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AbouSamra MM. Liposomal nano-carriers mediated targeting of liver disorders: mechanisms and applications. J Liposome Res 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38988127 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2024.2377085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Liver disorders present a significant global health challenge, necessitating the exploration of innovative treatment modalities. Liposomal nanocarriers have emerged as promising candidates for targeted drug delivery to the liver. This review offers a comprehensive examination of the mechanisms and applications of liposomal nanocarriers in addressing various liver disorders. Firstly discussing the liver disorders and the conventional treatment approaches, the review delves into the liposomal structure and composition. Moreover, it tackles the different mechanisms of liposomal targeting including both passive and active strategies. After that, the review moves on to explore the therapeutic potentials of liposomal nanocarriers in treating liver cirrhosis, fibrosis, viral hepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Through discussing recent advancements and envisioning future perspectives, this review highlights the role of liposomal nanocarriers in enhancing the effectiveness and the safety of liver disorders and consequently improving patient outcomes and enhances life quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M AbouSamra
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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2
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Vyas K, Patel MM. Insights on drug and gene delivery systems in liver fibrosis. Asian J Pharm Sci 2023; 18:100779. [PMID: 36845840 PMCID: PMC9950450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Complications of the liver are amongst the world's worst diseases. Liver fibrosis is the first stage of liver problems, while cirrhosis is the last stage, which can lead to death. The creation of effective anti-fibrotic drug delivery methods appears critical due to the liver's metabolic capacity for drugs and the presence of insurmountable physiological impediments in the way of targeting. Recent breakthroughs in anti-fibrotic agents have substantially assisted in fibrosis; nevertheless, the working mechanism of anti-fibrotic medications is not fully understood, and there is a need to design delivery systems that are well-understood and can aid in cirrhosis. Nanotechnology-based delivery systems are regarded to be effective but they have not been adequately researched for liver delivery. As a result, the capability of nanoparticles in hepatic delivery was explored. Another approach is targeted drug delivery, which can considerably improve efficacy if delivery systems are designed to target hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). We have addressed numerous delivery strategies that target HSCs, which can eventually aid in fibrosis. Recently genetics have proved to be useful, and methods for delivering genetic material to the target place have also been investigated where different techniques are depicted. To summarize, this review paper sheds light on the most recent breakthroughs in drug and gene-based nano and targeted delivery systems that have lately shown useful for the treatment of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.
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Chapla R, Huynh KT, Schutt CE. Microbubble–Nanoparticle Complexes for Ultrasound-Enhanced Cargo Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112396. [PMID: 36365214 PMCID: PMC9698658 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted delivery of therapeutics to specific tissues is critically important for reducing systemic toxicity and optimizing therapeutic efficacy, especially in the case of cytotoxic drugs. Many strategies currently exist for targeting systemically administered drugs, and ultrasound-controlled targeting is a rapidly advancing strategy for externally-stimulated drug delivery. In this non-invasive method, ultrasound waves penetrate through tissue and stimulate gas-filled microbubbles, resulting in bubble rupture and biophysical effects that power delivery of attached cargo to surrounding cells. Drug delivery capabilities from ultrasound-sensitive microbubbles are greatly expanded when nanocarrier particles are attached to the bubble surface, and cargo loading is determined by the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles. This review serves to highlight and discuss current microbubble–nanoparticle complex component materials and designs for ultrasound-mediated drug delivery. Nanocarriers that have been complexed with microbubbles for drug delivery include lipid-based, polymeric, lipid–polymer hybrid, protein, and inorganic nanoparticles. Several schemes exist for linking nanoparticles to microbubbles for efficient nanoparticle delivery, including biotin–avidin bridging, electrostatic bonding, and covalent linkages. When compared to unstimulated delivery, ultrasound-mediated cargo delivery enables enhanced cell uptake and accumulation of cargo in target organs and can result in improved therapeutic outcomes. These ultrasound-responsive delivery complexes can also be designed to facilitate other methods of targeting, including bioactive targeting ligands and responsivity to light or magnetic fields, and multi-level targeting can enhance therapeutic efficacy. Microbubble–nanoparticle complexes present a versatile platform for controlled drug delivery via ultrasound, allowing for enhanced tissue penetration and minimally invasive therapy. Future perspectives for application of this platform are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Chapla
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Katherine T. Huynh
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Carolyn E. Schutt
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Correspondence:
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Applications of Ultrasound-Mediated Gene Delivery in Regenerative Medicine. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9050190. [PMID: 35621468 PMCID: PMC9137703 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9050190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the capability of non-viral gene delivery systems to induce tissue regeneration is a continued effort as the current use of viral vectors can present with significant limitations. Despite initially showing lower gene transfection and gene expression efficiencies, non-viral delivery methods continue to be optimized to match that of their viral counterparts. Ultrasound-mediated gene transfer, referred to as sonoporation, occurs by the induction of transient membrane permeabilization and has been found to significantly increase the uptake and expression of DNA in cells across many organ systems. In addition, it offers a more favorable safety profile compared to other non-viral delivery methods. Studies have shown that microbubble-enhanced sonoporation can elicit significant tissue regeneration in both ectopic and disease models, including bone and vascular tissue regeneration. Despite this, no clinical trials on the use of sonoporation for tissue regeneration have been conducted, although current clinical trials using sonoporation for other indications suggest that the method is safe for use in the clinical setting. In this review, we describe the pre-clinical studies conducted thus far on the use of sonoporation for tissue regeneration. Further, the various techniques used to increase the effectiveness and duration of sonoporation-induced gene transfer, as well as the obstacles that may be currently hindering clinical translation, are explored.
