1
|
Wei J, Guo F, Song Y, Feng T, Wang Y, Xu K, Song J, Kaysar E, Abdukayyum R, Lin F, Li K, Li B, Qian Z, Wang X, Wang H, Xu T. Analysis of the components of Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat-resistant antigen (Mtb-HAg) and its regulation of γδ T-cell function. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:70. [PMID: 38741147 PMCID: PMC11089708 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00585-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat-resistant antigen (Mtb-HAg) is a peptide antigen released from the mycobacterial cytoplasm into the supernatant of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) attenuated H37Ra strain after autoclaving at 121 °C for 20 min. Mtb-HAg can specifically induce γδ T-cell proliferation in vitro. However, the exact composition of Mtb-HAg and the protein antigens that are responsible for its function are currently unknown. METHODS Mtb-HAg extracted from the Mtb H37Ra strain was subjected to LC‒MS mass spectrometry. Twelve of the identified protein fractions were recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli by genetic engineering technology using pET-28a as a plasmid and purified by Ni-NTA agarose resin to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from different healthy individuals. The proliferation of γδ T cells and major γδ T-cell subset types as well as the production of TNF-α and IFN-γ were determined by flow cytometry. Their proliferating γδ T cells were isolated and purified using MACS separation columns, and Mtb H37Ra-infected THP-1 was co-cultured with isolated and purified γδ T cells to quantify Mycobacterium viability by counting CFUs. RESULTS In this study, Mtb-HAg from the attenuated Mtb H37Ra strain was analysed by LC‒MS mass spectrometry, and a total of 564 proteins were identified. Analysis of the identified protein fractions revealed that the major protein components included heat shock proteins and Mtb-specific antigenic proteins. Recombinant expression of 10 of these proteins in by Escherichia coli genetic engineering technology was used to successfully stimulate PBMCs from different healthy individuals, but 2 of the proteins, EsxJ and EsxA, were not expressed. Flow cytometry results showed that, compared with the IL-2 control, HspX, GroEL1, and GroES specifically induced γδ T-cell expansion, with Vγ2δ2 T cells as the main subset, and the secretion of the antimicrobial cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ. In contrast, HtpG, DnaK, GroEL2, HbhA, Mpt63, EsxB, and EsxN were unable to promote γδ T-cell proliferation and the secretion of TNF-α and IFN-γ. None of the above recombinant proteins were able to induce the secretion of TNF-α and IFN-γ by αβ T cells. In addition, TNF-α, IFN-γ-producing γδ T cells inhibit the growth of intracellular Mtb. CONCLUSION Activated γδ T cells induced by Mtb-HAg components HspX, GroES, GroEL1 to produce TNF-α, IFN-γ modulate macrophages to inhibit intracellular Mtb growth. These data lay the foundation for subsequent studies on the mechanism by which Mtb-HAg induces γδ T-cell proliferation in vitro, as well as the development of preventive and therapeutic vaccines and rapid diagnostic reagents.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Humans
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Antigens, Bacterial/metabolism
- Antigens, Bacterial/genetics
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics
- Cell Proliferation
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei
- Laboratory Medicine Experimental Center, Laboratory Medicine College, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Fangzheng Guo
- Laboratory Medicine Experimental Center, Laboratory Medicine College, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Yamin Song
- Laboratory Medicine Experimental Center, Laboratory Medicine College, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Tong Feng
- Laboratory Medicine Experimental Center, Laboratory Medicine College, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Jianhan Song
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Eldana Kaysar
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hotan Characteristic Chinese Traditional Medicine Research, College of Xinjiang Uyghur Medicine, Hotan, 848099, China
| | - Reyima Abdukayyum
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hotan Characteristic Chinese Traditional Medicine Research, College of Xinjiang Uyghur Medicine, Hotan, 848099, China
| | - Feiyang Lin
- Laboratory Medicine Experimental Center, Laboratory Medicine College, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Kangsheng Li
- Laboratory Medicine Experimental Center, Laboratory Medicine College, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Baiqing Li
- Laboratory Medicine Experimental Center, Laboratory Medicine College, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Zhongqing Qian
- Laboratory Medicine Experimental Center, Laboratory Medicine College, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Experimental Center, Laboratory Medicine College, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China.
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hotan Characteristic Chinese Traditional Medicine Research, College of Xinjiang Uyghur Medicine, Hotan, 848099, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China.
