1
|
Sousa JN, Sousa BVDO, Santos EPD, Ribeiro GHM, Pereira APM, Guimarães VHD, Queiroz LDRP, Motta-Santos D, Farias LC, Guimarães ALS, de Paula AMB, Santos SHS. Effects of gallic acid and physical training on liver damage, force, and anxiety in obese mice: Hepatic modulation of Sestrin 2 (SESN2) and PGC-α expression. Gene 2024; 926:148606. [PMID: 38788813 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Obesity and overweight are multifactorial diseases affecting more than one-third of the world's population. Physical inactivity contributes to a positive energy balance and the onset of obesity. Exercise combined with a balanced diet is an effective non-pharmacological strategy to improve obesity-related disorders. Gallic acid (GA), is a natural endogenous polyphenol found in a variety of fruits, vegetables, and wines, with beneficial effects on energetic homeostasis. The present study aims to investigate the effects of exercise training on obese mice supplemented with GA. Animal experimentation was performed with male Swiss mice divided into five groups: ST (standard control), HFD (obese control), HFD + GA (GA supplement), HFD + Trained (training), and HFD + GA + Trained (GA and training). The groups are treated for eight weeks with 200 mg/kg/body weight of the feed compound and, if applicable, physical training. The main findings of the present study show that GA supplementation improves liver fat, body weight, adiposity, and plasma insulin levels. In addition, animals treated with the GA and a physical training program demonstrate reduced levels of anxiety. Gene expression analyses show that Sesn2 is activated via PGC-1α independent of the GATOR2 protein, which is activated by GA in the context of physical activity. These data are corroborated by molecular docking analysis, demonstrating the interaction of GA with GATOR2. The present study contributes to understanding the metabolic effects of GA and physical training and demonstrates a new hepatic mechanism of action via Sestrin 2 and PGC-1α.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaciara Neves Sousa
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Berenilde Valéria de Oliveira Sousa
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pinheiro Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Henrique Mendes Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil; Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Post graduate Program in Food and Health, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Maciel Pereira
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil; Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Post graduate Program in Food and Health, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Dantas Guimarães
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lorena Dos Reis Pereira Queiroz
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daisy Motta-Santos
- Sports Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucyana Conceição Farias
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Sena Guimarães
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Maurício Batista de Paula
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil; Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Post graduate Program in Food and Health, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Reitzner SM, Emanuelsson EB, Sundberg CJ. Levels of circulating angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 are affected by acute exercise and correlate with markers of physical fitness in male athletes. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16161. [PMID: 39020498 PMCID: PMC11254776 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
While under physiological conditions angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an antagonist of vasoconstrictive agents in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), in the context of SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ACE2 serves as the gateway into cells. Furthermore, RAAS has previously been shown to be influenced by exercise training and is suggested to be involved in skeletal muscle mass maintenance. Given this connection, the investigation of circulating ACE2 plasma protein concentration before and following acute and chronic endurance and resistance exercise could increase the understanding of the implications of the exposure of athletes to SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, this study investigated levels of circulating ACE2 in lifelong high-level trained endurance and resistance athletes and control subjects in response to either acute endurance or resistance exercise. Results show no baseline differences in absolute ACE2 concentration between groups, but a strong negative correlation with levels of fitness and positive correlation with BMI in control subjects. Furthermore, acute endurance exercise significantly increased ACE2 levels across all groups, but only in the strength group in response to resistance exercise. This indicates that circulating ACE2 plasma levels are influenced by levels of fitness and health, and that acute endurance exercise has a stronger effect on plasma ACE2 levels than resistance exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan M. Reitzner
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Eric B. Emanuelsson
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Carl Johan Sundberg
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and EthicsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Santos M, Dorna M, Franco E, Geronutti J, Brizola L, Ishimoto L, Barros Y, Costa A, Breda C, Marin C, Suetake F, Azevedo P, Paiva SD, Tanni S, Prudente R. Clinical and Physiological Variables in Patients with Post-COVID-19 Condition and Persistent Fatigue. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3876. [PMID: 38999441 PMCID: PMC11242482 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13133876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Post-COVID-19 condition can manifest through various symptoms such as dyspnea, cognitive disturbances, and fatigue, with mechanisms related to these symptoms, particularly those related to fatigue, still requiring further clarification. Therefore, our aim was to assess the clinical and physiological variables in patients with post-COVID-19 condition and persistent fatigue. Methods: After one year post-COVID-19 infection, the patients underwent a comprehensive evaluation, including a complete blood count, a metabolic panel, complete spirometry, and assessments of dyspnea, quality of life, anxiety and depression, physical capacity, body composition, muscle strength, comorbidities, and medications. The participants were categorized into two groups: G1-fatigue and G2-non-fatigue. Results: Seventy-seven patients (53% female; 55 ± 11.8 years) were included, 37 in G1 and 40 in G2. As for clinical markers and symptoms of illness, in those with persistent fatigue symptoms, a greater sensation of dyspnea [BDI score: 7.5 (6-9) vs. 12 (9-12), p < 0.001; mMRC score: 1 (1-2) vs. 0 (0-1), p = 0.002], worse quality of life [SGRQ total score: 1404 (1007-1897) vs. 497 (274-985); p < 0.001], higher levels of anxiety [HADS-A score: 8 (5-9) vs. 3 (0.5-4); p < 0.001], and a reduction in peripheral and inspiratory muscle strength [handgrip strength: 34 (28-40) vs. 40 (30-46.5) kgf, p = 0.044; MIP: -81 ± 31 vs. -111 ± 33 mmHg, p < 0.001)] were observed. Conclusions: Those with persistent fatigue exhibited a greater sensation of dyspnea, higher levels of anxiety, reduced peripheral and inspiratory muscle strength, and a greater impairment of quality of life. The severity of fatigue was influenced by the worsening quality of life, heightened anxiety levels, and decreased peripheral muscle strength. Additionally, the worse quality of life was associated with a higher sensation of dyspnea, lower muscle strength, and reduced physical capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maércio Santos
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Medical School, Distrito de Rubião Junior s/n, Botucatu 18618-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Dorna
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Medical School, Distrito de Rubião Junior s/n, Botucatu 18618-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Estefânia Franco
- Clinical Hospital of Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Distrito de Rubião Junior s/n, Botucatu 18618-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Geronutti
- Clinical Hospital of Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Distrito de Rubião Junior s/n, Botucatu 18618-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Brizola
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Medical School, Distrito de Rubião Junior s/n, Botucatu 18618-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia Ishimoto
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Medical School, Distrito de Rubião Junior s/n, Botucatu 18618-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yasmin Barros
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Medical School, Distrito de Rubião Junior s/n, Botucatu 18618-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriele Costa
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Medical School, Distrito de Rubião Junior s/n, Botucatu 18618-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Breda
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Medical School, Distrito de Rubião Junior s/n, Botucatu 18618-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Marin
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Medical School, Distrito de Rubião Junior s/n, Botucatu 18618-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Suetake
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Medical School, Distrito de Rubião Junior s/n, Botucatu 18618-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Azevedo
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Medical School, Distrito de Rubião Junior s/n, Botucatu 18618-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio de Paiva
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Medical School, Distrito de Rubião Junior s/n, Botucatu 18618-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suzana Tanni
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Medical School, Distrito de Rubião Junior s/n, Botucatu 18618-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Robson Prudente
- Clinical Hospital of Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Distrito de Rubião Junior s/n, Botucatu 18618-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Proença AB, Alexandre‐Santos B, Giori IG, Alex‐Marques JSF, Machado‐Santos C, Machado M, Magliano DC, da Nobrega ACL, Frantz EDC. Obesity-induced skeletal muscle remodeling: A comparative analysis of exercise training and ACE-inhibitory drug in male mice. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16025. [PMID: 38684378 PMCID: PMC11058004 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity over-activates the classical arm of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), impairing skeletal muscle remodeling. We aimed to compare the effect of exercise training and enalapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, on RAS modulation in the skeletal muscle of obese animals. Thus, we divided C57BL/6 mice into two groups: standard chow (SC) and high-fat (HF) diet for 16 weeks. At the eighth week, the HF-fed animals were divided into four subgroups-sedentary (HF), treated with enalapril (HF-E), exercise training protocol (HF-T), and combined interventions (HF-ET). After 8 weeks of treatment, we evaluated body mass and index (BMI), body composition, exercise capacity, muscle morphology, and skeletal muscle molecular markers. All interventions resulted in lower BMI and attenuation of overactivation in the classical arm, while favoring the B2R in the bradykinin receptors profile. This was associated with reduced apoptosis markers in obese skeletal muscles. The HF-T group showed an increase in muscle mass and expression of biosynthesis markers and a reduction in expression of degradation markers and muscle fiber atrophy due to obesity. These findings suggest that the combination intervention did not have a synergistic effect against obesity-induced muscle remodeling. Additionally, the use of enalapril impaired muscle's physiological adaptations to exercise training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz Proença