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Sharma D, Arora S, Singh J, Layek B. A review of the tortuous path of nonviral gene delivery and recent progress. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:2055-2073. [PMID: 34087309 PMCID: PMC8266766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy encompasses the transfer of exogenous genetic materials into the patient's target cells to treat or prevent diseases. Nevertheless, the transfer of genetic material into desired cells is challenging and often requires specialized tools or delivery systems. For the past 40 years, scientists are mainly pursuing various viruses as gene delivery vectors, and the overall progress has been slow and far from the expectation. As an alternative, nonviral vectors have gained substantial attention due to their several advantages, including superior safety profile, enhanced payload capacity, and stealth abilities. Since nonviral vectors encounter multiple extra- and intra-cellular barriers limiting the transfer of genetic payload into the target cell nucleus, we have discussed these barriers in detail for this review. A direct approach, utilizing physical methods like electroporation, sonoporation, gene gun, eliminate the requirement for a specific carrier for gene delivery. In contrast, chemical methods of gene transfer exploit natural or synthetic compounds as carriers to increase cellular targeting and gene therapy effectiveness. We have also emphasized the recent advancements aimed at enhancing the current nonviral approaches. Therefore, in this review, we have focused on discussing the current evolving state of nonviral gene delivery systems and their future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA
| | - Sanjay Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA
| | - Buddhadev Layek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA.
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Peng W, Cheng S, Bao Z, Wang Y, Zhou W, Wang J, Yang Q, Chen C, Wang W. Advances in the research of nanodrug delivery system for targeted treatment of liver fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Wu H, Xie D, Yang Y, Yang Q, Shi X, Yang R. Ultrasound-Targeted Microbubble Destruction-Mediated miR-206 Overexpression Promotes Apoptosis and Inhibits Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Via Targeting PPIB. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820959355. [PMID: 33111654 PMCID: PMC7607806 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820959355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) has been found to be an effective method for delivering microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs). The current study is aimed at discovering the potential anti-cancer effects of UTMD-mediated miR-206 on HCC. Methods: In our study, the expressions of miR-206 and peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B (PPIB) in HCC tissues and cells were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). PPIB expressions in HCC and adjacent normal tissues were analyzed by gene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA). MiR-206 mimic and mimic control were transfected into HCC cells using UTMD. Potential binding sites between miR-206 and PPIB were predicted and confirmed by TargetScan and dual-luciferase reporter assay, respectively. Cell migration, invasion, and apoptosis were detected by wound healing assay, Transwell, and flow cytometry, respectively. The expressions of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax, Bcl-2), Epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) markers (E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Snail) and PPIB were measured by Western blot. Results: MiR-206 expression was downregulated while PPIB expression was upregulated in HCC, and PPIB was recognized as a target gene of miR-206 in HCC tissues. UTMD-mediated miR-206 inhibited HCC cell migration and invasion while promoting apoptosis via regulating the expressions of proteins related to apoptosis, migration, and invasion by targeting PPIB. Conclusion: Our results suggested that the delivery of UTMD-mediated miR-206 could be a potential therapeutic method for HCC treatment, given its effects on inhibiting cell migration and invasion and promoting cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huating Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, Dingxi People's Hospital, Dingxi, Gansu Province, China
| | - Dawei Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Dingxi People's Hospital, Dingxi, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yingxia Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Dingxi People's Hospital, Dingxi, Gansu Province, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Dingxi People's Hospital, Dingxi, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiajun Shi
- Department of Ultrasound, Dingxi People's Hospital, Dingxi, Gansu Province, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Dingxi People's Hospital, Dingxi, Gansu Province, China
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8
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Bai X, Su G, Zhai S. Recent Advances in Nanomedicine for the Diagnosis and Therapy of Liver Fibrosis. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1945. [PMID: 33003520 PMCID: PMC7599596 DOI: 10.3390/nano10101945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis, a reversible pathological process of inflammation and fiber deposition caused by chronic liver injury and can cause severe health complications, including liver failure, liver cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Traditional diagnostic methods and drug-based therapy have several limitations, such as lack of precision and inadequate therapeutic efficiency. As a medical application of nanotechnology, nanomedicine exhibits great potential for liver fibrosis diagnosis and therapy. Nanomedicine enhances imaging contrast and improves tissue penetration and cellular internalization; it simultaneously achieves targeted drug delivery, combined therapy, as well as diagnosis and therapy (i.e., theranostics). In this review, recent designs and development efforts of nanomedicine systems for the diagnosis, therapy, and theranostics of liver fibrosis are introduced. Relative to traditional methods, these nanomedicine systems generally demonstrate significant improvement in liver fibrosis treatment. Perspectives and challenges related to these nanomedicine systems translated from laboratory to clinical use are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China;
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Gaoxing Su
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Shumei Zhai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China;