| | - Tao Xu
- Laboratory Medicine Experimental Center, Laboratory Medicine College, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Barik S, Panda AK, Biswas VK, Das S, Chakraborty A, Beura S, Modak R, Raghav SK, Kar RK, Biswas A. Lysine acetylation of Hsp16.3: Effect on its structure, chaperone function and influence towards the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131763. [PMID: 38657928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Hsp16.3 plays a vital role in the slow growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis via its chaperone function. Many secretory proteins, including Hsp16.3 undergo acetylation in vivo. Seven lysine (K) residues (K64, K78, K85, K114, K119, K132 and K136) in Hsp16.3 are acetylated inside pathogen. However, how lysine acetylation affects its structure, chaperone function and pathogen's growth is still elusive. We examined these aspects by executing in vitro chemical acetylation (acetic anhydride modification) and by utilizing a lysine acetylation mimic mutant (Hsp16.3-K64Q/K78Q/K85Q/K114Q/K119Q/K132Q/K136Q). Far- and near-UV CD measurements revealed that the chemically acetylated proteins(s) and acetylation mimic mutant has altered secondary and tertiary structure than unacetylated/wild-type protein. The chemical modification and acetylation mimic mutation also disrupted the oligomeric assembly, increased surface hydrophobicity and reduced stability of Hsp16.3, as revealed by GF-HPLC, 4,4'-dianilino-1,1'-binaphthyl-5,5'-disulfonic acid binding and urea denaturation experiments, respectively. These structural changes collectively led to an enhancement in chaperone function (aggregation and thermal inactivation prevention ability) of Hsp16.3. Moreover, when the H37Rv strain expressed the acetylation mimic mutant protein, its growth was slower in comparison to the strain expressing the wild-type/unacetylated Hsp16.3. Altogether, these findings indicated that lysine acetylation improves the chaperone function of Hsp16.3 which may influence pathogen's growth in host environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhashree Barik
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Alok Kumar Panda
- Environmental Science Laboratory, School of Applied Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Viplov Kumar Biswas
- Immunogenomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India; School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sheetal Das
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Center for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ayon Chakraborty
- University Institute of Biotechnology, University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Shibangini Beura
- Infection and Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rahul Modak
- Infection and Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Raghav
- Immunogenomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
| | - Rajiv K Kar
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Center for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ashis Biswas
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Karbalaei M, Mosavat A, Soleimanpour S, Farsiani H, Ghazvini K, Amini AA, Sankian M, Rezaee SA. Production and Evaluation of Ag85B:HspX:hFcγ1 Immunogenicity as an Fc Fusion Recombinant Multi-Stage Vaccine Candidate Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:127. [PMID: 38575759 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03655-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
An urgent need is to introduce an effective vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection. In the present study, a multi-stage M.tb immunodominant Fcγ1 fusion protein (Ag85B:HspX:hFcγ1) was designed and produced, and the immunogenicity of purified protein was evaluated. This recombinant fusion protein was produced in the Pichia pastoris expression system. The HiTrap-rPA column affinity chromatography purified and confirmed the fusion protein using ELISA and Western blotting methods. The co-localisation assay was used to confirm its proper folding and function. IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-4, and TGF-β expression in C57BL/6 mice then evaluated the immunogenicity of the construct in the presence and absence of BCG. After expression optimisation, medium-scale production and the Western blotting test confirmed suitable production of Ag85B:HspX:hFcγ1. The co-localisation results on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) showed that Ag85B:HspX:hFcγ1 properly folded and bound to hFcγRI. This strong co-localisation with its receptor can confirm inducing proper Th1 responses. The in vivo immunisation assay showed no difference in the expression of IL-4 but a substantial increase in the expression of IFN-γ and IL-12 (P ≤ 0.02) and a moderate increase in TGF-β (P = 0.05). In vivo immunisation assay revealed that Th1-inducing pathways have been stimulated, as IFN-γ and IL-12 strongly, and TGF-β expression moderately increased in Ag85B:HspX:hFcγ1 group and Ag85B:HspX:hFcγ1+BCG. Furthermore, the production of IFN-γ from splenocytes in the Ag85B:HspX:hFcγ1 group was enormously higher than in other treatments. Therefore, this Fc fusion protein can make a selective multi-stage delivery system for inducing appropriate Th1 responses and is used as a subunit vaccine alone or in combination with others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karbalaei
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Arman Mosavat
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saman Soleimanpour
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hadi Farsiani
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kiarash Ghazvini
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Amini
- Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Sankian
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Faculty of Medicine, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Azadi-Square, Medical Campus, Mashhad, 9177948564, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chugh S, Bahal RK, Dhiman R, Singh R. Antigen identification strategies and preclinical evaluation models for advancing tuberculosis vaccine development. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:57. [PMID: 38461350 PMCID: PMC10924964 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00834-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
In its myriad devastating forms, Tuberculosis (TB) has existed for centuries, and humanity is still affected by it. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), the causative agent of TB, was the foremost killer among infectious agents until the COVID-19 pandemic. One of the key healthcare strategies available to reduce the risk of TB is immunization with bacilli Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Although BCG has been widely used to protect against TB, reports show that BCG confers highly variable efficacy (0-80%) against adult pulmonary TB. Unwavering efforts have been made over the past 20 years to develop and evaluate new TB vaccine candidates. The failure of conventional preclinical animal models to fully recapitulate human response to TB, as also seen for the failure of MVA85A in clinical trials, signifies the need to develop better preclinical models for TB vaccine evaluation. In the present review article, we outline various approaches used to identify protective mycobacterial antigens and recent advancements in preclinical models for assessing the efficacy of candidate TB vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Chugh
- Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Ritika Kar Bahal
- Marshall Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Ramandeep Singh
- Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Moradi M, Vahedi F, Abbassioun A, Ramezanpour Shahi A, Sholeh M, Taheri-Anganeh M, Dargahi Z, Ghanavati R, Khatami SH, Movahedpour A. Liposomal delivery system/adjuvant for tuberculosis vaccine. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e867. [PMID: 37382263 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As reported by the World Health Organization, about 10 million individuals were infected with tuberculosis (TB) worldwide. Moreover, approximately 1.5 million people died of TB, of which 214,000 were infected with HIV simultaneously. Due to the high infection rate, the need for effective TB vaccination is highly felt. Until now, various methodologies have been proposed for the development of a protein subunit vaccine for TB. These vaccines have shown higher protection than other vaccines, particularly the Bacillus culture vaccine. The delivery system and safety regulator are common characteristics of effective adjuvants in TB vaccines and the clinical trial stage. The present study investigates the current state of TB adjuvant research focusing on the liposomal adjuvant system. Based on our findings, the liposomal system is a safe and efficient adjuvant from nanosize to microsize for vaccinations against TB, other intracellular infections, and malignancies. Clinical studies can provide valuable feedback for developing novel TB adjuvants, which ultimately enhance the impact of adjuvants on next-generation TB vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melika Moradi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Vahedi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arian Abbassioun
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicene, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Ramezanpour Shahi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Poultry diseases and hygiene Resident, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sholeh
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mortaza Taheri-Anganeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Zahra Dargahi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Seyyed Hossein Khatami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Evaluating the Performance of PPE44, HSPX, ESAT-6 and CFP-10 Factors in Tuberculosis Subunit Vaccines. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:260. [PMID: 35852636 PMCID: PMC9295111 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02949-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) is an intracellular pathogen causing long-term infection in humans that mainly attacks macrophages and can escape from the immune system with the various mechanisms. The only FDA-approved vaccine against M. tuberculosis (MTB) is Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). The protection of this vaccine typically lasts 10–15 years. Due to the increasing number of people becoming ill with MTB each year worldwide, the need to develop a new effective treatment against the disease has been increased. During the past two decades, the research budget for TB vaccine has quadrupled to over half a billion dollars. Most of these research projects were based on amplifying and stimulating the response of T-cells and developing the subunit vaccines. Additionally, these studies have demonstrated that secretory and immunogenic proteins of MTB play a key role in the pathogenesis of the bacteria. Therefore, these proteins were used to develop the new subunit vaccines. In this review, based on the use of these proteins in the successful new subunit vaccines, the PPE44, HSPX, CFP-10 and ESAT-6 antigens were selected and the role of these antigens in designing and developing new subunit vaccines against TB and for the prevention of TB were investigated.
