1
|
Paramakrishnan N, Lim KG, Paramaswaran Y, Ali N, Waseem M, Shazly GA, Bin Jardan YA, Muthuraman A. Astaxanthin: A Marine Drug That Ameliorates Cerebrovascular-Damage-Associated Alzheimer's Disease in a Zebrafish Model via the Inhibition of Matrix Metalloprotease-13. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:433. [PMID: 37623714 PMCID: PMC10455645 DOI: 10.3390/md21080433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major type of dementia disorder. Common cognitive changes occur as a result of cerebrovascular damage (CVD) via the disruption of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13). In diabetic cases, the progress of vascular dementia is faster and the AD rate is higher. Patients with type 2 diabetes are known to have a higher risk of the factor for AD progression. Hence, this study is designed to investigate the role of astaxanthin (AST) in CVD-associated AD in zebrafish via the inhibition of MMP-13 activity. CVD was developed through the intraperitoneal and intracerebral injection of streptozotocin (STZ). The AST (10 and 20 mg/L), donepezil (1 mg/L), and MMP-13 inhibitor (i.e., CL-82198; 10 μM) were exposed for 21 consecutive days in CVD animals. The cognitive changes in zebrafish were evaluated through light and dark chamber tests, a color recognition test, and a T-maze test. The biomarkers of AD pathology were assessed via the estimation of the cerebral extravasation of Evans blue, tissue nitrite, amyloid beta-peptide aggregation, MMP-13 activity, and acetylcholinesterase activity. The results revealed that exposure to AST leads to ameliorative behavioral and biochemical changes. Hence, AST can be used for the management of AD due to its multi-targeted actions, including MMP-13 inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Khian Giap Lim
- Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Yamunna Paramaswaran
- Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Waseem
- School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA
| | - Gamal A. Shazly
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef A. Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arunachalam Muthuraman
- Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sánchez KE, Bhaskar K, Rosenberg GA. Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD-mediated release of matrix metalloproteinase 10 stimulates a change in microglia phenotype. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:976108. [PMID: 36305000 PMCID: PMC9595131 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.976108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation contributes to amyloid-β and tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglia facilitate an altered immune response that includes microgliosis, upregulation of inflammasome proteins, and elevation of matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs). Studies of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood in dementia patients show upregulation of two potential biomarkers of inflammation at the cellular level, MMP10 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC). However, little is known about their relationship in the context of brain inflammation. Therefore, we stimulated microglia cultures with purified insoluble ASC speck aggregates and MMP10 to elucidate their role. We found that ASC specks altered microglia shape and stimulated the release of MMP3 and MMP10. Furthermore, MMP10 stimulated microglia released additional MMP10 along with the inflammatory cytokines, tumor-necrosis factor-α (TNFα), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and CXCL1 CXC motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1). A broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor, GM6001, prevented TNFα release. With these results, we conclude that MMP10 and ASC specks act on microglial cells to propagate inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E. Sánchez
- Center for Memory and Aging, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Kiran Bhaskar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Gary A. Rosenberg
- Center for Memory and Aging, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jenkins TA. Metabolic Syndrome and Vascular-Associated Cognitive Impairment: a Focus on Preclinical Investigations. Curr Diab Rep 2022; 22:333-340. [PMID: 35737273 PMCID: PMC9314301 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-022-01475-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased risk of vascular cognitive impairment or, in the more extreme, vascular dementia. Animal models are used to investigate the relationship between pathology and behaviour. This review summarizes the latest understanding of the role of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in vascular cognitive impairment, the influence of inflammation in this association while also commenting on some of the latest interventions proposed. RECENT FINDINGS Models of vascular cognitive impairment and vascular dementia, whether they develop from an infarct or non-infarct base, demonstrate increased neuroinflammation, reduced neuronal function and deficits in prefrontal and hippocampal-associated cognitive domains. Promising new research shows agents and environmental interventions that inhibit central oxidative stress and inflammation can reverse both pathology and cognitive dysfunction. While preclinical studies suggest that reversal of deficits in vascular cognitive impairment models is possible, replication in patients still needs to be demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trisha A Jenkins