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Mahdinloo S, Kiaie SH, Amiri A, Hemmati S, Valizadeh H, Zakeri-Milani P. Efficient drug and gene delivery to liver fibrosis: rationale, recent advances, and perspectives. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1279-1293. [PMID: 32874828 PMCID: PMC7451940 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis results from chronic damages together with an accumulation of extracellular matrix, and no specific medical therapy is approved for that until now. Due to liver metabolic capacity for drugs, the fragility of drugs, and the presence of insurmountable physiological obstacles in the way of targeting, the development of efficient drug delivery systems for anti-fibrotics seems vital. We have explored articles with a different perspective on liver fibrosis over the two decades, then collected and summarized the information by providing corresponding in vitro and in vivo cases. We have discussed the mechanism of hepatic fibrogenesis with different ways of fibrosis induction in animals. Furthermore, the critical chemical and herbal anti-fibrotics, biological molecules such as micro-RNAs, siRNAs, and growth factors, which can affect cell division and differentiation, are mentioned. Likewise, drug and gene delivery and therapeutic systems on in vitro and in vivo models are summarized in the data tables. This review article enlightens recent advances in emerging drugs and nanocarriers and represents perspectives on targeting strategies employed in liver fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Mahdinloo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Kiaie
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
| | - Ala Amiri
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - Salar Hemmati
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Hadi Valizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Parvin Zakeri-Milani
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
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10
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Vaughan HJ, Green JJ, Tzeng SY. Cancer-Targeting Nanoparticles for Combinatorial Nucleic Acid Delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1901081. [PMID: 31222852 PMCID: PMC6923623 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acids are a promising type of therapeutic for the treatment of a wide range of conditions, including cancer, but they also pose many delivery challenges. For efficient and safe delivery to cancer cells, nucleic acids must generally be packaged into a vehicle, such as a nanoparticle, that will allow them to be taken up by the target cells and then released in the appropriate cellular compartment to function. As with other types of therapeutics, delivery vehicles for nucleic acids must also be designed to avoid unwanted side effects; thus, the ability of such carriers to target their cargo to cancer cells is crucial. Classes of nucleic acids, hurdles that must be overcome for effective intracellular delivery, types of nonviral nanomaterials used as delivery vehicles, and the different strategies that can be employed to target nucleic acid delivery specifically to tumor cells are discussed. Additonally, nanoparticle designs that facilitate multiplexed delivery of combinations of nucleic acids are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Vaughan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 North Broadway, Smith Building 5001, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Jordan J Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 North Broadway, Smith Building 5001, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Stephany Y Tzeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 North Broadway, Smith Building 5001, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
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11
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Synergistic anti-tumor effect of paclitaxel and miR-34a combined with ultrasound microbubbles on cervical cancer in vivo and in vitro. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 22:60-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02131-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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12
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Jiang Y, Zhao Y, He F, Wang H. Artificial MicroRNA-Mediated Tgfbr2 and Pdgfrb Co-Silencing Ameliorates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatic Fibrosis in Mice. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 30:179-196. [PMID: 30024280 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the primary cell type responsible for liver fibrogenesis. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) are key profibrotic cytokines that regulate HSC activation and proliferation with functional convergence. Dual RNA interference against their receptors may achieve therapeutic effects. A novel RNAi strategy based on HSC-specific GFAP promoter-driven and lentiviral-expressed artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs) was devised that consists of an microRNA-30a backbone and effective shRNAs against mouse Pdgfrβ and Tgfbr2. Then, its antifibrotic efficacy was tested in primary and cultured HSCs and in mice affected with carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis. The study shows that amiRNA-mediated Pdgfrβ and Tgfbr2 co-silencing inhibits HSC activation and proliferation. After recombinant lentiviral particles were delivered into the liver via tail-vein injection, therapeutic amiRNAs were preferentially expressed in HSCs and efficiently co-knocked down in situ Tgfbr2 and Pdgfrβ expression, which correlates with downregulated expression of target or effector genes of their signaling, which include Pai-1, P70S6K, and D-cyclins. amiRNA-based HSC-specific co-silencing of Tgfbr2 and Pdgfrβ significantly suppressed hepatic expression of fibrotic markers α-Sma and Col1a1, extracellular matrix regulators Mmps and Timp1, and phenotypically ameliorated liver fibrosis, as indicated by reductions in serum alanine aminotransferase activity, collagen deposition, and α-Sma-positive staining. The findings provide proof of concept for the use of amiRNA-mediated co-silencing of two profibrogenic pathways in liver fibrosis treatment and highlight the therapeutic potential of concatenated amiRNAs for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- 1 The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- 1 The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Fuchu He
- 1 The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,2 State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Haijian Wang
- 1 The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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13
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Qin D, Li H, Xie H. Ultrasound‑targeted microbubble destruction‑mediated miR‑205 enhances cisplatin cytotoxicity in prostate cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:3242-3250. [PMID: 30066866 PMCID: PMC6102709 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding ~20 nucleotides long sequences that function in the initiation and development of a number of cancers. Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) is an effective method for microRNA delivery. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential roles of UTMD-mediated miRNA (miR)-205 delivery in the development of prostate cancer (PCa). In the present study, miR-205 expression was examined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. miR-205 mimics were transfected into PC-3 cells using the UTMD method, and the PC-3 cells were also treated with cisplatin. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion abilities were detected using Cell Counting kit-8, flow cytometry, wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. In addition, the protein expression levels of caspase-9, cleaved-caspase 9, cytochrome c (cytoc), epithelial (E)-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), phosphorylated (p)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and ERK were measured by western blot analysis. The results of the present study demonstrated that miR-205 expression was low in human PCa cell lines compared with healthy cells and that UTMD-mediated miR-205 delivery inhibited PCa cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and promoted apoptosis modulated by cisplatin compared with UTMD-mediated miR-negative control group and miR-205-treated group. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that UTMD-mediated miR-205 transfection increased the expression of caspase-9, cleaved-caspase 9, cytochrome c and E-cadherin, and decreased the expression of MMP-9 and p-ERK. Therefore, UTMD-mediated miR-205 delivery may be a promising method for the treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingwen Qin