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical InstituteFluminense Federal UniversityNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical InstituteFluminense Federal UniversityNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Beatriz Alexandre‐Santos
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical InstituteFluminense Federal UniversityNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical InstituteFluminense Federal UniversityNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Isabele Gomes Giori
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical InstituteFluminense Federal UniversityNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Jaime Silva Filho Alex‐Marques
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical InstituteFluminense Federal UniversityNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical InstituteFluminense Federal UniversityNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Clarice Machado‐Santos
- Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Histology and Compared EmbryologyFluminense Federal UniversityNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Marcus Machado
- Biomedical Science DepartmentRoss University School of Veterinary MedicineBasseterreSt. Kitts & Nevis
| | - D'Angelo Carlo Magliano
- Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical InstituteFluminense Federal UniversityNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Lucas da Nobrega
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical InstituteFluminense Federal UniversityNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
- National Institute for Science & Technology—INCT Physical (in)Activity & Exercise, CNPqNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Eliete Dalla Corte Frantz
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical InstituteFluminense Federal UniversityNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical InstituteFluminense Federal UniversityNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
- National Institute for Science & Technology—INCT Physical (in)Activity & Exercise, CNPqNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Silva de Moura S, de Assis Dias Martins-Júnior F, Cruz de Oliveira E, Coelho DB, Boari D, Lima-Silva AE, Motta-Santos D, Augusto Souza Dos Santos R, Becker LK. Effects of oral HPΒCD-angiotensin-(1-7) supplementation on recreational mountain bike athletes: a crossover study. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2024; 52:65-76. [PMID: 36752064 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2023.2175587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supplementation with Angiotensin-(1-7) [(Ang-1-7)] has received considerable attention due to its possible ergogenic effects on physical performance. The effects of a single dose of Ang-(1-7) on the performance of mountain bike (MTB) athletes during progressive load tests performed until the onset of voluntary fatigue have previously been demonstrated. This study tested the effects of Ang-(1-7) in two different exercise protocols with different metabolic demands: aerobic (time trial) and anaerobic (repeated sprint). METHODS Twenty one male recreational athletes were given capsules containing an oral formulation of HPβCD-Ang-(1-7) (0.8 mg) and HPβCD-placebo (only HPβCD) over a 7-day interval; a double-blind randomized crossover design was used. Physical performance was examined using two protocols: a 20-km cycling time trial or 4 × 30-s repeated all-out sprints on a leg cycle ergometer. Data were collected before and after physical tests to assess fatigue parameters, and included lactate levels, and muscle activation during the sprint protocol as evaluated by electromyography (EMG); cardiovascular parameters: diastolic and systolic blood pressure and heart rate; and performance parameters, time to complete (time trial), maximum power and mean power (repeated sprint). RESULTS Supplementation with an oral formulation of HPβCD-Ang-(1-7) reduced basal plasma lactate levels and promoted the maintenance of plasma glucose levels after repeated sprints. Supplementation with HPβCD-Ang-(1-7) also increased baseline plasma nitrite levels and reduced resting diastolic blood pressure in a time trial protocol. HPβCD-Ang-(1-7) had no effect on the time trial or repeat sprint performance, or on the EMG recordings of the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with HPβCD-Ang-(1-7) did not improve physical performance in time trial or in repeated sprints; however, it promoted the maintenance of plasma glucose and lactate levels after the sprint protocol and at rest, respectively. In addition, HPβCD-Ang-(1-7) also increased resting plasma nitrite levels and reduced diastolic blood pressure in the time trial protocol. TRIAL REGISTRATION RBR-2nbmpbc, registered January 6th, 2023. The study was prospectively registered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Boari
- Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Daisy Motta-Santos
- Department of Sports, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Robson Augusto Souza Dos Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, and National Institute Science and Technology-NANOBIOPHAR-CNPQ/MCT, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rossi L, Santos KBS, Mota BIS, Pimenta J, Oliveira B, Machado CA, Fernandes HB, Barbosa LA, Rodrigues HA, Teixeira GHM, Gomes-Martins GA, Chaimowicz GF, Queiroz-Junior CM, Chaves I, Tapia JC, Teixeira MM, Costa VV, Miranda AS, Guatimosim C. Neuromuscular defects after infection with a beta coronavirus in mice. Neurochem Int 2023; 169:105567. [PMID: 37348761 PMCID: PMC10281698 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 affects primarily the lung. However, several other systemic alterations, including muscle weakness, fatigue and myalgia have been reported and may contribute to the disease outcome. We hypothesize that changes in the neuromuscular system may contribute to the latter symptoms observed in COVID-19 patients. Here, we showed that C57BL/6J mice inoculated intranasally with the murine betacoronavirus hepatitis coronavirus 3 (MHV-3), a model for studying COVID-19 in BSL-2 conditions that emulates severe COVID-19, developed robust motor alterations in muscle strength and locomotor activity. The latter changes were accompanied by degeneration and loss of motoneurons that were associated with the presence of virus-like particles inside the motoneuron. At the neuromuscular junction level, there were signs of atrophy and fragmentation in synaptic elements of MHV-3-infected mice. Furthermore, there was muscle atrophy and fiber type switch with alteration in myokines levels in muscles of MHV-3-infected mice. Collectively, our results show that acute infection with a betacoronavirus leads to robust motor impairment accompanied by neuromuscular system alteration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Rossi
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Kivia B S Santos
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Barbara I S Mota
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jordane Pimenta
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruna Oliveira
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Caroline A Machado
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Heliana B Fernandes
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Leticia A Barbosa
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Hermann A Rodrigues
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Vida, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil
| | - Gabriel H M Teixeira
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gabriel A Gomes-Martins
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gabriel F Chaimowicz
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Celso Martins Queiroz-Junior
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ian Chaves
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Juan C Tapia
- School of Medicine, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vivian V Costa
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Aline S Miranda
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cristina Guatimosim
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bałaban J, Wierzbicki M, Zielińska-Górska M, Sosnowska M, Daniluk K, Jaworski S, Koczoń P, Cysewski D, Chwalibog A, Sawosz E. Graphene Oxide Decreases Pro-Inflammatory Proteins Production in Skeletal Muscle Cells Exposed to SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 2023; 16:1-18. [PMID: 36699443 PMCID: PMC9869801 DOI: 10.2147/nsa.s391761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The experiments aimed to document the presence of the ACE2 receptor on human muscle cells and the effects of the interaction of these cells with the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in terms of induction of pro-inflammatory proteins, as well as to assess the possibility of reducing the pool of these proteins with the use of graphene oxide (GO) flakes. Methods Human Skeletal Myoblast (HSkM), purchased from Gibco were maintained in standard condition according to the manufacturer's instruction. The cells were divided into 4 groups; 1. C-control, 2. S-with addition of spike protein, 3. GO-with the addition of graphene oxide, 4. GO-S-with addition of GO followed by the addition of S protein. Protein S (PX-COV-P049) was purchased from ProteoGenix (France). GO was obtained from Advanced Graphene Products (Zielona Gora, Poland). The influence of all the factors on the morphology of cells was investigated using light and confocal microscopy. ACE2 protein expression on muscle cells was visualized and 40 pro-inflammatory cytokines were investigated using the membrane antibody array method. The protein profile of the lysate of cells from individual groups was also analyzed by mass spectrometry. Conclusion The experiments confirmed the presence of the ACE2 receptor in human skeletal muscle cells. It has also been documented that the SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein influences the activation of selected pro-inflammatory proteins that promote cytokine storm and oxidative stress in muscle cells. The use of low levels of graphene oxide does not adversely affect muscle cells, reducing the levels of most proteins, including pro-inflammatory proteins. It can be assumed that GO may support anti-inflammatory therapy in muscles by scavenging proteins that activate cytokine storm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaśmina Bałaban
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wierzbicki
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marlena Zielińska-Górska
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malwina Sosnowska
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Daniluk
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Jaworski
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Koczoń
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominik Cysewski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - André Chwalibog
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark,Correspondence: André Chwalibog, University of Copenhagen, Groennegaardsvej 3, Frederiksberg, 1870, Denmark, Tel +45 40963573, Email
| | - Ewa Sawosz
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Djemai H, Hammad R, Dabayebeh IM, Hammad S, Merzouk A, Coumoul X, Noirez P. COVID-19 and aerobic exercise: possible role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2. Arch Public Health 2022; 80:231. [DOI: 10.1186/s13690-022-00983-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe emergence and circulation of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)—Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)—set off a global health crisis. SARS-CoV-2 spreads faster than its two ancestors, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Several modes of transmission have been identified: via respiratory droplets, contact with infected people or contaminated surfaces, and potentially, bioaerosols. Various countries have taken preventive measures that may include partial or total lockdowns lasting weeks. The physical inactivity associated with lockdowns may promote cardiometabolic or other diseases, while physical activity may play a critical role in preventing them. Here we develop the hypothesis of the involvement of aerosols in the contamination process, the role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the potential benefits and harm of physical activity during lockdowns, and we suggest directions for future research.