- Human Biosciences, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, RMIT University, Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lansdell TA, Chambers LC, Dorrance AM. Endothelial Cells and the Cerebral Circulation. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3449-3508. [PMID: 35766836 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells form the innermost layer of all blood vessels and are the only vascular component that remains throughout all vascular segments. The cerebral vasculature has several unique properties not found in the peripheral circulation; this requires that the cerebral endothelium be considered as a unique entity. Cerebral endothelial cells perform several functions vital for brain health. The cerebral vasculature is responsible for protecting the brain from external threats carried in the blood. The endothelial cells are central to this requirement as they form the basis of the blood-brain barrier. The endothelium also regulates fibrinolysis, thrombosis, platelet activation, vascular permeability, metabolism, catabolism, inflammation, and white cell trafficking. Endothelial cells regulate the changes in vascular structure caused by angiogenesis and artery remodeling. Further, the endothelium contributes to vascular tone, allowing proper perfusion of the brain which has high energy demands and no energy stores. In this article, we discuss the basic anatomy and physiology of the cerebral endothelium. Where appropriate, we discuss the detrimental effects of high blood pressure on the cerebral endothelium and the contribution of cerebrovascular disease endothelial dysfunction and dementia. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3449-3508, 2022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa A Lansdell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Laura C Chambers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Anne M Dorrance
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chaves Filho AJM, Mottin M, Soares MVR, Jucá PM, Andrade CH, Macedo DS. Tetracyclines, a promise for neuropsychiatric disorders: from adjunctive therapy to the discovery of new targets for rational drug design in psychiatry. Behav Pharmacol 2021; 32:123-141. [PMID: 33595954 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Major mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder, represent the leading cause of disability worldwide. Nevertheless, the current pharmacotherapy has several limitations, and a large portion of patients do not respond appropriately to it or remain with disabling symptoms overtime. Traditionally, pharmacological interventions for psychiatric disorders modulate dysfunctional neurotransmitter systems. In the last decades, compelling evidence has advocated for chronic inflammatory mechanisms underlying these disorders. Therefore, the repurposing of anti-inflammatory agents has emerged as an attractive therapeutic tool for mental disorders. Minocycline (MINO) and doxycycline (DOXY) are semisynthetic second-generation tetracyclines with neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. More recently, the most promising results obtained in clinical trials using tetracyclines for major psychiatric disorders were for schizophrenia. In a reverse translational approach, tetracyclines inhibit microglial reactivity and toxic inflammation by mechanisms related to the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B signaling, cyclooxygenase 2, and matrix metalloproteinases. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of these tetracyclines is not fully understood. Therefore, the present review sought to summarize the latest findings of MINO and DOXY use for major psychiatric disorders and present the possible targets to their molecular and behavioral effects. In conclusion, tetracyclines hold great promise as (ready-to-use) agents for being used as adjunctive therapy for human neuropsychiatric disorders. Hence, the understanding of their molecular mechanisms may contribute to the discovery of new targets for the rational drug design of novel psychoactive agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriano José Maia Chaves Filho
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, LabMol, Faculdade de Farmácia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO
| | - Melina Mottin
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, LabMol, Faculdade de Farmácia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO
| | - Michele Verde-Ramo Soares
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE
| | - Paloma Marinho Jucá
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE
| | - Carolina Horta Andrade
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, LabMol, Faculdade de Farmácia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO
| | - Danielle S Macedo