- Department of Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, P.R. China
| | - Haige Li
- Department of Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, P.R. China
| | - Honglin Xie
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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Maepa MB, Ely A, Arbuthnot P. How successful has targeted RNA interference for hepatic fibrosis been? Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 18:381-388. [PMID: 29265946 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1420775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to toxins from the portal circulation, viral infection and by-products of metabolic activity make liver tissue prone to injury. When sustained, associated inflammation leads to activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and complicating hepatic fibrosis. AREAS COVERED In this article, the authors discuss utility of therapeutic gene silencing to disable key steps of hepatic fibrogenesis. Strategies aimed at inhibiting HSC activation and silencing primary causes of fibrogenesis, such as viruses that cause chronic hepatitis, are reviewed. Both synthetic and expressed artificial intermediates of the RNAi pathway have potential to treat hepatic fibrosis, and each type of gene silencer has advantages for clinical translation. Silencing expression cassettes comprising DNA templates are compatible with efficient hepatotropic viral vectors, which may effect sustained gene silencing. By contrast, synthetic short interfering RNAs are amenable to chemical modification, incorporation into non-viral formulations, more precise dose control and large scale preparation. EXPERT OPINION Clinical translation of RNAi-based technology for treatment of hepatic fibrosis is now a realistic goal. However, achieving this aim will require safe, efficient delivery of artificial RNAi intermediates to target cells, economic large scale production of candidate drugs and specificity of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohube Betty Maepa
- a Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, School of Pathology, Health Sciences Faculty , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Abdullah Ely
- a Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, School of Pathology, Health Sciences Faculty , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Patrick Arbuthnot
- a Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, School of Pathology, Health Sciences Faculty , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa
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Cationic gas-filled microbubbles for ultrasound-based nucleic acids delivery. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20160619. [PMID: 29180378 PMCID: PMC5741830 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of ultrasound has gained great interest for nucleic acids delivery. Ultrasound can reach deep tissues in non-invasive manner. The process of sonoporation is based on the use of low-frequency ultrasound combined with gas-filled microbubbles (MBs) allowing an improved delivery of molecules including nucleic acids in the insonified tissue. For in vivo gene transfer, the engineering of cationic MBs is essential for creating strong electrostatic interactions between MBs and nucleic acids leading to their protection against nucleases degradation and high concentration within the target tissue. Cationic MBs must be stable enough to withstand nucleic acids interaction, have a good size distribution for in vivo administration, and enough acoustic activity to be detected by echography. This review aims to summarize the basic principles of ultrasound-based delivery and new knowledge acquired in these recent years about this method. A focus is made on gene delivery by discussing reported studies made with cationic MBs including ours. They have the ability for efficient delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA), mRNA or siRNA. Last, we discuss about the key challenges that have to be faced for a fine use of this delivery system.
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Poilil Surendran S, George Thomas R, Moon MJ, Jeong YY. Nanoparticles for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:6997-7006. [PMID: 29033567 PMCID: PMC5614791 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s145951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases represent a global health problem due to their high prevalence worldwide and the limited available curative treatment options. They can result from various causes, both infectious and noninfectious diseases. The application of nanoparticle (NP) systems has emerged as a rapidly evolving area of interest for the safe delivery of various drugs and nucleic acids for chronic liver diseases. This review presents the pathogenesis, diagnosis and the emerging nanoparticulate systems used in the treatment of chronic liver diseases caused by liver fibrosis. Activated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) is considered to be the main mechanism for liver fibrosis. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging techniques are widely used noninvasive diagnostic methods for hepatic fibrosis. A variety of nanoparticulate systems are mainly focused on targeting HSC in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis. As early liver fibrosis is reversible by current NP therapy, it is being studied in preclinical as well as clinical trials. Among various nanoparticulate systems, inorganic NPs, liposomes and nanomicelles have been widely studied due to their distinct properties to deliver drugs as well as other therapeutic moieties. Liposomal NPs in clinical trials is considered to be a milestone in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis. Currently, NP therapy for liver fibrosis is updating fast, and hopefully, it can be the future remedy for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchithra Poilil Surendran
- Department of Radiology, BioMolecular Theranostics (BiT) Lab, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital (CNUHH), South Korea
| | - Reju George Thomas
- Department of Radiology, BioMolecular Theranostics (BiT) Lab, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital (CNUHH), South Korea
| | - Myeong Ju Moon
- Department of Radiology, BioMolecular Theranostics (BiT) Lab, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital (CNUHH), South Korea
| | - Yong Yeon Jeong
- Department of Radiology, BioMolecular Theranostics (BiT) Lab, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital (CNUHH), South Korea
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17