Collapse
|
9
|
Tarantino U, Visconti VV, Bonanni R, Gatti A, Marcozzi M, Calabrò D, Cariati I. Osteosarcopenia and Long-COVID: a dangerous combination. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2022; 14:1759720X221130485. [PMID: 36317068 PMCID: PMC9614591 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x221130485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global pandemic and an unprecedented public health crisis, infecting more than 580 million people worldwide. Moreover, recent evidence has suggested the emergence of a new syndrome known as Long-COVID, a term used to describe a diverse set of physical and mental symptoms that persist after a diagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Epidemiological data have identified myalgias, muscle and joint dysfunction, and bone fragility as common sequelae in patients with moderate and severe forms of this disease. Significant musculoskeletal dysfunction has also been detected in some healed patients, although knowledge about pathophysiological mechanisms of Long-COVID is still rather scarce. In this context, SARS-CoV-2 infection has been suggested to amplify the effects of aging on the musculoskeletal system by aggravating the osteosarcopenic state. Based on this evidence, our review focused on the muscle and bone tissue alterations induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection and Long-COVID, summarizing the current knowledge on the underlying biological mechanisms and highlighting the need for a multidisciplinary approach to predict the musculoskeletal targets and long-term consequences of COVID-19 disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Tarantino
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome, Italy,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, ‘Policlinico Tor Vergata’ Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia V. Visconti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bonanni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Gatti
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, ‘Policlinico Tor Vergata’ Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Marcozzi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, ‘Policlinico Tor Vergata’ Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Calabrò
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, ‘Policlinico Tor Vergata’ Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Skeletal Muscles of Patients Infected with SARS-CoV-2 Develop Severe Myofiber Damage upon One Week of Admission on the Intensive Care Unit. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12147310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many critically ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 have been submitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). Patients with a SARS-CoV-2 infection that survive critical illness are confronted with months of physical impairments. To maximize recovery, it is important to understand the musculoskeletal involvement in critically ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. The aim of the present study was to assess the myocellular changes in SARS-CoV-2 patients that occur throughout the first week of ICU admission. In n = 22 critically ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, a biopsy sample from the vastus lateralis muscle was obtained at day 1–3 and day 5–8 following ICU admission. Fluorescence microscopy was used to assess type I and type II muscle fiber size and distribution, myonuclear content, and muscle tissue capillarization. Transmission electron microscopy was used to support quantitative data at an ultrastructural level. Changes in type I and type II muscle fiber size showed large inter-individual variation. The average change in type I fiber size was +309 ± 1834 µm2, ranging from −2129 µm2 (−31%) to +3375 µm2 (+73%). The average change in type II fiber size was −224 ± 1256 µm2, ranging from −1410 µm2 (−36%) to +2592 µm2 (+48%). Ultrastructural observations showed myofibrillar and hydropic degeneration, and fiber necrosis. This study shows that ICU patients admitted with SARS-CoV-2 suffer from substantial muscle fiber damage during ICU admission. These results are a call for action towards more specialized rehabilitation programs for patients admitted to the ICU with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
|
11
|
Intrinsic Exercise Capacity Affects Glycine and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Levels in Sedentary and Exercise Trained Rats. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060548. [PMID: 35736481 PMCID: PMC9228358 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been identified as the cellular entry receptor for the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). High ACE2 tissue expression and low glycine levels were suggested to increase susceptibility for SARS-CoV-2 infection and increasing circulating ACE2 has been proposed as one possible strategy to combat COVID-19. In humans, aerobic physical exercise induces an increase in plasma ACE2 in some individuals. However, it is not clear whether glycine and ACE2 levels depend on intrinsic exercise capacity or on exercise training. We used rats selectively bred for high intrinsic exercise capacity (HCR) or low exercise capacity (LCR) and tested the influence of this genetic predetermination and/or aerobic exercise on metabolites, ACE2 tissue expression and circulating ACE 2. ACE2 expression was measured in different tissues in the sedentary animals and again after 4 weeks of high-intensity aerobic exercise in both LCRs and HCRs. Sedentary HCRs exhibited significantly higher circulating ACE2 concentrations compared to LCRs, but a lower expression of ACE2 in all investigated tissues except for adipose tissue. Body weight was negatively correlated with serum ACE2 and positively correlated with ACE2 expression in the heart. Aerobic exercise caused a significant decrease in ACE2 expression in the lung, heart, muscle, and kidney both in LCRs and HCRs. Our results suggest that ACE2 expression, circulating ACE2 and glycine serum concentration are related to aerobic intrinsic exercise capacity and can be influenced with exercise. These results may support the hypothesis that physically fit individuals have a lower susceptibility for COVID-19 infection.
Collapse
|
12
|
Jena D, Sahoo J, Barman A, Gupta A, Patel V. Musculoskeletal and Neurological Pain Symptoms Among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2022; 101:411-416. [PMID: 35067551 PMCID: PMC9005090 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000001969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic continues to grow, its clinical manifestations are still emerging and are being widely investigated. However, the pain symptoms, including neurological and musculoskeletal pain symptoms, are still poorly understood. DESIGN In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the prevalence of musculoskeletal and neurological pain symptoms among hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 patients. Furthermore, the association of clinical and demographic factors with the prevalence of pain symptoms was also investigated. RESULT We included 182 hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 patients with a mean age of 48.86 ± 13.98 yrs. Pain symptoms were reported by 61.54% patients (n = 112). Most common symptoms reported were generalized myalgia (n = 60, 32.96%), headache (n = 50, 27.47%), and low back pain (n = 41, 22.53%). Interestingly, neuropathic pain was present in 14 participants (7.69%). Logistic regression analysis revealed an association of pain symptoms with coronavirus disease 2019 severity, male sex, higher body mass index, and a history of addiction. CONCLUSIONS Pain symptoms are common manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019. Generalized myalgia, headache, and low back pain are the three most common new-onset pain symptoms in hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 patients. Further investigation of pain symptoms and their predictive factors are recommended, which may guide healthcare workers and policymakers to plan in this direction. TO CLAIM CME CREDITS Complete the self-assessment activity and evaluation online at http://www.physiatry.org/JournalCME. CME OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this article, the reader should be able to: (1) Understand common musculoskeletal and neurological pain symptoms among hospitalized COVID-19 patients; (2) Understand the basic etiopathogenesis of COVID-19 associated pain; and (3) Identify factors associated with presence of COVID-19 pain symptoms. LEVEL Advanced. ACCREDITATION The Association of Academic Physiatrists is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians.The Association of Academic Physiatrists designates this Journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
Collapse
|
13
|
Silva CC, Bichara CNC, Carneiro FRO, Palacios VRDCM, Berg AVSVD, Quaresma JAS, Magno Falcão LF. Muscle dysfunction in the long coronavirus disease 2019 syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical approach. Rev Med Virol 2022; 32:e2355. [PMID: 35416359 PMCID: PMC9111061 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In long coronavirus disease 2019 (long COVID‐19), involvement of the musculoskeletal system is characterised by the persistence or appearance of symptoms such as fatigue, muscle weakness, myalgia, and decline in physical and functional performance, even at 4 weeks after the onset of acute symptoms of COVID‐19. Muscle injury biomarkers are altered during the acute phase of the disease. The cellular damage and hyperinflammatory state induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection may contribute to the persistence of symptoms, hypoxaemia, mitochondrial damage, and dysregulation of the renin‐angiotensin system. In addition, the occurrence of cerebrovascular diseases, involvement of the peripheral nervous system, and harmful effects of hospitalisation, such as the use of drugs, immobility, and weakness acquired in the intensive care unit, all aggravate muscle damage. Here, we review the multifactorial mechanisms of muscle tissue injury, aggravating conditions, and associated sequelae in long COVID‐19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Costa Silva
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Para, Belém, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
dos Santos PK, Sigoli E, Bragança LJ, Cornachione AS. The Musculoskeletal Involvement After Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Infection. Front Physiol 2022; 13:813924. [PMID: 35492595 PMCID: PMC9040683 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.813924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, a disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has been drastically affecting the daily lives of millions of people. COVID-19 is described as a multiorgan disease that affects not only the respiratory tract of infected individuals, but it has considerable effects on the musculoskeletal system, causing excessive fatigue, myalgia, arthralgia, muscle weakness and skeletal muscle damage. These symptoms can persist for months, decreasing the quality of life of numerous individuals. Curiously, most studies in the scientific literature focus on patients who were hospitalized due to SARS-CoV-2 infection and little is known about the mechanism of action of COVID-19 on skeletal muscles, especially of individuals who had the mild to moderate forms of the disease (non-hospitalized patients). In this review, we focus on the current knowledge about the musculoskeletal system in COVID-19, highlighting the lack of researches investigating the mild to moderate cases of infection and pointing out why it is essential to care for these patients. Also, we will comment about the need of more experimental data to assess the musculoskeletal manifestations on COVID-19-positive individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patty K. dos Santos
