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Dalíková M, Provazníková I, Provazník J, Grof-Tisza P, Pepi A, Nguyen P. The Role of Repetitive Sequences in Repatterning of Major Ribosomal DNA Clusters in Lepidoptera. Genome Biol Evol 2023; 15:evad090. [PMID: 37226278 PMCID: PMC10257491 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Genes for major ribosomal RNAs (rDNA) are present in multiple copies mainly organized in tandem arrays. The number and position of rDNA loci can change dynamically and their repatterning is presumably driven by other repetitive sequences. We explored a peculiar rDNA organization in several representatives of Lepidoptera with either extremely large or numerous rDNA clusters. We combined molecular cytogenetics with analyses of second- and third-generation sequencing data to show that rDNA spreads as a transcription unit and reveal association between rDNA and various repeats. Furthermore, we performed comparative long read analyses among the species with derived rDNA distribution and moths with a single rDNA locus, which is considered ancestral. Our results suggest that satellite arrays, rather than mobile elements, facilitate homology-mediated spread of rDNA via either integration of extrachromosomal rDNA circles or ectopic recombination. The latter arguably better explains preferential spread of rDNA into terminal regions of lepidopteran chromosomes as efficiency of ectopic recombination depends on the proximity of homologous sequences to telomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Dalíková
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre CAS, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Provazníková
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre CAS, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Provazník
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Grof-Tisza
- Institute of Biology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Entomology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Adam Pepi
- Department of Biology, Tufts University
| | - Petr Nguyen
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre CAS, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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2
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Heckenhauer J, Frandsen PB, Sproul JS, Li Z, Paule J, Larracuente AM, Maughan PJ, Barker MS, Schneider JV, Stewart RJ, Pauls SU. Genome size evolution in the diverse insect order Trichoptera. Gigascience 2022; 11:6537159. [PMID: 35217860 PMCID: PMC8881205 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giac011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genome size is implicated in the form, function, and ecological success of a species. Two principally different mechanisms are proposed as major drivers of eukaryotic genome evolution and diversity: polyploidy (i.e., whole-genome duplication) or smaller duplication events and bursts in the activity of repetitive elements. Here, we generated de novo genome assemblies of 17 caddisflies covering all major lineages of Trichoptera. Using these and previously sequenced genomes, we use caddisflies as a model for understanding genome size evolution in diverse insect lineages. Results We detect a ∼14-fold variation in genome size across the order Trichoptera. We find strong evidence that repetitive element expansions, particularly those of transposable elements (TEs), are important drivers of large caddisfly genome sizes. Using an innovative method to examine TEs associated with universal single-copy orthologs (i.e., BUSCO genes), we find that TE expansions have a major impact on protein-coding gene regions, with TE-gene associations showing a linear relationship with increasing genome size. Intriguingly, we find that expanded genomes preferentially evolved in caddisfly clades with a higher ecological diversity (i.e., various feeding modes, diversification in variable, less stable environments). Conclusion Our findings provide a platform to test hypotheses about the potential evolutionary roles of TE activity and TE-gene associations, particularly in groups with high species, ecological, and functional diversities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Heckenhauer
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Frankfurt 60325, Germany.,Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60325, Germany
| | - Paul B Frandsen
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Frankfurt 60325, Germany.,Department of Plant & Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.,Data Science Lab, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - John S Sproul
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Juraj Paule
- Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60325, Germany
| | | | - Peter J Maughan
- Department of Plant & Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Michael S Barker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Julio V Schneider
- Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60325, Germany
| | - Russell J Stewart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Steffen U Pauls
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Frankfurt 60325, Germany.,Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60325, Germany.,Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University, Gießen 35390, Germany
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3
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Tanaka S, Kinouchi T, Fujii T, Imanaka T, Takahashi T, Fukutani S, Maki D, Nohtomi A, Takahashi S. Observation of morphological abnormalities in silkworm pupae after feeding 137CsCl-supplemented diet to evaluate the effects of low dose-rate exposure. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16055. [PMID: 32994421 PMCID: PMC7524783 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72882-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, morphological abnormalities in lepidopteran insects, such as shrinkage and/or aberration of wings, have been reported. Butterflies experimentally exposed to radiocesium also show such abnormalities. However, because of a lack of data on absorbed dose and dose-effect relationship, it is unclear whether these abnormalities are caused directly by radiation. We conducted a low dose-rate exposure experiment in silkworms reared from egg to fully developed larvae on a 137CsCl-supplemented artificial diet and estimated the absorbed dose to evaluate morphological abnormalities in pupal wings. We used 137CsCl at 1.3 × 103 Bq/g fresh weight to simulate 137Cs contamination around the FDNPP. Absorbed doses were estimated using a glass rod dosimeter and Monte Carlo particle transport simulation code PHITS. Average external absorbed doses were approximately 0.24 (on diet) and 0.016 mGy/day (near diet); the average internal absorbed dose was approximately 0.82 mGy/day. Pupal wing structure is sensitive to radiation exposure. However, no significant differences were observed in the wing-to-whole body ratio of pupae between the 137CsCl-exposure and control groups. These results suggest that silkworms are insensitive to low dose-rate exposure due to chronic ingestion of high 137Cs at a high concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sota Tanaka
- Research Group for Environmental Science, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan.