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hohjoh H, Horikawa I, Nakagawa K, Segi-Nishida E, Hasegawa H. Induced mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinases Mmp-3, Mmp-12, and Mmp-13 in the infarct cerebral cortex of photothrombosis model mice. Neurosci Lett 2020; 739:135406. [PMID: 32987131 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A strong therapeutic target of ischemic stroke is controlling brain inflammation. Recent studies have implicated the critical role of C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) in neuroinflammation during ischemic stroke. It has been reported that the expression of the matrix metalloproteinases, MMP-3, MMP-12, and MMP-13, is controlled by CCR5; however, their expressional regulation in the infarct brain has not been clearly understood. This study investigated the mRNA expression of Mmp-3, -12, and -13 in the ischemic cerebral cortex of photothrombosis mouse model. The three Mmps were highly upregulated in the early stages of ischemic stroke and were expressed in different types of cells. Mmp-3 and Mmp-13 were expressed in blood vessel endothelial cells after ischemia-induction, whereas Mmp-12 was expressed in activated microglia. The expression of Mmp-13 in resting microglia and in neurons of uninjured cerebral cortex was lost in the infarct region. Therefore, the MMPs responding to CCR5 are differentially regulated during ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Hohjoh
- Laboratory of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Io Horikawa
- Laboratory of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kimie Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Eri Segi-Nishida
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Muri L, Leppert D, Grandgirard D, Leib SL. MMPs and ADAMs in neurological infectious diseases and multiple sclerosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3097-3116. [PMID: 31172218 PMCID: PMC7079810 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metalloproteinases-such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs)-are involved in various diseases of the nervous system but also contribute to nervous system development, synaptic plasticity and neuroregeneration upon injury. MMPs and ADAMs proteolytically cleave many substrates including extracellular matrix components but also signaling molecules and receptors. During neuroinfectious disease with associated neuroinflammation, MMPs and ADAMs regulate blood-brain barrier breakdown, bacterial invasion, neutrophil infiltration and cytokine signaling. Specific and broad-spectrum inhibitors for MMPs and ADAMs have experimentally been shown to decrease neuroinflammation and brain damage in diseases with excessive neuroinflammation as a common denominator, such as pneumococcal meningitis and multiple sclerosis, thereby improving the disease outcome. Timing of metalloproteinase inhibition appears to be critical to effectively target the cascade of pathophysiological processes leading to brain damage without inhibiting the neuroregenerative effects of metalloproteinases. As the critical role of metalloproteinases in neuronal repair mechanisms and regeneration was only lately recognized, the original idea of chronic MMP inhibition needs to be conceptually revised. Recently accumulated research urges for a second chance of metalloproteinase inhibitors, which-when correctly applied and dosed-harbor the potential to improve the outcome of different neuroinflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Muri
- Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Friedbühlstrasse 51, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB), University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Leppert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Denis Grandgirard
- Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Friedbühlstrasse 51, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephen L Leib
- Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Friedbühlstrasse 51, 3001, Bern, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen X, Patra A, Sadowska GB, Stonestreet BS. Ischemic-Reperfusion Injury Increases Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Metalloproteinase Inhibitors in Fetal Sheep Brain. Dev Neurosci 2018; 40:234-245. [PMID: 30048980 DOI: 10.1159/000489700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is a leading cause of neurodevelopmental morbidities in preterm and full-term infants. Blood-brain barrier dysfunction represents an important component of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a vital component of the blood-brain barrier. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are important ECM components. They contribute to brain development, blood-brain barrier maintenance, and to regenerative and repair processes after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. We hypothesized that ischemia at different durations of reperfusion affects the ECM protein composition of MMPs and TIMPs in the cerebral cortex of fetal sheep. Cerebral cortical samples were snap-frozen from sham control fetuses at 127 days of gestation and from fetuses after exposure to 30-min carotid occlusion and 4-, 24-, and 48-h of reperfusion. Protein expression of MMP-2, -8, -9, and -13 and TIMP-1, -2, -3, and -4 was measured by Western immunoblotting along with the gelatinolytic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by zymography. The expression of MMP-8 was increased (Kruskal-Wallis, p = 0.04) in fetuses 48 h after ischemia. In contrast, changes were not observed in the protein expression of MMP-2, -9, or -13. The gelatinolytic activity of pro-MMP-2 was increased (ANOVA, p = 0.02, Tukey HSD, p = 0.05) 24 h after ischemia. TIMP-1 and -3 expression levels were also higher (TIMP-1, ANOVA, p = 0.003, Tukey HSD, p = 0.01; TIMP-3, ANOVA, p = 0.006, Tukey HSD, p = 0.01) 24 h after ischemia compared with both the sham controls and with fetuses exposed to 4 h of reperfusion. The changes in the expression of TIMP-1, -2, and -3 correlated with the changes in the MMP-8 and -13 protein expression. We speculate that regulation of MMP-8, MMP-13, and TIMPs contributes to ECM remodeling after is chemic-reperfusion injury in the fetal brain.
