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Bruneau A, de Queiroz LP, Ringelberg JJ, Borges LM, Bortoluzzi RLDC, Brown GK, Cardoso DBOS, Clark RP, Conceição ADS, Cota MMT, Demeulenaere E, de Stefano RD, Ebinger JE, Ferm J, Fonseca-Cortés A, Gagnon E, Grether R, Guerra E, Haston E, Herendeen PS, Hernández HM, Hopkins HCF, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Hughes CE, Ickert-Bond SM, Iganci J, Koenen EJM, Lewis GP, de Lima HC, de Lima AG, Luckow M, Marazzi B, Maslin BR, Morales M, Morim MP, Murphy DJ, O’Donnell SA, Oliveira FG, Oliveira ACDS, Rando JG, Ribeiro PG, Ribeiro CL, Santos FDS, Seigler DS, da Silva GS, Simon MF, Soares MVB, Terra V. Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae. Part 2: Higher-level classification. PHYTOKEYS 2024; 240:1-552. [PMID: 38912426 PMCID: PMC11188994 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Caesalpinioideae is the second largest subfamily of legumes (Leguminosae) with ca. 4680 species and 163 genera. It is an ecologically and economically important group formed of mostly woody perennials that range from large canopy emergent trees to functionally herbaceous geoxyles, lianas and shrubs, and which has a global distribution, occurring on every continent except Antarctica. Following the recent re-circumscription of 15 Caesalpinioideae genera as presented in Advances in Legume Systematics 14, Part 1, and using as a basis a phylogenomic analysis of 997 nuclear gene sequences for 420 species and all but five of the genera currently recognised in the subfamily, we present a new higher-level classification for the subfamily. The new classification of Caesalpinioideae comprises eleven tribes, all of which are either new, reinstated or re-circumscribed at this rank: Caesalpinieae Rchb. (27 genera / ca. 223 species), Campsiandreae LPWG (2 / 5-22), Cassieae Bronn (7 / 695), Ceratonieae Rchb. (4 / 6), Dimorphandreae Benth. (4 / 35), Erythrophleeae LPWG (2 /13), Gleditsieae Nakai (3 / 20), Mimoseae Bronn (100 / ca. 3510), Pterogyneae LPWG (1 / 1), Schizolobieae Nakai (8 / 42-43), Sclerolobieae Benth. & Hook. f. (5 / ca. 113). Although many of these lineages have been recognised and named in the past, either as tribes or informal generic groups, their circumscriptions have varied widely and changed over the past decades, such that all the tribes described here differ in generic membership from those previously recognised. Importantly, the approximately 3500 species and 100 genera of the former subfamily Mimosoideae are now placed in the reinstated, but newly circumscribed, tribe Mimoseae. Because of the large size and ecological importance of the tribe, we also provide a clade-based classification system for Mimoseae that includes 17 named lower-level clades. Fourteen of the 100 Mimoseae genera remain unplaced in these lower-level clades: eight are resolved in two grades and six are phylogenetically isolated monogeneric lineages. In addition to the new classification, we provide a key to genera, morphological descriptions and notes for all 163 genera, all tribes, and all named clades. The diversity of growth forms, foliage, flowers and fruits are illustrated for all genera, and for each genus we also provide a distribution map, based on quality-controlled herbarium specimen localities. A glossary for specialised terms used in legume morphology is provided. This new phylogenetically based classification of Caesalpinioideae provides a solid system for communication and a framework for downstream analyses of biogeography, trait evolution and diversification, as well as for taxonomic revision of still understudied genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bruneau
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de Sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke E., Montreal (QC) H1X 2B2, CanadaUniversité de MontréalMontrealCanada
| | - Luciano Paganucci de Queiroz
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Transnordestina s/n, Campus, Novo Horizonte. 44036-900, Feira de Santana, BA, BrazilUniversidade Estadual de Feira de SantanaFeira de SantanaBrazil
| | - Jens J. Ringelberg
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, SwitzerlandUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Old College, South Bridge, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UKUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Leonardo M. Borges
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Botânica, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São CarlosSão CarlosBrazil
| | - Roseli Lopes da Costa Bortoluzzi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Avenida Luiz de Camões 2090, 88520-000, Lages, Santa Catarina, BrazilUniversidade do Estado de Santa CatarinaSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | - Gillian K. Brown
- Queensland Herbarium and Biodiversity Science, Department of Environment and Science, Toowong, Queensland, 4066, AustraliaQueensland Herbarium and Biodiversity ScienceToowongAustralia
| | - Domingos B. O. S. Cardoso
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Pacheco Leão 915, 22460-030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilInstituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Evolução (PPGBioEvo), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Bahia (UFBA), Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s.n., Ondina, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, BrazilUniversidade Federal de BahiaSalvadorBrazil
| | - Ruth P. Clark
- Accelerated Taxonomy Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UKRoyal Botanic GardensRichmondUnited Kingdom
| | - Adilva de Souza Conceição
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Diversidade Vegetal, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Herbário HUNEB, Campus VIII, Rua do Gangorra 503, 48608-240, Paulo Afonso, Bahia, BrazilUniversidade do Estado da BahiaBahiaBrazil
| | - Matheus Martins Teixeira Cota
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Transnordestina s/n, Campus, Novo Horizonte. 44036-900, Feira de Santana, BA, BrazilUniversidade Estadual de Feira de SantanaFeira de SantanaBrazil
| | - Else Demeulenaere
- Center for Island Sustainability and Sea Grant, University of Guam, UOG Station, Mangilao, 96923, GuamUniversity of GuamMangilaoGuam
| | - Rodrigo Duno de Stefano
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Chuburná de Hidalgo; CP 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, MexicoCentro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C.MéridaMexico
| | - John E. Ebinger
- Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920, USAEastern Illinois UniversityCharlestonUnited States of America
| | - Julia Ferm
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, 10691, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Andrés Fonseca-Cortés
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Transnordestina s/n, Campus, Novo Horizonte. 44036-900, Feira de Santana, BA, BrazilUniversidade Estadual de Feira de SantanaFeira de SantanaBrazil
| | - Edeline Gagnon
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph (ON) N1G 2W1, CanadaRoyal Botanic Garden EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- Chair of Phytopathology, Technical University Munich, 85354 Freising, GermanyUniversity of GuelphGuelphCanada
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, UKTechnical University MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Rosaura Grether
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Apdo. Postal 55-535, 09340 Ciudad de México, MexicoUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana-IztapalapaCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Ethiéne Guerra
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Bloco IV - Prédio 43433, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | - Elspeth Haston
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, UKTechnical University MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Patrick S. Herendeen
- Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe, IL 60022, USAChicago Botanic GardenGlencoeUnited States of America
| | - Héctor M. Hernández
- Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, MexicoUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Helen C. F. Hopkins
- Accelerated Taxonomy Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UKRoyal Botanic GardensRichmondUnited Kingdom
| | - Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco
- Herbario Alwyn Gentry (HAG), Universidad Nacional Amazónica de Madre de Dios (UNAMAD), AV. Jorge Chávez N°1160, Madre de Dios, PeruUniversidad Nacional Amazónica de Madre de DiosMadre de DiosPeru
| | - Colin E. Hughes
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, SwitzerlandUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Stefanie M. Ickert-Bond
- Department of Biology & Wildlife & Herbarium (ALA) at the University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Fairbanks, P.O. Box 756960, Fairbanks AK 99775-6960, USAUniversity of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksUnited States of America
| | - João Iganci
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Bloco IV - Prédio 43433, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisiologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Instituto de Biologia, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, Passeio André Dreyfus, Departamento de Botânica, Prédio 21, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 96010-900, BrazilUniversidade Federal de PelotasPelotasBrazil
| | - Erik J. M. Koenen
- Evolutionary Biology & Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculté des Sciences, Campus du Solbosch - CP 160/12, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50, 1050 Bruxelles, BelgiumUniversité Libre de BruxellesBruxellesBelgium
| | - Gwilym P. Lewis
- Accelerated Taxonomy Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UKRoyal Botanic GardensRichmondUnited Kingdom
| | - Haroldo Cavalcante de Lima
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Pacheco Leão 915, 22460-030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilInstituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica / INMA-MCTI, Av. José Ruschi, 4, Centro, 29650-000, Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, BrazilInstituto Nacional da Mata AtlânticaSanta TeresaBrazil
| | - Alexandre Gibau de Lima
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Pacheco Leão 915, 22460-030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilInstituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Melissa Luckow
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, 215 Garden Avenue, Roberts Hall 260, Ithaca, NY 14853, USACornell UniversityIthacaUnited States of America
| | - Brigitte Marazzi
- Natural History Museum of Canton Ticino, Viale C. Cattaneo 4, 6900 Lugano, SwitzerlandNatural History Museum of Canton TicinoLuganoSwitzerland
| | - Bruce R. Maslin
- Western Australian Herbarium, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Western Australia, 6983, AustraliaWestern Australian HerbariumBentley Delivery CentreAustralia
- Singapore Herbarium, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore, SingaporeSingapore HerbariumSingaporeSingapore
| | - Matías Morales
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, CIRN–CNIA, INTA. N. Repetto & Los Reseros s.n., Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaInstituto de Recursos BiológicosBuenos AiresArgentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, ArgentinaConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasCiudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Marli Pires Morim
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Pacheco Leão 915, 22460-030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilInstituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Daniel J. Murphy
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, AustraliaRoyal Botanic Gardens VictoriaVictoriaAustralia
| | - Shawn A. O’Donnell
- Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UKNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Filipe Gomes Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Transnordestina s/n, Campus, Novo Horizonte. 44036-900, Feira de Santana, BA, BrazilUniversidade Estadual de Feira de SantanaFeira de SantanaBrazil
| | - Ana Carla da Silva Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Transnordestina s/n, Campus, Novo Horizonte. 44036-900, Feira de Santana, BA, BrazilUniversidade Estadual de Feira de SantanaFeira de SantanaBrazil
| | - Juliana Gastaldello Rando
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Rua Professor José Seabra Lemos 316, 47800-021, Barreiras, Bahia, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Oeste da BahiaBarreirasBrazil
| | - Pétala Gomes Ribeiro
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Transnordestina s/n, Campus, Novo Horizonte. 44036-900, Feira de Santana, BA, BrazilUniversidade Estadual de Feira de SantanaFeira de SantanaBrazil
| | - Carolina Lima Ribeiro
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Transnordestina s/n, Campus, Novo Horizonte. 44036-900, Feira de Santana, BA, BrazilUniversidade Estadual de Feira de SantanaFeira de SantanaBrazil
| | - Felipe da Silva Santos
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Transnordestina s/n, Campus, Novo Horizonte. 44036-900, Feira de Santana, BA, BrazilUniversidade Estadual de Feira de SantanaFeira de SantanaBrazil
| | - David S. Seigler
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USAUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaUnited States of America
| | - Guilherme Sousa da Silva
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, 13083-876, São Paulo/SP, BrazilUniversidade Estadual de CampinasSão PauloBrazil
| | - Marcelo F. Simon
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa) Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, Caixa Postal 02372, 70770-917, Brasília/DF, BrazilEmpresa Brasileira de Pesquisa AgropecuáriaBrasíliaBrazil
| | - Marcos Vinícius Batista Soares
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Bloco IV - Prédio 43433, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | - Vanessa Terra
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria/RS, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Santa MariaSanta MariaBrazil
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Kamdem NG, Sergeant S, Vercruysse C, Deblauwe V, Sonké B, Hardy OJ. Development and characterization of nuclear microsatellite markers for the African walnut Coula edulis Baill (Coulaceae). Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:438. [PMID: 38520482 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09373-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Coula edulis Baill (Coulaceae) is a common tree species in the Guineo-Congolian forests producing an edible fruit known as African walnut, which is an important food and income resource for rural populations. However, the species suffers from a deficit of natural regeneration. We developed here nuclear microsatellite markers for C. edulis to be able to study the genetic structure of its natural populations and gene flow. METHODS AND RESULTS A genomic library was obtained using the Illumina platform, and 21 polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed. The polymorphic microsatellites displayed eight to 22 alleles per locus (average: 14.2), with a mean expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.33 to 0.72 in five populations from Central and West Africa. CONCLUSIONS The high polymorphism of the nuclear microsatellite markers developed makes them useful to investigate gene flow and the organization of genetic diversity in C. edulis, and to assess whether particular genetic resources require conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narcisse Guy Kamdem
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Unit, CP 160/12, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Av. F. D. Roosevelt 50, Brussels, B-1050, Belgium.