| | - Tadatoshi Kinouchi
- Division of Radiation Life Science, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka, 590-0494, Japan
| | - Tsuguru Fujii
- Laboratory of Creative Science for Insect Industries, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Motooka, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Imanaka
- Division of Nuclear Engineering Science, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka, 590-0494, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Takahashi
- Division of Nuclear Engineering Science, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka, 590-0494, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukutani
- Division of Nuclear Engineering Science, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka, 590-0494, Japan
| | - Daisuke Maki
- Technical Staff Office, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka, 590-0494, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nohtomi
- Quantum Radiation Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sentaro Takahashi
- Professor Emeritus, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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Hora KH, Marec F, Roessingh P, Menken SBJ. Limited intrinsic postzygotic reproductive isolation despite chromosomal rearrangements between closely related sympatric species of small ermine moths (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In evolutionarily young species and sympatric host races of phytophagous insects, postzygotic incompatibility is often not yet fully developed, but reduced fitness of hybrids is thought to facilitate further divergence. However, empirical evidence supporting this hypothesis is limited. To assess the role of reduced hybrid fitness, we studied meiosis and fertility in hybrids of two closely related small ermine moths, Yponomeuta padella and Yponomeuta cagnagella, and determined the extent of intrinsic postzygotic reproductive isolation. We found extensive rearrangements between the karyotypes of the two species and irregularities in meiotic chromosome pairing in their hybrids. The fertility of reciprocal F1 and, surprisingly, also of backcrosses with both parental species was not significantly decreased compared with intraspecific offspring. The results indicate that intrinsic postzygotic reproductive isolation between these closely related species is limited. We conclude that the observed chromosomal rearrangements are probably not the result of an accumulation of postzygotic incompatibilities preventing hybridization. Alternative explanations, such as adaptation to new host plants, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina H Hora
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - František Marec
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Roessingh
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steph B J Menken
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Vershinina AO, Lukhtanov VA. Evolutionary mechanisms of runaway chromosome number change in Agrodiaetus butterflies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8199. [PMID: 28811556 PMCID: PMC5557896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08525-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite predictions of the classic, hybrid-sterility model of chromosomal speciation, some organisms demonstrate high rate of karyotype evolution. This rate is especially impressive in Agrodiaetus butterflies that rapidly evolved the greatest chromosome number diversity known in animal kingdom within a single subgenus. Here we analyzed karyotype evolution in Agrodiaetus using phylogenetic comparative methods. We found that chromosome numbers possess a strong phylogenetic signal. This disproves the chromosome megaevolution model that proposes multiple chromosome rearrangements to accumulate independently in each of closely related species. We found that Brownian motion gives a more adequate description of observed trait changes than Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model. This indicates that chromosome numbers evolve via random walk along branches of the phylogeny. We discovered a correlation between karyotype changes and phylogeny branch lengths. This gradual pattern is inconsistent with the hybrid-sterility model which, due to association of major chromosome changes with cladogenetic events, predicts a high degree of punctualism in karyotype evolution. Thus, low underdominace of chromosomal rearrangements and/or prevalence of the recombination-suppression model over the hybrid-sterility model of chromosome speciation are the most common engines of the runaway chromosome number change observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa O Vershinina
- Department of Karyosystematics, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia.
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, 95064, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
| | - Vladimir A Lukhtanov
- Department of Karyosystematics, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia.