Collapse
|
9
|
Harvey AP, Montezano AC, Hood KY, Lopes RA, Rios F, Ceravolo G, Graham D, Touyz RM. Vascular dysfunction and fibrosis in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats: The aldosterone-mineralocorticoid receptor-Nox1 axis. Life Sci 2017; 179:110-119. [PMID: 28478264 PMCID: PMC5446265 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We questioned whether aldosterone and oxidative stress play a role in vascular damage in severe hypertension and investigated the role of Nox1 in this process. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied mesenteric arteries, aortas and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from WKY and SHRSP rats. Vascular effects of eplerenone or canrenoic acid (CA) (mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) blockers), ML171 (Nox1 inhibitor) and EHT1864 (Rac1/2 inhibitor) were assessed. Nox1-knockout mice were also studied. Vessels and VSMCs were probed for Noxs, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-fibrotic/inflammatory signaling. KEY FINDINGS Blood pressure and plasma levels of aldosterone and galectin-3 were increased in SHRSP versus WKY. Acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation was decreased (61% vs 115%) and phenylephrine-induced contraction increased in SHRSP versus WKY (Emax 132.8% vs 96.9%, p<0.05). Eplerenone, ML171 and EHT1864 attenuated hypercontractility in SHRSP. Vascular expression of collagen, fibronectin, TGFβ, MCP-1, RANTES, MMP2, MMP9 and p66Shc was increased in SHRSP versus WKY. These changes were associated with increased ROS generation, 3-nitrotyrosine expression and Nox1 upregulation. Activation of vascular p66Shc and increased expression of Nox1 and collagen I were prevented by CA in SHRSP. Nox1 expression was increased in aldosterone-stimulated WKY VSMCs, an effect that was amplified in SHRSP VSMCs (5.2vs9.9 fold-increase). ML171 prevented aldosterone-induced VSMC Nox1-ROS production. Aldosterone increased vascular expression of fibronectin and PAI-1 in wild-type mice but not in Nox1-knockout mice. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that aldosterone, which is increased in SHRSP, induces vascular damage through MR-Nox1-p66Shc-mediated processes that modulate pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam P Harvey
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Y Hood
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rheure A Lopes
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Graziela Ceravolo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Delyth Graham
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Integrated Stress Response as a Therapeutic Target for CNS Injuries. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6953156. [PMID: 28536699 PMCID: PMC5425910 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6953156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) injuries, caused by cerebrovascular pathologies or mechanical contusions (e.g., traumatic brain injury, TBI) comprise a diverse group of disorders that share the activation of the integrated stress response (ISR). This pathway is an innate protective mechanism, with encouraging potential as therapeutic target for CNS injury repair. In this review, we will focus on the progress in understanding the role of the ISR and we will discuss the effects of various small molecules that target the ISR on different animal models of CNS injury.
Collapse
|
11
|
Ueno M. Elucidation of mechanism of blood-brain barrier damage for prevention and treatment of vascular dementia. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2017; 57:95-109. [PMID: 28228623 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
It is well-known that the blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays significant roles in transporting intravascular substances into the brain. The BBB in cerebral capillaries essentially impedes the influx of intravascular compounds from the blood to the brain, while nutritive substances, such as glucose, can be selectively transported through several types of influx transporters in endothelial cells. In the choroid plexus, intravascular substances can invade the parenchyma as fenestrations exist in endothelial cells of capillaries. However, the substances cannot invade the ventricles easily as there are tight junctions between epithelial cells in the choroid plexus. This restricted movement of the substances across the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells constitutes a blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB). In the brain, there are circumventricular organs, in which the barrier function is imperfect in capillaries. Accordingly, it is reasonable to consider that intravascular substances can move in and around the parenchyma of the organs. Actually, it was reported in mice that intravascular substances moved in the corpus callosum, medial portions of the hippocampus, and periventricular areas via the subfornical organs or the choroid plexus. Regarding pathways of intracerebral interstitial and cerebrospinal fluids to the outside of the brain, two representative drainage pathways, or perivascular drainage and glymphatic pathways, are being established. The first is the pathway in a retrograde direction to the blood flow through the basement membrane in walls of cerebral capillaries, the tunica media of arteries, and the vessels walls of the internal carotid artery. The second is in an anterograde direction to blood flow through the para-arterial routes, aquaporin 4-dependent transport through the astroglial cytoplasm, and para-venous routes, and then the fluids drain into the subarachnoid CSF. These fluids are finally considered to drain into the cervical lymph nodes or veins. These clearance pathways may play a role in maintenance of the barrier in the entire brain. Obstruction of the passage of fluids through the perivascular drainage and glymphatic pathways as well as damage of the BBB and BCSFB may induce several kinds of brain disorders, such as vascular dementia. In this review, we focus on the relationship between damage of the barriers and the pathogenesis of vascular dementia and introduce recent findings including our experimental data using animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ueno