- Laboratoire de Botanique Systématique et d'Ecologie, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université de Yaoundé I, B.P. 047, Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Saskia Sergeant
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Unit, CP 160/12, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Av. F. D. Roosevelt 50, Brussels, B-1050, Belgium
| | - Camille Vercruysse
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Unit, CP 160/12, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Av. F. D. Roosevelt 50, Brussels, B-1050, Belgium
| | - Vincent Deblauwe
- Center for Tropical Research (CTR), Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Bonaventure Sonké
- Laboratoire de Botanique Systématique et d'Ecologie, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université de Yaoundé I, B.P. 047, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Olivier J Hardy
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Unit, CP 160/12, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Av. F. D. Roosevelt 50, Brussels, B-1050, Belgium
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Miguel-Peñaloza A, Cultid-Medina CA, Pérez-Alquicira J, Rico Y. Do habitat fragmentation and degradation influence the strength of fine-scale spatial genetic structure in plants? A global meta-analysis. AOB PLANTS 2023; 15:plad019. [PMID: 37214225 PMCID: PMC10198778 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plad019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
As primarily sessile organisms, plants often show a non-random spatial distribution of genotypes over distance. This process known as fine-scale spatial genetic structure (FSGS) has been suggested through systematic reviews to depend on life form, mating system, and pollen and seed dispersal vectors, while there is no consensus on its behaviour due to external factors, such as anthropogenic habitat changes. By conducting a systematic review and global meta-analysis of empirical FSGS studies, we aimed to evaluate how anthropogenic habitat fragmentation and degradation influence the strength of FSGS in plant populations by means of the Sp statistic. Moreover, we tested how pollination and seed dispersal vectors contribute to the variation of the Sp statistic. We retrieved 243 FSGS studies from 1960 to 2020 of which only 65 were informative for the systematic review. Most empirical studies comprised outcrossers (84%) and trees (67%), with few herbs (23%) and scarce annual species (2%). In weighted meta-analyses for 116 plant populations (31 studies), we did not detect significant effects in the magnitude of effect sizes for the Sp statistic among undisturbed, degraded and fragmented habitats. Results showed significant effects for seed dispersal vectors, but not for pollination. Overall, we observed high variation among the effect sizes (not related to the goodness-of-fit of mixed models) of habitat status, pollination and seed dispersal categories, which precludes identifying biological trends on the Sp statistic. More empirical studies are needed that contrast multiple plant populations in disturbed versus undisturbed habitats, and by increasing the taxonomic groups, such as herbs and annual plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ara Miguel-Peñaloza
- Instituto de Ecología A.C., Red de Diversidad Biológica del Occidente Mexicano, Centro Regional del Bajío, Pátzcuaro, Michoacán 61600, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Cultid-Medina
- Instituto de Ecología A.C., Red de Diversidad Biológica del Occidente Mexicano, Centro Regional del Bajío, Pátzcuaro, Michoacán 61600, Mexico
- CONAHCYT, Ciudad de México 03940, México
| | - Jessica Pérez-Alquicira
- CONAHCYT, Ciudad de México 03940, México
- Laboratorio Nacional de Identificación y Caracterización Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco 45200, Mexico
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Escobar S, Vigouroux Y, Karubian J, Zekraoui L, Balslev H, Montúfar R. Limited seed dispersal shapes fine‐scale spatial genetic structure in a Neotropical dioecious large‐seeded palm. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Escobar
- Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente, y Salud Universidad de Las Américas Quito Ecuador
| | - Yves Vigouroux
- Diversité, Adaptation, Développement des Plantes Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, University of Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Jordan Karubian
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Tulane University New Orleans USA
| | - Leila Zekraoui
- Diversité, Adaptation, Développement des Plantes Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, University of Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Henrik Balslev
- Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Rommel Montúfar
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Quito Ecuador
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Landscape barriers to pollen and seed flow in the dioecious tropical tree Astronium fraxinifolium in Brazilian savannah. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255275. [PMID: 34339479 PMCID: PMC8336915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene flow studies provide information on gene exchange between populations, which
is essential for developing genetic conservation strategies. Such analyses
enable a better understanding of the life history and seed and pollen dispersal
mechanisms of plant species. In this study, we investigate pollen and seed flow
in a regenerant population of the pioneer species Astronium
fraxinifolium in an area degraded during the construction of a
hydroelectric dam. We mapped, sampled, sexed, and genotyped 386 individuals in
the regenerant population (RP), as well as 128 adult trees located along two
highways adjacent to the degraded area; one in Mato Grosso do Sul State (MS) and
other in São Paulo State (SP). Parentage analyses was carried out for 370
individuals of the RP population, using as putative parents 348 individuals from
RP and all 128 individuals sampled in MS and SP. Based on parentage analysis and
eight microsatellite loci, our analyses revealed that for individuals of the RP
with an identified father (pollen donor), 1.1% of the pollen was dispersed up to
532 m, while for those with an identified mother (seed donor), 0.5% of seeds
were dispersed up to 4,782 m. However, a large proportion of pollen (76.5%) and
seeds (57%) immigrated from trees outside the sampled populations. Pollen and
seeds were dispersed through a pattern of isolation by distance. Genetic
diversity was significantly similar between adults of both highway populations
and individuals from RP, with significant levels of inbreeding detected only in
RP. Our results demonstrate that the nearest trees contributed pollen and seeds
for the recovery of the degraded area, indicating reproductive spatial isolation
among the sampled populations due to the damming of the river. Such results help
to understand the process of regeneration for A.
fraxinifolium in regenerant populations to inform
strategies for conservation and environmental recovery with this species.