- Muscle Physiology and Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Anabelle S. Cornachione
- Muscle Physiology and Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sanz B, Rezola-Pardo C, Arrieta H, Fernández-Atutxa A, Lora-Diaz I, Gil-Goikouria J, Rodriguez-Larrad A, Irazusta J. High serum angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 activity as a biomarker of frailty in nursing home residents. Exp Gerontol 2021; 158:111655. [PMID: 34915109 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) are two of the main components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Imbalanced RAS showing lower ACE2 has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk, muscular pathologies, sarcopenia, frailty, other age-related pathologies and a poorer health status. However, its role in aging remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this work was to analyze the serum enzymatic activity of ACE and ACE2, the ACE/ACE2 ratio and its association with anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, physical function, dependence and frailty in older people living in nursing homes. This study is a secondary analysis of baseline data from two randomized clinical trials in a population of 228 older individuals living in nursing homes (Spain). Serum ACE and ACE2 enzymatic activities were measured by fluorimetry. Variables linked to cardiovascular risk, physical function, dependence and frailty were measured using validated tests, indexes and scales. Association between ACE, ACE2 serum activities, the ACE/ACE2 ratio and the rest of the quantitative variables were assessed by Pearson's correlations and by partial correlations controlled by age and sex. The association between serum ACE and ACE2 activities, the ACE/ACE2 ratio and frailty scores was analyzed by generalized linear models with and without controlling for sex and age. Differences in enzymatic activities between sexes and between frail and non-frail individuals were analyzed using Student's t-test and general linear models to control analysis by age and sex. We found that higher serum ACE2 activity was associated with a higher body mass index, worse physical function, greater dependence and increased frailty. This association is consistent with the elevation of circulating ACE2 in certain pathological conditions and in line with RAS deregulation in muscular dystrophies. Serum ACE2 activity, in combination with other molecules, could be proposed as a biomarker of poor physical function, higher dependence and frailty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Sanz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Chloe Rezola-Pardo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Haritz Arrieta
- Department of Nursing II, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
| | - Ainhoa Fernández-Atutxa
- Department of Nursing I, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Lora-Diaz
- DomusVi Berra, Berratxo Bidea, 2, 20017 Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
| | - Javier Gil-Goikouria
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Larrad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Jon Irazusta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Renoprotection Induced by Aerobic Training Is Dependent on Nitric Oxide Bioavailability in Obese Zucker Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3683796. [PMID: 34621463 PMCID: PMC8492245 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3683796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic training (AT) promotes several health benefits that may attenuate the progression of obesity associated diabetes. Since AT is an important nitric oxide (NO−) inducer mediating kidney-healthy phenotype, the present study is aimed at investigating the effects of AT on metabolic parameters, morphological, redox balance, inflammatory profile, and vasoactive peptides in the kidney of obese-diabetic Zucker rats receiving L-NAME (N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester). Forty male Zucker rats (6 wk old) were assigned into four groups (n = 10, each): sedentary lean rats (CTL-Lean), sedentary obese rats (CTL-Obese), AT trained obese rats without blocking nitric oxide synthase (NOS) (Obese+AT), and obese-trained with NOS block (Obese+AT+L-NAME). AT groups ran 60 min in the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS), five days/wk/8 wk. Obese+AT rats improved glycemic homeostasis, SBP, aerobic capacity, renal mitochondria integrity, redox balance, inflammatory profile (e.g., TNF-α, CRP, IL-10, IL-4, and IL-17a), and molecules related to renal NO− metabolism (klotho/FGF23 axis, vasoactive peptides, renal histology, and reduced proteinuria). However, none of these positive outcomes were observed in CTL-Obese and Obese+AT+L-NAME (p < 0.0001) groups. Although Obese+AT+L-NAME lowered BP (compared with CTL-Obese; p < 0.0001), renal damage was observed after AT intervention. Furthermore, AT training under conditions of low NO− concentration increased signaling pathways associated with ACE-2/ANG1-7/MASr. We conclude that AT represents an important nonpharmacological intervention to improve kidney function in obese Zucker rats. However, these renal and metabolic benefits promoted by AT are dependent on NO− bioavailability and its underlying regulatory mechanisms.
Collapse
|
17
|
Gregório JF, Magalhães GS, Rodrigues-Machado MG, Gonzaga KER, Motta-Santos D, Cassini-Vieira P, Barcelos LS, Vieira MAR, Santos RAS, Campagnole-Santos MJ. Angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas receptor modulates anti-inflammatory effects of exercise training in a model of chronic allergic lung inflammation. Life Sci 2021; 282:119792. [PMID: 34229006 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Exercise training increases circulating and tissue levels of angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)], which was shown to attenuate inflammation and fibrosis in different diseases. Here, we evaluated whether Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor is involved in the beneficial effects of aerobic training in a chronic model of asthma. MATERIAL AND METHODS BALB/c mice were subjected to a protocol of asthma induced by ovalbumin sensitization (OVA; 4 i.p. injections) and OVA challenge (3 times/week for 4 weeks). Simultaneously to the challenge period, part of the animals was continuously treated with Mas receptor antagonist (A779, 1 μg/h; for 28 days) and trained in a treadmill (TRE; 60% of the maximal capacity, 1 h/day, 5 days/week during 4 weeks). PGC1-α mRNA expression (qRT-PCR), plasma IgE and lung cytokines (ELISA), inflammatory cells infiltration (enzymatic activity assay) and airway remodeling (by histology) were evaluated. KEY FINDINGS Blocking the Mas receptor with A779 increased IgE and IL-13 levels and prevented the reduction in extracellular matrix deposition in airways in OVA-TRE mice. Mas receptor blockade prevented the reduction of myeloperoxidase activity, as well as, prevented exercise-induced IL-10 increase. These data show that activation of Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor pathway is involved in the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of aerobic training in an experimental model of chronic asthma. SIGNIFICANCE Our results support exercise training as a non-pharmacological tool to defeat lung remodeling induced by chronic pulmonary inflammation. Further, our result also supports development of new therapy based on Ang-(1-7) or Mas agonists as important tool for asthma treatment in those patients that cannot perform aerobic training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Fabiana Gregório
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Giselle Santos Magalhães
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Healthy Sciences of Faculty of Medical Sciences of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Kézia Emanoeli Ramos Gonzaga
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Healthy Sciences of Faculty of Medical Sciences of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Daisy Motta-Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Sports Department, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Puebla Cassini-Vieira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucíola Silva Barcelos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Ribeiro Vieira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Robson Augusto Souza Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Jose Campagnole-Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Totou NL, de Moura SS, Martins Júnior FDAD, de Sousa FB, Coelho DB, de Oliveira EC, Dos Santos RAS, Becker LK, de Lima WG. Oral administration of angiotensin-(1-7) decreases muscle damage and prevents the fibrosis in rats after eccentric exercise. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1710-1719. [PMID: 33998067 DOI: 10.1113/ep089308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Eccentric contraction exercises cause damage to muscle fibres and induce inflammatory responses. The exacerbation of this process can induce deposition of fibrous connective tissue, leading to decreased muscle function. The aim of this study was to examine the role of angiotensin-(1-7) in this context. What is the main finding and its importance? Our results show that oral treatment with angiotensin-(1-7) decreases muscle damage induced by eccentric exercise, reducing inflammation and fibrosis in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. This study shows a potential effect of angiotensin-(1-7) for the prevention of muscle injuries induced by physical exercise. ABSTRACT Eccentric contraction exercises cause damage to the muscle fibres and induce an inflammatory reaction. The protective effect of angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] in skeletal muscle has led us to examine the role of this peptide in modifying processes associated with inflammation and fibrogenesis induced by eccentric exercise. In this study, we sought to investigate the effects of oral administration of Ang-(1-7) formulated in hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HPβ-CD) in prevention and treatment of muscle damage after downhill running. Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (untreated and not exercised; n = 10); treated/exercised HPβ-CD Ang-(1-7) (n = 40); and treated/exercised HPβ-CD (n = 40). Exercised groups were subjected to a single eccentric contraction exercise session on a treadmill inclined to -13° at a constant speed of 20 m/min, for 60 min. Oral administration of HPβ-CD Ang-(1-7) and HPβ-CD was performed 3 h before the exercise protocol and daily as a single dose, until the end of the experiment. Samples were collected 4, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after the exercise session. The animals treated with the Ang-(1-7) showed lower levels of creatine kinase, lower levels of tumor necrosis factor-α in soleus muscle and increased levels of interleukin-10 cytokines. The inflammatory cells and deposition of fibrous connective tissue in soleus and gastrocnemius muscles were lower in the group treated with Ang-(1-7). The results of this study show that treatment with an oral formulation of Ang-(1-7) enhances the process of repair of muscle injury induced by eccentric exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nádia Lúcia Totou
- Biological Sciences Research Center - Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Samara Silva de Moura
- School of Physical Education, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Frederico Barros de Sousa
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Supramolecular Systems (LSPS), Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Federal University of Itajuba (UNIFEI), Itajuba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel Barbosa Coelho
- School of Physical Education, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Emerson Cruz de Oliveira