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Manta S, Renault G, Delalande A, Couture O, Lagoutte I, Seguin J, Lager F, Houzé P, Midoux P, Bessodes M, Scherman D, Bureau MF, Marie C, Pichon C, Mignet N. Cationic microbubbles and antibiotic-free miniplasmid for sustained ultrasound-mediated transgene expression in liver. J Control Release 2017; 262:170-181. [PMID: 28710005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite the increasing number of clinical trials in gene therapy, no ideal methods still allow non-viral gene transfer in deep tissues such as the liver. We were interested in ultrasound (US)-mediated gene delivery to provide long term liver expression. For this purpose, new positively charged microbubbles were designed and complexed with pFAR4, a highly efficient small length miniplasmid DNA devoid of antibiotic resistance sequence. Sonoporation parameters, such as insonation time, acoustic pressure and duration of plasmid injection were controlled under ultrasound imaging guidance. The optimization of these various parameters was performed by bioluminescence optical imaging of luciferase reporter gene expression in the liver. Mice were injected with 50μg pFAR4-LUC either alone, or complexed with positively charged microbubbles, or co-injected with neutral MicroMarker™ microbubbles, followed by low ultrasound energy application to the liver. Injection of the pFAR4 encoding luciferase alone led to a transient transgene expression that lasted only for two days. The significant luciferase signal obtained with neutral microbubbles decreased over 2days and reached a plateau with a level around 1 log above the signal obtained with pFAR4 alone. With the newly designed positively charged microbubbles, we obtained a much stronger bioluminescence signal which increased over 2days. The 12-fold difference (p<0.05) between MicroMarker™ and our positively charged microbubbles was maintained over a period of 6months. Noteworthy, the positively charged microbubbles led to an improvement of 180-fold (p<0.001) as regard to free pDNA using unfocused ultrasound performed at clinically tolerated ultrasound amplitude. Transient liver damage was observed when using the cationic microbubble-pFAR4 complexes and the optimized sonoporation parameters. Immunohistochemistry analyses were performed to determine the nature of cells transfected. The pFAR4 miniplasmid complexed with cationic microbubbles allowed to transfect mostly hepatocytes compared to its co-injection with MicroMarker™ which transfected more preferentially endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Manta
- CNRS, UTCBS UMR 8258, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Gilles Renault
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Anthony Delalande
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire and Université d'Orléans, UPR 4301, F-45071 Orléans, France
| | - Olivier Couture
- Institut Langevin - Ondes et Images, ESPCI ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR7587, INSERM U979, 1, rue Jussieu, 75238 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Isabelle Lagoutte
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Johanne Seguin
- CNRS, UTCBS UMR 8258, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Franck Lager
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Pascal Houzé
- CNRS, UTCBS UMR 8258, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Midoux
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire and Université d'Orléans, UPR 4301, F-45071 Orléans, France
| | - Michel Bessodes
- CNRS, UTCBS UMR 8258, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Scherman
- CNRS, UTCBS UMR 8258, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Michel-Francis Bureau
- CNRS, UTCBS UMR 8258, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Corinne Marie
- CNRS, UTCBS UMR 8258, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Chantal Pichon
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire and Université d'Orléans, UPR 4301, F-45071 Orléans, France.
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- CNRS, UTCBS UMR 8258, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, F-75006 Paris, France
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Advances in ultrasound-targeted microbubble-mediated gene therapy for liver fibrosis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2017; 7:447-452. [PMID: 28752029 PMCID: PMC5518641 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis develops as a wound-healing scar in response to acute and chronic liver inflammation and can lead to cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C. The condition arises due to increased synthesis and reduced degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and is a common pathological sequela of chronic liver disease. Excessive deposition of ECM in the liver causes liver dysfunction, ascites, and eventually upper gastrointestinal bleeding as well as a series of complications. However, fibrosis can be reversed before developing into cirrhosis and has thus been the subject of extensive researches particularly at the gene level. Currently, therapeutic genes are imported into the damaged liver to delay or prevent the development of liver fibrosis by regulating the expression of exogenous genes. One technique of gene delivery uses ultrasound targeting of microbubbles combined with therapeutic genes where the time and intensity of the ultrasound can control the release process. Ultrasound irradiation of microbubbles in the vicinity of cells changes the permeability of the cell membrane by its cavitation effect and enhances gene transfection. In this paper, recent progress in the field is reviewed with emphasis on the following aspects: the types of ultrasound microbubbles, the construction of an ultrasound-mediated gene delivery system, the mechanism of ultrasound microbubble–mediated gene transfer and the application of ultrasound microbubbles in the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Unilateral Opening of Rat Blood-Brain Barrier Assisted by Diagnostic Ultrasound Targeted Microbubbles Destruction. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:4759750. [PMID: 27579317 PMCID: PMC4989062 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4759750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a key obstacle that prevents the medication from blood to the brain. Microbubble-enhanced cavitation by focused ultrasound can open the BBB and proves to be valuable in the brain drug delivery. The study aimed to explore the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of unilateral opening of BBB using diagnostic ultrasound targeted microbubbles destruction in rats. Methods. A transtemporal bone irradiation of diagnostic ultrasound and intravenous injection of lipid-coated microbubbles were performed at unilateral hemisphere. Pathological changes were monitored. Evans Blue extravasation grades, extraction from brain tissue, and fluorescence optical density were quantified. Lanthanum nitrate was traced by transmission electron microscopy. Results. After diagnostic ultrasound mediated microbubbles destruction, Evans Blue extravasation and fluorescence integrated optical density were significantly higher in the irradiated hemisphere than the contralateral side (all p < 0.01). Erythrocytes extravasations were demonstrated in the ultrasound-exposed hemisphere (4 ± 1, grade 2) while being invisible in the control side. Lanthanum nitrate tracers leaked through interendothelial cleft and spread to the nerve fiber existed in the irradiation side. Conclusions. Transtemporal bone irradiation under DUS mediated microbubble destruction provides us with a more accessible, safer, and higher selective BBB opening approach in rats, which is advantageous in brain targeted drugs delivery.
