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Faghy MA, Tatler A, Chidley C, Fryer S, Stoner L, Laddu D, Arena R, Ashton RE. The physiologic benefits of optimizing cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity - From the cell to systems level in a post-pandemic world. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 83:49-54. [PMID: 38417766 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) is a leading cause of premature death and hospitalization which places a significant strain on health services and economies around the World. Evidence from decades of empirical and observational research demonstrates clear associations between physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) which can offset the risk of mortality and increase life expectancy and the quality of life in patients. Whilst well documented, the narrative of increased CRF remained pertinent during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, where individuals with lower levels of CRF had more than double the risk of dying from COVID-19 compared to those with a moderate or high CRF. The need to better understand the mechanisms associated with COVID-19 and those that continue to be affected with persistent symptoms following infection (Long COVID), and CV health is key if we are to be able to effectively target the use of CRF and PA to improve the lives of those suffering its afflictions. Whilst there is a long way to go to optimise PA and CRF for improved health at a population level, particularly in a post-pandemic world, increasing the understanding using a cellular-to-systems approach, we hope to provide further insight into the benefits of engaging in PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Faghy
- Biomedical and Clinical Exercise Science Research Theme, University of Derby, Derby, UK; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection Network (HL-Pivot), Illinois, Chicago, USA.
| | - Amanda Tatler
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Corinna Chidley
- Biomedical and Clinical Exercise Science Research Theme, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Simon Fryer
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester, UK
| | - Lee Stoner
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Deepika Laddu
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Ross Arena
- Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection Network (HL-Pivot), Illinois, Chicago, USA; Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Ruth E Ashton
- Biomedical and Clinical Exercise Science Research Theme, University of Derby, Derby, UK; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection Network (HL-Pivot), Illinois, Chicago, USA
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Sena IGD, da Costa AV, dos Santos IK, de Araújo DP, Gomes FTDS, Cavalcanti JRLDP, Knackfuss MI, de Andrade MF, Melo PKM, Fonseca IAT. Feasibility and effect of high-intensity training on the progression of motor symptoms in adult individuals with Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293357. [PMID: 37948405 PMCID: PMC10637666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the feasibility and effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in individuals with Parkinson's and their effect on symptom modification and progression. METHODS We conducted this systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA). All studies were searched in seven databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Virtual Health Library (VHL) and SCOPUS in September 2020 and updated in June 2023. The risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane Collaboration tool and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. We used standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and random effects models, as well as the non-parametric Cochran's Q test and I2 inconsistency test to assess heterogeneity. RESULTS A total of 15 randomized clinical trials with 654 participants (mean age, 65.4 years). The majority of studies included high intensity training interventions versus moderate intensity, usual care, or control group. The meta-analysis comparing high-intensity exercise versus control group showed an improvement in the disease severity (MD = -4.80 [95%CI, -6.38; -3.21 high evidence certainty); maximum oxygen consumption (MD = 1.81 [95%CI, 0.36; 3.27] very low evidence certainty) and quality of life (MD = -0.54 [95%CI, -0.94; -0.13] moderate evidence certainty). The results showed that high-intensity exercise compared with moderate intensity exercise group showed a improve motor function and functional mobility measured by the TUG test (MD = -0.38 [95%CI, -0.91; 0.16] moderate evidence certainty) with moderate heterogeneity between studies. CONCLUSION High-intensity exercise performed in both continuous and interval modes when compared with control groups may provide motor function benefits for individuals with Parkinson's disease. HIIT may be feasible, but the intensity of the exercise may influence individuals with Parkinson's disease. However, there was a lack of evidence comparing high intensity and moderate intensity for this population, as the results showed heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Garcia De Sena
- Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences College, State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoro, Brazil
| | | | - Isis Kelly dos Santos
- Department of Physical Education, Postgraduate Program in Health Society, UERN, Mossoro, Brazil
- Departament of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
| | - Dayane Pessoa de Araújo
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Nursing College, UERN, Mossoro, Brazil
| | - Francisca Tayná da Silva Gomes
- Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences College, State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoro, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Irany Knackfuss
- Department of Physical Education, Postgraduate Program in Health Society, UERN, Mossoro, Brazil
| | - Micássio Fernandes de Andrade
- Postgraduate Program in Health Society, Health Sciences College, Molecular Biology Laboratory, UERN, Mossoro, Brazil
| | - Paloma Katlheen Moura Melo
- Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences College, State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoro, Brazil
| | - Ivana Alice Teixeira Fonseca
- Department of Physical Education, Postgraduate Program in Health Society, UERN, Mossoro, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, UERN, Mossoro, Brazil
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Teixeira J, Krustrup P, Castagna C, Mohr M, Ascensão A, Pereira R, Carneiro I, Coelho E, Martins S, Guimarães JT, Oliveira R, Póvoas S. Recreational futsal provides broad-spectrum fitness and health benefits but no blood pressure effects in men with treated hypertension - a randomised controlled trial. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:1824-1836. [PMID: 38204141 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2300568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
We determined the coadjuvant effect of a recreational futsal (RF) programme versus standard care alone (CON) in men with treated arterial hypertension (TAHT). Thirty-nine men with TAHT were randomised to RF (N = 20; 48 ± 8 years; systolic blood pressure [SBP]: 122 ± 14 mmHg) with 2-3 one-hour sessions/week for 3 months, or to CON (N = 19; 51 ± 6 years; SBP: 126 ± 13 mmHg). Participants were assessed at baseline, at 3 months, and after 1 month of training cessation (4 months). Mean training attendance was 60 ± 23%. At 3-months, there were no between-group differences in BP parameters (SBP: 0.44 mmHg; 95% CI: -5.79, 6.67). However, compared to CON, RF was effective for peak oxygen uptake (2.76 mL.min-1.kg-1; 95% CI: 0.26, 5.26), time to exhaustion (1.15 min; 95% CI: 0.59, 1.69), Yo-Yo IE1 performance (365 m; 95% CI: 175, 556), resting heart rate (RHR; -5 b.min-1; 95% CI: -10, -1), glycated haemoglobin (-0.52 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.84, -0.19), blood glucose (-0.25 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.44, -0.06), left femur bone mineral content (1.96 g; 95% CI: 0.29, 3.65), and postural balance (-2.3 falls; 95% CI: -3.9, -0.6). Similar findings were observed after 1-month of training cessation, except for RHR and blood glucose that returned to baseline levels in the RF group. In conclusion, RF provides broad-spectrum fitness and health benefits but no BP effects in men with TAHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Teixeira
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Maia, Maia, Portugal
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environment Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Carlo Castagna
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Carlo Bo Urbino University, Urbino, Italy
| | - Magni Mohr
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Centre of Health Science, Faculty of Health, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - António Ascensão
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Pereira
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- University of Maia, Maia, Portugal
| | - Ivone Carneiro
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Maia, Maia, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Coelho
- Porto Sports Medicine Center (IPDJ, IP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Martins
- Department of Clinical Pathology, São João University Hospital Centre and EPI Unit-ISPUP, Public Health Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - João Tiago Guimarães
- Department of Clinical Pathology, São João University Hospital Centre and EPI Unit-ISPUP, Public Health Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Susana Póvoas
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Maia, Maia, Portugal
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Climie RE, Alastruey J, Mayer CC, Schwarz A, Laucyte-Cibulskiene A, Voicehovska J, Bianchini E, Bruno RM, Charlton PH, Grillo A, Guala A, Hallab M, Hametner B, Jankowski P, Königstein K, Lebedeva A, Mozos I, Pucci G, Puzantian H, Terentes-Printzios D, Yetik-Anacak G, Park C, Nilsson PM, Weber T. Vascular ageing: moving from bench towards bedside. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2023; 30:1101-1117. [PMID: 36738307 PMCID: PMC7614971 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains one of the largest public health challenges of our time. Identifying individuals at increased cardiovascular risk at an asymptomatic, sub-clinical stage is of paramount importance for minimizing disease progression as well as the substantial health and economic burden associated with overt CVD. Vascular ageing (VA) involves the deterioration in vascular structure and function over time and ultimately leads to damage in the heart, brain, kidney, and other organs. Vascular ageing encompasses the cumulative effect of all cardiovascular risk factors on the arterial wall over the life course and thus may help identify those at elevated cardiovascular risk, early in disease development. Although the concept of VA is gaining interest clinically, it is seldom measured in routine clinical practice due to lack of consensus on how to characterize VA as physiological vs. pathological and various practical issues. In this state-of-the-art review and as a network of scientists, clinicians, engineers, and industry partners with expertise in VA, we address six questions related to VA in an attempt to increase knowledge among the broader medical community and move the routine measurement of VA a little closer from bench towards bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Climie
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St, 7000 Hobart, Australia
- Sports Cardiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne 3000, Australia
- Integrative Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease, Université de Paris, INSERM, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), 56 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jordi Alastruey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 249 Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Christopher C. Mayer
- Medical Signal Analysis, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Achim Schwarz
- ALF Distribution GmbH, Stephanstrasse 19, 52064 Aachen, Germany
| | - Agne Laucyte-Cibulskiene
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Sölvegatan 19 - BMC F12, 221 84 Lund, Malmö, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. C iurlionio g. 21, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Julija Voicehovska
- Department of Internal Diseases, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema str. 16, Riga, L-1007, Latvia
- Nephrology and Renal Replacement Therapy Clinics, Riga East University Hospital, Hipokrata str. 2, Riga, LV-1079, Latvia
| | - Elisabetta Bianchini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa (PI), Italy
| | - Rosa-Maria Bruno
- Integrative Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease, Université de Paris, INSERM, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), 56 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Peter H. Charlton
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, 2 Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Andrea Grillo
- Medicina Clinica, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Guala
- Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Paseo de la Vall d’Hebron, 129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magid Hallab
- Clinique Bizet, 23 Georges Bizet, 75116 Paris, France
| | - Bernhard Hametner
- Medical Signal Analysis, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Piotr Jankowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 231 Czerniakowska St., 00-416 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karsten Königstein
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health (DSBG) University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Lebedeva
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Dresden Heart Centre, Dresden University of Technology, Fetscher str. 76, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ioana Mozos
- Department of Functional Sciences-Pathophysiology, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, T. Vladimirescu Street 14, 300173 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Giacomo Pucci
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Terni University Hospital - Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Terni, Italy
| | - Houry Puzantian
- Hariri School of Nursing, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh 1107 2020, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dimitrios Terentes-Printzios
- First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 114 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Gunay Yetik-Anacak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Kayisdagi Cad. No:32 Atasehir, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Chloe Park
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK; and
| | - Peter M. Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Sölvegatan 19 - BMC F12, 221 84 Lund, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Thomas Weber
- Cardiology Department, Klinikum Wels-Grieskirchen, Grieskirchnerstrasse 42, 4600 Wels, Austria
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Green DJ, Chasland LC, Naylor LH, Yeap BB. New Horizons: Testosterone or Exercise for Cardiometabolic Health in Older Men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:2141-2153. [PMID: 36964918 PMCID: PMC10438896 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Middle-aged and older men have typically accumulated comorbidities, are increasingly sedentary, and have lower testosterone concentrations (T) compared to younger men. Reduced physical activity (PA) and lower T both are associated with, and may predispose to, metabolically adverse changes in body composition, which contribute to higher risks of cardiometabolic disease. Exercise improves cardiometabolic health, but sustained participation is problematic. By contrast, rates of T prescription have increased, particularly in middle-aged and older men without organic diseases of the hypothalamus, pituitary, or testes, reflecting the unproven concept of a restorative hormone that preserves health. Two recent large randomized trials of T, and meta-analyses of randomized trials, did not show a signal for adverse cardiovascular (CV) events, and T treatment on a background of lifestyle intervention reduced type 2 diabetes by 40% in men at high risk. Men with both higher endogenous T and higher PA levels have lower CV risk, but causality remains unproven. Exercise training interventions improve blood pressure and endothelial function in middle-aged and older men, without comparable benefits or additive effects of T treatment. Therefore, exercise training improves cardiometabolic health in middle-aged and older men when effectively applied as a supervised regimen incorporating aerobic and resistance modalities. Treatment with T may have indirect cardiometabolic benefits, mediated via favorable changes in body composition. Further evaluation of T as a pharmacological intervention to improve cardiometabolic health in aging men could consider longer treatment durations and combination with targeted exercise programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Green