- Inflammation Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Matrix metalloproteinase-13 participates in neuroprotection and neurorepair after cerebral ischemia in mice. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 91:236-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
|
13
|
Ma F, Rodriguez S, Buxo X, Morancho A, Riba-Llena I, Carrera A, Bustamante A, Giralt D, Montaner J, Martinez C, Bori I, Rosell A. Plasma Matrix Metalloproteinases in Patients With Stroke During Intensive Rehabilitation Therapy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2016; 97:1832-1840. [PMID: 27373742 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as potential markers of recovery during intensive rehabilitation therapy (IRT) after stroke. DESIGN Prospective and descriptive 3-month follow-up study. SETTING Rehabilitation unit and research center. PARTICIPANTS Patients with first-ever ischemic stroke (n=15) enrolled to IRT (≥3h/d and 5d/wk) and healthy volunteers (n=15) (N=30). INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was to measure plasma MMP3, MMP12, and MMP13 levels and evaluate potential associations with motor/functional scales using a battery of tests (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, modified Rankin scale, Barthel Index, Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Functional Ambulation Categories, Medical Research Council scale, Chedoke Arm and Hand Activity Inventory, and the 10-m walk test) before IRT and at 1- and 3-month follow-ups. The secondary outcome was to evaluate the use of these MMPs as biomarkers as predictors of patient's outcome. RESULTS MMP levels remained stable during the study period and were similar to those in the healthy volunteer group. However, baseline MMP12 and MMP13 levels were strongly associated with stroke severity and were found to be elevated in those patients with the poorest outcomes. Interestingly, plasma MMP3 was independent of baseline stroke characteristics but was found to be increased in patients with better motor/functional recovery and in patients with larger improvements during rehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS MMPs might act as biologic markers of recovery during rehabilitation therapy related to their roles in both injury and tissue remodeling. Future confirmatory investigations in multicenter studies are warranted by our data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Ma
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neuroscience Department, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Rodriguez
- Unidad de Rehabilitación Neurológica y Daño Cerebral, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavi Buxo
- Unidad de Rehabilitación Neurológica y Daño Cerebral, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Morancho
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neuroscience Department, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iolanda Riba-Llena
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neuroscience Department, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Carrera
- Unidad de Rehabilitación Neurológica y Daño Cerebral, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Bustamante
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neuroscience Department, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Giralt
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neuroscience Department, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Montaner
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neuroscience Department, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Martinez
- Unidad de Rehabilitación Neurológica y Daño Cerebral, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Immaculada Bori
- Unidad de Rehabilitación Neurológica y Daño Cerebral, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Rosell
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neuroscience Department, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Anuncibay-Soto B, Pérez-Rodríguez D, Santos-Galdiano M, Font E, Regueiro-Purriños M, Fernández-López A. Post-ischemic salubrinal treatment results in a neuroprotective role in global cerebral ischemia. J Neurochem 2016; 138:295-306. [PMID: 27123756 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the neuroprotective effect of treatment with salubrinal 1 and 24 h following 15 min of ischemia in a two-vessel occlusion model of global cerebral ischemia. The purpose of this study was to determine if salubrinal, an enhancer of the unfolded protein response, reduces the neural damage modulating the inflammatory response. The study was performed in CA1 and CA3 hippocampal areas as well as in the cerebral cortex whose different vulnerability to ischemic damage is widely described. Characterization of proteins was made by western blot, immunofluorescence, and ELISA, whereas mRNA levels were measured by Quantitative PCR. The salubrinal treatment decreased the cell demise in CA1 at 7 days as well as the levels of matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP-9) in CA1 and cerebral cortex at 48 h and ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 cell adhesion molecules. However, increases in tumor necrosis factor α and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) inflammatory markers were observed at 24 h. Glial fibrillary acidic protein levels were not modified by salubrinal treatment in CA1 and cerebral cortex. We describe a neuroprotective effect of