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Pothen L, Verdoy R, De Mulder D, Esfahani H, Farah C, Michel LYM, Dei Zotti F, Bearzatto B, Ambroise J, Bouzin C, Dessy C, Balligand JL. Sustained Downregulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Acta2 After Transient Angiotensin II Infusion: A New Model of "Vascular Memory". Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:854361. [PMID: 35360022 PMCID: PMC8964264 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.854361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a critical role in the development of hypertension. Published evidence on a putative "memory effect" of AngII on the vascular components is however scarce. Aim To evaluate the long-term effects of transient exposure to AngII on the mouse heart and the arterial tissue. Methods Blood pressure, cardiovascular tissue damage and remodeling, and systemic oxidative stress were evaluated in C57/B6/J mice at the end of a 2-week AngII infusion (AngII); 2 and 3 weeks after the interruption of a 2-week AngII treatment (AngII+2W and AngII +3W; so-called "memory" conditions) and control littermate (CTRL). RNAseq profiling of aortic tissues was used to identify potential key regulated genes accounting for legacy effects on the vascular phenotype. RNAseq results were validated by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry in a reproduction cohort of mice. Key findings were reproduced in a homotypic cell culture model. Results The 2 weeks AngII infusion induced cardiac hypertrophy and aortic damage that persisted beyond AngII interruption and despite blood pressure normalization, with a sustained vascular expression of ICAM1, infiltration by CD45+ cells, and cell proliferation associated with systemic oxidative stress. RNAseq profiling in aortic tissue identified robust Acta2 downregulation at transcript and protein levels (α-smooth muscle actin) that was maintained beyond interruption of AngII treatment. Among regulators of Acta2 expression, the transcription factor Myocardin (Myocd), exhibited a similar expression pattern. The sustained downregulation of Acta2 and Myocd was associated with an increase in H3K27me3 in nuclei of aortic sections from mice in the "memory" conditions. A sustained downregulation of ACTA2 and MYOCD was reproduced in the cultured human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells upon transient exposure to Ang II. Conclusion A transient exposure to Ang II produces prolonged vascular remodeling with robust ACTA2 downregulation, associated with epigenetic imprinting supporting a "memory" effect despite stimulus withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Pothen
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roxane Verdoy
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Delphine De Mulder
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hrag Esfahani
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Farah
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lauriane Y. M. Michel
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Flavia Dei Zotti
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bertrand Bearzatto
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Centre des Technologies Moléculaires Appliquées (CTMA), Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jerome Ambroise
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Centre des Technologies Moléculaires Appliquées (CTMA), Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Imaging Platform (2IP), Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chantal Dessy
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Luc Balligand
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
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Godoy-Lugo JA, Thorwald MA, Hui DY, Nishiyama A, Nakano D, Soñanez-Organis JG, Ortiz RM. Chronic angiotensin receptor activation promotes hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation during an acute glucose challenge in obese-insulin-resistant OLETF rats. Endocrine 2022; 75:92-107. [PMID: 34327606 PMCID: PMC8763929 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02834-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) can ameliorate metabolic syndrome (MetS)-associated dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and glucose intolerance, suggesting that angiotensin receptor (AT1) over-activation contributes to impaired lipid and glucose metabolism, which is characteristic of MetS. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the lipid profile and proteins of fatty acid uptake, triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis, and β-oxidation to better understand the links between AT1 overactivation and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) during MetS. METHODS Four groups of 25-week-old-rats were used: (1) untreated LETO, (2) untreated OLETF, (3) OLETF + angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB; 10 mg olmesartan/kg/d × 8 weeks) and (4) OLETF ± ARB (MINUS; 10 mg olmesartan/kg/d × 4 weeks, then removed until dissection). To investigate the dynamic shifts in metabolism, animals were dissected after an oral glucose challenge (fasting, 3 and 6 h post-glucose). RESULTS Compared to OLETF, plasma total cholesterol and TAG remained unchanged in ARB. However, liver TAG was 55% lesser in ARB than OLETF, and remained lower throughout the challenge. Basal CD36 and ApoB were 28% and 29% lesser, respectively, in ARB than OLETF. PRDX6 abundance in ARB was 45% lesser than OLETF, and it negatively correlated with liver TAG in ARB. CONCLUSIONS Chronic blockade of AT1 protects the liver from TAG accumulation during glucose overload. This may be achieved by modulating NEFA uptake and increasing TAG export via ApoB. Our study highlights the contributions of AT1 signaling to impaired hepatic substrate metabolism and the detriments of a high-glucose load and its potential contribution to steatosis during MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Godoy-Lugo
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA.