- School of Physical Education, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Robson Augusto Souza Dos Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lenice Kappes Becker
- School of Physical Education, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wanderson Geraldo de Lima
- Biological Sciences Research Center - Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sfera A, Osorio C, Zapata Martín del Campo CM, Pereida S, Maurer S, Maldonado JC, Kozlakidis Z. Endothelial Senescence and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, a COVID-19 Based Hypothesis. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:673217. [PMID: 34248502 PMCID: PMC8267916 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.673217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome is a serious illness of unknown etiology, characterized by debilitating exhaustion, memory impairment, pain and sleep abnormalities. Viral infections are believed to initiate the pathogenesis of this syndrome although the definite proof remains elusive. With the unfolding of COVID-19 pandemic, the interest in this condition has resurfaced as excessive tiredness, a major complaint of patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, often lingers for a long time, resulting in disability, and poor life quality. In a previous article, we hypothesized that COVID-19-upregulated angiotensin II triggered premature endothelial cell senescence, disrupting the intestinal and blood brain barriers. Here, we hypothesize further that post-viral sequelae, including myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, are promoted by the gut microbes or toxin translocation from the gastrointestinal tract into other tissues, including the brain. This model is supported by the SARS-CoV-2 interaction with host proteins and bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Conversely, targeting microbial translocation and cellular senescence may ameliorate the symptoms of this disabling illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adonis Sfera
- Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Steve Maurer
- Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Jose Campo Maldonado
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United States
| | - Zisis Kozlakidis
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lower limb strength training (LLST) modulates serum and urinary levels of renin angiotensin system molecules in healthy young males. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00773-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
21
|
Jiang F, Yang WL, Wang JW, Zhu Z, Luo C, Arendt-Nielsen L, Song XJ. Pain during and after coronavirus disease 2019: Chinese perspectives. Pain Rep 2021; 6:e931. [PMID: 33997586 PMCID: PMC8116038 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic poses a major threat to human health and health care systems. Urgent prevention and control measures have obstructed patients' access to pain treatment, and many patients with pain have been unable to receive adequate and timely medical services. Many patients with COVID-19 report painful symptoms including headache, muscle pain, and chest pain during the initial phase of the disease. Persistent pain sequela in patients with COVID-19 has a physical or mental impact and may also affect the immune, endocrine, and other systems. However, the management and treatment of neurological symptoms such as pain are often neglected for patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Based on the China's early experience in the management of COVID-19 symptoms, the possible negative effects of pre-existing chronic pain in patients with COVID-19 and the challenges of COVID-19 prevention and control bring to the diagnosis and treatment of chronic pain are discussed. This review calls to attention the need to optimize pain management during and after COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- Translational Institute for Cancer Pain, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan-Li Yang
- Translational Institute for Cancer Pain, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Wei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ceng Luo
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lars Arendt-Nielsen
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Xue-Jun Song
- SUSTech Center for Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
de Moura SS, Mendes ATP, de Assis Dias Martins-Júnior F, Totou NL, Coelho DB, Oliveira ECD, Motta-Santos D, Dos Santos RAS, Becker LK. Angiotensin-(1-7) oral formulation improves physical performance in mountain bike athletes: a double-blinded crossover study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2021; 13:47. [PMID: 33957973 PMCID: PMC8101253 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00274-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The ECA2/Ang-(1–7)/Mas axis is shown to be involved in effects mediated by physical exercise, as it can induce the release of nitric oxide (ON) and bradykinin (BK), which are potent vasodilators. The vasodilating action the NO/BK can contribute to increased metabolic efficiency in muscle tissue and central nervous system. The formulation HPβ-CD-Ang-(1–7) through its mechanisms of action can be a promising supplement to aid in the maintenance and improvement of performance and may also favor recovery during competitions. The premise of this study was to investigate the effects of acute oral supplementation HPβ-CD-Ang-(1–7) on the performance of mountain bike (MTB) practitioners. Methods Fourteen recreational athletes, involved in training programs for at least one year, participated in this crossover design study. Subjects underwent two days of testing with a seven-day interval. HPβ-CD-Ang-(1–7) (1.75 mg) and HPβCD-Placebo were provided in capsules three hours prior to tests. To determine the safety of the HPβ-CD-Ang-(1–7) formulation associated with physical effort, cardiovascular parameters heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were analyzed. Physical performance was measured using maximal oxygen uptake (VO2), total exercise time (TET), mechanical work (MW), mechanical efficiency (ME), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Respiratory exchange coefficient (REC), lactate and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) were measured. Maximal incremental tests were performed on a progressively loaded leg cycle ergometer. Results There were no significant differences in terms of HR or BP at rest and maximum effort between the HPβ-CD-Ang-(1–7) and placebo groups. The VO2max showed significant differences (p = 0.04). It was higher in the Ang-(1–7)condition (66.15 mlO2.kg− 1.min− 1) compared to the placebo (60.72 mlO2.kg− 1.min− 1). This was also observed for TET (Ang-(1–7) 39.10 min vs. placebo 38.14 min; p = 0.04), MW (Ang-(1–7) 156.7 vs. placebo 148.2; p = 0.04), and at the lowest RPE (Ang-(1–7) vs. placebo; p = 0.009). No significant differences were observed for REC, NEFAs, or Lactate. Conclusions These results suggest that HPβ-CD-Ang-(1–7) improves the physical performance of MTB recreational athletes and could be a promising supplement. Trial registration RBR-2 × 56pw8, registered January 15th, 2021. The study was prospectively registered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samara Silva de Moura
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition/PPGSN, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nádia Lúcia Totou
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Daniel Barbosa Coelho
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition/PPGSN, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.,Physical Education School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Emerson Cruz de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition/PPGSN, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.,Physical Education School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Daisy Motta-Santos
- Department of Sports, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Robson Augusto Souza Dos Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Lenice Kappes Becker
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition/PPGSN, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil. .,Physical Education School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Souza RAD, Nakamura PM, Teixeira IP, Souza MTD, Higino WP. A Probable Relationship between Physical Exercise and COVID-19 Mediated by the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.36660/ijcs.20200188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
24
|
Sedighimehr N, Fathi J, Hadi N, Rezaeian ZS. Rehabilitation, a necessity in hospitalized and discharged people infected with COVID-19: a narrative review. PHYSICAL THERAPY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10833196.2021.1899472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Sedighimehr
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Javad Fathi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nahal Hadi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat Rezaeian
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Rehabilitation Research Institute and Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
ACE2 in the renin-angiotensin system. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:3063-3078. [PMID: 33264412 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In 2020 we are celebrating the 20th anniversary of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) discovery. This event was a landmark that shaped the way that we see the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) today. ACE2 is an important molecular hub that connects the RAS classical arm, formed mainly by the octapeptide angiotensin II (Ang II) and its receptor AT1, with the RAS alternative or protective arm, formed mainly by the heptapeptides Ang-(1-7) and alamandine, and their receptors, Mas and MrgD, respectively. In this work we reviewed classical and modern literature to describe how ACE2 is a critical component of the protective arm, particularly in the context of the cardiac function, coagulation homeostasis and immune system. We also review recent literature to present a critical view of the role of ACE2 and RAS in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Collapse
|
26
|
ACE2, angiotensin 1-7 and skeletal muscle: review in the era of COVID-19. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:3047-3062. [PMID: 33231620 PMCID: PMC7687025 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) is a multifunctional transmembrane protein recently recognised as the entry receptor of the virus causing COVID-19. In the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), ACE2 cleaves angiotensin II (Ang II) into angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7), which is considered to exert cellular responses to counteract the activation of the RAS primarily through a receptor, Mas, in multiple organs including skeletal muscle. Previous studies have provided abundant evidence suggesting that Ang 1-7 modulates multiple signalling pathways leading to protection from pathological muscle remodelling and muscle insulin resistance. In contrast, there is relatively little evidence to support the protective role of ACE2 in skeletal muscle. The potential contribution of endogenous ACE2 to the regulation of Ang 1-7-mediated protection of these muscle pathologies is discussed in this review. Recent studies have suggested that ACE2 protects against ageing-associated muscle wasting (sarcopenia) through its function to modulate molecules outside of the RAS. Thus, the potential association of sarcopenia with ACE2 and the associated molecules outside of RAS is also presented herein. Further, we introduce the transcriptional regulation of muscle ACE2 by drugs or exercise, and briefly discuss the potential role of ACE2 in the development of COVID-19.