the post-ischemic treatment with salubrinal, measured as a decrease both in CA1 cell demise and in the blood-brain barrier impairment. We hypothesize that the ability of salubrinal to counteract the CA1 cell demise is because of a reduced ability of this structure to elicit unfolded protein response which would account for its greater ischemic vulnerability. Data of both treated and non-treated animals suggest that the neurovascular unit present a structure-dependent response to ischemia and a different course time for CA1/cerebral cortex compared with CA3. Finally, our study reveals a high responsiveness of endothelial cells to salubrinal in contrast to the limited responsiveness of astrocytes. The alleviation of ER stress by enhancing UPR with salubrinal treatment reduces the ischemic damage. This effect varies across the different neurovascular unit cell types. The salubrinal neuroprotective effect on CA1 supports differences in neurovascular unit for different brain regions and involves the inflammatory response and its time course. Thus, UPR modulation could be a therapeutic target in cerebral ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Enrique Font
- Área Biología Celular, Instituto Biomedicina, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
A leading role for NADPH oxidase in an in-vitro study of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Mol Immunol 2016; 72:19-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
16
|
Ueno M, Chiba Y, Murakami R, Matsumoto K, Kawauchi M, Fujihara R. Blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in normal and pathological conditions. Brain Tumor Pathol 2016; 33:89-96. [PMID: 26920424 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-016-0255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Blood-borne substances can invade into the extracellular spaces of the brain via endothelial cells in sites without the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and can travel through the interstitial fluid (ISF) of the brain parenchyma adjacent to non-BBB sites. It has been shown that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drains directly into the blood via the arachnoid villi and also into lymph nodes via the subarachnoid spaces of the brain, while ISF drains into the cervical lymph nodes through perivascular drainage pathways. In addition, the glymphatic pathway of fluids, characterized by para-arterial pathways, aquaporin4-dependent passage through astroglial cytoplasm, interstitial spaces, and paravenous routes, has been established. Meningeal lymphatic vessels along the superior sagittal sinus were very recently discovered. It is known that, in mice, blood-borne substances can be transferred to areas with intact BBB function, such as the medial regions of the hippocampus, presumably through leaky vessels in non-BBB sites. In the present paper, we review the clearance mechanisms of interstitial substances, such as amyloid-β peptides, as well as summarize models of BBB deterioration in response to different types of insults, including acute ischemia followed by reperfusion, hypertension, and chronic hypoperfusion. Lastly, we discuss the relationship between perivascular clearance and brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ueno
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Yoichi Chiba
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Ryuta Murakami
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Machi Kawauchi
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Ryuji Fujihara
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ueno M, Chiba Y, Matsumoto K, Murakami R, Fujihara R, Kawauchi M, Miyanaka H, Nakagawa T. Blood-brain barrier damage in vascular dementia. Neuropathology 2015; 36:115-24. [DOI: 10.1111/neup.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ueno
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine; Kagawa University; Kagawa Japan
| | - Yoichi Chiba
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine; Kagawa University; Kagawa Japan
| | - Koichi Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine; Kagawa University; Kagawa Japan
| | - Ryuta Murakami
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine; Kagawa University; Kagawa Japan
| | - Ryuji Fujihara
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine; Kagawa University; Kagawa Japan
| | - Machi Kawauchi
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine; Kagawa University; Kagawa Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen JH, Tsai CH, Lin HY, Huang CF, Leung YM, Lai SW, Tsai CF, Chang PC, Lu DY, Lin C. Interlukin-18 Is a Pivot Regulatory Factor on Matrix Metalloproteinase-13 Expression and Brain Astrocytic Migration. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:6218-6227. [PMID: 26558633 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) has been shown to be elevated in some pathophysiological conditions and is involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix in astrocytes. In current study, the function of MMP-13 was further investigated. The conditioned medium (CM) collected from activated microglia increased interleukin (IL)-18 production and enhanced MMP-13 expression in astrocytes. Furthermore, treatment with recombinant IL-18 increased MMP-13 protein and mRNA levels in astrocytes. Recombinant IL-18 stimulation also increased the enzymatic activity of MMP-13 and the migratory activity of astrocytes, while administration of MMP-13 or pan-MMP inhibitors antagonized IL-18-induced migratory activity of astrocytes. In addition, administration of recombinant IL-18 to astrocytes led to the phosphorylation of JNK, Akt, or PKCδ, and treatment of astrocytes with JNK, PI3 kinase/Akt, or PKCδ inhibitors significantly decreased the IL-18-induced migratory activity. Taken together, the results suggest that IL-18-induced MMP-13 expression in astrocytes is regulated by JNK, PI3 kinase/Akt, and PKCδ signaling pathways. These findings also indicate that IL-18 is an important regulator leading to MMP-13 expression and cell migration in astrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chon-Haw Tsai