Collapse
|
7
|
Han Lew M, Nor Norazmi M, Nordin F, Jun Tye G. A novel peptide vaccination augments cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis HspX antigen. Immunobiology 2022; 227:152201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
8
|
Nandi SK, Panda AK, Chakraborty A, Rathee S, Roy I, Barik S, Mohapatra SS, Biswas A. Role of ATP-Small Heat Shock Protein Interaction in Human Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:844826. [PMID: 35252358 PMCID: PMC8890618 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.844826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an important fuel of life for humans and Mycobacterium species. Its potential role in modulating cellular functions and implications in systemic, pulmonary, and ocular diseases is well studied. Plasma ATP has been used as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker owing to its close association with disease’s progression. Several stresses induce altered ATP generation, causing disorders and illnesses. Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are dynamic oligomers that are dominantly β-sheet in nature. Some important functions that they exhibit include preventing protein aggregation, enabling protein refolding, conferring thermotolerance to cells, and exhibiting anti-apoptotic functions. Expression and functions of sHSPs in humans are closely associated with several diseases like cataracts, cardiovascular diseases, renal diseases, cancer, etc. Additionally, there are some mycobacterial sHSPs like Mycobacterium leprae HSP18 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis HSP16.3, whose molecular chaperone functions are implicated in the growth and survival of pathogens in host species. As both ATP and sHSPs, remain closely associated with several human diseases and survival of bacterial pathogens in the host, therefore substantial research has been conducted to elucidate ATP-sHSP interaction. In this mini review, the impact of ATP on the structure and function of human and mycobacterial sHSPs is discussed. Additionally, how such interactions can influence the onset of several human diseases is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandip K. Nandi
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
- *Correspondence: Sandip K. Nandi, ; Ashis Biswas,
| | - Alok Kumar Panda
- School of Applied Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Ayon Chakraborty
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Shivani Rathee
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
| | - Ipsita Roy
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Subhashree Barik
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Ashis Biswas
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India
- *Correspondence: Sandip K. Nandi, ; Ashis Biswas,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fischinger S, Cizmeci D, Shin S, Davies L, Grace PS, Sivro A, Yende-Zuma N, Streeck H, Fortune SM, Lauffenburger DA, Naidoo K, Alter G. A Mycobacterium tuberculosis Specific IgG3 Signature of Recurrent Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:729186. [PMID: 34630406 PMCID: PMC8493041 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.729186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
South Africa has the highest prevalence of HIV and tuberculosis (TB) co-infection globally. Recurrent TB, caused by relapse or reinfection, makes up the majority of TB cases in South Africa, and HIV infected individuals have a greater likelihood of developing recurrent TB. Given that TB remains a leading cause of death for HIV infected individuals, and correlates of TB recurrence protection/risk have yet to be defined, here we sought to understand the antibody associated mechanisms of recurrent TB by investigating the humoral response in a longitudinal cohort of HIV co-infected individuals previously treated for TB with and without recurrent disease during follow-up, in order to identify antibody correlates of protection between individuals who do not have recurrent TB and individuals who do. We used a high-throughput, “systems serology” approach to profile biophysical and functional characteristics of antibodies targeting antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Differences in antibody profiles were noted between individuals with and without recurrent TB, albeit these differences were largely observed close to the time of re-diagnosis. Individuals with recurrent TB had decreased Mtb-antigen specific IgG3 titers, but not other IgG subclasses or IgA, compared to control individuals. These data point to a potential role for Mtb-specific IgG3 responses as biomarkers or direct mediators of protective immunity against Mtb recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Fischinger
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, United States.,University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Deniz Cizmeci
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Sally Shin
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Leela Davies
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Patricia S Grace
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Aida Sivro
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nonhlanhla Yende-Zuma
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa.,Medical Research Council - Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (MRC-CAPRISA) HIV-TB Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Sarah M Fortune
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Kogieleum Naidoo
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa.,Medical Research Council - Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (MRC-CAPRISA) HIV-TB Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Park C, Lee MS, Baek JH, Cho SH, Hyun BH, You SH, Cha SH. Intradermal co-inoculation of codon pair deoptimization (CPD)-attenuated chimeric porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) with Toll like receptor (TLR) agonists enhanced the protective effects in pigs against heterologous challenge. Vet Microbiol 2021; 256:109048. [PMID: 33845333 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess protective efficacy of vaccination using CPD-attenuated chimeric PRRSV and Toll like receptor (TLR) agonists (HSP70 c-terminal domain and HSPX) as adjuvants through different inoculation routes. In this study, a chimeric PRRSV composed of two field isolates was synthesized and attenuated by CPD in NSP1 as described in the previous study. The infection of the CPD-attenuated chimeric PRRSV to pigs of 3 weeks-old showed no clinical signs without pathological lesions in necropsy, while it induced improved cross immunity between its parent strains. The TLR agonists were expressed in E. coli and purified to be used. In challenge experiment, pigs of 3 weeks-old were vaccinated using the CPD-attenuated chimeric virus with the prepared TLR agonists through intramuscular or intradermal route, following heterologous challenge after 4 weeks of vaccination. In results, intramuscular or intradermal inoculation of the CPD-attenuated chimeric virus demonstrated excellent protective efficacy against heterologous challenges. Importantly, intradermal inoculation with the TLR agonists enhanced protective effects as shown in the significantly increased level of PRRSV-specific IFN-γ-SCs and cytokines in sera, and the significant reduction of pathological lesion and viral load in lung. This study suggested that the intradermal inoculation of CPD-attenuated chimeric PRRSV plus TLR agonists should be more effective for protection of pigs against diverse PRRS field viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changhoon Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Yongdu-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Shin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Yongdu-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyuk Baek