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20
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Wang P, Yin T, Li J, Zheng B, Wang X, Wang Y, Zheng J, Zheng R, Shuai X. Ultrasound-responsive microbubbles for sonography-guided siRNA delivery. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:1139-1149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.12.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Suzuki R, Klibanov AL. Co-administration of Microbubbles and Drugs in Ultrasound-Assisted Drug Delivery: Comparison with Drug-Carrying Particles. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 880:205-20. [PMID: 26486340 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22536-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There are two alternative approaches to ultrasound-assisted drug delivery. First, the drug can be entrapped into or attached onto the ultrasound-responsive particles and administered in the vasculature, to achieve ultrasound-triggered drug release from the particles and localized tissue deposition in response to ultrasound treatment of the target zone. Second, the drug can be co-administered with the microbubbles or other sonosensitive particles. In this case, the action of ultrasound on the particles (which act as cavitation nuclei) results in the transient improvement of permeability of the physiological barriers, so that the circulating drug can exit the bloodstream and get into the target tissues and cells. We discuss and compare both of these approaches, their characteristic advantages and disadvantages for the specific drug delivery scenarios. Clearly, the system based on the off-label use of the existing approved microbubbles and drugs (or drug carriers) will have a chance of getting to clinical trials faster and with lesser resources spent. However, if a superior curative potential of a sonosensitive drug carrier is proven, and formulation stability problems are addressed properly, this approach may find its way to practical use, especially for nucleic acid delivery scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Suzuki
- Cardiovascular Division, Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, 801394, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.,Department of Drug and Gene Delivery System, Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alexander L Klibanov
- Cardiovascular Division, Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, 801394, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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22
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Cao WJ, Rosenblat JD, Roth NC, Kuliszewski MA, Matkar PN, Rudenko D, Liao C, Lee PJH, Leong-Poi H. Therapeutic Angiogenesis by Ultrasound-Mediated MicroRNA-126-3p Delivery. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:2401-11. [PMID: 26381870 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNAs are involved in many critical functions, including angiogenesis. Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) is a noninvasive technique for targeted vascular transfection of plasmid DNA and may be well suited for proangiogenic microRNA delivery. We aimed to investigate UTMD of miR-126-3p for therapeutic angiogenesis in chronic ischemia. APPROACH AND RESULTS The angiogenic potential of miR-126-3p was tested in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. UTMD of miR-126-3p was tested in vivo in Fischer-344 rats before and after chronic left femoral artery ligation, evaluating target knockdown, miR-126-3p and miR-126-5p expression, phosphorylated Tie2 levels, microvascular perfusion, and vessel density. In vitro, miR-126-3p-transfected human umbilical vein endothelial cells showed repression of sprouty-related protein-1 and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2, negative regulators of vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-1 signaling, increased phosphorylated Tie2 mediated by knockdown of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2 and greater angiogenic potential mediated by both vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor R2 and angiopoietin-1 /Tie2 effects. UTMD of miR-126-3p resulted in targeted vascular transfection, peaking early after delivery and lasting for >3 days, and resulting in inhibition of sprouty-related protein-1 and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2, with minimal uptake in remote organs. Finally, UTMD of miR-126-3p to chronic ischemic hindlimb muscle resulted in improved perfusion, vessel density, enhanced arteriolar formation, pericyte coverage, and phosphorylated Tie2 levels, without affecting miR-126-5p or delta-like 1 homolog levels. CONCLUSIONS UTMD of miR-126 results in improved tissue perfusion and vascular density in the setting of chronic ischemia by repressing sprouty-related protein-1 and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2 and enhancing vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-1 signaling, with no effect on miR-126-5p. UTMD is a promising platform for microRNA delivery, with applications for therapeutic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei J Cao
- From the Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua D Rosenblat
- From the Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathan C Roth
- From the Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael A Kuliszewski
- From the Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pratiek N Matkar
- From the Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dmitriy Rudenko
- From the Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine Liao
- From the Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul J H Lee
- From the Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Howard Leong-Poi
- From the Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Ma J, Xu CS, Gao F, Chen M, Li F, Du LF. Diagnostic and therapeutic research on ultrasound microbubble/nanobubble contrast agents (Review). Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:4022-4028. [PMID: 26081968 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The contrast enhanced imaging function of ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) has been extensively investigated using physical acoustic signatures. It has a number of novel applications, including tissue‑specific molecular imaging and multi‑modal imaging. In addition there are numerous other therapeutic applications of UCAs, for example as vehicles for drug or gene delivery. These uses are discussed, as well as the acoustically‑induced biological effects, including ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD). This review also explores the considerations for the safe use of UCA from an acoustic standpoint. The scope of the application of UCA has markedly expanded in recent years, and it is a rapidly growing field of medical research. The current article reviews recent advances in the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of ultrasound microbubble/nanobubble contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Chang Song Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Lian Fang Du
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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Intestinal fibrosis in Crohn's disease: role of microRNAs as fibrogenic modulators, serum biomarkers, and therapeutic targets. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015; 21:1141-50. [PMID: 25636122 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation often precedes fibrosis and stricture formation in patients with Crohn's disease. Established medical therapies reduce inflammation, but there are currently no specific therapies to prevent fibrosis or treat established fibrosis. Our understanding of the pathogenic processes underpinning fibrogenesis is limited compared with our knowledge of the events initiating and propagating inflammation. There are several biomarkers for intestinal inflammation, but there are none that reflect the development of fibrosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are regulators of cellular activities including inflammation and fibrosis and may serve as biomarkers of disease processes. Differential serum and mucosal miRNA expression profiles have been identified between patients with inflammatory bowel disease with active and inactive inflammatory disease. In contrast, studies in patients with fibrotic phenotypes are comparatively few, although specific miRNAs have defined roles in the development of fibrosis in other organ systems. Here, we discuss the most recent research on miRNA and fibrogenesis with a particular emphasis on Crohn's disease. We also anticipate the potential of miRNAs in fulfilling current unmet translational needs in this patient group by focusing on the role of miRNAs as modulators of fibrogenesis and on their potential value as serum biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the management of fibrosis.