| | - Max A Thorwald
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Y Hui
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University Medical School, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nakano
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University Medical School, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Jose G Soñanez-Organis
- Universidad de Sonora, Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Navojoa, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Rudy M Ortiz
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
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Pothen L, Balligand JL. Legacy in Cardiovascular Risk Factors Control: From Theory to Future Therapeutic Strategies? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111849. [PMID: 34829720 PMCID: PMC8614708 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In medicine, a legacy effect is defined as the sustained beneficial effect of a given treatment on disease outcomes, even after cessation of the intervention. Initially described in optimized control of diabetes, it was also observed in clinical trials exploring intensification strategies for other cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension or hypercholesterolemia. Mechanisms of legacy were particularly deciphered in diabetes, leading to the concept of metabolic memory. In a more discreet manner, other memory phenomena were also described in preclinical studies that demonstrated long-lasting deleterious effects of lipids or angiotensin II on vascular wall components. Interestingly, epigenetic changes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) appear to be common features of “memory” of the vascular wall.
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Li SN, Zhang JR, Zhou L, Xi H, Li CY, Zhao L. Sacubitril/Valsartan Decreases Atrial Fibrillation Susceptibility by Inhibiting Angiotensin II-Induced Atrial Fibrosis Through p-Smad2/3, p-JNK, and p-p38 Signaling Pathways. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2021; 15:131-142. [PMID: 34075552 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-021-10137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sacubitril/valsartan (SAC/VAL) prevents angiotensin II (AngII) from binding AT1-R and blocks degradation of natriuretic peptides. Despite its efficacy in reducing ventricular fibrosis and preserving cardiac functions, which has been extensively demonstrated in myocardial infarction or pressure overload models, few studies have been conducted to determine whether SAC/VAL could attenuate atrial fibrosis and decrease atrial fibrillation (AF) susceptibility. Our study provided evidence for the inhibition of atrial fibrosis and reduced susceptibility to AF by SAC/VAL. After 28 days of AngII continuous subcutaneous stimulation, rats in SAC/VAL group exhibited reduced extent of atrial fibrosis, inhibited proliferation, migration, and differentiation of atrial fibroblasts, and decreased susceptibility to AF. We further found that inhibition of p-Smad2/3, p-JNK, and p-p38MAPK pathways is involved in the role of SAC/VAL on AngII-induced atrial fibrosis in vivo. These results emphasize the importance of SAC/VAL in the prevention of AngII-induced atrial fibrosis and may help to enrich the options for AF pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Nan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 2, Anzhen Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jing-Rui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 2, Anzhen Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 2, Anzhen Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hui Xi
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chang-Yi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 2, Anzhen Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Radiololgy, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Viñas Esmel E, Naval Álvarez J, Sacanella Meseguer E. The Legacy Effect in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3227. [PMID: 33105611 PMCID: PMC7690390 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The "legacy effect" describes the long-term benefits that may persist for many years after the end of an intervention period, involving different biological processes. The legacy effect in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention has been evaluated by a limited number of studies, mostly based on pharmacological interventions, while few manuscripts on dietary interventions have been published. Most of these studies are focused on intensive treatment regimens, whose main goal is to achieve tight control of one or more cardiovascular risk factors. This review aims to summarise the legacy effect-related results obtained in those studies and to determine the existence of this effect in CVD prevention. There is sufficient data to suggest the existence of a legacy effect after intensive intervention on cardiovascular risk factors; however, this effect is not equivalent for all risk factors and could be influenced by patient characteristics, disease duration, and the type of intervention performed. Currently, available evidence suggests that the legacy effect is greater in subjects with moderately-high cardiovascular risk but without CVD, especially in those patients with recent-onset diabetes. However, preventive treatment for CVD should not be discontinued in high-risk subjects, as the level of existing evidence on the legacy effect is low to moderate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Viñas Esmel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (E.V.E.); (J.N.Á.)
| | - José Naval Álvarez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (E.V.E.); (J.N.Á.)
| | - Emilio Sacanella Meseguer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (E.V.E.); (J.N.Á.)