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Fu Q, Deng J, Chen M, Zhong Y, Lu GH, Wang YQ. Population genetic structure and connectivity of a riparian selfing herb Caulokaempferia coenobialis at a fine-scale geographic level in subtropical monsoon forest. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:329. [PMID: 34238223 PMCID: PMC8265151 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rivers and streams facilitate movement of individuals and their genes across the landscape and are generally recognized as dispersal corridors for riparian plants. Nevertheless, some authors have reported directly contrasting results, which may be attributed to a complex mixture of factors, such as the mating system and dispersal mechanisms of propagules (seed and pollen), that make it difficult to predict the genetic diversity and population structure of riparian species. Here, we investigated a riparian self-fertilizing herb Caulokaempferia coenobialis, which does not use anemochory or zoochory for seed dispersal; such studies could contribute to an improved understanding of the effect of rivers or streams on population genetic diversity and structure in riparian plants. Using polymorphic ISSR and cpDNA loci, we studied the effect at a microgeographic scale of different stream systems (a linear stream, a dendritic stream, and complex transverse hydrological system) in subtropical monsoon forest on the genetic structure and connectivity of C. coenobialis populations across Dinghu Mountain (DH) and Nankun Mountain (NK). RESULTS The results indicate that the most recent haplotypes (DH: H7, H8; NK: h6, h7, h11, h12) are not shared among local populations of C. coenobialis within each stream system. Furthermore, downstream local populations do not accumulate genetic diversity, whether in the linear streamside local populations across DH (H: 0.091 vs 0.136) or the dendritic streamside local populations across NK (H: 0.079 vs 0.112, 0.110). Our results show that the connectivity of local C. coenobialis populations across DH and NK can be attributed to historical gene flows, resulting in a lack of spatial genetic structure, despite self-fertilization. Selfing C. coenobialis can maintain high genetic diversity (H = 0.251; I = 0.382) through genetic differentiation (GST = 0.5915; FST = 0.663), which is intensified by local adaptation and neutral mutation and/or genetic drift in local populations at a microgeographic scale. CONCLUSION We suggest that streams are not acting as corridors for dispersal of C. coenobialis, and conservation strategies for maintaining genetic diversity of selfing species should be focused on the protection of all habitat types, especially isolated fragments in ecosystem processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Hui Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Qiang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
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7
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González-Robles A, García C, Salido T, Manzaneda AJ, Rey PJ. Extensive pollen-mediated gene flow across intensively managed landscapes in an insect-pollinated shrub native to semiarid habitats. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:3408-3421. [PMID: 33966307 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Our knowledge of the impact of landscape fragmentation on gene flow patterns is mainly drawn from tropical and temperate ecosystems, where landscape features, such as the distance of a tree to the forest edge, drive connectivity and mating patterns. Yet, the structure of arid and semiarid plant communities - with open canopies and a scattered distribution of trees - differs greatly from those that are well-characterized in the literature. As a result, we ignore whether the documented consequences of landscape fragmentation on plant mating and gene flow patterns also hold for native plant communities in arid and semiarid regions. We investigated the relative contribution of plant traits, pollinator activity, and individual neighbourhood in explaining variation in mating and gene flow patterns of an insect-pollinated semiarid arborescent shrub, Ziziphus lotus, at three sites embedded in highly altered agriculture landscapes. We used 14 SSRs, seed paternity analyses, and individual mixed effect mating models (MEMMi) to estimate the individual mating variables and the pollen dispersal kernel at each site. Individual spatial location, flower density, and floral visitation rate explained most of the variation of mating variables. Unexpectedly, individual correlated paternity was very low and shrubs surrounded by the most degraded matrix exhibited an increased fraction of pollen immigration and a high effective number of pollen donors per mother shrub. Overall, our results reveal that an active pollinator assemblage ensures highly efficient mating, and maintains pollen-mediated gene flow and notable connectivity levels, even in highly altered landscapes, potentially halting genetic isolation within and between distant sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana González-Robles
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Cristina García
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behaviour, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Plant Biology, CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Teresa Salido
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain.,Instituto Interuniversitario del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía (IISTA-UJA), Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonio J Manzaneda
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain.,Instituto Interuniversitario del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía (IISTA-UJA), Jaén, Spain
| | - Pedro J Rey
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain.,Instituto Interuniversitario del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía (IISTA-UJA), Jaén, Spain
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8
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Vanden Abeele S, Janssens SB, Piñeiro R, Hardy OJ. Evidence of past forest fragmentation in the Congo Basin from the phylogeography of a shade-tolerant tree with limited seed dispersal: Scorodophloeus zenkeri (Fabaceae, Detarioideae). BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:50. [PMID: 33784979 PMCID: PMC8011194 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comparative phylogeographic studies on rainforest species that are widespread in Central Africa often reveal genetic discontinuities within and between biogeographic regions, indicating (historical) barriers to gene flow, possibly due to repeated and/or long-lasting population fragmentation during glacial periods according to the forest refuge hypothesis. The impact of forest fragmentation seems to be modulated by the ecological amplitude and dispersal capacities of each species, resulting in different demographic histories. Moreover, while multiple studies investigated the western part of Central Africa (Lower Guinea), few have sufficiently sampled the heart of the Congo Basin (Congolia). In this study, we look for genetic discontinuities between populations of the widespread tropical tree Scorodophloeus zenkeri Harms (Fabaceae, Detarioideae) in Central Africa. Additionally, we characterize genetic diversity, selfing rate and fine-scale spatial genetic structure within populations to estimate the gene dispersal capacity of the species. RESULTS Clear intraspecific genetic discontinuities occur throughout the species' distribution range, with two genetic clusters in Congolia and four in Lower Guinea, and highest differentiation occurring between these bioregions. Genetic diversity is higher in Lower Guinea than Congolia. A spatial genetic structure characteristic of isolation by distance occurs within the genetic clusters. This allowed us to estimate gene dispersal distances (σg) for this outcrossing species with ballistic seed dispersal, which range between 100 and 250 m in areas where S. zenkeri occurs in high densities, and are in the low range of σg values compared to other tropical trees. Gene dispersal distances are larger in low density populations, probably due to extensive pollen dispersal capacity. CONCLUSIONS Fragmentation of S. zenkeri populations seems to have occurred not only in Lower Guinea but also in the Congo Basin, though not necessarily according to previously postulated forest refuge areas. The lower genetic diversity in Congolia compared to Lower Guinea parallels the known gradient of species diversity, possibly reflecting a stronger impact of past climate changes on the forest cover in Congolia. Despite its bisexual flowers, S. zenkeri appears to be mostly outcrossing. The limited dispersal observed in this species implies that genetic discontinuities resulting from past forest fragmentation can persist for a long time before being erased by gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Vanden Abeele
- Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860, Meise, Belgium.