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25
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Salazar-Montes AM, Hernández-Ortega LD, Lucano-Landeros MS, Armendariz-Borunda J. New gene therapy strategies for hepatic fibrosis. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:3813-3825. [PMID: 25852266 PMCID: PMC4385528 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i13.3813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is the largest internal organ of the body, which may suffer acute or chronic injury induced by many factors, leading to cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. Cirrhosis is the irreversible end result of fibrous scarring and hepatocellular regeneration, characterized by diffuse disorganization of the normal hepatic structure, regenerative nodules and fibrotic tissue. Cirrhosis is associated with a high co-morbidity and mortality without effective treatment, and much research has been aimed at developing new therapeutic strategies to guarantee recovery. Liver-based gene therapy has been used to downregulate specific genes, to block the expression of deleterious genes, to delivery therapeutic genes, to prevent allograft rejection and to augment liver regeneration. Viral and non-viral vectors have been used, with viral vectors proving to be more efficient. This review provides an overview of the main strategies used in liver-gene therapy represented by non-viral vectors, viral vectors, novel administration methods like hydrodynamic injection, hybrids of two viral vectors and blocking molecules, with the hope of translating findings from the laboratory to the patient´s bed-side.
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26
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Yang Y, Wang J, Li X, Lin L, Yue X. A near infrared fluorescent/ultrasonic bimodal contrast agent for imaging guided pDNA delivery via ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15066j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
MBs@QDs@PEI/pDNA was prepared to operate as a NIR/Ultrasound bimodal imaging guided platform for targeting delivery of pDNA by UTMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Jinrui Wang
- Department of Ultrasonography
- Peking University Third Hospital
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Xiaoda Li
- School of Life Science and Technology
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Li Lin
- School of Life Science and Technology
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Xiuli Yue
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
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27
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Abstract
The key impediment to the successful application of gene therapy in clinics is not the paucity of therapeutic genes. It is rather the lack of nontoxic and efficient strategies to transfer therapeutic genes into target cells. Over the past few decades, considerable progress has been made in gene transfer technologies, and thus far, three different delivery systems have been developed with merits and demerits characterizing each system. Viral and chemical methods of gene transfer utilize specialized carrier to overcome membrane barrier and facilitate gene transfer into cells. Physical methods, on the other hand, utilize various forms of mechanical forces to enforce gene entry into cells. Starting in 1980s, physical methods have been introduced as alternatives to viral and chemical methods to overcome various extra- and intracellular barriers that limit the amount of DNA reaching the intended cells. Accumulating evidence suggests that it is quite feasible to directly translocate genes into cytoplasm or even nuclei of target cells by means of mechanical force, bypassing endocytosis, a common pathway for viral and nonviral vectors. Indeed, several methods have been developed, and the majority of them share the same underlying mechanism of gene transfer, i.e., physically created transient pores in cell membrane through which genes get into cells. Here, we provide an overview of the current status and future research directions in the field of physical methods of gene transfer.