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Lauren C Chasland
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- Allied Health Department, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Louise H Naylor
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- Allied Health Department, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Bu B Yeap
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
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Schneider VM, Domingues LB, Umpierre D, Tanaka H, Ferrari R. Exercise characteristics and blood pressure reduction after combined aerobic and resistance training: a systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression. J Hypertens 2023; 41:1068-1076. [PMID: 37115856 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to determine the efficacy of combined aerobic and strength training in adults with hypertension and the influence of exercise training characteristics on blood pressure (BP) reduction. METHODS Randomized clinical trials of interventions involving combined aerobic and strength training versus nonexercise control groups (Control) in adults with hypertension were included. The literature search was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane Central, EMBASE, Scopus, and LILACS until December 2021. A random effects meta-analysis was performed using the mean difference in BP changes from baseline, comparing combined aerobic and strength training vs. Control as the effective measure. A multivariate meta-regression analysis was also performed to evaluate the relationship between exercise training characteristics and magnitudes of BP reductions. RESULTS Thirty-seven studies with 41 exercise interventions (1942 participants) were analyzed. The pooled mean differences with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) showed significant reductions in SBP (-6.4 mmHg; 95% CI, -9.1 to -3.6) and DBP (-3.7 mmHg; 95% CI, -4.9 to -2.4). Meta-regression analysis revealed that greater exercise intensity and a greater number of sets in resistance training were associated with greater reductions in SBP. Greater exercise intensity was also associated with greater decreases in DBP. CONCLUSION Combined aerobic and resistance training is an effective intervention in reducing both SBP and DBP in adults with hypertension, with greater hypotensive effects expected with higher intensity and more volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius M Schneider
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
- Sports and Exercise Training Study Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lucas B Domingues
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
- Sports and Exercise Training Study Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniel Umpierre
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- Cardiovascular Aging Research Laboratory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Rodrigo Ferrari
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
- Sports and Exercise Training Study Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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de Souza Mesquita FO, Gambassi BB, de Oliveira Silva M, Moreira SR, Neves VR, Gomes-Neto M, Schwingel PA. Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Exercise Capacity, Blood Pressure, and Autonomic Responses in Patients With Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Health 2023; 15:571-578. [PMID: 36529986 PMCID: PMC10293559 DOI: 10.1177/19417381221139343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Despite the well-known positive effects of exercise in hypertensive patients, the best mode of exercise is still under discussion. OBJECTIVE A systematic review of the literature, synthesizing data on the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak), blood pressure (BP), cardiac autonomic modulation, and resting heart rate (HR) in patients with hypertension. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE (via PubMed), CENTRAL, PEDro database, and SciELO (from the earliest date available to December 31, 2020). STUDY SELECTION Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effects of HIIT in hypertensive patients. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 2. DATA EXTRACTION Mean differences (MDs) with a 95% CI were calculated, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test. RESULTS Nine RCTs encompassing 569 patients met the eligibility criteria and were included in the systematic review. Five trials compared supervised HIIT with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and a control; 1 trial compared HIIT with MICT, and 3 compared HIIT with a control. In comparison with MICT, HIIT improved VO2 peak MD (3.3 mL.kg-1.min-1; 95% CI, 1.4-5.3; N = 130). In comparison with controls, HIIT improved VO2 peak MD (4.4 mL.kg-1.min-1; 95% CI, 2.5-6.2; N = 162). CONCLUSION Despite the low quality of the evidence, HIIT is superior to MICT in improving VO2 peak in patients with hypertension. HIIT effectively improved VO2 peak, BP, and resting HR when compared with controls. HIIT appears to be safe only when performed in a supervised manner for stage 1 hypertension patients without associated risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabricio Olinda de Souza Mesquita
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Desempenho Humano (LAPEDH), UPE, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Bruno Bavaresco Gambassi
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Desempenho Humano (LAPEDH), UPE, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gestão de Programas e Serviços de Saúde (MGPSS), São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | - Sérgio Rodrigues Moreira
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Desempenho Humano (LAPEDH), UPE, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde e Biológicas (PPGCSB), Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Victor Ribeiro Neves
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Desempenho Humano (LAPEDH), UPE, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional (PPGRDF), UPE, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Mansueto Gomes-Neto
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Desempenho Humano (LAPEDH), UPE, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Paulo Adriano Schwingel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Desempenho Humano (LAPEDH), UPE, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional (PPGRDF), UPE, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Zhou H, Wang S, Zhao C, He H. Effect of exercise on vascular function in hypertension patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1013490. [PMID: 36620631 PMCID: PMC9812646 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1013490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the effect of exercise on vascular function in patients with pre- and hypertension. Methods A systematic review of articles retrieved via the PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, and Web of Science databases was conducted. All the randomized controlled trials published between the establishment of the databases and October 2022 were included. Studies that evaluated the effects of exercise intervention on vascular function in patients with pre- and hypertension were selected. Results A total of 717 subjects were included in 12 randomized controlled trials. The meta-analysis showed that in patients with pre- and hypertension, exercise can significantly reduce systolic blood pressure (SBP) (MD = -4.89; 95% CI, -7.05 to -2.73; P < 0.00001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (MD = -3.74; 95% CI, -5.18 to -2.29; P < 0.00001) and can improve endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilatation (MD = 2.14; 95% CI, 1.71-2.61; P < 0.00001), and exercise did not reduce pulse wave velocity (PWV) (MD = 0.03, 95% CI, -0.45-0.50; P = 0.92). Regression analysis showed that changes in exercise-related vascular function were independent of subject medication status, baseline SBP, age and duration of intervention. Conclusion Aerobic, resistance, and high-intensity intermittent exercise all significantly improved SBP, DBP, and FMD in pre- and hypertensive patients, however, they were not effective in reducing PWV, and this effect was independent of the subject's medication status, baseline SBP, age and duration of intervention. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42022302646.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayi Zhou
- College of Sport and Human Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengya Wang
- College of Sport and Human Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Changtao Zhao
- Department of Physical Health and Arts Education, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Hui He
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Hui He,
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9
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Li L, Liu X, Shen F, Xu N, Li Y, Xu K, Li J, Liu Y. Effects of high-intensity interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training on blood pressure in patients with hypertension: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32246. [PMID: 36550888 PMCID: PMC9771301 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This meta-analysis aimed to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension to explore more suitable training. METHODS PubMed, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, and VIP databases were searched for randomized controlled trials published between January 2002 and November 2022. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were selected as the effect scale indices for the evaluation of the differences in post-intervention systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate, maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), and flow-mediated vasodilation. All these were compared using Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 14.0. RESULTS A total of 13 randomized controlled trials and 442 patients were included. The meta-analyses revealed no statistically significant differences between HIIT and MICT in improving SBP and DBP in patients with hypertension. Subgroup analyses revealed that HIIT was better than MICT in reducing SBP during daytime monitoring (WMD = -4.14, 95%CI: [-6.98, -1.30], P < .001). In addition, HIIT increased flow-mediated vasodilation more than MICT in hypertensive patients (WMD = 2.75, 95%CI: [0.43, 5.07], P = .02). CONCLUSION HIIT and MICT have similar effects on the overall resting SBP and DBP in patients with hypertension and prehypertension. However, HIIT is better than MICT at reducing SBP during daytime monitoring. In addition, HIIT can improve vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Shen
- Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Naxin Xu
- Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Li
- Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Junping Li
- Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- * Correspondence: Yong Liu, Beijing Sport University, No. 48 Xinxi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China (e-mail: )
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Ren J, Xiao H, Wang P. Acute Effects of the Interval and Duration of Intermittent Exercise on Arterial Stiffness in Young Men. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16847. [PMID: 36554739 PMCID: PMC9779233 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We proved the hypothesis that intermittent exercise would have a better effect on arterial stiffness by shortening the duration of intervals and increasing the number of bouts. Twenty healthy male college students (20.4 ± 0.4 years) were randomly assigned to a quiet control (CON), 30 min continuous exercise (CE), long-interval intermittent exercise with long intervals (IELL), long-interval intermittent exercise with short intervals (IELS), and short-interval intermittent exercise with short intervals (IESS). The intensity was set to 45% of the heart rate reserve. The brachial-ankle pulse wave (baPWV) was measured at baseline (BL), 0 min post-exercise, 20 min post-exercise, 40 min post-exercise, and 60 min post-exercise. BaPWV changes (⊿baPWV) from the BL in the same tests were used for the analysis. ⊿baPWV did not change significantly in the CON. ⊿baPWV decreased significantly at 0, 20, and 40 min in all exercise tests. ⊿baPWV decreased significantly at 60 min in IELS and IESS. At 60 min, the ⊿baPWV of IELS and IESS was still significantly lower than that of CON and CE, and the ⊿baPWV of IESS was still significantly lower than that of IELS. Hence, shortening the intervals of intermittent exercise and increasing the number of repetitions may enhance the effect of improving arterial stiffness.
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11
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The Impact of Obesity on C1q/TNF-Related Protein-9 Expression and Endothelial Function following Acute High-Intensity Interval Exercise vs. Continuous Moderate-Intensity Exercise. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11111667. [DOI: 10.3390/biology11111667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
C1q-TNF-related protein-9 (CTRP9) increases endothelial nitric oxide synthase and reduces vasoconstrictors. There is limited information regarding exercise-mediated CTRP9 in obesity. The purpose of this study was to compare high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CME) on the CTRP9 response and an indicator of endothelial function (FMD) in obese participants. Sixteen young male participants (9 obese and 7 normal-weight) participated in a counterbalanced and caloric equated experiment: HIIE (30 min, 4 intervals of 4 min at 80–90% of VO2 max with 3 min rest between intervals) and CME (38 min at 50–60% VO2 max). Serum CTRP9 and FMD were measured prior to, immediately following exercise, and 1 h and 2 h into recovery. CTRP9 was significantly increased immediately following acute HIIE and CME in both groups (p = 0.003). There was a greater CME-induced FMD response at 2 h into recovery in obese participants (p = 0.009). A positive correlation between CTRP9 and FMD percent change was observed in response to acute CME when combined with both obese and normal-weight participants (r = 0.589, p = 0.016). The novel results from this study provide a foundation for additional examination of the mechanisms of exercise-mediated CTRP9 on endothelial function in individuals with obesity.
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Changes in Arterial Stiffness in Response to Various Types of Exercise Modalities: A Narrative Review on Physiological and Endothelial Senescence Perspectives. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223544. [PMID: 36428973 PMCID: PMC9688701 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness is a reliable independent predictor of cardiovascular events. Exercise training might enhance arterial compliance through improved metabolic health status. Different modes of exercise may have different effects on arterial stiffness. However, the interactions among different modes of exercise on endothelial senescence, the development of arterial vascular stiffness, and the associated molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. In this narrative review, we evaluate the current evidence focusing on the effects of various exercise modes on arterial stiffness and vascular health, and the known underlying physiological mechanisms are discussed as well. Here, we discuss the most recent evidence of aerobic exercise, high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and resistance exercise (RE) on arterial stiffness and endothelial senescence in physiological and cellular studies. Indeed, aerobic, HIIT, and progression RE-induced arterial compliance may reduce arterial stiffness by effectively promoting nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and reducing endothelial senescence. However, the transient increase in inflammation and sympathetic activation may contribute to the temporary elevation in arterial stiffness following whole-body high-intensity acute resistance exercise.