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Organ memory: a key principle for understanding the pathophysiology of hypertension and other non-communicable diseases. Hypertens Res 2018; 41:771-779. [PMID: 30108339 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0081-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, several post-interventional analyses of large-scale randomized controlled clinical trials have given us a new concept regarding the risk management of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. The beneficial effects of intensive treatments were extended even after the interventions ended. This phenomenon is known as "metabolic memory" or "legacy effect", and we recognized its clinical significance. A certain level of evidence in human and animal studies employing organ transplantation techniques has indicated that this type of "memory" resides in each organ and could be transferrable, erasable, and rewritable, which is similar to neuronal and immune "memory". In this review, we define this memory as "organ memory" and summarize the current picture and future direction of this concept. "Organ memory" can be observed in many clinical settings, including in the control of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. Several intensive treatments were demonstrated to have the potential to rewrite "organ memory", leading to the curability of targeted diseases. "Organ memory" is the engraved phenotype of altered organ responsiveness acquired by a time-dependent accumulation of organ stress responses. Not only is the epigenetic change of key genes involved in the formation of "organ memory" but the alteration of multiple factors, including low molecular weight energy metabolites, immune mediators, and tissue structures, is involved as well. These factors intercommunicate during every stress response and carry out incessant remodeling in a certain direction in a spiral fashion through positive feedback mechanisms. Future studies should be directed toward the identification of the core unit of "organ memory" and its manipulation.
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Biased G protein-coupled receptor agonism mediates Neu1 sialidase and matrix metalloproteinase-9 crosstalk to induce transactivation of insulin receptor signaling. Cell Signal 2018; 43:71-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Itoh H, Kurihara I, Miyashita K, Tanaka M. Clinical significance of 'cardiometabolic memory': a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Hypertens Res 2017; 40:526-534. [PMID: 28100921 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
'Cardiometabolic memory' has been proposed based on clinical evidence to explain how, even after the cessation of a clinical trial, the superiority of one treatment over the outcome persists. To understand the cardiometabolic memory phenomenon, we performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using PubMed in August 2016. The search terms 'randomized controlled trial', 'post-trial follow-up' and 'diabetes, hypertension or dyslipidemia' were used, and articles published after the year 2000 were searched. We judged the memory phenomenon to be positive when the cardiovascular outcome at the end of the post-trial follow-up period in the intervention group was significantly superior even though the favorable control of a risk factor (blood glucose, blood pressure or lipid level) during the trial period was lost after the cessation of the intervention. Among 907 articles retrieved in the initial screening, 21 articles were judged as describing a positive memory phenomenon. Eight, six and seven of the articles concerned diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia, respectively. Transient intensive glucose lowering rather easily induced memory for the suppression of diabetic microangiopathies, while memory for the suppression of macroangiopathies tended to be first evident in the post-trial follow-up period. Transient intensive blood pressure lowering was generally effective in the formation of memory for the suppression of cardiovascular events and had an especially strong impact on risk reduction of chronic heart failure. Transient intensive LDL cholesterol lowering clearly had a long-term beneficial effect on risk reduction of cardiovascular events. Our systematic review revealed the clinical relevance of cardiometabolic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Itoh
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Kurihara
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Miyashita
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masami Tanaka
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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Wu D, He L, Chen L. Apelin/APJ system: a promising therapy target for hypertension. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:6691-703. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3552-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sasamura H, Itoh H. ‘Memory’ and ‘legacy’ in hypertension and lifestyle-related diseases. Hypertens Res 2012; 35:272-3. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2011.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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