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28
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Husseini GA, Pitt WG, Martins AM. Ultrasonically triggered drug delivery: breaking the barrier. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 123:364-86. [PMID: 25454759 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The adverse side-effects of chemotherapy can be minimized by delivering the therapeutics in time and space to only the desired target site. Ultrasound offers one fairly non-invasive method of accomplishing such precise delivery because its energy can disrupt nanosized containers that are designed to sequester the drug until the ultrasonic event. Such containers include micelles, liposomes and solid nanoparticles. Conventional micelles and liposomes are less acoustically sensitive to ultrasound because the strongest forces associated with ultrasound are generated by gas-liquid interfaces, which both of these conventional constructs lack. Acoustically activated carriers often incorporate a gas phase, either actively as preformed bubbles, or passively such as taking advantage of dissolved gasses that form bubbles upon insonation. Newer concepts include using liquids that form gas when insonated. This review focuses on the ultrasonically activated delivery of therapeutics from micelles, liposomes and solid particles. In vitro and in vivo results are summarized and discussed. Novel structural concepts from micelles and liposomes are presented. Mechanisms of ultrasonically activated release are discussed. The future of ultrasound in drug delivery is envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana M Martins
- American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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29
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Wang X, Liu P, Yang W, Li L, Li P, Liu Z, Zhuo Z, Gao Y. Microbubbles coupled to methotrexate-loaded liposomes for ultrasound-mediated delivery of methotrexate across the blood-brain barrier. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:4899-909. [PMID: 25364248 PMCID: PMC4211917 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s69845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is the single most effective agent for the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma. Currently, the delivery of MTX to the brain is achieved by high systemic doses, which cause severe long-term neurotoxicity, or intrathecal administration, which is highly invasive and may lead to infections or hemorrhagic complications. Acoustically active microbubbles have been developed as drug carriers for the noninvasive and brain-targeted delivery of therapeutics. However, their application is limited by their low drug-loading capacity. To overcome this limitation, we prepared microbubbles coupled to MTX-loaded liposomes using ZHIFUXIAN, a novel type of microbubbles with a superior safety profile and long circulation time. MTX-liposome-coupled microbubbles had a high drug-loading capacity of 8.91%±0.86%, and their size (2.64±0.93 μm in diameter) was suitable for intravenous injection. When used with ultrasound, they showed more potent in vitro cytotoxicity against Walker-256 cancer cells than MTX alone or MTX-loaded liposomes. When Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to sonication, administration of these MTX-liposome-coupled microbubbles via the tail vein led to targeted disruption of the blood–brain barrier without noticeable tissue or capillary damage. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the brain MTX concentration showed that MTX delivery to the brain followed the order of MTX-liposome-coupled microbubbles + ultrasound (25.3±2.4 μg/g) > unmodified ZHIFUXIAN + MTX + ultrasound (18.6±2.2 μg/g) > MTX alone (6.97±0.75 μg/g) > MTX-liposome-coupled microbubbles (2.92±0.39 μg/g). Therefore, treatment with MTX-liposome-coupled microbubbles and ultrasound resulted in a significantly higher brain MTX concentration than all other treatments (P<0.01). These results suggest that MTX-liposome-coupled microbubbles may hold great promise as new and effective therapies for primary central nervous system lymphoma and other central nervous system malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixiao Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peijing Li
- Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of the Jinan Military Area, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongxiong Zhuo
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhua Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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30
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Rychak JJ, Klibanov AL. Nucleic acid delivery with microbubbles and ultrasound. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 72:82-93. [PMID: 24486388 PMCID: PMC4204336 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based therapy is a growing field of drug delivery research. Although ultrasound has been suggested to enhance transfection decades ago, it took a combination of ultrasound with nucleic acid carrier systems (microbubbles, liposomes, polyplexes, and viral carriers) to achieve reasonable nucleic acid delivery efficacy. Microbubbles serve as foci for local deposition of ultrasound energy near the target cell, and greatly enhance sonoporation. The major advantage of this approach is in the minimal transfection in the non-insonated non-target tissues. Microbubbles can be simply co-administered with the nucleic acid carrier or can be modified to carry nucleic acid themselves. Liposomes with embedded gas or gas precursor particles can also be used to carry nucleic acid, release and deliver it by the ultrasound trigger. Successful testing in a wide variety of animal models (myocardium, solid tumors, skeletal muscle, and pancreas) proves the potential usefulness of this technique for nucleic acid drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander L Klibanov
- Cardiovascular Division, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-1394, USA.
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31
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Kooiman K, Vos HJ, Versluis M, de Jong N. Acoustic behavior of microbubbles and implications for drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 72:28-48. [PMID: 24667643 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound contrast agents are valuable in diagnostic ultrasound imaging, and they increasingly show potential for drug delivery. This review focuses on the acoustic behavior of flexible-coated microbubbles and rigid-coated microcapsules and their contribution to enhanced drug delivery. Phenomena relevant to drug delivery, such as non-spherical oscillations, shear stress, microstreaming, and jetting will be reviewed from both a theoretical and experimental perspective. Further, the two systems for drug delivery, co-administration and the microbubble as drug carrier system, are reviewed in relation to the microbubble behavior. Finally, future prospects are discussed that need to be addressed for ultrasound contrast agents to move from a pre-clinical tool into a clinical setting.
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32
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Zeghimi A, Novell A, Thépault RA, Vourc'h P, Bouakaz A, Escoffre JM. Serum influence on in-vitro gene delivery using microbubble-assisted ultrasound. J Drug Target 2014; 22:748-60. [PMID: 24878379 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2014.921922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmid DNA (pDNA) is attractive molecule for gene therapy. pDNA-targeted delivery by efficient and safe methods is required to enhance its intra-tissue bioavailability. Among non-viral methods, sonoporation has become a promising method for in-vitro and in-vivo pDNA delivery. The efficiency of non-viral delivery methods of pDNA is generally limited by the presence of serum. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of serum on in-vitro pDNA delivery using microbubble-assisted ultrasound. METHODS The effects of a range of serum concentrations (0-50%) on efficiency of in-vitro pDNA delivery by sonoporation were determined on human glioblastoma cells. Furthermore, the influence of the serum on cell viability, membrane permeabilization, microbubble destruction, and pDNA topology were also assessed. RESULTS In-vitro results showed that a low serum concentration (i.e. ≤1%) induced a significant increase in transfection level through an increase in cell viability. However, a high serum concentration (i.e. ≥5%) resulted in a significant decrease in cell transfection, which was not associated with a decrease in membrane permeabilization or loss in cell viability. This decrease in transfection level was in fact positively correlated to changes in pDNA topology. CONCLUSION Serum influences the efficiency of in-vitro pDNA delivery by sonoporation through change in pDNA topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Zeghimi
- UMR Inserm U930, Université François-Rabelais de Tours , Tours , France
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