Collapse
|
27
|
Motta‐Santos D, Santos RAS, Santos SHS. Angiotensin-(1-7) and Obesity: Role in Cardiorespiratory Fitness and COVID-19 Implications. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:1786. [PMID: 32621779 PMCID: PMC7362166 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Motta‐Santos
- Sports DepartmentUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrazil
- INCT NanoBiofarFederal University of Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Robson A. S. Santos
- INCT NanoBiofarFederal University of Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Health ScienceUniversidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes)Montes ClarosMinas GeraisBrazil
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA)Food EngineeringUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisMontes ClarosMinas GeraisBrazil
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tan AL, Farrow M, Biglands J, Fernandes RJ, Abraldes JA, de Souza Castro FA, de Souza HL, Arriel RA, Meireles A, Marocolo M, González-Rayas JM, Rayas-Gómez AL, Mobayed-Vega FN, González-Yáñez JM, Hirai DM, Belbis MD, Holmes MJ, Calvo N, Ferguson SK, Fernandes T, Oliveira EM, Pun M, Bhandari SS. Commentaries on Viewpoint: The interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 may have consequences for skeletal muscle viral susceptibility and myopathies. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:868-871. [PMID: 33027604 PMCID: PMC7839240 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00775.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ai Lyn Tan
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom,Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Farrow
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom,Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom,School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - John Biglands
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom,Medical Physics and Engineering, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo J. Fernandes
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal,Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - J. Arturo Abraldes
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Flávio Antônio de Souza Castro
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Aquatic Sports Research Group, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Hiago L.R. de Souza
- Physiology and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rhai A. Arriel
- Physiology and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anderson Meireles
- Physiology and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Moacir Marocolo
- Physiology and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Manuel González-Rayas
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education, Monterrey, México
| | | | | | | | - Daniel M. Hirai
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Michael D. Belbis
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Michael J. Holmes
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Nainoa Calvo
- Department of Kinesiology and Exercise Science, College of Natural and Health Sciences, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii
| | - Scott K. Ferguson
- Department of Kinesiology and Exercise Science, College of Natural and Health Sciences, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii
| | - Tiago Fernandes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edilamar Menezes Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matiram Pun
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ferrandi PJ, Alway SE, Mohamed JS. The interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 may have consequences for skeletal muscle viral susceptibility and myopathies. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:864-867. [PMID: 32673162 PMCID: PMC7832004 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00321.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Ferrandi
- Laboratory of Muscle and Nerve, Department of Diagnostic and Health Sciences, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Stephen E Alway
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Junaith S Mohamed
- Laboratory of Muscle and Nerve, Department of Diagnostic and Health Sciences, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dwyer MJ, Pasini M, De Dominicis S, Righi E. Physical activity: Benefits and challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:1291-1294. [PMID: 32542719 PMCID: PMC7323175 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael John Dwyer
- Human Sciences Department, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport (NEXS) Department, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Stefano De Dominicis
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport (NEXS) Department, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elda Righi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Crisafulli
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Science, University of Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Joshi S, Mahoney S, Jahan J, Pitts L, Hackney KJ, Jarajapu YP. Blood flow restriction exercise stimulates mobilization of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and increases the circulating ACE2 levels in healthy adults. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:1423-1431. [PMID: 32324479 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00109.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) in the systemic circulation are bone marrow-derived and have the propensity of maintaining cardiovascular health. Activation of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2)-angiotensin-(1-7)-Mas receptor pathway, the vascular protective axis of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), stimulates vasculogenic functions of HSPCs. In a previous study, exposure to hypoxia increased the expressions of ACE2 and Mas, and stimulated ACE2 shedding. The current study tested if blood flow restriction exercise (BFR)-induced regional hypoxia recapitulates the in vitro observations in healthy adults. Hypoxia was induced by 80% limb occlusion pressure (LOP) via inflation cuff. Muscle oxygen saturation was determined using near-infrared spectroscopy. Peripheral blood was collected 30 min after quiet sitting (control) or after BFR. Lin-CD45lowCD34+ HSPCs were enumerated by flow cytometry, and ACE and ACE2 activities were determined in plasma and cell lysates and supernatants. Regional hypoxia resulted in muscle oxygen saturation of 17.5% compared with 49.7% in the control condition (P < 0.0001, n = 9). Circulating HSPCs were increased following BFR (834.8 ± 62.1/mL) compared with control (365 ± 59, P < 0.001, n = 7), which was associated with increased stromal-derived factor 1α and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor levels by four- and threefold, respectively (P < 0.001). ACE2 activity was increased in the whole cell lysates of HSPCs, resulting in an ACE2-to-ACE ratio of 11.7 ± 0.5 in BFR vs 9.1 ± 0.9 in control (P < 0.05). Cell supernatants have threefold increase in the ACE2-to-ACE ratio following BFR compared with control (P < 0.001). Collectively, these findings provide strong evidence for the upregulation of ACE2 by acute regional hypoxia in vivo. Hypoxic exercise regimens appear to be promising means of enhancing vascular regenerative capacity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Although many studies have explored the mechanisms of skeletal muscle growth and adaptation with hypoxia exercise interventions, less attention has been given to the potential for vascular adaptation and regenerative capacity. This study shows for the first time an acute upregulation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and increase in CD34+ vasculogenic cells following an acute bout of blood flow restriction with low-intensity exercise. These rapid changes collectively promote skeletal muscle angiogenesis. Therefore, this study supports the potential of hypoxic exercise interventions with low intensity for vascular and muscle health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shrinidh Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Sean Mahoney
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Jesmin Jahan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Logan Pitts
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Kyle J Hackney
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Yagna Pr Jarajapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Magalhães DM, Nunes-Silva A, Rocha GC, Vaz LN, de Faria MHS, Vieira ELM, Rocha NP, Simões e Silva AC. Two protocols of aerobic exercise modulate the counter-regulatory axis of the renin-angiotensin system. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03208. [PMID: 31989052 PMCID: PMC6970173 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a dual system with two opposite arms: i) the classical one formed by the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin (Ang) II and angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptors; ii) the counter-regulatory arm consisting of ACE2, Ang-(1–7) and Mas receptor. Physical exercise can modulate this system, however, only animal studies have compared the effects of different intensity protocols on the RAS. No data with humans were provided. Therefore, we investigated the acute effect of two protocols of isowork aerobic exercise [High-Intensity Interval Exercise (HIIE) and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise (MICE)] in plasma and urinary levels of RAS components in physically active men. Main methods The HIIE protocol included a 5-minute warm-up cycling at 60–70% of heart rate peak (HRp) intensity followed by 10 sets of 30 s above 90% with 1 min of recovery and 3 min of cool down. The MICE protocol was performed at a constant power corresponding to 60–70% of HRp and finalized at the same total work of HIIE. Blood and urine samples were collected before and after the protocols. Plasma and urinary levels of ACE, ACE2, Ang-(1–7) and Ang II were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Key findings While the HIIE protocol significantly increased urinary levels of ACE and plasma levels of ACE2, the MICE protocol elevated urinary concentrations of ACE2 and of Ang-(1–7). A greater increase of urine concentrations of Ang-(1–7) occurred in the MICE if compared with the HIIE protocol. Significance Aerobic physical exercise acutely increases the activity of the counter-regulatory RAS axis, mostly the MICE protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Massote Magalhães
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Room 281, Belo Horizonte, Postal Code: 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Albená Nunes-Silva
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Centro Desportivo da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Rua Dois, 110, Campus Universitário - Ginásio de Esportes, Ouro Preto, MG, Postal Code: 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Carvalho Rocha
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Room 281, Belo Horizonte, Postal Code: 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Neves Vaz
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Room 281, Belo Horizonte, Postal Code: 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Henrique Salviano de Faria
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Room 281, Belo Horizonte, Postal Code: 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Erica Leandro Marciano Vieira
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Room 281, Belo Horizonte, Postal Code: 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Natalia Pessoa Rocha
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Room 281, Belo Horizonte, Postal Code: 30130-100, MG, Brazil
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA
| | - Ana Cristina Simões e Silva
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Room 281, Belo Horizonte, Postal Code: 30130-100, MG, Brazil