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Fang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuk-Man Leung
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wei Lai
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chingju Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Na W, Lee JY, Kim WS, Yune TY, Ju BG. 17β-Estradiol Ameliorates Tight Junction Disruption via Repression of MMP Transcription. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:1347-61. [PMID: 26168035 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) or blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) formed by capillary endothelial cells provides a physical wall between the central nervous system (CNS) and circulating blood with highly selective permeability. BBB/BSCB disruption by activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) has been shown to result in further neurological damage after CNS injury. Recently it has been discovered that estrogen attenuates BBB/BSCB disruption in in vitro and in vivo models. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the estrogen-mediated attenuation of BBB/BSCB disruption has not been elucidated fully. In the present study, we found that 17β-estradiol (E2) suppresses nuclear factor-κB-dependent MMP-1b, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-10, and MMP-13 gene activation in microvessel endothelial bEnd.3 cells subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion injury. E2 induced the recruitment of ERα and nuclear receptor corepressor to the nuclear factor-κB binding site on the MMPs' gene promoters. Consistently, ER antagonist ICI 182.780 showed opposite effects of E2. We further found that E2 attenuates tight junction disruption through the decreased degradation of tight junction proteins in bEnd.3 cells subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation-reperfusion injury. In addition, E2 suppressed the up-regulation of MMP expression, leading to a decreased BSCB disruption in the injured spinal cord. In conclusion, we discovered the molecular mechanism underlying the protective role of estrogenin BBB/BSCB disruption using an in vitro and in vivo model. Our study suggests that estrogens may provide a potential therapeutic intervention for preserving BBB/BSCB integrity after CNS injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wonho Na
- Department of Life Science (W.N., W.-S.K., B.-G.J.), Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea; and Age-Related and Brain Diseases Research Center (J.Y.L., T.Y.Y.) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.Y.Y.), School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Jee Youn Lee
- Department of Life Science (W.N., W.-S.K., B.-G.J.), Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea; and Age-Related and Brain Diseases Research Center (J.Y.L., T.Y.Y.) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.Y.Y.), School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Won-Sun Kim
- Department of Life Science (W.N., W.-S.K., B.-G.J.), Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea; and Age-Related and Brain Diseases Research Center (J.Y.L., T.Y.Y.) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.Y.Y.), School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Tae Young Yune
- Department of Life Science (W.N., W.-S.K., B.-G.J.), Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea; and Age-Related and Brain Diseases Research Center (J.Y.L., T.Y.Y.) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.Y.Y.), School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Bong-Gun Ju
- Department of Life Science (W.N., W.-S.K., B.-G.J.), Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea; and Age-Related and Brain Diseases Research Center (J.Y.L., T.Y.Y.) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.Y.Y.), School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-TPA) induces neutrophil degranulation in vitro via defined pathways. Vascul Pharmacol 2014; 64:16-27. [PMID: 25530154 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Thrombolysis is recommended for reperfusion following acute ischemic stroke (AIS), but its effects on stroke-associated injury remain to be clarified. Here, we investigated the effects of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA) on neutrophil pathophysiology in vitro and in a case-control study with AIS patients submitted (n=60) or not (n=30) to thrombolysis. Patients underwent radiological and clinical examination as well as blood sampling at admission and after 1, 7 and 90days. In vitro, 30-min incubation with 0.1-1 mg/ml r-tPA induced neutrophil degranulation in different substrate cultures. Pre-incubation with kinase inhibitors and Western blot documented that degranulation was associated with activation of PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 pathways in Teflon dishes and PI3K/Akt in polystyrene. In thrombolysed patients, a peak of neutrophil degranulation products (matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]-9, MMP-8, neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase), was shown during the first hours from drug administration. This was accompanied by serum augmentation of protective tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2. An increased rate of haemorrhagic transformations on day 1 after AIS was shown in thrombolysed patients as compared to non-thrombolysed controls. In conclusion, r-tPA treatment was associated with in vitro neutrophil degranulation, indicating these cells as potential determinants in early haemorrhagic complications after thrombolysis in AIS patients.