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13
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Álvarez C, Guede-Rojas F, Ramírez-Campillo R, Andrade DC, Vásquez-Gómez J, Rodríguez-Rodríguez F, Ciolac EG, Caamaño-Navarrete F, Delgado-Floody P. Characterizing the interindividual postexercise hypotension response for two order groups of concurrent training in patients with morbid obesity. Front Physiol 2022; 13:913645. [PMID: 36299263 PMCID: PMC9589449 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.913645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Postexercise hypotension (PEH) is a common physiological phenomenon occurring immediately after endurance training (ET), resistance training (RT), and ET plus RT, also termed concurrent training (CT); however, there is little knowledge about the interindividual and magnitude response of PEH in morbidly obese patients. Aim: The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the effect of CT order (ET + RT vs. RT + ET) on the blood pressure responses; 2) characterize these responses in responders and nonresponders, and 3) identify potential baseline outcomes for predicting blood pressure decreases as responders. Methods: A quasi-experimental study developed in sedentary morbidly obese men and women (age 43.6 ± 11.3 years; body mass index [BMI] ≥40 kg/m2) was assigned to a CT group of ET plus RT (ET + RT; n = 19; BMI 47.8 ± 16.7) or RT plus ET order group (RT + ET; n = 17; BMI 43.0 ± 8.0). Subjects of both groups received eight exercise sessions over four weeks. Primary outcomes include systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), mean arterial pressure [MAP], heart rate at rest [HR], and pulse pressure [PP] measurements before and after 10 min post-exercise. Secondary outcomes were other anthropometric, body composition, metabolic, and physical fitness parameters. Using the delta ∆SBP reduction, quartile categorization (Q) in “high” (Rs: quartile 4), “moderate” (MRs: quartile 3), “low” (LRs: quartile 2), and “nonresponders” (NRs: quartile 1) was reported. Results: Significant pre–post changes were observed in ET + RT in session 2 for SBP (131.6 vs. 123.4 mmHg, p = 0.050) and session 4 (131.1 vs. 125.2 mmHg, p = 0.0002), while the RT + ET group showed significant reductions in session 4 (134.2 vs. 125.3 mmHg, p < 0.001). No significant differences were detected in the sum of the eight sessions for SBP (∑∆SBP) between ET + RT vs. RT + ET (−5.7 vs. −4.3 mmHg, p = 0.552). Interindividual analyses revealed significant differences among frequencies comparing Q1 “NRs” (n = 8; 22.2%), Q2 “LRs” (n = 8; 22.2%), Q3 “MRs” (n = 9; 25.0%), and Q4 “HRs” (n = 11; 30.5%), p < 0.0001. Quartile comparisons showed significant differences in SBP changes (p = 0.035). Linear regression analyses revealed significant association between ∑∆SBP with body fat % (β –3.826, R2 0.211 [21.1%], p = 0.031), skeletal muscle mass [β –2.150, R2 0.125 (12.5%), p = 0.023], fasting glucose [β 1.273, R2 0.078 (7.8%), p = 0.003], triglycerides [β 0.210, R2 0.014 (1.4%), p = 0.008], and the 6-min walking test [β 0.183, R2 0.038 (3.8%), p = 0.044]. Conclusion: The CT order of ET + RT and RT + ET promote a similar ‘magnitude’ in the postexercise hypotensive effects during the eight sessions of both CT orders in 4 weeks of training duration, revealing “nonresponders” and ‘high’ responders that can be predicted from body composition, metabolic, and physical fitness outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Álvarez
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Guede-Rojas
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Ramírez-Campillo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - David C. Andrade
- Exercise Applied Physiology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Fisiología y Medicina de Altura, Departamento Biomedico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Jaime Vásquez-Gómez
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Laboratorio de Rendimiento Humano, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | | | - Emmanuel Gomes Ciolac
- Exercise and Chronic Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, Sáo Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Buazil
| | | | - Pedro Delgado-Floody
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Department Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Strength & Conditioning Laboratory, CTS-642 Research Group, Department Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- *Correspondence: Pedro Delgado-Floody,
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14
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A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of High-Intensity Interval Training in People with Cardiovascular Disease at Improving Depression and Anxiety. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8322484. [PMID: 36248418 PMCID: PMC9560824 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8322484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background To assess the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on depression and anxiety symptom in people with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) compared with usual care (UC) and traditional aerobic continuous training (CT). Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the effectiveness of HIIT on depression and/or anxiety outcomes before and after treatment in people with CVDs were included. A systematic search of database containing PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EMBASE, SPORTSDiscus, and CINAHL (EBSCOhost) was performed up to December 2021. The analyses of study characteristics, heterogeneity, and forest plot in analyses analogous were conducted via the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) in random- or fixed-effect models as the measure of effectiveness. Results Twelve independent studies (515 participants) were included. One study was rated as low quality, and four studies were evaluated as high quality. The other studies were rated as moderate quality. Visual interpretation of funnel plots and Egger test indicated no evidence of publication bias. There was a statistically significant reduction in the severity of depression (12 studies, SMD = -0.42 [Random], 95% CI, -0.69 to -0.16, p=0.002, I 2 = 52%) rather than that of anxiety symptoms (8 studies, SMD = -0.14 [Fixed], 95% CI, -0.35 to 0.06, p=0.18, I 2 = 0%) following HIIT compared with UC and CT control groups. Subgroup analysis revealed that high-intensity treadmill training significantly improved (p=0.01) the depression symptom instead of training with a cycle ergometer (p=0.07) and strength training (p=0.40). Conclusions High-intensity interval treadmill training can significantly improve symptoms of depression rather than anxiety in cardiovascular patients compared to usual care and conventional aerobic continuous training.
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15
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Delgado-Floody P, Chirosa-Ríos L, Caamaño-Navarrete F, Valdés-Badilla P, Herrera-Valenzuela T, Monsalves-Álvarez M, Núñez-Espinosa C, Castro-Sepulveda M, Guzmán-Muñoz E, Andrade DC, Álvarez C. Concurrent training and interindividual response in women with a high number of metabolic syndrome risk factors. Front Physiol 2022; 13:934038. [PMID: 36217503 PMCID: PMC9546759 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.934038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-responders (NRs) after exercise training have been poorly studied in populations with morbid obesity. The purpose of this study was to determine the NR prevalence after 20 weeks of concurrent training of morbidly obese women with a high or low number of metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors. Twenty-eight women with morbid obesity participated in an exercise training intervention and were allocated into two groups distributed based on a high (≥3, n = 11) or low number (<3, n = 17) of MetS risk factors. The main outcomes were waist circumference (WC), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high-density lipids (HDL-c), triglycerides (Tg), and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, and secondary outcomes were body composition, anthropometric and physical fitness, determined before and after 20 weeks of concurrent training. NRs were defined as previously used technical error cut-off points for the MetS outcomes. Significantly different (all p < 0.05) prevalences of NRs between the H-MetS vs. L-MetS groups (respectively) in WC (NRs 18.2 % vs. 41.1 %, p < 0.0001), SBP (NRs 72.7 % vs. 47.0 %, p = 0.022), DBP (NRs 54.5 % vs. 76.4 %, p < 0.0001), FPG (NRs 100% vs. 64.8 %, p < 0.0001), and HDL-c (NRs 90.9 % vs. 64.7 %, p = 0.012) were observed. In addition, the H-MetS group evidenced significant changes on ΔSBP (−10.2 ± 11.4 mmHg), ΔFPG (−5.8 ± 8.2 mg/dl), ΔHDL-c (+4.0 ± 5.9 mg/dl), and ΔTg (−8.8 ± 33.8 mg/dl), all p < 0.05. The L-MetS group only showed significant changes in ΔWC (−3.8 ± 5.0 cm, p = 0.009). Comparing H-MetS vs. L-MetS groups, significant differences were observed in ∆FPG (−5.8 ± 8.2 vs. +0.3 ± 3.2 mg/dl, p = 0.027), but not in other MetS outcomes. In conclusion, 20 weeks of concurrent training promotes greater beneficial effects in morbidly obese patients with a high number of MetS risk factors. However, the NR prevalence for improving MetS outcomes was significantly superior in these more-diseased groups in SBP, FPG, and HDL-c, independent of their major training-induced effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Delgado-Floody
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Department Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis Chirosa-Ríos
- Department Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Valdés-Badilla
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Carrera de Entrenador Deportivo, Escuela de Educación, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Tomás Herrera-Valenzuela
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Matías Monsalves-Álvarez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O’Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
- Human Performance Laboratory, Motion Training, Rehab and Nutrition, Lo Barnechea, Chile
| | - Cristian Núñez-Espinosa
- School of Medicine, University of Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Centro Asistencial de Docencia e Investigación, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Chile, Chile
| | - Mauricio Castro-Sepulveda
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio y Metabolismo (LABFEM), Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Guzmán-Muñoz
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | - David C. Andrade
- Exercise Applied Physiology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Fisiología y Medicina de Altura, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Cristian Álvarez
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Cristian Álvarez,
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The effect of two types of diet on apoptosis indexes, lipid profile and histopathological outcome in acute kidney injury during exercise. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:315. [PMID: 36123655 PMCID: PMC9487158 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02938-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise and some pre-AKI diets have been shown to improve injury, apoptosis, and lipid profile. In this study, the effect of two different diets along with exercise training on acute kidney injury (AKI) was investigated. Materials and methods Laboratory rats were randomly divided into four groups of control, standard diet + exercise, exercise + calorie restriction (CR) and exercise + time restriction (TR). Each group was divided into two subgroups of AKI and no AKI. The animals received endurance training and diet regimens before AKI. Fasting blood glucose, serum creatinine, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) and histopathological outcome of renal tissue as well as serum lipid profile of animals were assessed 24 h after AKI. Results The percentage of changes in renal Bcl2 and Bax after AKI in the group with previous exercise was lower than the group without previous exercise (p < 0.01). After induction of AKI, serum lipid profile changed in non-exercised rats (p < 0.001). Also, after injury, fasting blood glucose levels increased in non-exercised rats (p < 0.05). After injury, the start of both CR and TR diets during exercise caused less change in Bcl2 and Bax of non-exercised rats compared to exercised rats (p < 0.001). CR diet along with exercise improved lipid profile, and also CR diet along exercise decreased fasting blood glucose levels (p < 0.001). Also, both the CR and TR diets during exercise caused fewer changes in histopathological outcome after AKI. Conclusion Exercise alone decreased changes in apoptotic and histopathological indexes, fasting blood glucose, as well as lipid profile of rats after AKI. Reduction of apoptosis and improvement of histopathological outcome after AKI appeared more when CR and TR diets were commenced during exercise. The reduction of lipid profile changes was more pronounced in the group that received CR diet during exercise.
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Li G, Lv Y, Su Q, You Q, Yu L. The effect of aerobic exercise on pulse wave velocity in middle-aged and elderly people: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:960096. [PMID: 36061566 PMCID: PMC9433655 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.960096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of research examines the effect of aerobic exercise on pulse wave velocity (PWV) in middle-aged and elderly people, while findings of available studies were conflicting. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of aerobic exercise on PWV in middle-aged and elderly people. Searches were performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases. Cochrane risk assessment tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included literature. We included studies that satisfied the following criteria: (1) eligible studies should be randomized controlled trials (RCTs); (2) eligible studies should include both an intervention and a control group; (3) eligible studies should use the middle-aged or elderly people as subjects; and (4) eligible studies should use PWV as the outcome measure. From 972 search records initially identified, 11 studies with a total of 12 exercise groups (n = 245) and 11 control groups (n = 239) were eligible for meta-analysis. There was a significant effect of aerobic exercise on reducing PWV in middle-aged and elderly people [weighted mean difference (WMD), –0.75 (95% CI, –1.21 to –0.28), p = 0.002]. Specifically, a higher intensity [vigorous-intensity, –0.74 (–1.34 to –0.14), p = 0.02; moderate-intensity, –0.68 (–1.49 to 0.12), p = 0.10], a younger age [45 years ≤ age < 60 years, –0.57 (–0.78 to –0.37), p < 0.00001; age ≥ 60 years, –0.91 (–2.10 to 0.27), p = 0.13], a better health status [healthy, –1.19 (–2.06 to –0.31), p = 0.008; diseased, –0.32 (–0.64 to –0.01), p = 0.04], and a lower basal body mass index (BMI) [BMI < 25, –1.19 (–2.06 to –0.31), p = 0.008; 25 ≤ BMI < 30, –0.52 (–0.92 to –0.12), p = 0.01; BMI ≥ 30, –0.09 (–0.93 to 0.76), p = 0.84] were associatedwith larger reductions in PWV. Aerobic exercise, especially vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise, contributed to reducing PWV in middle-aged and elderly people. The effect of aerobic exercise on improving PWV was associated with characteristics of the participants. Specifically, a younger age, a better health status, and a lower basal BMI contributed to more significant reductions in PWV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- Department of Strength and Conditioning Training, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Su
- Ersha Sports Training Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuping You
- Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Laikang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- Department of Strength and Conditioning Training, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Laikang Yu,
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Effectiveness of High-Intensity Interval Training and Continuous Moderate-Intensity Training on Blood Pressure in Physically Inactive Pre-Hypertensive Young Adults. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9080246. [PMID: 36005410 PMCID: PMC9410224 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9080246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The likelihood of pre-hypertensive young adults developing hypertension has been steadily increasing in recent years. Despite the fact that aerobic exercise training (AET) has demonstrated positive results in lowering high blood pressure, the efficacy of different types of AET among pre-hypertensive young adults has not been well-established. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and continuous moderate-intensity training (CMT) on the blood pressure (BP) of physically inactive pre-hypertensive young adults. In total, 32 adults (age 20.0 ± 1.1 years and BMI 21.5 ± 1.8) were randomly assigned to three groups: HIIT, CMT and control (CON). The HIIT and CMT groups participated in 5 weeks of AET, while the CON group followed a DASH diet plan only. The HIIT protocol consisted of a 1:4 min work to rest ratio of participants, at an 80−85% heart rate reserve (HR-reserve) and a 40−60% HR-reserve, respectively, for 20 min; the CMT group exercised at 40−60% of their HR-reserve continuously for 20 min. In both the HIIT and CMT groups, systolic blood pressure (SBP) (3.8 ± 2.8 mmHg, p = 0.002 vs. 1.6 ± 1.5 mmHg, p = 0.011) was significantly reduced, while significant reductions in the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (2.9 ± 2.2 mmHg, p = 0.002) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) (3.1 ± 1.6 mmHg, p < 0.0005) were noted only in the HIIT group. No significant differences in SBP (−0.4 ± 3.7 mmHg, p = 0.718), DBP (0.4 ± 3.4 mmHg, p = 0.714), or MAP (0.1 ± 2.5 mmHg, p = 0.892) were observed in the CON group. Both HIIT and CMT decreased BP in physically inactive pre-hypertensive young adults; however, HIIT yielded more beneficial results in terms of reducing the SPB, DBP and MAP.