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Faculté Des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Av. F.D. Roosevelt 50, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
- School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Section of Plant Biology and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Steven B Janssens
- Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860, Meise, Belgium
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rosalía Piñeiro
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Laver Building, North Park Road, Exeter, EX4 4QE, UK
| | - Olivier J Hardy
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Faculté Des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Av. F.D. Roosevelt 50, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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9
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Huang K, Huber G, Ritland K, Dunn DW, Li B. Performing parentage analysis for polysomic inheritances based on allelic phenotypes. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 11:6080682. [PMID: 33585871 PMCID: PMC8022955 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkaa064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Polyploidy poses several problems for parentage analysis. We present a new polysomic inheritance model for parentage analysis based on genotypes or allelic phenotypes to solve these problems. The effects of five factors are simultaneously accommodated in this model: (1) double-reduction, (2) null alleles, (3) negative amplification, (4) genotyping errors and (5) self-fertilization. To solve genotyping ambiguity (unknown allele dosage), we developed a new method to establish the likelihood formulas for allelic phenotype data and to simultaneously include the effects of our five chosen factors. We then evaluated and compared the performance of our new method with three established methods by using both simulated data and empirical data from the cultivated blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum). We also developed and compared the performance of two additional estimators to estimate the genotyping error rate and the sample rate. We make our new methods freely available in the software package polygene, at http://github.com/huangkang1987/polygene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Huang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.,Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Gwendolyn Huber
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Kermit Ritland
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Derek W Dunn
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Baoguo Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
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10
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Spadeto MS, Maciel TL, Carrijo TT, Ferreira MFDS, Fontes MMP. Assessing the genetic diversity of Myrsine umbellata (Primulaceae) in Brazilian Atlantic Forest remnants - an important step towards reforestation efforts. RODRIGUÉSIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202172008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The investigation of genetic diversity in natural populations of species that show potential for use in reforestation programs is a key step in making management decisions. However, reforestation programs with native species in Brazil are still rarely based on a genetic understanding of the seed matrices used for seedling production. This is also the case for Myrsine umbellata, a dioecious shrub within the family Primulaceae that has been used in reforestation programs in Brazil, mainly due to its high production capacity of fruits attractive to the avifauna. The goal of this study was to measure intra- and interpopulational genetic diversity in natural populations of M. umbellata in six forest remnants of the Atlantic Forest using ISSR markers. The results revealed that the intrapopulational genetic diversity was greater than the genetic diversity among the studied populations. For this reason, the cultivation of seedlings from seeds obtained in more than one population seems the most appropriate strategy for reforestation purposes. Even though the most isolated populations are also the ones with highest genetic structure, all populations of M. umbellata included in this study revealed to be an important germplasm bank conserved in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheli Sossai Spadeto
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Thais Lazarino Maciel
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Tavares Carrijo
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil
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11
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Lompo D, Vinceti B, Konrad H, Duminil J, Geburek T. Fine-scale spatial genetic structure, mating, and gene dispersal patterns in Parkia biglobosa populations with different levels of habitat fragmentation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2020; 107:1041-1053. [PMID: 32638366 PMCID: PMC7496244 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE A good understanding of genetic variation and gene dispersal in tree populations is crucial for their sustainable management, particularly in a context of rapid environmental changes. West African Sudanian savannahs are being fragmented and degraded, partly due to expansion of crop cultivation and monocultures that reduce tree density and may impact pollinators. The population dynamics of important indigenous trees could also be affected. We investigated the influence of habitat fragmentation on patterns of genetic diversity and gene dispersal of a key Sudanian agroforestry tree species, Parkia biglobosa. METHODS Using 10 highly polymorphic nuclear microsatellites, we genotyped 2475 samples from reproductive trees, seedlings, and embryos in four tree populations presenting different levels of habitat fragmentation. RESULTS Parkia biglobosa presented similar high genetic diversity across the four populations studied. Genetic diversity and inbreeding were similar between adults and embryo cohorts. In all four populations, the selfing rate was less than 1%. The effective number of pollen donors per tree was high (NEP ~ 18-22), as was the pollen immigration rate (from 34 to 74%). Pollen dispersal was characterized by a fat-tailed distribution with mean estimates exceeding 200 m. In three populations, stem diameter had a pronounced effect on male reproductive success. Here, the highest male reproductive success was observed in trees with a diameter at breast height between 60 and 75 cm. CONCLUSIONS At the scale analyzed, fragmentation does not seem to pose limitations to gene flow in any of the sites investigated, regardless of the landscape configuration associated with the different tree stands. The study provides useful insights on the reproductive biology of an important tree species in the West African savannahs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djingdia Lompo
- Centre National de Semences Forestières01 BP 2682Ouagadougou 01Burkina Faso
- Department of Forest GeneticsAustrian Research and Training Centre for ForestsSeckendorff‐Gudent‐Weg 81131ViennaAustria
| | - Barbara Vinceti
- Bioversity InternationalViale Tre Denari 47200054MaccareseRomeItaly
| | - Heino Konrad
- Department of Forest GeneticsAustrian Research and Training Centre for ForestsSeckendorff‐Gudent‐Weg 81131ViennaAustria
| | - Jérôme Duminil
- Bioversity InternationalViale Tre Denari 47200054MaccareseRomeItaly
- UMR‐DIADEInstitut de Recherche pour le DéveloppementUniv. MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- Service Evolution Biologique et Ecologie, CP160 ⁄ 12Faculté des SciencesUniversité Libre de Bruxelles50 Av. F. Roosevelt1050BrusselsBelgium
| | - Thomas Geburek
- Department of Forest GeneticsAustrian Research and Training Centre for ForestsSeckendorff‐Gudent‐Weg 81131ViennaAustria
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12
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Ismail SA, Kokko H. An analysis of mating biases in trees. Mol Ecol 2019; 29:184-198. [PMID: 31755136 PMCID: PMC7003921 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Assortative mating is a deviation from random mating based on phenotypic similarity. As it is much better studied in animals than in plants, we investigate for trees whether kinship of realized mating pairs deviates from what is expected from the set of potential mates and use this information to infer mating biases that may result from kin recognition and/or assortative mating. Our analysis covers 20 species of trees for which microsatellite data is available for adult populations (potential mates) as well as seed arrays. We test whether mean relatedness of observed mating pairs deviates from null expectations that only take pollen dispersal distances into account (estimated from the same data set). This allows the identification of elevated as well as reduced kinship among realized mating pairs, indicative of positive and negative assortative mating, respectively. The test is also able to distinguish elevated biparental inbreeding that occurs solely as a result of related pairs growing closer to each other from further assortativeness. Assortative mating in trees appears potentially common but not ubiquitous: nine data sets show mating bias with elevated inbreeding, nine do not deviate significantly from the null expectation, and two show mating bias with reduced inbreeding. While our data sets lack direct information on phenology, our investigation of the phenological literature for each species identifies flowering phenology as a potential driver of positive assortative mating (leading to elevated inbreeding) in trees. Since active kin recognition provides an alternative hypothesis for these patterns, we encourage further investigations on the processes and traits that influence mating patterns in trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha A Ismail