- Department of Entomology, St Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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6
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Effects of X-ray irradiation on different stages of Sesamia nonagrioides Lefebvre (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and DNA damage. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Sadílek D, Angus RB, Šťáhlavský F, Vilímová J. Comparison of different cytogenetic methods and tissue suitability for the study of chromosomes in Cimex lectularius (Heteroptera, Cimicidae). COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2016; 10:731-752. [PMID: 28123691 PMCID: PMC5240521 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v10i4.10681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In the article we summarize the most common recent cytogenetic methods used in analysis of karyotypes in Heteroptera. We seek to show the pros and cons of the spreading method compared with the traditional squashing method. We discuss the suitability of gonad, midgut and embryo tissue in Cimex lectularius Linnaeus, 1758 chromosome research and production of figures of whole mitosis and meiosis, using the spreading method. The hotplate spreading technique has many advantages in comparison with the squashing technique. Chromosomal slides prepared from the testes tissue gave the best results, tissues of eggs and midgut epithelium are not suitable. Metaphase II is the only division phase in which sex chromosomes can be clearly distinguished. Chromosome number determination is easy during metaphase I and metaphase II. Spreading of gonad tissue is a suitable method for the cytogenetic analysis of holokinetic chromosomes of Cimex lectularius.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sadílek
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, CZ-12844 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Robert B. Angus
- Department of Life Sciences (Entomology), The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - František Šťáhlavský
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, CZ-12844 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Vilímová
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, CZ-12844 Praha, Czech Republic
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8
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Vershinina AO, Anokhin BA, Lukhtanov VA. Ribosomal DNA clusters and telomeric (TTAGG)n repeats in blue butterflies (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) with low and high chromosome numbers. COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2015; 9:161-71. [PMID: 26140159 PMCID: PMC4488964 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v9i2.4715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomal DNA clusters and telomeric repeats are important parts of eukaryotic genome. However, little is known about their organization and localization in karyotypes of organisms with holocentric chromosomes. Here we present first cytogenetic study of these molecular structures in seven blue butterflies of the genus Polyommatus Latreille, 1804 with low and high chromosome numbers (from n=10 to n=ca.108) using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 18S rDNA and (TTAGG) n telomeric probes. FISH with the 18S rDNA probe showed the presence of two different variants of the location of major rDNA clusters in Polyommatus species: with one or two rDNA-carrying chromosomes in haploid karyotype. We discuss evolutionary trends and possible mechanisms of changes in the number of ribosomal clusters. We also demonstrate that Polyommatus species have the classical insect (TTAGG) n telomere organization. This chromosome end protection mechanism probably originated de novo in small chromosomes that evolved via fragmentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa O. Vershinina
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya emb. 1, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Boris A. Anokhin
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya emb. 1, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Lukhtanov
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya emb. 1, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Department of Entomology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb. 7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
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9
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Schneider MC, Mattos VF, Carvalho LS, Cella DM. Organization and behavior of the synaptonemal complex during achiasmatic meiosis of four buthid scorpions. Cytogenet Genome Res 2015; 144:341-7. [PMID: 25765094 DOI: 10.1159/000375388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular cells of 4 buthid scorpions, Rhopalurus agamemnon (2n = 28), R. rochai (2n = 28), Tityus bahiensis (2n = 6), and T. fasciolatus (2n = 14), which show different types of chromosomal configurations in meiosis I, were subjected to cellular microspreading in order to (1) obtain knowledge about the organization and behavior of the synaptonemal complex (SC), and (2) acquire data about the mechanisms responsible for inter- and intraindividual chromosomal variation within Buthidae. Ultrastructural analysis of microspread nuclei revealed SCs with a well-preserved structure until late substages of prophase I, but did not detect kinetochore plates and recombination nodules. Pachytene cells of R. agamemnon, R. rochai and T. bahiensis exhibited single and unsynapsed axes continuous with totally synapsed SCs, indicating the occurrence of heterozygous chromosomal rearrangements. Although chromosome chains were not observed in T. fasciolatus, the presence of gaps and interlocks points out that this species also carries heterozygous rearrangements, involving a small chromosome segment. Especially in R. rochai, the cellular microspreading analysis was useful to clarify the origin of inter- and intraindividual variation in the number of bivalent-like elements and in the number of chromosomes involved in multivalent associations. It was found that more chromosomes were involved in rearrangements than previously established through investigations using light microscopy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielle C Schneider