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Carreira-Míguez M, Belinchón-deMiguel PP, Clemente-Suárez VJ. Behavioural, odontological and physical activity patterns of hypertense and control population. Physiol Behav 2022; 252:113841. [PMID: 35561809 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Behavioural and multifactorial factors such as odontological and physical activity habits are controlling factors in hypertension. The aim of the present study was to analyze differences in behavioral, odontological and physical activity patterns of hypertense and control population. Fifty participants with hypertension (57.5±13.6 years) and 100 participants as control group with no hypertension disease (48.9±7.9 years) were interviewed via online questionnaire. Multifactorial items in oral behavioral, health habits and physical activity profile were analyzed by a compendium of questionnaires. Result showed how control group showed significantly lower age, weight, body mass index, TV hours per day, gastritis or heartburn, dental sensibility, and sick days last year, and significantly higher level of academic education, quality of sleep and daily toothbrushing than hypertension group. In conclusion our results showed that hypertense patients presented higher levels of overweight, poor sleep quality and sedentary behaviors than control participants. In addition, hypertense patients also presented poor odontological health, showing higher indices of gastritis, dental sensibility, and sick days per year. Both groups presented a low physical activity pattern. This information allows to better understand of a multifactorial disease, as well to the creation of protocols for intervention and prevention of this disease at the behavioral level and lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Carreira-Míguez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, Madrid 28670 , Spain.
| | | | - Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, Madrid 28670 , Spain; Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia.
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20
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Ikebe H, Cho N, Matsumoto N, Ishido M, Nakamura T, Nishiwaki M. Regular exercise ball training reduces arterial stiffness in sedentary middle-aged males. J Phys Ther Sci 2022; 34:386-392. [PMID: 35527848 PMCID: PMC9057684 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.34.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Reports suggest that static stretching, which improves body flexibility, could reduce arterial stiffness. Regular training using an exercise ball would increase flexibility in a different manner, compared to that from static stretching; however, it remains unclear whether such exercise can reduce arterial stiffness. This study aimed to clarify the effect of exercise ball training on arterial stiffness in sedentary middle-aged participants. [Participants and Methods] Fifteen healthy middle-aged males (age, 52 ± 12 years) were divided into a control group (n=7, CON) and an intervention group (n=8, INT). The CON group did not alter physical activity levels throughout the study period, while the INT group participated in supervised training sessions using an exercise ball for 20-30 min, 5 days/week, for a duration of 4 weeks. [Results] Exercise ball training significantly increased the sit-and-reach test score (CON, -3.8 ± 11.1% vs. INT, 33.8 ± 47.5%) and reduced cardio-ankle vascular index (CON, -0.8 ± 4.1% vs. INT, -5.7 ± 4.1%) and heart-ankle pulse wave velocity (CON, 1.6 ± 4.5% vs. INT, -4.2 ± 4.6%), as an index of arterial stiffness. [Conclusion] Four weeks of supervised training using an exercise ball as well as regular static stretching would increase body flexibility and reduce systemic arterial stiffness among sedentary middle-aged males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harumi Ikebe
- Graduate Course in Applied Chemistry, Environmental and
Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Japan
- Faculty of Human Studies, Taisei Gakuin University,
Japan
| | - Nanami Cho
- Faculty of Environmental Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural
University of Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Matsumoto
- Faculty of Environmental Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural
University of Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Minenori Ishido
- Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology:
5-16-1 Ohmiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakamura
- Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology:
5-16-1 Ohmiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Masato Nishiwaki
- Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology:
5-16-1 Ohmiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
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Cruz R, Koch S, Matsuda M, Marquezini M, Sforça ML, Lima-Silva AE, Saldiva P, Koehle M, Bertuzzi R. Air pollution and high-intensity interval exercise: Implications to anti-inflammatory balance, metabolome and cardiovascular responses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:151094. [PMID: 34688752 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) is an effective non-pharmacological tool for improving physiological responses related to health. When HIIE is performed in urban centers, however, the exerciser is exposed to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP), which is associated with metabolic, anti-inflammatory imbalance and cardiovascular diseases. This paradoxical combination has the potential for conflicting health effects. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of HIIE performed in TRAP exposure on serum cytokines, non-target metabolomics and cardiovascular parameters. Fifteen participants performed HIIE in a chamber capable to deliver filtered air (FA condition) or non-filtered air (TRAP condition) from a polluted site adjacent to the exposure chamber. Non-target blood serum metabolomics, blood serum cytokines and blood pressure analyses were collected in both FA and TRAP conditions at baseline, 10 min after exercise, and 1 h after exercise. The TRAP increased IL-6 concentration by 1.7 times 1 h after exercise (p < 0.01) and did not change the anti-inflammatory balance (IL-10/TNF-α ratio). In contrast, FA led to an increase in IL-10 and IL-10/TNF-α ratio (p < 0.01), by 2.1 and 2.3 times, respectively. The enrichment analysis showed incomplete fatty acid metabolism under the TRAP condition (p < 0.05) 10 min after exercise. There was also an overactivity of ketone body metabolism (p < 0.05) at 10 min and at 1 h after exercise with TRAP. Exercise-induced acute decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) was not observed at 10 min and impaired at 1 h after exercise (p < 0.05). These findings reveal that TRAP potentially attenuates health benefits often related to HIIE. For instance, the anti-inflammatory balance was impaired, accompanied by accumulation of metabolites related to energy supply and reduction to exercise-induced decrease in SBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Cruz
- Endurance Performance Research Group (GEDAE-USP), School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Sports Center, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Sarah Koch
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat de Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monique Matsuda
- Laboratory of Investigation in Ophthalmology (LIM-33), Division of Ophthalmology, University of São Paulo Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Monica Marquezini
- Laboratory of Investigation in Ophthalmology (LIM-33), Division of Ophthalmology, University of São Paulo Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Pro-Sangue Foundation, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauricio L Sforça
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano E Lima-Silva
- Human Performance Research Group, Academic Department of Physical Education (DAEFI), Technological Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Paulo Saldiva
- Institute of Advanced Studies, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Michael Koehle
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Romulo Bertuzzi
- Endurance Performance Research Group (GEDAE-USP), School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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22
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Acute effects of low-volume intermittent versus higher-volume continuous exercise on arterial stiffness in healthy young men. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1749. [PMID: 35110636 PMCID: PMC8810920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05800-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
To compare the acute effects of low-volume intermittent and higher-volume continuous exercise on arterial stiffness, 20 healthy men (22.4 ± 0.4 years) were randomized to non-exercise control (CON), high-volume Continuous Exercise (CE), lower-volume Intermittent exercise of Long bouts with Long interval (ILL), of Long bouts with Short interval (ILS), and of Short bouts with Short interval trial (ISS). Exercise intensity was 35% heart rate reserve. Arterial stiffness in Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) was measured at baseline (BL), immediately (0 min) and 40 min after exercise. CAVI changes from BL in the same trial (⊿CAVI) were used for analysis. There was no significant ⊿CAVI change in CON. ⊿CAVI decreased significantly at 0 min in all exercise trials, and reverted to baseline at 40 min only in CE and ILL. At 40 min, ⊿CAVI in ILS and ISS remained significantly lower than that of CON and CE. When ILS and ISS were compared with CON at 40 min, only ⊿CAVI in ISS remained significantly lower than that of CON. Despite low volume, the effect of intermittent exercise on arterial stiffness could be either equal or superior to that of higher-volume continuous exercise.
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Salmanpour M, Soori R, H'mida C, Halouani J, Clarck CT, Pournemati P, Yari SM, Trabelsi K, Ammar A, Chtourou H, Taheri M. The effect of 8 weeks of combined interval (resistance-interval training) and combined endurance (endurance-resistance training) on plasma levels of adropin and nitric oxide in males with high blood pressure. Ir J Med Sci 2022; 191:2559-2568. [PMID: 35029793 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-021-02873-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nitric oxide (NO) is a vasodilator that plays an important role in blood pressure control. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of 8 weeks of resistance-interval and endurance-resistance trainings on plasma levels of adropin and NO in males with hypertension. METHOD Forty-five patients with hypertension were recruited and divided into 3 groups of control (age = 51.1 ± 6.4 years, body mass = 80.4 ± 9.2 kg), resistance-interval training (age = 50.7 ± 5.5 years, body mass = 78.1 ± 11 kg), and endurance-resistance training (age = 52.8 ± 6.1 years, body mass = 79.6 ± 9.2 kg). The resistance training program was performed in 2 sets, 10 to 15 repetitions, with 50% intensity of one repetition maximum. Increasing endurance training was performed for 30-40 min at 60-70% of maximum heart rate (HRmax) on the bike. The high-intensity interval training program consisted of 4 intervals of 80 to 90% of HRmax and 3-min recovery periods of 60 to 70% of HRmax. Blood samples were collected 1 week before the start of the training program and 48 h after the last training session. Plasma levels of adropin and nitrite/nitrate were measured by ELISA before and after the exercise interventions. RESULTS Eight weeks of resistance-interval and endurance-resistance trainings increased plasma levels of adropin and NO and decreased blood pressure (P ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, plasma levels of adropin increased in both exercise groups, whereas NO levels increased only in the endurance-resistance training. Systolic blood pressure decreased in the resistance-interval training (P ≤ 0.05) while it remained unchanged in the endurance-resistance group. CONCLUSION Resistance-interval and endurance-resistance trainings are effective in decreasing blood pressure by increasing cardiorespiratory capacity and plasma levels of adropin and NO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rahman Soori
- Professor of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Cyrine H'mida
- Institut Supérieur du Sport Et de L'éducation Physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health. EM2S, LR19JS01., High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax., Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Jamel Halouani
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health. EM2S, LR19JS01., High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax., Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Cain T Clarck
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Parisa Pournemati
- Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Khaled Trabelsi
- Institut Supérieur du Sport Et de L'éducation Physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health. EM2S, LR19JS01., High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax., Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Institut Supérieur du Sport Et de L'éducation Physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Morteza Taheri
- Department of Sport Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
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Zaki S, Moiz J, Bhati P, Menon G. Efficacy of high-intensity interval training on cardiac autonomic modulation in cardiovascular diseases and lifestyle disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3920/cep210009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The study aims to investigate the literature on the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiac autonomic function in individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and lifestyle disorders. We performed electronic database search from CENTRAL, WoS, Scopus, Pubmed, and PEDro up to 25th February 2021. Randomised control trials/quasi-experimental trials/cross-over trials that assessed the effects of HIIT with control/alternative treatment on cardiac autonomic control were included in this review. A total of 11 studies were included for qualitative analysis and among them, 8 were quantitatively analysed. A random-effect model of standardised mean difference (SMD) and mean difference of the respective outcome measures for cardiac autonomic control was determined. The findings of the qualitative analysis revealed the beneficial effects of HIIT on cardiac autonomic modulation. However, the majority of the studies had an unclear or high risk of bias for randomisation, concealment methods, and blinding of participants to the intervention that could have influenced the interpretation of the findings. The SMD revealed a significant effect of HIIT on standard deviation of N-N intervals (SDNN) (ms) [SMD: 0.40, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.001 to 0.80, P=0.05], high frequency power (HF) (ms2) [0.46, 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.76, P=0.002], and ratio of low and high frequency power, (LF/HF) [-0.80, 95% CI: -1.27 to -0.33, P=0.0008]. In conclusion, HIIT may effectively modulate cardiac autonomic function by increasing parasympathetic dominance, sympathetic withdrawal, and sympathovagal balance in individuals with CVD and lifestyle disorders. The study has a PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021231225
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Zaki
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, 110025, New Delhi, India
| | - J.A. Moiz
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, 110025, New Delhi, India
| | - P. Bhati
- Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, 122505, Haryana, India
| | - G.R. Menon
- National Institute of Medical Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research, 110029, New Delhi, India
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Short-term community-based exercise programs in low-income older women: Does exercise intensity and modality matters? Exp Gerontol 2021; 156:111591. [PMID: 34653557 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to evaluate the effect of community-based exercise program (CBEP) intensity and modality on anthropometric, hemodynamic, and functional capacity parameters in low-income older women. Forty insufficiently active older women (68.2 ± 7.9 years) were randomly assigned to perform 12 weeks of twice-weekly high-intensity interval training combined with resistance training (HIIT+RT/n = 12), moderate-intensity continuous training combined with resistance training (MICT+RT/n = 13), or resistance training alone (RT/n = 15). Anthropometric (body mass index and waist circumference), hemodynamic (blood pressure and heart rate), and functional capacity variables (flexibility, upper and lower limb muscle strength, and mobility) were assessed before and after training programs. Waist circumference reduced similarly after all CBEP (~3 to ~4 cm; P < 0.05). Tendency toward reduction in diastolic blood pressure (~4 mm Hg; P = 0.073), and improvements in flexibility (14.5%, P = 0.011) and handgrip strength (15.8%; P = 0.02) were found only in HIIT+RT. Indeed, only RT was effective to improve five-time sit to stand (14.1%; P = 0.013). No significant difference between groups was found during follow-up in any variable. The results of present study suggest that low-income older women may improve anthropometric, hemodynamic and functional capacity variables by participating in twice-weekly short-term (i.e.: 12 weeks) CBEP. However, the CBEP-effects on hemodynamic and functional capacity appears to be affected by exercise intensity (only HIIT+RT tended toward improving diastolic BP) and modality (only RT improved significantly five-time sit to stand), respectively.