- Department of Animal Vaccine Development, BioPOA, 593-26 Dongtangiheung-ro, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Cho
- Department of Animal Vaccine Development, BioPOA, 593-26 Dongtangiheung-ro, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bang-Hun Hyun
- PRRS Research Laboratory, Viral Diseases Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hwa You
- PRRS Research Laboratory, Viral Diseases Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Cha
- PRRS Research Laboratory, Viral Diseases Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Seyed Majidi A, Bazzazi H, Zamani S, Ghaemi EA. Comparison of hspX gene sequence in the Beijing and non-Beijing Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2020; 21:100187. [PMID: 32995569 PMCID: PMC7509209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2020.100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The pathogenicity of various lineages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is different. This could be due to the difference in survival ability within the host macrophage. The alpha crystalline secretion protein, a product of the hspx gene, is one of the bacterial protection factors in these stressful situations. The Beijing family, part of the East Asian lineage, was reported to be more virulent. Regarding the importance of this protein in pathogenicity, this study was conducted to investigate the polymorphism of the hspx gene in Beijing family compared to non- Beijing strains. Method DNA of 50 MTB isolates were extracted by boiling method. The existence of hspx gene was determined using PCR-specific primer and finally PCR product was sequenced to examine the polymorphism in both direct and reverse directions. Sequencing results were aligned by chromas software. Results The hspx gene was detected in all of the Beijing and non-Beijing isolates. The polymorphism in the sequences of this gene were not observed in all of the MTB isolates. Discussion This study indicated that hspx gene is protected. Also it has showed that lineage type was not related to the sequence of hspX gene, but the expression of this protein may be different, which requires further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Seyed Majidi
- Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan Branch, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hadi Bazzazi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Samin Zamani
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ezzat Allah Ghaemi
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Alvarez AH, Flores-Valdez MA. Can immunization with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin be improved for prevention or therapy and elimination of chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection? Expert Rev Vaccines 2020; 18:1219-1227. [PMID: 31826664 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1704263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in the world. Current vaccination with BCG can prevent meningeal and disseminated TB in children. However, success against latent pulmonary TB infection (LTBI) or its reactivation is limited. Evidence suggests that there may be means to improve the efficacy of BCG raising the possibility of developing new vaccine candidates against LTBI.Areas covered: BCG improvements include the use of purified mycobacterial immunogenic proteins, either from an active or dormant state, as well as expressing those proteins from recombinant BCG strains that harvor those specific genes. It also includes boost protein mixtures with synthetic adjuvants or within liposomes, as a way to increase a protective immune response during chronic TB produced in laboratory animal models. References cited were chosen from PubMed searches.Expertopinion: Strategies aiming to improve or boost BCG have been receiving increased attention. With the advent of -omics, it has been possible to dissect several specific stages during mycobacterial infection. Recent experimental models of disease, diagnostic and immunological data obtained from individual M. tuberculosis antigens could introduce promising developments for more effective TB vaccines that may contribute to eliminating the hidden (latent) form of this infectious disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A H Alvarez
- Biotecnología Médica Farmacéutica (CIATEJ-CONACYT), Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C, Guadalajara, México
| | - M A Flores-Valdez
- Biotecnología Médica Farmacéutica (CIATEJ-CONACYT), Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C, Guadalajara, México
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Peláez EC, Estevez MC, Mongui A, Menéndez MC, Toro C, Herrera-Sandoval OL, Robledo J, García MJ, Portillo PD, Lechuga LM. Detection and Quantification of HspX Antigen in Sputum Samples Using Plasmonic Biosensing: Toward a Real Point-of-Care (POC) for Tuberculosis Diagnosis. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:1110-1120. [PMID: 32233503 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Advancements that occurred during the last years in the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis infection, have prompted increased survival rates of patients. However, limitations related to the inefficiency of an early detection still remain; some techniques and laboratory methods do not have enough specificity and most instruments are expensive and require handling by trained staff. In order to contribute to a prompt and effective diagnosis of tuberculosis, we report the development of a portable, user-friendly, and low-cost biosensor device for its early detection. By using a label-free surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor, we have established a direct immunoassay for the direct detection and quantification of the heat shock protein X (HspX) of Mtb, a well-established biomarker of this pathogen, directly in pretreated sputum samples. The method relies on highly specific monoclonal antibodies that are previously immobilized on the plasmonic sensor surface. This technology allows for the direct detection of the biomarker without amplification steps, showing a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.63 ng mL-1 and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 2.12 ng mL-1. The direct analysis in pretreated sputum shows significant differences in the HspX concentration in patients with tuberculosis (with concentration levels in the order of 116-175 ng mL-1) compared with non-tuberculosis infected patients (values below the LOQ of the assay).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enelia Cristina Peláez
- Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications Group (NanoB2A), Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, CIBER-BBN and BIST, Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico de la Industria Electro Electrónica y TIC (CIDEI), Calle 45a BIS # 19-09 Floor 2, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
- Corporación CorpoGen, Departamento Biotecnología Molecular, Carrera 4 # 20-41, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
- Research Cluster on Converging Sciences and Technology (NBIC), Universidad Central, Calle 21 #4-40, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Maria Carmen Estevez
- Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications Group (NanoB2A), Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, CIBER-BBN and BIST, Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alvaro Mongui