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hanna Kokko
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Wang ZF, Liu HL, Dai SP, Cao HL, Wang RJ, Wang ZM. Endangered but genetically stable- Erythrophleum fordii within Feng Shui woodlands in suburbanized villages. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:10950-10963. [PMID: 32523682 PMCID: PMC7277784 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Feng Shui woodlands are naturally or artificially formed green areas in southern China. They are precious for maintaining ecosystem balance in modern semiurban environments. However, they are generally small and geographically isolated from each other, and the status of genetic diversity of the plant species within them has been almost neglected. Therefore, we studied the genetic diversity of the endangered Erythrophleum fordii in eight Feng Shui woodlands (a total of 1,061 individuals) in Guangzhou, a large city in southern China, using microsatellites. For comparison, one population with 33 individuals sampled in a nature reserve was also studied. Although our results indicate that significant demographic declines occurred historically in E. fordii, such declines have not resulted in consistent reductions in genetic variation over generations in Feng Shui populations in the recent past, and the levels of genetic variation in these populations were higher than or comparable to the genetic variation of the population in the nature reserve. In addition, our parentage and paternity analyses indicated widespread and potential long‐distance pollen flow within one Feng Shui woodland, indicating the presence of an unbroken pollination network, which would at least partially alleviate the genetic erosion due to habitat fragmentation and the unequal gene contributions of E. fordii parents to their progenies when favorable recruitment habitats are absent under most of the parent trees. Overall, our results suggest that E. fordii in Feng Shui woodlands may not be driven to extinction in the near future. Nevertheless, uncontrolled fast urban development with a lack of awareness of Feng Shui woodlands will cause the local extinction of E. fordii, which has already happened in some Feng Shui woodlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Feng Wang
- Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Hai-Lin Liu
- Environmental Horticulture Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Guangzhou China.,Key Lab of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization Guangzhou China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Se-Ping Dai
- Guangzhou Institute of Forestry and Landscape Architecture Guangzhou China
| | - Hong-Lin Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Rui-Jiang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Zhang-Ming Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
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14
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Castilla AR, Garrote PJ, Żywiec M, Calvo G, Suárez-Esteban A, Delibes M, Godoy JA, Picó FX, Fedriani JM. Genetic rescue by distant trees mitigates qualitative pollen limitation imposed by fine-scale spatial genetic structure. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:4363-4374. [PMID: 31495974 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Restricted seed dispersal frequently leads to fine-scale spatial genetic structure (i.e., FSGS) within plant populations. Depending on its spatial extent and the mobility of pollinators, this inflated kinship at the immediate neighbourhood can critically impoverish pollen quality. Despite the common occurrence of positive FSGS within plant populations, our knowledge regarding the role of long-distance pollination preventing reproductive failure is still limited. Using microsatellite markers, we examined the existence of positive FSGS in two low-density populations of the tree Pyrus bourgaeana. We also designed controlled crosses among trees differing in their kinship to investigate the effects of increased local kinship on plant reproduction. We used six pollination treatments and fully monitored fruit production, fruit and seed weight, proportion of mature seeds per fruit, and seed germination. Our results revealed positive FSGS in both study populations and lower fruit initiation in flowers pollinated with pollen from highly-genetically related individuals within the neighbourhood, with this trend intensifying as the fruit development progressed. Besides, open-pollinated flowers exhibited lower performance compared to those pollinated by distant pollen donors, suggesting intense qualitative pollen limitation in natural populations. We found positive fine-scale spatial genetic structure is translated into impoverished pollen quality from nearby pollen donors which negatively impacts the reproductive success of trees in low-density populations. Under this scenario of intrapopulation genetic rescue by distant pollen donors, the relevance of highly-mobile pollinators for connecting spatially and genetically distant patches of trees may be crucial to safeguarding population recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio R Castilla
- Instituto Superior of Agronomy, Centre for Applied Ecology "Prof. Baeta Neves"/INBIO, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Departamento de Ecología Integrativa, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pedro J Garrote
- Instituto Superior of Agronomy, Centre for Applied Ecology "Prof. Baeta Neves"/INBIO, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Departamento de Biología de la Conservación, Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Magdalena Żywiec
- Instituto Superior of Agronomy, Centre for Applied Ecology "Prof. Baeta Neves"/INBIO, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Gemma Calvo
- Departamento de Biología de la Conservación, Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alberto Suárez-Esteban
- Departamento de Biología de la Conservación, Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Miguel Delibes
- Departamento de Biología de la Conservación, Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - José A Godoy
- Departamento de Ecología Integrativa, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - F Xavier Picó
- Departamento de Ecología Integrativa, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose M Fedriani
- Instituto Superior of Agronomy, Centre for Applied Ecology "Prof. Baeta Neves"/INBIO, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Departamento de Biología de la Conservación, Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación CIDE, CSIC-UVEG-GV, Moncada, Spain
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15
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Griffin AR, Potts BM, Vaillancourt RE, Bell JC. Life cycle expression of inbreeding depression in Eucalyptus regnans and inter-generational stability of its mixed mating system. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 124:179-187. [PMID: 31219168 PMCID: PMC6676386 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Many plants exhibit a mixed mating system. Published models suggest that this might be an evolutionarily stable rather than a transitional state despite the presence of inbreeding depression, but there is little empirical evidence. Through field experimentation, we studied the role of inbreeding depression in eliminating inbred progeny from the reproductive cohort of the forest tree Eucalyptus regnans, and demonstrate a stable mixed primary mating system over two successive generations. METHODS Two field experiments were conducted using seed from natural populations. We sowed open-pollinated seeds to simulate a natural regeneration event and determined isozyme genotypes of dominant and suppressed individuals over 10 years. We also planted a mixture of open-pollinated, outcross and selfed families with common maternal parentage; monitored survival of cross types over 29 years; and determined the percentage of outcrosses in open-pollinated seed from a sample of reproductively mature trees using microsatellite analysis. KEY RESULTS Both experiments demonstrated progressive competitive elimination of inbred plants. By 29 years, the reproductive cohort in the planted experiment consisted only of outcrosses which produced seed which averaged 66 % outcrosses, similar to the estimate for the parental natural population (74 %). CONCLUSIONS Selective elimination of inbred genotypes during the intense intra-specific competition characteristic of the pre-reproductive phase of the life cycle of E. regnans results in a fully outcrossed reproductive population, in which self-fertility is comparable with that of its parental generation. The mixed mating system may be viewed as an unavoidable consequence of the species' reproductive ecology, which includes the demonstrated effects of inbreeding depression, rather than a strategy which is actively favoured by natural selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rod Griffin