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Time-efficient, high-resistance inspiratory muscle strength training for cardiovascular aging. Exp Gerontol 2021; 154:111515. [PMID: 34389471 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of death in developed and developing societies and aging is the primary risk factor for CVD. Much of the increased risk of CVD in midlife/older adults (i.e., adults aged 50 years and older) is due to increases in blood pressure, vascular endothelial dysfunction and stiffening of the large elastic arteries. Aerobic exercise training is an effective lifestyle intervention to improve CV function and decrease CVD risk with aging. However, <40% of midlife/older adults meet guidelines for aerobic exercise, due to time availability-related barriers and other obstacles to adherence. Therefore, there is a need for new lifestyle interventions that not only improve CV function with aging but also promote adherence. High-resistance inspiratory muscle strength training (IMST) is an emerging, time-efficient (5 min/day) lifestyle intervention. Early research suggests high-resistance IMST may promote adherence, lower blood pressure and potentially improve vascular endothelial function. However, additional investigation will be required to more definitively establish high-resistance IMST as a healthy lifestyle intervention for CV aging. This review will summarize the current evidence on high-resistance IMST for improving CV function with aging and will identify key research gaps and future directions.
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Jurik R, Żebrowska A, Stastny P. Effect of an Acute Resistance Training Bout and Long-Term Resistance Training Program on Arterial Stiffness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:3492. [PMID: 34441788 PMCID: PMC8397161 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance training (RT) and exercise is useful for preventing cardiovascular disease, systolic hypertension and stroke, which are associated with the stiffening of the larger central arterial system. The aim of this systematic review was to (a) understand the changes in arterial stiffness (AS) in various parts of the body measurement after acute RT bout and long-term RT, and (b) to determine the impact of exercise intensity on these changes in healthy individuals. A systematic computerized search was performed according to the PRISMA in PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar with final selection of 23 studies. An acute RT bout led to a temporary increase in pulse wave velocity (PWV) regardless of the measurement method or intensity. A long-term RT at above an 80% repetition maximum (RM) have an ambiguous effect on PWV. A low-intensity RT or whole-body vibration training program decreased carotid-femoral PWV and brachial-ankle PWV (d = 1.02) to between 0.7 ± 1.4 ms-1 (p < 0.05) and 1.3 ± 1.07 ms-1 (p < 0.05) and improved other cardiac functions. A long-term RT of moderate (60-80% 1RM) or low intensity (<60% one-repetition maximum (1RM)) can decrease AS. Low and moderate intensity RT is beneficial to reduce high AS to prevent cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Jurik
- Department of Sport Games, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aleksandra Żebrowska
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Petr Stastny
- Department of Sport Games, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic
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Fernandes B, Barbieri FA, Marҫal IR, do Amaral VT, Simieli L, Penedo T, Ciolac EG. Hemodynamic response to exercise is impaired in individuals with Parkinson's disease. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 62:389-394. [PMID: 34275259 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess hemodynamic and cardiac autonomic response to high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) versus moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS 12 individuals (six men) with PD were randomly assigned to perform HIIE (4 min of warm-up followed by 21 min alternating 1 min at levels 15-17 with 2 min at levels 9-11 of rating of perceived exertion [RPE] in a cycle ergometer), MICE (4 min of warm-up followed by 26 min at levels 11-14 of RPE in a cycle ergometer) and control (CON; 30 min of sitting rest) interventions in separate days. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), endothelial reactivity and heart rate variability (HRV) were assessed before, immediately after and 45 min after each intervention. HR and exercise workload were measured during each intervention. RESULTS Despite the within (high- vs. low-intensity intervals of HIIE) and between (HIIE vs. MICE) differences in workload during exercise sessions, HR was not different between high- (average HR = 98±18 bpm) and low-intensity (average HR 97±19 bpm) intervals of HIIE, as well as between HIIE (average HR = 97±18 bpm) and MICE (average HR = 93±19 bpm) throughout the exercise. There were significant, but small, increases (P < 0.01) in HR and systolic BP at post HIIE and MICE, which returned to levels similar to pre-intervention during recovery. There were no within- and betweenintervention differences in diastolic BP, endothelial reactivity and HRV. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that hemodynamic response to exercise is impaired in individuals with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Fernandes
- Exercise and Chronic Disease Research Laboratory (ECDR), Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | | | - Isabela R Marҫal
- Exercise and Chronic Disease Research Laboratory (ECDR), Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Vanessa T do Amaral
- Exercise and Chronic Disease Research Laboratory (ECDR), Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Lucas Simieli
- Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Tiago Penedo
- Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel G Ciolac
- Exercise and Chronic Disease Research Laboratory (ECDR), Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil -
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29
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Allen JR, Satiroglu R, Fico B, Tanaka H, Vardarli E, Luci JJ, Coyle EF. Inertial Load Power Cycling Training Increases Muscle Mass and Aerobic Power in Older Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:1188-1193. [PMID: 33433149 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reductions in skeletal muscle mass, beginning after the third decade of life, reduce maximal neuromuscular power (Pmax). Maximal aerobic power generation is also reduced. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of maximal power cycling (PC) training using an inertial load ergometer on skeletal muscle mass and cardiovascular function in untrained 50- to 68-yr-old participants. METHODS The study used a pre- or postoutcome exercise intervention testing untrained 50- to 68-yr-old adults (n = 39, M = 15, mean ± SE = 58.5 ± 0.8, range = 50-68 yr). Over the course of 8 wk, participants performed 15 min of training 3 times per week. Each session involved repeated (15-30 times) 4-s sprints of PC. Measurements were thigh muscle volume, total body lean mass, Pmax, peak oxygen consumption, cardio-ankle vascular index, performance on functional tests of living (FTLChair and FTLRamp), and intermuscular fat volume. RESULTS Training for 8 wk increased thigh muscle volume (3.7% ± 0.9%, P < 0.001) and total body lean mass (1.5% ± 0.4%, P < 0.01) while increasing total body mass (TBM) (1.4% ± 0.3%, P < 0.01). Physical performance measures increased significantly (all P < 0.05) with improvements in Pmax (12.0% ± 1.5%); peak oxygen consumption (9.8% ± 1.8%), and FTL (8.5% ± 1.3% to 17.2% ± 2%). Cardio-ankle vascular index was significantly decreased -2.3% ± 1.1% (P < 0.05), indicating reduced arterial stiffness. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that 8 wk of PC training at true maximal power was effective at increasing muscle mass and maximal power, as well as maximal cardiovascular capacity and functional tasks in untrained 50- to 68-yr-olds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob R Allen
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Remzi Satiroglu
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Brandon Fico
- Cardiovascular Aging Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- Cardiovascular Aging Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Emre Vardarli
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Jeffrey J Luci
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, and the Biomedical Imaging Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Edward F Coyle
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
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Ávila-Gandía V, Sánchez-Macarro M, Luque-Rubia A, García-Sánchez E, Cánovas F, López-Santiago A, López-Román FJ. High versus Low-Moderate Intensity Exercise Training Program as an Adjunct to Antihypertensive Medication: A Pilot Clinical Study. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11040291. [PMID: 33920194 PMCID: PMC8069909 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11040291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this pilot clinical study we investigated the effect on blood pressure (BP) of two community-based exercise training programs of high (HIT) vs. low-moderate intensity (LMIT) in hypertensive individuals receiving at least one antihypertensive drug. METHODS The study included two phases of physical exercises based on 1-h session, 3 days/week for 12 and 16 weeks, respectively, separately by a 7-week resting period. Each phase was preceded by a four-week conditioning training period. According to the average maximal heart rate at baseline, participants were randomized to HIT (80-90%), LMIT (50-70%) or no-exercise (control). Heart rate was monitored during workout and BP profiles were registered by ambulatory BP monitoring at the beginning and end of each phase. RESULTS Of 60 individuals randomized, 44 completed the study (HIT, n = 10; LMIT, n = 16; controls, n = 18). BP levels were significantly reduced after the second phase for both LMIT (SBP -3.1 mmHg, DBP -2.4 mmHg) and HIT (SBP -10.8 mmHg, DBP -8.3 mmHg). Similar levels of improvement were also found in daytime and night-time BP. Mean attendance of the prescribed training sessions was 87.4 ± 6.2% for HIT and 87.4 ± 5.3% for LMIT during the first phase and 84.1 ± 5.0% and 85.2 ± 5.9% during the second phase, respectively (p = 0.047). CONCLUSION Both HIT and LMIT exercise training programs reduced BP but the HIT modality showed a lower rate of compliance with proposed training schedule. Intensity of training should be individually prescribed to improve tolerance to more high intensity exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Ávila-Gandía
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.S.-M.); (A.L.-R.); (F.C.); (F.J.L.-R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maravillas Sánchez-Macarro
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.S.-M.); (A.L.-R.); (F.C.); (F.J.L.-R.)
| | - Antonio Luque-Rubia
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.S.-M.); (A.L.-R.); (F.C.); (F.J.L.-R.)
| | - Esther García-Sánchez
- Fundación para la Formación e Invetigación Sanitarias de la Región de Murcia, 30003 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Fernando Cánovas
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.S.-M.); (A.L.-R.); (F.C.); (F.J.L.-R.)
| | | | - Francisco Javier López-Román
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.S.-M.); (A.L.-R.); (F.C.); (F.J.L.-R.)