- Corporación CorpoGen, Departamento Biotecnología Molecular, Carrera 4 # 20-41, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - M-Carmen Menéndez
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Salud Pública y Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, St Arzobispo Morcillo s/n, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Toro
- Department of Microbiology, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPaz, St/Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar L. Herrera-Sandoval
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico de la Industria Electro Electrónica y TIC (CIDEI), Calle 45a BIS # 19-09 Floor 2, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
- Research Cluster on Converging Sciences and Technology (NBIC), Universidad Central, Calle 21 #4-40, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Jaime Robledo
- Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Laboratorio de Micobacterias, Carrera 72A 78B-141, 050034 Medellín, Colombia
| | - Maria J. García
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Salud Pública y Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, St Arzobispo Morcillo s/n, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Del Portillo
- Corporación CorpoGen, Departamento Biotecnología Molecular, Carrera 4 # 20-41, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Laura M. Lechuga
- Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications Group (NanoB2A), Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, CIBER-BBN and BIST, Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Panda AK, Chakraborty A, Nandi SK, Biswas A. The impact of different mutations at arginine141 on the structure, subunit exchange dynamics and chaperone activity of Hsp16.3. Proteins 2019; 88:759-774. [PMID: 31860142 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Hsp16.3, a molecular chaperone, plays a vital role in the growth and survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis inside the host. We previously reported that deletion of three amino acid residues (142 STN144 ) from C-terminal extension (CTE) of Hsp16.3 triggers its structural perturbation and increases its chaperone activity, which reaches its apex upon the deletion of its entire CTE (141 RSTN144 ). Thus, we hypothesized that Arg141 (R141) and Ser142 (S142) in the CTE of Hsp16.3 possibly hold the key in maintaining its native-like structure and chaperone activity. To test this hypothesis, we generated two deletion mutants in which R141 and S142 were deleted individually (Hsp16.3ΔR141 and Hsp16.3ΔS142) and three substitution mutants in which R141 was replaced by lysine (Hsp16.3R141K), alanine (Hsp16.3R141A), and glutamic acid (Hsp16.3R141E), respectively. Hsp16.3ΔS142 or Hsp16.3R141K mutant has native-like structure and chaperone activity. Deletion of R141 from the CTE (Hsp16.3ΔR141) perturbs the secondary and tertiary structure, lowers the subunit exchange dynamics and decreases the chaperone activity of Hsp16.3. But, the substitution of R141 with alanine (Hsp16.3R141A) or glutamic acid (Hsp16.3R141E) perturbs its secondary and tertiary structure. Surprisingly, such charge tampering of R141 enhances the subunit exchange dynamics and chaperone activity of Hsp16.3. Interestingly, neither the deletion of R141/S142 nor the substitution of R141 with lysine, alanine and glutamic acid affects the oligomeric mass/size of Hsp16.3. Overall, our study suggests that R141 (especially the positive charge on R141) plays a crucial role in maintaining the native-like structure as well as in regulating subunit exchange dynamics and chaperone activity of Hsp16.3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alok Kumar Panda
- School of Applied Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ayon Chakraborty
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Argul, Jatni, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sandip Kumar Nandi
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Argul, Jatni, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Ashis Biswas
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Argul, Jatni, Bhubaneswar, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lew MH, Norazmi MN, Tye GJ. Enhancement of immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis HspX antigen by incorporation of combined molecular adjuvant (CASAC). Mol Immunol 2019; 117:54-64. [PMID: 31739193 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the deadliest human diseases worldwide caused by mycobacterial infection in the lung. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine protects against disseminated TB in children, but its effectiveness is still questionable due to highly variable protections in adolescence and elderly individuals. Targeting the latency M.tb antigen is a recent therapeutic approach to eradicate dormant pathogen that could possibly lead to disease activation. In this study, we aimed to potentiate immune responses elicited against 16 kDa α-crystalline (HspX) tuberculosis latency antigen by incorporation of Combined Adjuvant for Synergistic Activation of Cellular immunity (CASAC). Histidine-tagged recombinant HspX protein was initially produced in Escherichia coli and purified using Ni-NTA chromatography. To evaluate its adjuvanticity, C57BL/6 mice (n = 5) were initially primed and intradermally immunised in 2-weeks interval for 4 rounds with recombinant HspX, formulated with and without CASAC. Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses elicited against HspX antigen were evaluated using ELISA and Flow Cytometry. Our findings showed that CASAC improved humoral immunity with increased antigen-specific IgG1 and IgG2a antibody response. Stronger CD8+ and Th1-driven immunity was induced by CASAC formulation as supported by elevated level of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12 and IL-17A; and with low IL-10 secretion. Interestingly, adjuvanted HspX vaccine triggered a higher percentage of effector memory T-cell population than those immunised with unadjuvanted vaccine. In conclusion, CASAC adjuvant has great potential to enhance immunogenicity elicited against HspX antigen, which could be an alternative regimen to improve the efficacy of future therapeutic vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Han Lew
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Nor Norazmi
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Gee Jun Tye
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mycobacterium indicus pranii protein MIP_05962 induces Th1 cell mediated immune response in mice. Int J Med Microbiol 2018; 308:1000-1008. [PMID: 30190103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Utility of Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP) as a multistage vaccine against mycobacterial infections demands identification of its protective antigens. We explored antigenicity and immunogenicity of a candidate protein MIP_05962 that depicts homology to HSP18 of M. leprae and antigen1 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This protein elicited substantial antibody response in immunized mice along with modulation of cellular immune response towards protective Th1 type. Both CD4+ and CD8+ subsets from immunized mice produced hallmark protective cytokines, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2. This protein also enhanced the CD4+ effector memory that could act as first line of defence during infections. These results point to MIP_05962 as a protective antigen that contributes, in conjunction with others, to the protective immunity of this live vaccine candidate.