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
- GTI Pty. Ltd, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, Australia
- For correspondence
| | - Brad M Potts
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Forest Value, Australia
| | - René E Vaillancourt
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Forest Value, Australia
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16
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Hardy OJ, Delaide B, Hainaut H, Gillet J, Gillet P, Kaymak E, Vankerckhove N, Duminil J, Doucet J. Seed and pollen dispersal distances in two African legume timber trees and their reproductive potential under selective logging. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:3119-3134. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier J. Hardy
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Unit CP 160/12 Faculté des Sciences Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
| | - Boris Delaide
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Unit CP 160/12 Faculté des Sciences Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
| | - Hélène Hainaut
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Unit CP 160/12 Faculté des Sciences Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
| | - Jean‐François Gillet
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre Forest is Life Gembloux Agro‐Bio Tech Université de Liège Gembloux Belgium
- Nature Forest Environment Freelance in Tropical Forestry Porcheresse Belgium
| | - Pauline Gillet
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre Forest is Life Gembloux Agro‐Bio Tech Université de Liège Gembloux Belgium
| | - Esra Kaymak
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Unit CP 160/12 Faculté des Sciences Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
| | - Nina Vankerckhove
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Unit CP 160/12 Faculté des Sciences Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
| | - Jérôme Duminil
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Unit CP 160/12 Faculté des Sciences Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
- DIADE, IRD Univ Montpellier Montpellier France
- Bioversity International Forest Genetic Resources and Restoration Programme Sub‐Regional Office for Central Africa Messa, Yaoundé Cameroon
| | - Jean‐Louis Doucet
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre Forest is Life Gembloux Agro‐Bio Tech Université de Liège Gembloux Belgium
- Nature+ asbl Wavre Belgium
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17
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Grant EL, Conroy GC, Lamont RW, Reddell PW, Wallace HM, Ogbourne SM. Short distance pollen dispersal and low genetic diversity in a subcanopy tropical rainforest tree, Fontainea picrosperma (Euphorbiaceae). Heredity (Edinb) 2019; 123:503-516. [PMID: 31076650 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-019-0231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene flow via pollen movement affects genetic variation in plant populations and is an important consideration in plant domestication. Fontainea picrosperma is a subcanopy rainforest tree that is of commercial interest because it is the source of tigilanol tiglate, a natural product used for the treatment of solid tumors. We identify patterns of pollen-mediated gene flow within natural populations of F. picrosperma and estimate genetic parameters and genetic structure between adult and juvenile groups using microsatellite markers. Our results show pollination events occur over much shorter distances than reported for tropical canopy species. At least 63% of seeds are sired by male trees located within 30 m of the mother. On average, 27% of the local male population contributed to successful reproduction of F. picrosperma with most fathers siring a single seed, however, the contributions to reproduction were uneven. Larger male trees with more flowers had greater reproductive success than those with less flowers (P < 0.05). There were comparatively low levels of genetic variation across the species (HE = 0.405 for adult trees and 0.379 for juveniles) and we found no loss of genetic diversity between adult and juvenile trees. Short distance pollen flow and low genetic diversity is theoretically a prelude to genetic impoverishment, however F. picrosperma has persisted through multiple significant climatic oscillations. Nevertheless, the remaining low genetic diversity is of concern for domestication programs which require maximal genetic diversity to facilitate efficient selective breeding and genetic improvement of this commercially significant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elektra L Grant
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Gabriel C Conroy
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert W Lamont
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Helen M Wallace
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Steven M Ogbourne
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia.
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18
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O'Connell MC, Castilla AR, Lee LX, Jha S. Bee movement across heterogeneous tropical forests: multi‐paternal analyses reveal the importance of neighborhood composition for pollen dispersal. Biotropica 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan C. O'Connell
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin 1 University Station Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Antonio R. Castilla
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin 1 University Station Austin TX 78712 USA
- Centro de Ecologia Aplicada Prof. Baeta Neves/InBIO Universidade de Lisboa Tapada da Ajuda 1349‐017 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Leticia X. Lee
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin 1 University Station Austin TX 78712 USA
- Department of Earth and Environment Boston University 685 Commonwealth Avenue Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - Shalene Jha
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin 1 University Station Austin TX 78712 USA
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19
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Lazcano-Lara JC, Ackerman JD. Best in the company of nearby males: female success in the threatened cycad, Zamia portoricensis. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5252. [PMID: 30065868 PMCID: PMC6063211 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Variation in plant reproductive success is affected by ecological conditions including the proximity of potential mates. We address the hypothesis that spatial distribution of sexes affects female reproductive success (RS) in the dioecious cycad, Zamia portoricensis. Are the frequencies of males, operational sex ratios, and distances to the nearest mate associated with RS in females? We studied the spatial distribution of sexes in two populations in Puerto Rico and compared RS of target females with the number of males and operational sex ratios. Population structure suggests regular successful recruitment. Adults, males, and females were randomly distributed with respect to one another. Reproductive success of females was highly variable, but was higher in neighborhoods with more males than females and generally decreased with increasing distance to the nearest male, becoming statistically significant beyond 190 cm. This possible mate-finding Allee effect indicates that pollinator movement among plants may be limited for this mutually dependent plant-pollinator interaction. Yet being close to male plants is a matter of chance, perhaps a factor generating the high intra-population genetic diversity in Z. portoricensis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James D. Ackerman
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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20
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Soares LE, Goetze M, Zanella CM, Bered F. Genetic diversity and population structure of Vriesea reitzii (Bromeliaceae), a species from the Southern Brazilian Highlands. Genet Mol Biol 2018; 41:308-317. [PMID: 29583153 PMCID: PMC5913716 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The Southern Brazilian Highlands are composed by a mosaic of Mixed Ombrophilous Forest (MOF) and grassland formations, an interesting landscape for the study of population structure. We analyzed the genetic diversity within and among populations of the MOF-endemic bromeliad Vriesea reitzii by genotyping seven nuclear microsatellite loci in 187 individuals from six populations. We characterized levels of genetic diversity and assessed the genetic structure among populations. Vriesea reitzii populations showed high levels of genetic variation (number of alleles 28 - 43, allelic richness 3.589 - 5.531) and moderate levels of genetic differentiation (FST = 0.123, RST = 0.096). The high levels of genetic diversity may be explained by species life-history traits, such as habit and mating system. The moderate structure may be a product of the combination of ancient and contemporary gene flow, resulting from the expansion of the forest in the Holocene, and/or due to facilitated dispersal mediated by the MOF’s mosaic landscape. The genetic results indicated no imminent threat to this bromeliad. However, the species is highly associated with the MOF, putting landscape conservation at the center of conservation efforts for the species’ maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Eduardo Soares