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, Brasil
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10
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Vershinina AO, Anokhin BA, Lukhtanov VA. Ribosomal DNA clusters and telomeric (TTAGG)n repeats in blue butterflies (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) with low and high chromosome numbers. COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2015; 9:161-171. [PMID: 26140159 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v.9i2.4751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomal DNA clusters and telomeric repeats are important parts of eukaryotic genome. However, little is known about their organization and localization in karyotypes of organisms with holocentric chromosomes. Here we present first cytogenetic study of these molecular structures in seven blue butterflies of the genus Polyommatus Latreille, 1804 with low and high chromosome numbers (from n=10 to n=ca.108) using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 18S rDNA and (TTAGG) n telomeric probes. FISH with the 18S rDNA probe showed the presence of two different variants of the location of major rDNA clusters in Polyommatus species: with one or two rDNA-carrying chromosomes in haploid karyotype. We discuss evolutionary trends and possible mechanisms of changes in the number of ribosomal clusters. We also demonstrate that Polyommatus species have the classical insect (TTAGG) n telomere organization. This chromosome end protection mechanism probably originated de novo in small chromosomes that evolved via fragmentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa O Vershinina
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya emb. 1, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Boris A Anokhin
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya emb. 1, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Lukhtanov
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya emb. 1, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia ; Department of Entomology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb. 7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
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Drinnenberg IA, deYoung D, Henikoff S, Malik HS. Recurrent loss of CenH3 is associated with independent transitions to holocentricity in insects. eLife 2014; 3. [PMID: 25247700 DOI: 10.7554/elife.03676.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Faithful chromosome segregation in all eukaryotes relies on centromeres, the chromosomal sites that recruit kinetochore proteins and mediate spindle attachment during cell division. The centromeric histone H3 variant, CenH3, is the defining chromatin component of centromeres in most eukaryotes, including animals, fungi, plants, and protists. In this study, using detailed genomic and transcriptome analyses, we show that CenH3 was lost independently in at least four lineages of insects. Each of these lineages represents an independent transition from monocentricity (centromeric determinants localized to a single chromosomal region) to holocentricity (centromeric determinants extended over the entire chromosomal length) as ancient as 300 million years ago. Holocentric insects therefore contain a CenH3-independent centromere, different from almost all the other eukaryotes. We propose that ancient transitions to holocentricity in insects obviated the need to maintain CenH3, which is otherwise essential in most eukaryotes, including other holocentrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines A Drinnenberg
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
| | - Dakota deYoung
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Steven Henikoff
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
| | - Harmit Singh Malik
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
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12
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Drinnenberg IA, deYoung D, Henikoff S, Malik HS. Recurrent loss of CenH3 is associated with independent transitions to holocentricity in insects. eLife 2014; 3:e03676. [PMID: 25247700 PMCID: PMC4359364 DOI: 10.7554/elife.03676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Faithful chromosome segregation in all eukaryotes relies on centromeres, the chromosomal sites that recruit kinetochore proteins and mediate spindle attachment during cell division. The centromeric histone H3 variant, CenH3, is the defining chromatin component of centromeres in most eukaryotes, including animals, fungi, plants, and protists. In this study, using detailed genomic and transcriptome analyses, we show that CenH3 was lost independently in at least four lineages of insects. Each of these lineages represents an independent transition from monocentricity (centromeric determinants localized to a single chromosomal region) to holocentricity (centromeric determinants extended over the entire chromosomal length) as ancient as 300 million years ago. Holocentric insects therefore contain a CenH3-independent centromere, different from almost all the other eukaryotes. We propose that ancient transitions to holocentricity in insects obviated the need to maintain CenH3, which is otherwise essential in most eukaryotes, including other holocentrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines A Drinnenberg
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
| | - Dakota deYoung
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Steven Henikoff
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
| | - Harmit Singh Malik
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
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13
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Dincă V, Runquist M, Nilsson M, Vila R. Dispersal, fragmentation, and isolation shape the phylogeography of the European lineages ofPolyommatus(Agrodiaetus)ripartii(Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra); Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37; 08003; Barcelona; Spain