Collapse
|
18
|
HspX protein as a candidate vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: an overview. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11515-018-1494-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
19
|
Flores-Valdez MA, Pedroza-Roldán C, Aceves-Sánchez MDJ, Peterson EJR, Baliga NS, Hernández-Pando R, Troudt J, Creissen E, Izzo L, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Bickett T, Izzo AA. The BCGΔBCG1419c Vaccine Candidate Reduces Lung Pathology, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 During Chronic TB Infection. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1281. [PMID: 29946316 PMCID: PMC6005825 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), the causative agent of human tuberculosis (TB), is estimated to be harbored by up to 2 billion people in a latent TB infection (LTBI) state. The only TB vaccine approved for use in humans, BCG, does not confer protection against establishment of or reactivation from LTBI, so new vaccine candidates are needed to specifically address this need. Following the hypothesis that mycobacterial biofilms resemble aspects of LTBI, we modified BCG by deleting the BCG1419c gene to create the BCGΔBCG1419c vaccine strain. In this study, we compared cytokine profiles, bacterial burden, and lung lesions after immunization with BCG or BCGΔBCG1419c before and after 6 months of aerosol infection with M. tuberculosis H37Rv in the resistant C57BL/6 mouse model. Our results show that in infected mice, BCGΔBCG1419c significantly reduced lung lesions and IL-6 in comparison to the unmodified BCG strain, and was the only vaccine that decreased production of TNF-α and IL-10 compared to non-vaccinated mice, while vaccination with BCG or BCGΔBCG1419c significantly reduced IFN-γ production. Moreover, transcriptome profiling of BCGΔBCG1419c suggests that compared to BCG, it has decreased expression of genes involved in mycolic acids (MAs) metabolism, and antigenic chaperones, which might be involved in reduced pathology compared to BCG-vaccinated mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario A Flores-Valdez
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - César Pedroza-Roldán
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Mexico
| | - Michel de Jesús Aceves-Sánchez
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | | | - Nitin S Baliga
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - JoLynn Troudt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Elizabeth Creissen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Linda Izzo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia.,School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas Bickett
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Angelo A Izzo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Amini Y, Tafaghodi M, Amel Jamehdar S, Meshkat Z, Moradi B, Sankian M. Heterologous Expression, Purification, and Characterization of the HspX, Ppe44, and EsxV Proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 6:125-130. [PMID: 29765994 PMCID: PMC5941121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subunit vaccines are appropriate vaccine candidates for the prevention of some infections. In this study, three immunogenic proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including HspX, Ppe44, and EsxV as a new construction, were expressed alone and as a fusion protein to develop a new vaccine candidate against tuberculosis infection. METHODS To make the fusion protein, the three genes were linked together by AEAAAKEAAAKA linkers and inserted into pET21b and pET32b vectors. Escherichia coli (E. coli) Top10 cells were transformed with the plasmid, and the purified plasmid was used to transform E. coli BL21 cells. Protein expression was induced with IPTG. After optimizing protein expression, the recombinant proteins were purified by Ni-NTA chromatography. Protein purification was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting with an anti-poly histidine-peroxidase monoclonal antibody against the 6His-tags at the proteins' C termini. RESULTS Directional cloning was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), restriction enzyme digestion, and sequencing. The highest expression of the tri-fusion protein and HspX were obtained by the addition of 0.2 mM of IPTG to E. coli BL-21 cells at 37 °C and 18 h of incubation. For Ppe44 and EsxV, the optimum expression conditions were 18 °C and 16 h of incubation. SDS-PAGE and Western blots confirmed that the desired proteins were produced. CONCLUSION The three desired proteins and the fusion protein were successfully expressed and the conditions for optimum expression determined. These recombinant proteins will be evaluated as vaccine candidates against tuberculosis. Further studies are needed to evaluate the abilities of these proteins to induce strong immunological responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Amini
- Microbiology & Virology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Tafaghodi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Department, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Saeid Amel Jamehdar
- Microbiology & Virology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Zahra Meshkat
- Microbiology & Virology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Bagher Moradi
- Microbiology & Virology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Sankian
- Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Grover A, Troy A, Rowe J, Troudt JM, Creissen E, McLean J, Banerjee P, Feuer G, Izzo AA. Humanized NOG mice as a model for tuberculosis vaccine-induced immunity: a comparative analysis with the mouse and guinea pig models of tuberculosis. Immunology 2017; 152:150-162. [PMID: 28502122 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The humanized mouse model has been developed as a model to identify and characterize human immune responses to human pathogens and has been used to better identify vaccine candidates. In the current studies, the humanized mouse was used to determine the ability of a vaccine to affect the immune response to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Both human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells responded to infection in humanized mice as a result of infection. In humanized mice vaccinated with either BCG or with CpG-C, a liposome-based formulation containing the M. tuberculosis antigen ESAT-6, both CD4 and CD8 T cells secreted cytokines that are known to be required for induction of protective immunity. In comparison to the C57BL/6 mouse model and Hartley guinea pig model of tuberculosis, data obtained from humanized mice complemented the data observed in the former models and provided further evidence that a vaccine can induce a human T-cell response. Humanized mice provide a crucial pre-clinical platform for evaluating human T-cell immune responses in vaccine development against M. tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Grover