Collapse
|
21
|
Potential role for S100A4 in the disruption of the blood-brain barrier in collagen-induced arthritic mice, an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. Neuroscience 2011; 189:286-92. [PMID: 21627981 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease associated with chronic inflammation of the joints. RA has been shown to increase the morbidity of and mortality due to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. We recently reported that cerebrovascular permeability was increased in mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), an animal model of RA. S100A4, a member of the S100 family, is up-regulated in synovial fluid and plasma from RA patients. This study was aimed at evaluating a role of S100A4 in the mediation of blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction in CIA mice. CIA was induced by immunization with type II collagen in mice. Cerebrovascular permeability was assessed by measurement of sodium fluorescein (Na-F) levels in the brains of control and CIA mice. Serum S100A4 concentrations in control and CIA mice were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Accumulation of Na-F in the brain and serum levels of S100A4 were increased in CIA mice. Increased S100A4 levels in the serum are closely correlated with hyperpermeability of the cerebrovascular endothelium to Na-F. We investigated whether S100A4 induces BBB dysfunction using mouse brain capillary endothelial cells (MBECs). S100A4 decreased the transendothelial electrical resistance and increased Na-F permeability in the MBECs. S100A4 reduced the expression of occludin, a tight junction protein, and stimulated p53 expression in MBECs. These findings suggest that S100A4 increases paracellular permeability of MBECs by decreasing expression levels of occludin, at least in part, via p53. The present study highlights a potential role for S100A4 in BBB dysfunction underlying cerebrovascular diseases in patients with RA.
Collapse
|
22
|
Morancho A, Rosell A, García-Bonilla L, Montaner J. Metalloproteinase and stroke infarct size: role for anti-inflammatory treatment? Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1207:123-33. [PMID: 20955435 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05734.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Deregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), the largest class of human proteases, has been implicated in brain damage in both animal and human studies. Some MMPs are elevated after stroke (both in plasma and in brain tissue), and their expression is enhanced by t-PA during thrombolysis related to hemorrhagic transformation events. Although the exact cellular source of MMPs remains unknown, brain endothelium, astrocytes, neurons, and inflammatory-activated cells, such as neutrophils, may release MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-10, and/or MMP-13. Neurovascular perturbations occurring after stroke lead to blood-brain barrier leakage, edema, hemorrhage, leukocyte infiltration, and progressive inflammatory reactions to brain injury over hours or even days after the initial stroke. Synthesized MMP inhibitors and several compounds used for stroke secondary prevention, such as anti-inflammatory drugs, might decrease MMPs and improve the acute treatment of human brain ischemia without compromising the beneficial effects of matrix plasticity during stroke recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Morancho
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kohro T, Yamazaki T. Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) in Reducing Secondary Cardiovascular Events in Hypercholesterolemic Japanese Patients. Circ J 2009; 73:1197-8. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-09-0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahide Kohro
- Department of Translational Research for Healthcare and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Tsutomu Yamazaki
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Systems, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| |
Collapse
|