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Soares DDS, Pinto GH, Lopes A, Caetano DSL, Nascimento TG, Andrades ME, Clausell N, Rohde LEP, Leitão SAT, Biolo A. Cardiac hypertrophy in mice submitted to a swimming protocol: influence of training volume and intensity on myocardial renin-angiotensin system. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 316:R776-R782. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00205.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Exercise promotes physiological cardiac hypertrophy and activates the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which plays an important role in cardiac physiology, both through the classical axis [angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) activated by angiotensin II (ANG II)] and the alternative axis [proto-oncogene Mas receptor (MASR) activated by angiotensin-(1–7)]. However, very intense exercise could have deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system. We aimed to analyze the cardiac hypertrophy phenotype and the classical and alternative RAS axes in the myocardium of mice submitted to swimming exercises of varying volume and intensity for the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Male Balb/c mice were divided into three groups, sedentary, swimming twice a day without overload (T2), and swimming three times a day with a 2% body weight overload (T3), totaling 6 wk of training. Both training groups developed similar cardiac hypertrophy, but only T3 mice improved their oxidative capacity. We observed that T2 had increased levels of MASR, which was followed by the activation of its main downstream protein AKT; meanwhile, AT1R and its main downstream protein ERK remained unchanged. Furthermore, no change was observed regarding the levels of angiotensin peptides, in either group. In addition, we observed no change in the ratio of expression of the myosin heavy chain β-isoform to that of the α-isoform. Fibrosis was not observed in any of the groups. In conclusion, our results suggest that increasing exercise volume and intensity did not induce a pathological hypertrophy phenotype, but instead improved the oxidative capacity, and this process might have the participation of the RAS alternative axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas dos Santos Soares
- Experimental and Molecular Cardiovascular Laboratory and Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Unit, Cardiology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Graziela Hünning Pinto
- Experimental and Molecular Cardiovascular Laboratory and Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Unit, Cardiology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Amanda Lopes
- Experimental and Molecular Cardiovascular Laboratory and Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Unit, Cardiology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daniel Sturza Lucas Caetano
- Experimental and Molecular Cardiovascular Laboratory and Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Unit, Cardiology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Thaiane Gomes Nascimento
- Experimental and Molecular Cardiovascular Laboratory and Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Unit, Cardiology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Michael E. Andrades
- Experimental and Molecular Cardiovascular Laboratory and Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Unit, Cardiology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Nadine Clausell
- Experimental and Molecular Cardiovascular Laboratory and Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Unit, Cardiology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luis E. Paim Rohde
- Experimental and Molecular Cardiovascular Laboratory and Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Unit, Cardiology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Santiago Alonso Tobar Leitão
- Experimental and Molecular Cardiovascular Laboratory and Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Unit, Cardiology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andreia Biolo
- Experimental and Molecular Cardiovascular Laboratory and Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Unit, Cardiology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Almeida JA, Motta-Santos D, Petriz BA, Gomes CPDC, Nogueira ME, Pereira RW, Araújo RC, Prestes J, Franco OL. High-intensity aerobic training lowers blood pressure and modulates the renal renin-angiotensin system in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2019; 42:233-238. [PMID: 31122077 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2019.1619755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to verify the effects of high-intensity aerobic training (HIAT) on BP control and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components in renal tissue of SHR. Ten SHRs received HIAT or control for 8-weeks. At the end of the training, the SBP showed a reduction of ~ 30mmHg (p < .01) in HIAT and increased by ~ 15 mmHg in the control group. HIAT resulted in a higher release of nitrite, IL-6, ACE2 and ATR2. These results indicated an association between BP, NO and renal RAS.Abbreviations: JAA: writing, carried out all experimental procedures, performed statistical analysis, original draft and revised manuscript DMS: data interpretation, formal analysis, writing, editing and revised manuscript BAP: carried all experimental procedures, revised manuscritpt CPCG: carried all experimental procedures, revised manuscritpt MEN: experimental procedures, revised manuscript and data interpretation RWP: drafted and revised manuscript RCA: writing, experimental procedures, revised manuscript JP: writing, data interpretation and revised manuscript OLF: writing, original draft and revised manuscript.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeeser Alves Almeida
- Graduate Program in Health and Development, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, MS, Brazil.,Research in Exercise and Nutrition in Health and Sports Performance - PENSARE, Graduate Program in Movement Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, MS, Brazil
| | - Daisy Motta-Santos
- Sports Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Assis Petriz
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Franca - UNIFRAN, Franca, SP, Brazil.,Laboratory of Molecular Exercise Physiology - University Center - UDF, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Murilo Esteves Nogueira
- Graduate Program in Health and Development, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, MS, Brazil.,Research in Exercise and Nutrition in Health and Sports Performance - PENSARE, Graduate Program in Movement Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, MS, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo Wellerson Pereira
- Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Jonato Prestes
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.,S-Inova Biotech, Biotechnology Graduate Program, Catholic University Don Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Alamandine attenuates arterial remodelling induced by transverse aortic constriction in mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:629-643. [PMID: 30737255 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aims: The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of vascular diseases, especially as a mediator of inflammation and tissue remodelling. Alamandine (Ala1-angiotensin-(1-7)) is a new biologically active peptide from the RAS, interacting with Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor member D. Although a growing number of studies reveal the cardioprotective effects of alamandine, there is a paucity of data on its participation in vascular remodelling associated events. In the present study, we investigated the effects of alamandine on ascending aorta remodelling after transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in mice. Methods and results: C57BL/6J male mice were divided into the following groups: Sham (sham-operated), TAC (operated) and TAC+ALA (operated and treated with alamandine-HPβCD (2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin), 30 μg/kg/day, by gavage). Oral administration of alamandine for 14 days attenuated arterial remodelling by decreasing ascending aorta media layer thickness and the cells density in the adventitia induced by TAC. Alamandine administration attenuated ascending aorta fibrosis induced by TAC, through a reduction in the following parameters; total collagen deposition, expression collagen III and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) transcripts, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity and vascular expression of MMP-2. Importantly, alamandine decreased vascular expression of proinflammatory genes as CCL2, tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and was able to increase expression of MRC1 and FIZZ1, pro-resolution markers, after TAC surgery. Conclusion: Alamandine treatment attenuates vascular remodelling after TAC, at least in part, through anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects. Hence, this work opens new avenues for the use of this heptapeptide also as a therapeutic target for vascular disease.
Collapse
|
37
|
Rachid MA, da Silva Camargos ER, Marzano LAS, da Silva Oliveira B, Ferreira RN, Martinelli PM, Teixeira AL, Miranda AS, Simões E Silva AC. Effect of blockade of nitric oxide in heart tissue levels of Renin Angiotensin System components in acute experimental Chagas disease. Life Sci 2019; 219:336-342. [PMID: 30684542 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) is an important cause of cardiomyopathy in South America. The pathophysiology of CD is still a matter of debate. Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) components are clearly involved in cardiovascular diseases. RAS molecules interact with nitric oxide (NO) pathway in blood vessel and heart tissue. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate possible changes in RAS molecules during the infection with Y strain T. cruzi and in response to acute administration of an inhibitor of the enzyme NO synthase, l-NAME. Male Holtzman rats were inoculated intraperitoneally with Y strain T. cruzi and received l-NAME or tap water from one day before the infection until 13 or 17 days post infection (dpi). Angiotensin converting enzyme 1 (ACE1) levels were significantly higher at day 17 when compared to baseline in atrium, whereas, in ventricle, ACE2 levels were significantly higher in 13 dpi when compared to baseline. In response to l-NAME treatment, atrium tissue levels of ACE1 were significantly reduced in treated animals at day 17, while Angiotensin-(1-7) concentration in atrium significantly increased in this group at the same time-point. No changes were detected in RAS components in the ventricle. ACE2 levels in Soleus muscle were significantly reduced in treated animals at day 13. In conclusion, changes in RAS molecules were detected during acute phase of T. cruzi infection and the inhibition of NO synthesis clearly interfered with expression of ACE1 and Angiotensin-(1-7) in the atrium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milene Alvarenga Rachid
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bruna da Silva Oliveira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Novaes Ferreira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Antônio Lúcio Teixeira
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aline Silva Miranda
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Ana Cristina Simões E Silva
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Santos RAS. Genetic Models. ANGIOTENSIN-(1-7) 2019. [PMCID: PMC7120897 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-22696-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Genetically altered rat and mouse models have been instrumental in the functional analysis of genes in a physiological context. In particular, studies on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) have profited from this technology in the past. In this review, we summarize the existing animal models for the protective axis of the RAS consisting of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), angiotensin-(1-7)(Ang-(1-7), and its receptor Mas. With the help of models with altered expression of the components of this axis in the brain and cardiovascular organs, its physiological and pathophysiological functions have been elucidated. Thus, novel opportunities for therapeutic interventions in cardiovascular diseases were revealed targeting ACE2 or Mas.