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Amber Troy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jenny Rowe
- HuMurine Technologies, La Verne, CA, USA
| | - JoLynn M Troudt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth Creissen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer McLean
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Angelo A Izzo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sharma A, Equbal MJ, Pandey S, Sheikh JA, Ehtesham NZ, Hasnain SE, Chaudhuri TK. Immunodominant protein MIP_05962 from Mycobacterium indicus pranii displays chaperone activity. FEBS J 2017; 284:1338-1354. [PMID: 28296245 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis, a contagious disease of infectious origin is currently a major cause of deaths worldwide. Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP), a saprophytic nonpathogen and a potent immunomodulator is currently being investigated as an intervention against tuberculosis along with many other diseases with positive outcome. The apparent paradox of multiple chaperones in mycobacterial species and enigma about the cellular functions of the client proteins of these chaperones need to be explored. Chaperones are the known immunomodulators; thus, there is need to exploit the proteome of MIP for identification and characterization of putative chaperones. One of the immunogenic proteins, MIP_05962 is a member of heat shock protein (HSP) 20 family due to the presence of α-crystallin domain, and has amino acid similarity with Mycobacterium lepraeHSP18 protein. The diverse functions of M. lepraeHSP18 in stress conditions implicate MIP_05962 as an important protein that needs to be explored. Biophysical and biochemical characterization of the said protein proved it to be a chaperone. The observations of aggregation prevention and refolding of substrate proteins in the presence of MIP_05962 along with interaction with non-native proteins, surface hydrophobicity, formation of large oligomers, in-vivo thermal rescue of Escherichia coli expressing MIP_05962, enhancing solubility of insoluble protein maltodextrin glucosidase (MalZ) under in-vivo conditions, and thermal stability and reversibility confirmed MIP_05962 as a molecular chaperone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Sharma
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Javed Equbal
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Pandey
- National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Javaid A Sheikh
- National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Nasreen Z Ehtesham
- National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Seyed E Hasnain
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India.,Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, India
| | - Tapan K Chaudhuri
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nieto R LM, Mehaffy C, Creissen E, Troudt J, Troy A, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Burgos M, Izzo A, Dobos KM. Virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis after Acquisition of Isoniazid Resistance: Individual Nature of katG Mutants and the Possible Role of AhpC. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166807. [PMID: 27893795 PMCID: PMC5125630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, there were 10 million new tuberculosis cases per year globally. Around 9.5% of these cases were caused by isoniazid resistant (INHr) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains. Although isoniazid resistance in Mtb is multigenic, mutations in the catalase-peroxidase (katG) gene predominate among the INHr strains. The effect of these drug-resistance-conferring mutations on Mtb fitness and virulence is variable. Here, we assessed differences in bacterial growth, immune response and pathology induced by Mtb strains harboring mutations at the N-terminus of the katG gene. We studied one laboratory and one clinically isolated Mtb clonal pair from different genetic lineages. The INHr strain in each pair had one and two katG mutations with significantly reduced levels of the enzyme and peroxidase activity. Both strains share the V1A mutation, while the double mutant clinical INHr had also the novel E3V katG mutation. Four groups of C57BL/6 mice were infected with one of the Mtb strains previously described. We observed a strong reduction in virulence (reduced bacterial growth), lower induction of proinflammatory cytokines and significantly reduced pathology scores in mice infected with the clinical INHr strain compared to the infection caused by its INHs progenitor strain. On the other hand, there was a subtle reduction of bacteria growth without differences in the pathology scores in mice infected with the laboratory INHr strain. Our results also showed distinct alkyl-hydroperoxidase C (AhpC) levels in the katG mutant strains, which could explain the difference in the virulence profile observed. The difference in the AhpC levels between clonal strains was not related to a genetic defect in the gene or its promoter. Cumulatively, our results indicate that the virulence, pathology and fitness of INHr strains could be negatively affected by multiple mutations in katG, lack of the peroxidase activity and reduced AhpC levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Maria Nieto R
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Carolina Mehaffy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Creissen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - JoLynn Troudt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Amber Troy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marcos Burgos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Angelo Izzo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Karen M. Dobos
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yaghoubi A, Aryan E, Zare H, Alami S, Teimourpour R, Meshkat Z. Design and Construction of a Cloning Vector Containing the hspX Gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 5:46-50. [PMID: 28070534 PMCID: PMC5214683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of death worldwide. Finding an effective vaccine against TB is the best way to control it. Several vaccines against this disease have been developed but none are completely protective. The aim of this study was to design and construct a cloning vector containing the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) heat shock protein X (hspX). METHODS First, an hspX fragment was amplified by PCR and cloned into plasmid pcDNA3.1(+) and recombinant vector was confirmed. RESULTS A 435 bp hspX fragment was isolated. The fragment was 100% homologous with hspX of M. tuberculosis strain H37Rv in GenBank. CONCLUSION In this study, the cloning vector pcDNA3.1(+), containing a 435-bp hspX fragment of M. tuberculosis, was constructed. This could be used as a DNA vaccine to induce immune responses in animal models in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Yaghoubi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Aryan