- Primary Care Research GroupBiomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB–Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain
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Saz-Lara A, Cavero-Redondo I, Álvarez-Bueno C, Notario-Pacheco B, Reina-Gutiérrez S, Sequí-Domínguez I, Ruiz JR, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. What type of physical exercise should be recommended for improving arterial stiffness on adult population? A network meta-analysis. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2021; 20:696-716. [PMID: 33837399 DOI: 10.1093/eurjcn/zvab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Physical exercise has been associated with a reduction in arterial stiffness, a subclinical process underlying cardiovascular disease. However, the effect of different types of exercise (aerobic, resistance, combined, interval training, stretching, or mind-body modalities) on arterial stiffness is unclear. This network meta-analysis aimed to examine the effectiveness of different types of exercise on arterial stiffness as measured by pulse wave velocity in adults. METHODS AND RESULTS We searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, MEDLINE (via Pubmed), Embase, and Web of Science databases, for randomized clinical trials including at least a comparison group, from their inception to 30 June 2020. A frequentist network meta-analysis was performed to compare the effect of different types of physical exercise on arterial stiffness as measured by pulse wave velocity. Finally, 35 studies, with a total of 1125 participants for exercise intervention and 633 participants for the control group, were included. In the pairwise meta-analyses, the exercises that improved arterial stiffness were: interval training [effect size (ES) 0.37; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.01-0.73], aerobic exercise (ES 0.30; 95% CI 0.13-0.48) and combined exercise (ES 0.22; 95% CI 0.04-0.40). Furthermore, the network meta-analysis showed that mind-body interventions were the most effective type of exercise to reduce the pulse wave velocity (ES 0.86; 95% CI 0.04-1.69). In addition, combined exercise (ES 0.35; 95% CI 0.08-0.62), aerobic exercise (ES 0.33; 95% CI 0.09-0.57), and interval training (ES 0.33; 95% CI 0.02-0.64) showed significant improvements. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that aerobic exercise, combined exercise, interval training, and mind-body exercises were the most effective exercise modalities for reducing arterial stiffness, assuming an important role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Saz-Lara
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Santa Teresa Jornet s/n, 16171 Cuenca, Spain
| | - Iván Cavero-Redondo
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Santa Teresa Jornet s/n, 16171 Cuenca, Spain.,Rehabilitation in Health Research Center (CIRES), Universidad de las Americas, Av. República 71, Santiago, Chile
| | - Celia Álvarez-Bueno
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Santa Teresa Jornet s/n, 16171 Cuenca, Spain.,Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, Mayor Sebastián Bullo, 001518 Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Blanca Notario-Pacheco
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Santa Teresa Jornet s/n, 16171 Cuenca, Spain
| | - Sara Reina-Gutiérrez
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Santa Teresa Jornet s/n, 16171 Cuenca, Spain
| | - Irene Sequí-Domínguez
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Santa Teresa Jornet s/n, 16171 Cuenca, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Activity and Sports Education, Sport and Health, University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Crta Alfacar s/n. 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Santa Teresa Jornet s/n, 16171 Cuenca, Spain.,Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Av. Pedro de Valdivia 425, Talca, Chile
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Hacke C, Weisser B. [Sport and exercise in prevention and therapy of cardiovascular diseases]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2021; 146:381-388. [PMID: 33735924 DOI: 10.1055/a-1342-3070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Sport and exercise improve physical performance, quality of life and prognosis in virtually all cardiovascular risk factors and diseases. Not only moderate endurance exercise but also specific strength training programs are recommended. However, research and practice are also focusing on more intense, interval exercise and targeted interventions to improve performance. In the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases, adapted strength training without press breathing is also suitable.In addition to moderate endurance training, higher-intensity, interval-type exercise is now recommended for individual patients. An individually adapted load control is important after exhaustion in the load ECG. Rules of thumb should not be applied. With the exception of nicotine cessation, an improvement in physical performance is the most effective measure in terms of prognosis. Increased daily activity measured by a daily step count of more than 7500, optimally more than 10 000, also has a positive effect.
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Six-month table tennis training improves body composition, bone health and physical performance in untrained older men; a randomized controlled trial. Sci Sports 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Cavero-Redondo I, Deeks JJ, Alvarez-Bueno C, Jolly K, Saz-Lara A, Price M, Pascual-Morena C, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Comparative effect of physical exercise versus statins on improving arterial stiffness in patients with high cardiometabolic risk: A network meta-analysis. PLoS Med 2021; 18:e1003543. [PMID: 33591983 PMCID: PMC7924736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The comparative analysis of the effect of several doses of statins against different intensities of physical exercise on arterial stiffness (a measure of cardiovascular risk) could shed light for clinicians on which method is most effective in preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and be used to inform shared decision-making between doctors and patients. This study was aimed at analyzing the effect, in high cardiometabolic risk patients, of different statins doses and exercise intensities on arterial stiffness (a measure of cardiovascular risk) by integrating all available direct and indirect evidence in network meta-analyses. METHODS AND FINDINGS We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science databases from their inception to February 28, 2020; for unpublished trials, we also searched ClinicalTrials.gov. We searched for studies concerning the effect of statins or physical exercise on arterial stiffness, measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV). For methodological quality assessment, Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias (RoB2) was used. A network geometry graph was used to assess the strength of the evidence. Comparative evaluation of the interventions effect was performed by conducting a standard pairwise meta-analysis and a network meta-analysis (NMA) for direct and indirect comparisons between interventions and control/nonintervention. A total of 22 studies were included in the analyses (18 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 4 nonrandomized experimental studies), including 1,307 patients with high cardiometabolic risk from Asia (3 studies), Oceania (2 studies), Europe (10 studies), North America (5 studies), and South America (2 studies). The overall risk of bias assessed with RoB2 was high in all included studies. For standard pairwise meta-analysis and NMA, high-intensity exercise versus control (mean difference (MD) -0.56; 95% CI: -1.01, -0.11; p = 0.015 and -0.62; 95% CI: -1.20, -0.04; p = 0.038, respectively) and moderate statin dose versus control (MD -0.80, 95% CI: -1.59, -0.01; p = 0.048 and -0.73, 95% CI: -1.30, -0.15; p = 0.014, respectively) showed significant MDs. When nonrandomized experimental studies were excluded, the effect on high-intensity exercise versus control and moderate statin dose versus was slightly modified. The main limitation of this study was that the magnitude of the effect of the exercise interventions could be underestimated due to regression toward the mean bias because the baseline cardiometabolic risk profile of patients in the physical exercise intervention trials was healthier than those in the statins ones; consequently, more modest improvements in physical exercise interventions compared to statins interventions can be expected. Additionally, we might consider as limitations the small study sizes, the heterogeneous patient groups, the focus on a proxy endpoint (PWV), and the high risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS In this NMA, we found that although many patients could benefit from statins for reducing CVD risk, our results support that, considering the beneficial effects of high-intensity exercise on arterial stiffness, it would be worthwhile to refocus our attention on this type of exercise as an effective tool for the prevention of CVD. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42019123120.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Cavero-Redondo
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Jonathan J Deeks
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Celia Alvarez-Bueno
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Kate Jolly
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia Saz-Lara
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Malcolm Price
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain.,Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Talca, Chile
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35
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Edwards JJ, Taylor KA, Cottam C, Jalaludeen N, Coleman DA, Wiles JD, Sharma R, O'Driscoll JM. Ambulatory blood pressure adaptations to high-intensity interval training: a randomized controlled study. J Hypertens 2021; 39:341-348. [PMID: 33031171 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypertension remains the leading cause of cardiovascular disease and premature mortality globally. Although high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an effective nonpharmacological intervention for the reduction of clinic blood pressure (BP), very little research exists regarding its effects on ambulatory BP. The aim of this study was to measure alterations in ambulatory and clinic BP following HIIT in physically inactive adults. METHODS Forty-one participants (22.8 ± 2.7 years) were randomly assigned to a 4-week HIIT intervention or control group. The HIIT protocol was performed on a cycle ergometer set against a resistance of 7.5% bodyweight and consisted of 3 × 30-s maximal sprints separated with 2-min active recovery. Clinic and ambulatory BP was recorded pre and post the control period and HIIT intervention. RESULTS Following the HIIT intervention, 24-h ambulatory BP significantly decreased by 5.1 mmHg in sBP and 2.3 mmHg in dBP (P = 0.011 and 0.012, respectively), compared with the control group. In addition, clinic sBP significantly decreased by 6.6 mmHg compared with the control group (P = 0.021), with no significant changes in dBP and mean BP (mBP). Finally, 24-h ambulatory diastolic, daytime sBP, mBP and dBP, and night-time sBP and mBP variability significantly decreased post-HIIT compared with the control group. CONCLUSION HIIT remains an effective intervention for the management of BP. Our findings support enduring BP reduction and improved BP variability, which are important independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie J Edwards
- School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury
| | - Katrina A Taylor
- School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury
| | - Christian Cottam
- School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury
| | - Navazh Jalaludeen
- Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge
| | - Damian A Coleman
- School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury
| | - Jonathan D Wiles
- School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury
| | - Rajan Sharma
- Department of Cardiology, St George's Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Jamie M O'Driscoll
- School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury
- Department of Cardiology, St George's Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Marçal IR, Falqueiro PG, Fernandes B, Ngomane AY, Amaral VT, Guimarães GV, Ciolac EG. Prescribing high-intensity interval exercise by rating of perceived exertion in young individuals. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 61:797-802. [PMID: 33511816 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We tested the hypothesis that the 6 to 20 rating of perceived exertion (RPE) is a cost-effective tool similar to heart rate (HR) response to cardiopulmonary exercise test for prescribing and self-regulating high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE). In this context, we analyzed if health-related responses to exercise are similar between HIIE prescribed and self-regulated by RPE (HIIE<inf>RPE</inf>) and HIIE prescribed and regulated by HR response to cardiopulmonary exercise test (HIIE<inf>HR</inf>). METHODS Twelve young (21±2 years) sedentary or insufficiently active individuals (weekly levels ˂150 minutes or 75 minutes of moderate- or vigorous-intensity physical activity, respectively) were randomly assigned to perform HIIE<inf>RPE</inf> (25 minutes), HIIE<inf>HR</inf> (25 minutes) and control session (25 minutes of seated resting). Blood pressure, HR, and arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity) were measured before, immediately after, and 30 minutes after each intervention. HR, speed, and distance were measured during exercise sessions. 24-hours ambulatory blood pressure was measured after each intervention. RESULTS Exercise HR, speed, and distance, as well as blood pressure response to exercise were not different between HIIE<inf>RPE</inf> and HIIE<inf>HR</inf>. Pulse wave velocity reduced (P<0.05) at postintervention in both HIIE<inf>RPE</inf> (0.28±0.17 m/s) and HIIE<inf>HR</inf> (0.27±0.11 m/s). However, pulse wave velocity at recovery was lower than pre-intervention only during HIIE<inf>RPE</inf> (0.30±0.10 m/s). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that RPE is a cost-effective tool for prescribing self-regulating HIIE and improving health-related variables in young individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela R Marçal
- School of Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Exercise and Chronic Disease Research Laboratory (ECDR), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Pedro G Falqueiro
- School of Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Exercise and Chronic Disease Research Laboratory (ECDR), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Bianca Fernandes
- School of Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Exercise and Chronic Disease Research Laboratory (ECDR), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Awassi Y Ngomane
- School of Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Exercise and Chronic Disease Research Laboratory (ECDR), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Vanessa T Amaral
- School of Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Exercise and Chronic Disease Research Laboratory (ECDR), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Guilherme V Guimarães
- School of Medicine, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel G Ciolac
- School of Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Exercise and Chronic Disease Research Laboratory (ECDR), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil -
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Beltrami FG, Mzee D, Spengler CM. No Evidence That Hyperpnea-Based Respiratory Muscle Training Affects Indexes of Cardiovascular Health in Young Healthy Adults. Front Physiol 2020; 11:530218. [PMID: 33391004 PMCID: PMC7773763 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.530218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The chronic effects of respiratory muscle training (RMT) on the cardiovascular system remain unclear. This investigation tested to which degree a single sessions of RMT with or without added vibration, which could enhance peripheral blood flow and vascular response, or a 4-week RMT program could result in changes in pulse wave velocity (PWV), blood pressure (systolic, SBP; diastolic, DBP) and other markers of cardiovascular health. Methods Sixteen young and healthy participants (8 m/8f) performed 15 min of either continuous normocapnic hyperpnea (RMET), sprint-interval-type hyperpnea (RMSIT) or a control session (quiet sitting). Sessions were performed once with and once without passive vibration of the lower limbs. To assess training-induced adaptations, thirty-four young and healthy participants (17 m/17f) were measured before and after 4 weeks (three weekly sessions) of RMET (n = 13, 30-min sessions of normocapnic hyperpnea), RMSIT [n = 11, 6 × 1 min (1 min break) normocapnic hyperpnea with added resistance] or placebo (n = 10). Results SBP was elevated from baseline at 5 min after each RMT session, but returned to baseline levels after 15 min, whereas DBP was unchanged from baseline following RMT. Carotid-femoral PWV (PWVCF) was elevated at 5 and 15 min after RMT compared to baseline (main effect of time, P = 0.001), whereas no changes were seen for carotid-radial PWV (PWVCR) or the PWVCF/PWVCR ratio. Vibration had no effects in any of the interventions. Following the 4-week training period, no differences from the placebo group were seen for SBP (P = 0.686), DBP (P = 0.233), PWVCF (P = 0.844), PWVCR (P = 0.815) or the PWVCF/PWVCR ratio (P = 0.389). Discussion/Conclusion Although 15 min of RMT sessions elicited transient increases in PWVCF and SBP, no changes were detected following 4 weeks of either RMET or RMSIT. Adding passive vibration of the lower limbs during RMT sessions did not provide additional value to the session with regards to vascular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando G Beltrami
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Mzee
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christina M Spengler
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Karabulut M, Esparza B, Dowllah IM, Karabulut U. The impact of low-intensity blood flow restriction endurance training on aerobic capacity, hemodynamics, and arterial stiffness. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 61:877-884. [PMID: 33314880 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11526-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of short-term low-intensity blood flow restriction (BFR) endurance training (ET) programs on measures of aerobic capacity, hemodynamics, and arterial stiffness in healthy young males. METHODS Thirty-nine healthy young recreationally active males participated in this short-term training study. They were randomly assigned to a high-intensity (HI; N.=11; trained at 60-70% of VO<inf>2</inf> reserve [VO<inf>2</inf>R]), low-intensity (LI; N.=8; trained at 30-40% of VO<inf>2</inf>R), low-intensity with BFR (LI-BFR; N.=10; trained at 30-40% of VO<inf>2</inf>R with BFR) or a non-exercising control group (N.=10). The exercising subjects completed a 6-wk training protocol on a treadmill. Assessment of aerobic capacity (VO<inf>2max</inf>), hemodynamics and arterial stiffness were done before and after training. RESULTS Statistical analyses revealed a significant condition main effect (P<0.05) for VO<inf>2max</inf>, indicating significant increase (P<0.05) in VO<inf>2max</inf> in LI-BFR group compared to control. There were no significant changes for resting heart rate (RHR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), carotid-radial pulse wave velocity (PWV), and carotid-femoral PWV (P>0.05). However, femoral-tibial PWV decreased significantly (P<0.05) from baseline to post-training. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that the application of BFR during ET may cause faster and/or greater adaptations in one or more physiological systems resulting in improved cardiorespiratory fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Karabulut
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Texas at Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA -
| | - Brittany Esparza
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Texas at Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Imtiaz M Dowllah
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Texas at Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Ulku Karabulut
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Texas at Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
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Zhang YY, Shi YN, Zhu N, Zhao TJ, Guo YJ, Liao DF, Dai AG, Qin L. PVAT targets VSMCs to regulate vascular remodelling: angel or demon. J Drug Target 2020; 29:467-475. [PMID: 33269623 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1859515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vascular remodelling refers to abnormal changes in the structure and function of blood vessel walls caused by injury, and is the main pathological basis of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and pulmonary hypertension. Among them, the neointimal hyperplasia caused by abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of vascular remodelling. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) can release vasoactive substances to target VSMCs and regulate the pathological process of vascular remodelling. Specifically, PVAT can promote the conversion of VSMCs phenotype from contraction to synthesis by secreting visfatin, leptin, and resistin, and participate in the development of vascular remodelling-related diseases. Conversely, it can also inhibit the growth of VSMCs by secreting adiponectin and omentin to prevent neointimal hyperplasia and alleviate vascular remodelling. Therefore, exploring and developing new drugs or other treatments that facilitate the beneficial effects of PVAT on VSMCs is a potential strategy for prevention or treatment of vascular remodelling-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China.,Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Ning Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China.,Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Neng Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Tan-Jun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China.,Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Jie Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China.,Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Duan-Fang Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China.,Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Guo Dai
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Li Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China.,Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China
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Saco-Ledo G, Valenzuela PL, Ruiz-Hurtado G, Ruilope LM, Lucia A. Exercise Reduces Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Patients With Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e018487. [PMID: 33280503 PMCID: PMC7955398 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.018487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Although exercise training reduces office blood pressure (BP), scarcer evidence is available on whether these benefits also apply to ambulatory blood pressure (ABP), which is a stronger predictor of cardiovascular disease and mortality. The present study aims to assess the effects of exercise training on ABP in patients with hypertension based on evidence from randomized controlled trials. Methods and Results A systematic search of randomized controlled trials on the aforementioned topic was conducted in PubMed and Scopus (since inception to April 1, 2020). The mean difference between interventions (along with 95% CI) for systolic BP and diastolic BP was assessed using a random-effects model. Sub-analyses were performed attending to (1) whether participants were taking antihypertensive drugs and (2) exercise modalities. Fifteen studies (including 910 participants with hypertension) met the inclusion criteria. Interventions lasted 8 to 24 weeks (3-5 sessions/week). Exercise significantly reduced 24-hour (systolic BP, -5.4 mm Hg; [95% CI, -9.2 to -1.6]; diastolic BP, -3.0 mm Hg [-5.4 to -0.6]), daytime (systolic BP, -4.5 mm Hg [-6.6 to -2.3]; diastolic BP, -3.2 mm Hg [-4.8 to -1.5]), and nighttime ABP (systolic BP, -4.7 mm Hg [-8.4 to -1.0]; diastolic BP, -3.1 mm Hg [-5.3 to -0.9]). In separate analyses, exercise benefits on all ABP measures were significant for patients taking medication (all P<0.05) but not for untreated patients (although differences between medicated and non-medicated patients were not significant), and only aerobic exercise provided significant benefits (P<0.05). Conclusions Aerobic exercise is an effective coadjuvant treatment for reducing ABP in medicated patients with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Saco-Ledo
- Bioenergy and Motion Analysis Laboratory National Research Center on Human Evolution (CENIEH) Burgos Spain
| | | | - Gema Ruiz-Hurtado
- Hypertension Unit and Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory Hospital 12 de Octubre Madrid Spain.,Research Institute of the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre ('imas12') Madrid Spain
| | - Luis M Ruilope
- Hypertension Unit and Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory Hospital 12 de Octubre Madrid Spain.,Research Institute of the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre ('imas12') Madrid Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Research Institute of the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre ('imas12') Madrid Spain.,Faculty of Sport Sciences European University of Madrid Spain
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Santos JMD, Sousa Filho LF, Carvalho VO, Wichi RB, Oliveira EDD. Hemodynamic and creatine kinase changes after a 12-week equipment-based Pilates training program in hypertensive women. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2020; 24:496-502. [PMID: 33218553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Exercise therapy is a conservative strategy to manage hypertension. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 12-week equipment-based Pilates training program on the hemodynamics of medication-controlled hypertensive women. Forty-five women were classified into two groups: medication-controlled hypertensive (n = 30) or control (n = 15). To be eligible for the hypertensive group, participants had to have a clinical diagnosis of hypertension, be taking medication to control their blood pressure and not to have done any exercise activity in the previous three months. In the control group, the participants needed to have normal blood pressure levels and not to have done any exercise activity in the previous three months. All women participated in a 12-week equipment-based Pilates training program (2 × 60min sessions per week). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), heart rate (HR) and creatine kinase levels (CK) were assessed before and after the program. SBP, DBP and heart rate were also assessed before and after each session. There was no statistically significant difference after Pilates training for systolic (normotensive MD 4.1, 95%CI -9.2 to 17.5, hypertensive MD 3.8, 95%CI -5.3 to 13.1) and diastolic (normotensive MD 5.8, 95%CI -2.0 to 13.7, hypertensive MD 4.0, 95%CI -4.3 to 12.4) blood pressure. Heart rate was reduced after Pilates training in both normotensive (MD 4.5, 95%CI 1.1 to 7.8) and medication-controlled hypertensive (MD 7.9, 95%CI 4.4 to 11.4) women. Creatine kinase activity was reduced after Pilates training in medication-controlled hypertensive women (p = 0.019). Blood pressure was not altered, but heart rate and creatinine kinase activity were reduced following 12 weeks of Equipment-based Pilates training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juviane Meneses Dos Santos
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil; Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Luis Fernando Sousa Filho
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil; Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil
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Delgado-Floody P, Izquierdo M, Ramírez-Vélez R, Caamaño-Navarrete F, Moris R, Jerez-Mayorga D, Andrade DC, Álvarez C. Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Body Composition, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Blood Pressure, and Substrate Utilization During Exercise Among Prehypertensive and Hypertensive Patients With Excessive Adiposity. Front Physiol 2020; 11:558910. [PMID: 33192554 PMCID: PMC7604322 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.558910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise training is a recognized lifestyle strategy to lower resting blood pressure (BP), but little is known about substrate metabolism in population with high BP. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 16-weeks of HIIT on body composition, BP, cardiorespiratory fitness by V . O2 max , and substrate utilization during exercise among prehypertensive and hypertensive patients with excessive adiposity. We also aimed to test the potential association between changes in cardiorespiratory fitness, substrate utilization during exercise and BP. Forty-two physically inactive overweight/obese participants participated in 16-weeks of HIIT intervention. The HIIT frequency was three times a week (work ratio 1:2:10, for interval cycling: rest period: repeated times; 80-100% of the maximum heart rate). Groups were distributed based on their baseline BP: HIIT-hypertensive (H-HTN: age 47.7 ± 12.0 years; body mass index [BMI] 30.3 ± 5.5 kg/m2; systolic [SBP]/diastolic BP [DBP] 151.6 ± 10/81.9 ± 4.2 mmHg), HIIT-pre-hypertensive (H-PreHTN: age 37.6 ± 12.0 years; BMI 31.9 ± 5.3 kg/m2; SBP/DBP 134.4 ± 3.2/74.9 ± 7.0 mmHg), and a normotensive control group (H-CG: age 40.7 ± 11.0 years; BMI 29.5 ± 4.2 kg/m2; SBP/DBP 117.0 ± 6.2/72.4 ± 4.1 mmHg). Anthropometry/body composition, BP, and metabolic substrate utilization during exercise (fat [FATox], carbohydrate [CHOox] oxidation, respiratory exchange ratio [RER], and V . O2 max), were measured before and after the 16-week HIIT intervention. Adjusted mixed linear models revealed a significant improved in V . O2 max were + 3.34 in the H-CG, + 3.63 in the H-PreHTN, and + 5.92 mL⋅kg-1⋅min-1, in the H-HTN group, however, the Time × Group interaction were not significant (p = 0.083). All the exercise types induced similar decreases on SBP (-8.70) in the H-HTN, (-7.14) in the H-CG, and (-5.11) mmHg in the H-PreHTN, as well as DBP levels (-5.43) mmHg in H-CG group (p = 0.032 vs. H-HTN group). At 16-week, no significant correlations were noted for the changes of blood pressure, cardiorespiratory fitness or exercise metabolism substrates outcomes. In conclusion, our results suggest that a 16-week HIIT-intervention improved V . O2 max and blood pressure BP, but these changes are independent of substrate utilization during exercise in normotensive and hypertensive participants with excessive adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Delgado-Floody
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN)-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Grupo GICAEDS, Facultad de Cultura Física, Deporte y Recreación, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN)-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Roberto Moris
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | | | - David C. Andrade
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Álvarez
- Quality of Life and Wellness Research Group, Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthy vascular aging (HVA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are each independently associated with lower cardiovascular disease-related mortality. It is unknown, however, whether the CRF-related reductions in cardiovascular disease risk are related to HVA. We hypothesized that HVA would be associated with higher CRF in men and women from the Ball State Adult Fitness Longitudinal Lifestyle STudy (BALL ST). METHODS Apparently healthy men and women ≥50 yr of age from the BALL ST cohort (n = 101) who underwent a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test to assess CRF (V˙O2peak) were included in the study. Participants were divided into either HVA, defined as brachial systolic blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg without taking medications and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity <7.6 m/sec, or no HVA for subjects with SBP >140/90 mm Hg and/or PWV >7.6 m/sec. RESULTS Participants with HVA had a higher age- and sex-adjusted CRF percentile (62 ± 5 vs 47 ± 3, P < .05), with women having a greater prevalence of HVA than men (36% vs 15%, P < .05). Both carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (r =-0.27, P < .05) and brachial systolic blood pressure (r =-0.23, P < .05) were independently and inversely associated with CRF for the entire cohort. Men and women with HVA were younger having a lower body fat percentage and higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < .05, all). CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that HVA is associated with higher CRF, which may partially explain the preventative cardioprotective effects of CRF.