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Márcia Goetze
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila M Zanella
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,The John Bingham Laboratory, National Institute of Agricultural Botany (NIAB), Cambridge, UK
| | - Fernanda Bered
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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21
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Mosca E, Di Pierro EA, Budde KB, Neale DB, González-Martínez SC. Environmental effects on fine-scale spatial genetic structure in four Alpine keystone forest tree species. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:647-658. [PMID: 29274175 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Genetic responses to environmental changes take place at different spatial scales. While the effect of environment on the distribution of species' genetic diversity at large geographical scales has been the focus of several recent studies, its potential effects on genetic structure at local scales are understudied. Environmental effects on fine-scale spatial genetic structure (FSGS) were investigated in four Alpine conifer species (five to eight populations per species) from the eastern Italian Alps. Significant FSGS was found for 11 of 25 populations. Interestingly, we found no significant differences in FSGS across species but great variation among populations within species, highlighting the importance of local environmental factors. Interannual variability in spring temperature had a small but significant effect on FSGS of Larix decidua, probably related to species-specific life history traits. For Abies alba, Picea abies and Pinus cembra, linear models identified spring precipitation as a potentially relevant climate factor associated with differences in FSGS across populations; however, models had low explanatory power and were strongly influenced by a P. cembra outlier population from a very dry site. Overall, the direction of the identified effects is according to expectations, with drier and more variable environments increasing FSGS. Underlying mechanisms may include climate-related changes in the variance of reproductive success and/or environmental selection of specific families. This study provides new insights on potential changes in local genetic structure of four Alpine conifers in the face of environmental changes, suggesting that new climates, through altering FSGS, may also have relevant impacts on plant microevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Mosca
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), S. Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Erica A Di Pierro
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), S. Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | | | - David B Neale
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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22
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Gelmi-Candusso TA, Heymann EW, Heer K. Effects of zoochory on the spatial genetic structure of plant populations. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:5896-5910. [PMID: 28921766 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Spatial genetic structure (SGS) of plants results from the nonrandom distribution of related individuals. SGS provides information on gene flow and spatial patterns of genetic diversity within populations. Seed dispersal creates the spatial template for plant distribution. Thus, in zoochorous plants, dispersal mode and disperser behaviour might have a strong impact on SGS. However, many studies only report the taxonomic group of seed dispersers, without further details. The recent increase in studies on SGS provides the opportunity to review findings and test for the influence of dispersal mode, taxonomic affiliation of dispersers and their behaviour. We compared the proportions of studies with SGS among groups and tested for differences in strength of SGS using Sp statistics. The presence of SGS differed among taxonomic groups, with reduced presence in plants dispersed by birds. Strength of SGS was instead significantly influenced by the behaviour of seed dispersal vectors, with higher SGS in plant species dispersed by animals with behavioural traits that result in short seed dispersal distances. We observed high variance in the strength of SGS in plants dispersed by animals that actively or passively accumulate seeds. Additionally, we found SGS was also affected by pollination and marker type used. Our study highlights the importance of vector behaviour on SGS even in the presence of variance created by other factors. Thus, more detailed information on the behaviour of seed dispersers would contribute to better understand which factors shape the spatial scale of gene flow in animal-dispersed plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana A Gelmi-Candusso
- Verhaltensökologie & Soziobiologie, Deutsches Primatenzentrum - Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eckhard W Heymann
- Verhaltensökologie & Soziobiologie, Deutsches Primatenzentrum - Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Heer
- Naturschutzbiologie, Phillips-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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23
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Genetic conservation of small populations of the endemic tree Swartzia glazioviana (Taub.) Glaz. (Leguminosae) in the Atlantic Forest. CONSERV GENET 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-017-0962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Monthe FK, Hardy OJ, Doucet JL, Loo J, Duminil J. Extensive seed and pollen dispersal and assortative mating in the rain forest tree Entandrophragma cylindricum (Meliaceae) inferred from indirect and direct analyses. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:5279-5291. [PMID: 28734064 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Pollen and seed dispersal are key processes affecting the demographic and evolutionary dynamics of plant species and are also important considerations for the sustainable management of timber trees. Through direct and indirect genetic analyses, we studied the mating system and the extent of pollen and seed dispersal in an economically important timber species, Entandrophragma cylindricum (Meliaceae). We genotyped adult trees, seeds and saplings from a 400-ha study plot in a natural forest from East Cameroon using eight nuclear microsatellite markers. The species is mainly outcrossed (t = 0.92), but seeds from the same fruit are often pollinated by the same father (correlated paternity, rp = 0.77). An average of 4.76 effective pollen donors (Nep ) per seed tree contributes to the pollination. Seed dispersal was as extensive as pollen dispersal, with a mean dispersal distance in the study plot approaching 600 m, and immigration rates from outside the plot to the central part of the plot reaching 40% for both pollen and seeds. Extensive pollen- and seed-mediated gene flow is further supported by the weak, fine-scale spatial genetic structure (Sp statistic = 0.0058), corresponding to historical gene dispersal distances (σg ) reaching approximately 1,500 m. Using an original approach, we showed that the relatedness between mating individuals (Fij = 0.06) was higher than expected by chance, given the extent of pollen dispersal distances (expected Fij = 0.02 according to simulations). This remarkable pattern of assortative mating could be a phenomenon of potentially consequential evolutionary and management significance that deserves to be studied in other plant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Kameni Monthe
- Bioversity International, c/o CIFOR Central Africa Regional Office, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Faculté des Sciences, Service Evolution Biologique et Ecologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Olivier J Hardy
- Faculté des Sciences, Service Evolution Biologique et Ecologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Jean-Louis Doucet
- Foresterie Tropicale, Gestion des Ressources Forestières, BIOSE, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Judy Loo
- Bioversity International, Rome, Italy
| | - Jérôme Duminil
- Bioversity International, c/o CIFOR Central Africa Regional Office, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Faculté des Sciences, Service Evolution Biologique et Ecologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium.,Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR-DIADE, Montpellier, France
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25
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Abu Awad D, Billiard S, Tran V. Perenniality induces high inbreeding depression in self-fertilising species. Theor Popul Biol 2016; 112:43-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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