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14
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Evolutionary dynamics of rDNA clusters on chromosomes of moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera). Genetica 2009; 138:343-354. [PMID: 19921441 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-009-9424-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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15
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Brown KS, Freitas AVL, Wahlberg N, Von Schoultz B, Saura AO, Saura A. Chromosomal evolution in the South American Nymphalidae. Hereditas 2007; 144:137-48. [PMID: 17850598 DOI: 10.1111/j.2007.0018-0661.02015.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We give the chromosome numbers of about 80 species or subspecies of Biblidinae as well as of numbers of neotropical Libytheinae (one species), Cyrestinae (4) Apaturinae (7), Nymphalinae (about 40), Limenitidinae (16) and Heliconiinae (11). Libytheana has about n=32, the Biblidinae, Apaturinae and Nymphalinae have in general n=31, the Limenitidinae have n=30, the few Argynnini n=31 and the few species of Acraeni studied have also mostly n=31. The results agree with earlier data from the Afrotropical species of these taxa. We supplement these data with our earlier observations on Heliconiini, Danainae and the Neotropical Satyroid taxa. The lepidopteran modal n=29-31 represents clearly the ancestral condition among the Nymphalidae, from which taxa with various chromosome numbers have differentiated. The overall results show that Neotropical taxa have a tendency to evolve karyotype instability, which is in stark contrast to the otherwise stable chromosome numbers that characterize both Lepidoptera and Trichoptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith S Brown
- Museu de História Natural and Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kandul NP, Lukhtanov VA, Dantchenko AV, Coleman JWS, Sekercioglu CH, Haig D, Pierce NE. Phylogeny of Agrodiaetus Hübner 1822 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) inferred from mtDNA sequences of COI and COII and nuclear sequences of EF1-alpha: karyotype diversification and species radiation. Syst Biol 2004; 53:278-98. [PMID: 15205053 DOI: 10.1080/10635150490423692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Butterflies in the large Palearctic genus Agrodiaetus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) are extremely uniform and exhibit few distinguishing morphological characters. However, these insects are distinctive in one respect: as a group they possess among the greatest interspecific karyotype diversity in the animal kingdom, with chromosome numbers (n) ranging from 10 to 125. The monophyly of Agrodiaetus and its systematic position relative to other groups within the section Polyommatus have been controversial. Characters from the mitochondrial genes for cytochrome oxidases I and II and from the nuclear gene for elongation factor 1 alpha were used to reconstruct the phylogeny of Agrodiaetus using maximum parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic methods. Ninety-one individuals, encompassing most of the taxonomic diversity of Agrodiaetus, and representatives of 14 related genera were included in this analysis. Our data indicate that Agrodiaetus is monophyletic. Representatives of the genus Polyommatus (sensu stricto) are the closest relatives. The sequences of the Agrodiaetus taxa in this analysis are tentatively arranged into 12 clades, only 1 of which corresponds to a species group traditionally recognized in Agrodiaetus. Heterogeneous substitution rates across a recovered topology were homogenized with a nonparametric rate-smoothing algorithm before the application of a molecular clock. Two published estimates of substitution rates dated the origin of Agrodiaetus between 2.51 and 3.85 million years ago. During this time, there was heterogeneity in the rate and direction of karyotype evolution among lineages within the genus. Karyotype instability has evolved independently three times in the section Polyommatus, within the lineages Agrodiaetus, Lysandra, and Plebicula. Rapid karyotype diversification may have played a significant role in the radiation of the genus Agrodiaetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai P Kandul
- Department of Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
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Cook LG. Extraordinary and extensive karyotypic variation: A 48-fold range in chromosome number in the gall-inducing scale insect Apiomorpha (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae). Genome 2000. [DOI: 10.1139/g99-121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome number reflects strong constraints on karyotype evolution, unescaped by the majority of animal taxa. Although there is commonly chromosomal polymorphism among closely related taxa, very large differences in chromosome number are rare. This study reports one of the most extensive chromosomal ranges yet reported for an animal genus. Apiomorpha Rübsaamen (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae), an endemic Australian gall-inducing scale insect genus, exhibits an extraordinary 48-fold variation in chromosome number with diploid numbers ranging from 4 to about 192. Diploid complements of all other eriococcids examined to date range only from 6 to 28. Closely related species of Apiomorpha usually have very different karyotypes, to the extent that the variation within some species- groups is as great as that across the entire genus. There is extensive chromosomal variation among populations within 17 of the morphologically defined species of Apiomorpha indicating the existence of cryptic species-complexes. The extent and pattern of karyotypic variation suggests rapid chromosomal evolution via fissions and (or) fusions. It is hypothesized that chromosomal rearrangements in Apiomorpha species may be associated with these insects' tracking the radiation of their speciose host genus, Eucalyptus. Key words: Apiomorpha, cytogenetics, chromosomal evolution, holocentric.
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