Collapse
|
39
|
Alenina N, Bader M. ACE2 in Brain Physiology and Pathophysiology: Evidence from Transgenic Animal Models. Neurochem Res 2018; 44:1323-1329. [PMID: 30443713 PMCID: PMC7089194 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2679-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a protein consisting of two domains, the N-terminus is a carboxypeptidase homologous to ACE and the C-terminus is homologous to collectrin and responsible for the trafficking of the neutral amino acid transporter B(0)AT1 to the plasma membrane of gut epithelial cells. The carboxypeptidase domain not only metabolizes angiotensin II to angiotensin-(1–7), but also other peptide substrates, such as apelin, kinins and morphins. In addition, the collectrin domain regulates the levels of some amino acids in the blood, in particular of tryptophan. Therefore it is of no surprise that animals with genetic alterations in the expression of ACE2 develop a diverse pattern of phenotypes ranging from hypertension, metabolic and behavioural dysfunctions, to impairments in serotonin synthesis and neurogenesis. This review summarizes the phenotypes of such animals with a particular focus on the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Alenina
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.
- Charité - University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
- Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Klempin F, Mosienko V, Matthes S, Villela DC, Todiras M, Penninger JM, Bader M, Santos RAS, Alenina N. Depletion of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 reduces brain serotonin and impairs the running-induced neurogenic response. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3625-3634. [PMID: 29679094 PMCID: PMC7079801 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2815-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise induces cell proliferation in the adult hippocampus in rodents. Serotonin (5-HT) and angiotensin (Ang) II are important mediators of the pro-mitotic effect of physical activity. Here, we examine precursor cells in the adult brain of mice lacking angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2, and explore the effect of an acute running stimulus on neurogenesis. ACE2 metabolizes Ang II to Ang-(1-7) and is essential for the intestinal uptake of tryptophan (Trp), the 5-HT precursor. In ACE2-deficient mice, we observed a decrease in brain 5-HT levels and no increase in the number of BrdU-positive cells following exercise. Targeting the Ang II/AT1 axis by blocking the receptor, or experimentally increasing Trp/5-HT levels in the brain of ACE2-deficient mice, did not rescue the running-induced effect. Furthermore, mice lacking the Ang-(1-7) receptor, Mas, presented a normal neurogenic response to exercise. Our results identify ACE2 as a novel factor required for exercise-dependent modulation of adult neurogenesis and essential for 5-HT metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Klempin
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
- Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Valentina Mosienko
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Building D11, Exeter, EX4 4PS, UK
| | - Susann Matthes
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel C Villela
- Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFmG), ICB, Belo Horizonte, MG, 6627, Brazil
- Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Mihail Todiras
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robson A S Santos
- Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFmG), ICB, Belo Horizonte, MG, 6627, Brazil
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Modulation of the renin-angiotensin system in white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle: focus on exercise training. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:1487-1507. [PMID: 30037837 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin (Ang) system (RAS) increases the classical arm (Ang-converting enzyme (ACE)/Ang II/Ang type 1 receptor (AT1R)) to the detriment of the protective arm (ACE2/Ang 1-7/Mas receptor (MasR)). The components of the RAS are present locally in white adipose tissue (WAT) and skeletal muscle, which act co-operatively, through specific mediators, in response to pathophysiological changes. In WAT, up-regulation of the classical arm promotes lipogenesis and reduces lipolysis and adipogenesis, leading to adipocyte hypertrophy and lipid storage, which are related to insulin resistance and increased inflammation. In skeletal muscle, the classical arm promotes protein degradation and increases the inflammatory status and oxidative stress, leading to muscle wasting. Conversely, the protective arm plays a counter-regulatory role by opposing the effect of Ang II. The accumulation of adipose tissue and muscle mass loss is associated with a higher risk of morbidity and mortality, which could be related, in part, to overactivation of the RAS. On the other hand, exercise training (ExT) shifts the balance of the RAS towards the protective arm, promoting the inhibition of the classical arm in parallel with the stimulation of the protective arm. Thus, fat mobilization and maintenance of muscle mass and function are facilitated. However, the mechanisms underlying exercise-induced changes in the RAS remain unclear. In this review, we present the RAS as a key mechanism of WAT and skeletal muscle metabolic dysfunction. Furthermore, we discuss the interaction between the RAS and exercise and the possible underlying mechanisms of the health-related aspects of ExT.
Collapse
|
42
|
Mogi M, Kohara K, Tabara Y, Tsukuda K, Igase M, Horiuchi M. Correlation between the 24-h urinary angiotensinogen or aldosterone level and muscle mass: Japan shimanami health promoting program study. Hypertens Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
43
|
Santos RAS, Sampaio WO, Alzamora AC, Motta-Santos D, Alenina N, Bader M, Campagnole-Santos MJ. The ACE2/Angiotensin-(1-7)/MAS Axis of the Renin-Angiotensin System: Focus on Angiotensin-(1-7). Physiol Rev 2018; 98:505-553. [PMID: 29351514 PMCID: PMC7203574 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00023.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 683] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a key player in the control of the cardiovascular system and hydroelectrolyte balance, with an influence on organs and functions throughout the body. The classical view of this system saw it as a sequence of many enzymatic steps that culminate in the production of a single biologically active metabolite, the octapeptide angiotensin (ANG) II, by the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). The past two decades have revealed new functions for some of the intermediate products, beyond their roles as substrates along the classical route. They may be processed in alternative ways by enzymes such as the ACE homolog ACE2. One effect is to establish a second axis through ACE2/ANG-(1-7)/MAS, whose end point is the metabolite ANG-(1-7). ACE2 and other enzymes can form ANG-(1-7) directly or indirectly from either the decapeptide ANG I or from ANG II. In many cases, this second axis appears to counteract or modulate the effects of the classical axis. ANG-(1-7) itself acts on the receptor MAS to influence a range of mechanisms in the heart, kidney, brain, and other tissues. This review highlights the current knowledge about the roles of ANG-(1-7) in physiology and disease, with particular emphasis on the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robson Augusto Souza Santos
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil ; Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , Brazil ; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin , Germany ; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin , Germany ; Charité - University Medicine, Berlin , Germany ; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin , Germany ; Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
| | - Walkyria Oliveira Sampaio
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil ; Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , Brazil ; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin , Germany ; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin , Germany ; Charité - University Medicine, Berlin , Germany ; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin , Germany ; Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
| | - Andreia C Alzamora
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil ; Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , Brazil ; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin , Germany ; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin , Germany ; Charité - University Medicine, Berlin , Germany ; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin , Germany ; Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
| | - Daisy Motta-Santos
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil ; Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , Brazil ; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin , Germany ; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin , Germany ; Charité - University Medicine, Berlin , Germany ; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin , Germany ; Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
| | - Natalia Alenina
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil ; Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , Brazil ; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin , Germany ; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin , Germany ; Charité - University Medicine, Berlin , Germany ; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin , Germany ; Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil ; Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , Brazil ; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin , Germany ; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin , Germany ; Charité - University Medicine, Berlin , Germany ; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin , Germany ; Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
| | - Maria Jose Campagnole-Santos
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil ; Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , Brazil ; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin , Germany ; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin , Germany ; Charité - University Medicine, Berlin , Germany ; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin , Germany ; Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Cabello-Verrugio C, Rivera JC, Garcia D. Skeletal muscle wasting: new role of nonclassical renin-angiotensin system. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2017; 20:158-163. [PMID: 28207424 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Skeletal muscle can be affected by many physiological and pathological conditions that contribute to the development of muscle weakness, including skeletal muscle loss, inflammatory processes, or fibrosis. Therefore, research into therapeutic treatment alternatives or alleviation of these effects on skeletal muscle is of great importance. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have shown that angiotensin (1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] - a vasoactive peptide of the nonclassical axis in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) - and its Mas receptor are expressed in skeletal muscle. Ang-(1-7), through its Mas receptor, prevents or diminishes deleterious effects induced by skeletal muscle disease or injury. Specifically, the Ang-(1-7)-Mas receptor axis modulates molecular mechanisms involved in muscle mass regulation, such as the ubiquitin proteasome pathway, the insulin-like growth factor type 1/Akt (protein kinase B) pathway, or myonuclear apoptosis, and also inflammation and fibrosis pathways. SUMMARY Although further research into this topic and the possible side effects of Ang-(1-7) is necessary, these findings are promising, and suggest that the Ang-(1-7)-Mas axis can be considered a possible therapeutic target for treating patients with muscular disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- aLaboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile bMillennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Goessler KF, Polito MD, Mota GDF, de Oliveira EM, Cornelissen VA. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 polymorphisms and postexercise hypotension in hypertensive medicated individuals. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2016; 38:206-212. [DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karla F. Goessler
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences; Research Group of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
- Research Group of Cardiovascular Response and Exercise; State University of Londrina; Londrina Brazil
| | - Marcos D. Polito
- Research Group of Cardiovascular Response and Exercise; State University of Londrina; Londrina Brazil
| | - Gloria de F. Mota
- School of Physical Education and Sport; University of Sao Paulo; Sao Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Véronique A. Cornelissen
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences; Research Group of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| |
Collapse
|