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Fu J, Liu Y, Zhang L, Zhou L, Li D, Quan H, Zhu L, Hu F, Li X, Meng S, Yan R, Zhao S, Onwuka JU, Yang B, Sun D, Zhao Y. Nonpharmacologic Interventions for Reducing Blood Pressure in Adults With Prehypertension to Established Hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e016804. [PMID: 32975166 PMCID: PMC7792371 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Nonpharmacologic interventions that modify lifestyle can lower blood pressure (BP) and have been assessed in numerous randomized controlled trials and pairwise meta‐analyses. It is still unclear which intervention would be most efficacious. Methods and Results Bayesian network meta‐analyses were performed to estimate the comparative effectiveness of different interventions for lowering BP. From 60 166 potentially relevant articles, 120 eligible articles (14 923 participants) with a median follow‐up of 12 weeks, assessing 22 nonpharmacologic interventions, were included. According to the surface under the cumulative ranking probabilities and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) quality of evidence, for adults with prehypertension to established hypertension, high‐quality evidence indicated that the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) was superior to usual care and all other nonpharmacologic interventions in lowering systolic BP (weighted mean difference, 6.97 mm Hg; 95% credible interval, 4.50–9.47) and diastolic BP (weighted mean difference, 3.54 mm Hg; 95% credible interval, 1.80–5.28). Compared with usual care, moderate‐ to high‐quality evidence indicated that aerobic exercise, isometric training, low‐sodium and high‐potassium salt, comprehensive lifestyle modification, breathing‐control, and meditation could lower systolic BP and diastolic BP. For patients with hypertension, moderate‐ to high‐quality evidence suggested that the interventions listed (except comprehensive lifestyle modification) were associated with greater systolic BP and diastolic BP reduction than usual care; salt restriction was also effective in lowering both systolic BP and diastolic BP. Among overweight and obese participants, low‐calorie diet and low‐calorie diet plus exercise could lower more BP than exercise. Conclusions DASH might be the most effective intervention in lowering BP for adults with prehypertension to established hypertension. Aerobic exercise, isometric training, low‐sodium and high‐potassium salt, comprehensive lifestyle modification, salt restriction, breathing‐control, meditation and low‐calorie diet also have obvious effects on BP reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Fu
- Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province P.R. China
| | - Yupeng Liu
- Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province P.R. China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province P.R. China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province P.R. China
| | - Hude Quan
- Department of Community Health Sciences University of Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province P.R. China
| | - Fulan Hu
- Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province P.R. China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province P.R. China
| | - Shuhan Meng
- Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province P.R. China
| | - Ran Yan
- Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province P.R. China
| | - Suhua Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province P.R. China
| | - Justina Ucheojor Onwuka
- Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province P.R. China
| | - Baofeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and the State-Province Key Laboratory of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province P.R. China
| | - Dianjun Sun
- Center for Endemic Disease Control Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province P.R. China
| | - Yashuang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province P.R. China
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45
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Influence of sprint exercise on aortic pulse wave velocity and femoral artery shear patterns. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:2635-2647. [PMID: 32880701 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04483-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aortic stiffness may affect shear patterns in the peripheral vasculature. This study examined if sprint exercise, which typically increases aortic stiffness is associated with increased peripheral retrograde blood flow and impaired microvascular function. METHODS Twenty participants (10 women; age: 27 ± 5 years) underwent arterial stiffness, shear rate, and microvascular function assessment at three time points: baseline; following time control; ~ 2 min post a 30-s cycle ergometer sprint against 7.0% body mass. Aortic stiffness was assessed using carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV). Superficial femoral artery (SFA) diameter and blood velocity were assessed using Doppler-ultrasound and were used to calculate shear rates and resistance index (RI). SFA wave reflections were obtained via wave intensity analysis. Vastus medialis microvascular function was measured as tissue saturation index reactivity pre-post exercise via near-infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS cfPWV increased by + 0.8 ± 0.7 m·s-1 following exercise (p < 0.001). Retrograde shear was reduced following exercise compared with time control (- 4.9 ± 3.8 s-1; p < 0.001), while tissue saturation index was increased post-exercise from baseline (+ 2.3 ± 4.6%; p = 0.04). Reductions in SFA wave reflections (- 1.70 ± 1.96 aU) and RI (- 0.17 ± 0.13 aU) were also noted following exercise (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION These data suggest sprint exercise-mediated changes in peripheral shear patterns and microvascular function in the exercised vasculature occur independent from increases in aortic stiffness. Exercise-induced reductions in SFA retrograde shear may be related to decreased wave reflections and peripheral vascular resistance.
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Furby HV, Warnert EAH, Marley CJ, Bailey DM, Wise RG. Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with increased middle cerebral arterial compliance and decreased cerebral blood flow in young healthy adults: A pulsed ASL MRI study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:1879-1889. [PMID: 31564194 PMCID: PMC7446564 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19865449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory fitness is thought to have beneficial effects on systemic vascular health, in part, by decreasing arterial stiffness. However, in the absence of non-invasive methods, it remains unknown whether this effect extends to the cerebrovasculature. The present study uses a novel pulsed arterial spin labelling (pASL) technique to explore the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and arterial compliance of the middle cerebral arteries (MCAC). Other markers of cerebrovascular health, including resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2 (CVRCO2) were also investigated. Eleven healthy males aged 21 ± 2 years with varying levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen uptake (V · O2MAX) 38-76 ml/min/kg) underwent MRI scanning at 3 Tesla. Higher V · O2MAX was associated with greater MCAC (R2 = 0.64, p < 0.01) and lower resting grey matter CBF (R2 = 0.75, p < 0.01). However, V · O2MAX was not predictive of global grey matter BOLD-based CVR (R2 = 0.47, p = 0.17) or CBF-based CVR (R2 = 0.19, p = 0.21). The current experiment builds upon the established benefits of exercise on arterial compliance in the systemic vasculature, by showing that increased cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with greater cerebral arterial compliance in early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah V Furby
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Esther AH Warnert
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher J Marley
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
| | - Damian M Bailey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
| | - Richard G Wise
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Exercise training reduces arterial stiffness in adults with hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hypertens 2020; 39:214-222. [PMID: 32833924 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Arterial stiffness, namely pulse wave velocity (PWV), is an emerging biomarker in the assessment of vascular health. This meta-analysis aims to determine the effects of exercise training on PWV in patients with hypertension, and to identify the possible moderator variables (e.g. type of exercise) of the effect of exercise on PWV. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane and Web of Science were searched up until July 2019 for randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of exercise interventions lasting 4 or more weeks on PWV in adults with hypertension. Random-effects modelling was used to compare changes from pre to postintervention in PWV between exercise and control groups. Data were reported as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Protocol registration: PROSPERO registration number CRD42019138658. RESULTS We included 14 trials (15 interventions), involving five aerobic, two dynamic resistance, six combined and two isometric resistance groups, totalling 642 participants with hypertension. PWV was significantly reduced by exercise training [(WMD (95% CI) = -0.76 m/s (-1.05 to -0.47)]. Analysis of moderator variables showed that aerobic exercise [WMD (95% CI) = -0.70 m/s (-1.20 to -0.19)], combined exercise [WMD (95% CI) = -0.74 m/s (-1.41 to -0.08)] and isometric resistance exercise [WMD (95% CI) = -0.98 m/s (-1.24 to -0.73)] reduced PWV. There was no significant reduction in PWV in participants undertaking dynamic resistance training [WMD (95% CI) = -0.58 (-1.58 to 0.42)]. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis supports that exercise interventions based on aerobic, combined or isometric exercise are suitable to improve PWV in adults with hypertension.
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de Lima WV, Visona I, Schor N, Almeida WS. Preconditioning by aerobic exercise reduces acute ischemic renal injury in rats. Physiol Rep 2020; 7:e14176. [PMID: 31325250 PMCID: PMC6642274 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) can be defined as the sudden loss of renal function associated with structural changes in the kidneys. Currently, 13.3 million people die of AKI around the world. Normally aerobic exercise is used both as/for the treatment and prevention of high blood pressure, metabolic disease and Diabetes mellitus (DM). Nevertheless, exercise preconditioning must be a crucial resource in the prevention and mitigation of AKI. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the exercise preconditioning on renal IR (ischemic/reperfusion) experimental model. Male Wistars rats were divided into three groups (n = 9): sham (S), ischemic/reperfusion (IR), exercise + ischemic/reperfusion (EX + IR). IR renal injury was induced by clamping the bilateral renal artery for 45 min. The rats were subjected to exercise 5 days a week for 4 weeks with progressive intensity and duration. The group treated with exercise preconditioning, showed additional improvements in various parameters, including serum creatinine, proteinuria, and decrease of the severity of the tubular injury and activated caspase‐3 levels (P < 0.05). The previous aerobic exercise‐induced renoprotection in the IR injury. We anticipate that the practice of physical exercise in healthy individuals can also be useful for the prevention and attenuation of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weslei V de Lima
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Iria Visona
- Pathology Department, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Nestor Schor
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Waldemar S Almeida
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Physical Exercise as an Immunomodulator of Chronic Diseases in Aging. J Phys Act Health 2020; 17:662-672. [PMID: 32396868 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2019-0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The progressive dysfunction of the immune system during aging appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of several age-related disorders. However, regular physical exercise can present "antiaging" effects on several physiological systems. METHODS A narrative review of studies investigating the chronic effects of exercise and physical activity on the immune system and its association with age-related chronic diseases was carried out according to the guidelines for writing a narrative review. RESULTS There is compelling evidence suggesting that age-related immune system alterations play a key role on the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, hypertension, chronic heart failure, type 2 diabetes, obesity, arthritis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. On the other hand, the regular practice of physical activity appears to improve most of the inflammatory/immunological processes involved in these diseases. CONCLUSION Epidemiological, experimental, and clinical studies permit us to affirm that regular physical activity improves immunomodulation and may play a key role in the prevention and treatment of several age-related chronic diseases. However, further studies are needed to better describe the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of physical exercise in specific organs of older individuals, as well as the mechanisms involved in such response.
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Leal JM, Galliano LM, Del Vecchio FB. Effectiveness of High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training in Hypertensive Patients: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Curr Hypertens Rep 2020; 22:26. [PMID: 32125550 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-020-1030-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this meta-analysis is to compare the effects of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on blood pressure of hypertensive individuals. RECENT FINDINGS Continuous aerobic training programs are successful in health promotion and are effective in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) modulation. However, HIIT seems to be superior to MICT to improvement of cardiorespiratory fitness. PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were searched for randomized clinical trials that compared chronic effects of HIIT and MICT on BP in hypertensive subjects. Pre- and post-intervention changes in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) between MICT and HIIT were analyzed. Both interventions presented significant differences in SBP (MICT: mean difference (MD), 3.7 mmHg [95% CI = 2.57, 4.82], p < 0.00001; and HIIT: MD, 5.64 mmHg [95% CI = 1.69, 9.52], p = 0.005) and in DBP (MICT: MD, 2.41 mmHg [95% CI = 1.09, 3.72], p = 0.0003; and HIIT: MD, 4.8 mmHg [95% CI = 2.9, 6.7], p < 0.00001) compared with the control group. No differences were found in the SBP values (MD, 1.13 mmHg [95% CI = - 0.01, 2.27], p = 0.05); however, differences were found between groups in DBP (MD, 1.63 mmHg [95% CI = 0.83, 2.44], p = 0.0001). In the secondary outcome, both interventions increased VO2max in comparison with control groups (MICT: MD, 1.30 ml/kg/min [95% CI = 0.92, 1.68], p < 0.00001; and HIIT: MD, 4.90 ml/kg/min [95% CI = 3.77, 6.04], p < 0.00001), and HIIT promoted greater improvement than MICT (MD, 2.52 ml/kg/min [95% CI = 1.90, 3.13], p < 0.0001). In conclusion, HIIT and MICT promote reduction in SBP in adults with hypertension, and HIIT showed a greater magnitude in DBP reduction. For hypertensive patients, HIIT may be associated with a greater improvement in VO2max than MICT might.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Moraes Leal
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil. .,, Pelotas, Brazil.
| | - Leony Morgana Galliano
- Superior School of Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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