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hosna Zare
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shadi Alami
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Teimourpour
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Zahra Meshkat
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Grover A, McLean JL, Troudt JM, Foster C, Izzo L, Creissen E, MacDonald E, Troy A, Izzo AA. Heat killed Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an adjuvant for the induction of vaccine-mediated immunity against infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Vaccine 2016; 34:2798-805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
26
|
Moradi B, Sankian M, Amini Y, Meshkat Z. Construction of a Novel DNA Vaccine Candidate Encoding an HspX-PPE44-EsxV Fusion Antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 4:89-97. [PMID: 27536702 PMCID: PMC4986267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB). Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine, is not effective in adults, therefore, many efforts have been made to produce an effective adult TB vaccine. The aim of this study was to develop a new tuberculosis DNA vaccine candidate encoding a recombinant HspX-PPE44-EsxV fusion antigen of M. tuberculosis. METHODS A fusion DNA segment consisting of HspX, linker, PPE44, linker, and EsxV, after codon optimization, was designed. The fusion DNA was cloned and its sequence confirmed. Then, expression of a recombinant pcDNA3.1 (+)/HspX-PPE44-EsxV plasmid in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was verified by RT-PCR and Western-blot analysis. RESULTS A 1968 bp band in RT-PCR and a 68 kDa band on Western-blot analysis confirmed transcription and expression of recombinant hspX-ppe44-esxV in eukaryotic cells. CONCLUSION A recombinant DNA segment encoding the HspX-PPE44-EsxV fusion antigen of M. tuberculosis was constructed and considered to be tested as a new TB DNA vaccine candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bagher Moradi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Sankian
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yousef Amini
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Meshkat
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mosavat A, Soleimanpour S, Farsiani H, Sadeghian H, Ghazvini K, Sankian M, Jamehdar SA, Rezaee SA. Fused Mycobacterium tuberculosis multi-stage immunogens with an Fc-delivery system as a promising approach for the development of a tuberculosis vaccine. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 39:163-172. [PMID: 26835592 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health problem worldwide. Currently, the Bacilli Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only available licensed TB vaccine, which has low efficacy in protection against adult pulmonary TB. Therefore, the development of a safe and effective vaccine against TB needs global attention. In the present study, a novel multi-stage subunit vaccine candidate from culture filtrate protein-10 (CFP-10) and heat shock protein X (HspX) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis fused to the Fc domain of mouse IgG2a as a selective delivery system for antigen-presenting cells (APCs) was produced and its immunogenicity assessed. The optimized gene constructs were introduced into pPICZαA expression vectors, and the resultant plasmids (pPICZαA-CFP-10:Hspx:Fcγ2a and pPICZαA-CFP-10:Hspx:His) were transferred into Pichia pastoris by electroporation. The identification of both purified recombinant fusion proteins was evaluated by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. Then the immunogenicity of the recombinant proteins with and without BCG was evaluated in BALB/c mice by assessing the level of IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-4, IL-17 and TGF-β cytokines. Both multi-stage vaccines (CFP-10:HspX:Fcγ2a and CFP-10:HspX:His) induced Th1-type cellular responses by producing high level of IFN-γ (272 pg/mL, p<0.001) and IL-12 (191 pg/mL, p<0.001). However, the Fc-tagged recombinant protein induced more effective Th1-type cellular responses with a low level of IL-4 (10 pg/mL) compared to the CFP-10:HspX:His group. The production of IFN-γ to CFP-10:HspX:Fcγ2a was markedly consistent and showed an increasing trend for IL-12 compared with the BCG or CFP-10:HspX:His primed and boosted groups. Findings revealed that CFP-10:Hspx:Fcγ2a fusion protein can elicit strong Th1 antigen-specific immune responses in favor of protective immunity in mice and could provide new insight for introducing an effective multi-stage subunit vaccine against TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arman Mosavat
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saman Soleimanpour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hadi Farsiani
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Sadeghian
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kiarash Ghazvini
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Sankian
- Immunobiochemistry Lab, Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeid Amel Jamehdar
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Research Centre, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kim WS, Kim JS, Cha SB, Kim SJ, Kim H, Kwon KW, Han SJ, Choi SY, Shin SJ. Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE27 activates dendritic cells and contributes to Th1-polarized memory immune responses during in vivo infection. Immunobiology 2015; 221:440-53. [PMID: 26655143 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A gradual understanding of the proline-glutamate (PE) and proline-proline-glutamate (PPE) families, which compromise 10% of the coding regions in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) genome, has uncovered unique roles in host-pathogen interactions. However, the immunological function of PE27 (Rv2769c), the largest PE member, remains unclear. Here, we explored the functional roles and related signaling mechanisms of PE27 in the interaction with dendritic cells (DCs) to shape the T cell response. PE27 phenotypically and functionally induces DC maturation by up-regulating CD80, CD86, MHC class I and MHC class II expression on the DC surface to promote the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12p70 but not IL-10. Additionally, we found that PE27-mediated DC activation requires the participation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways. Interestingly, PE27-treated DCs directed naïve CD4(+) T cells to secrete IFN-γ and activate T-bet but not GATA-3. PE27 also induced IFN-γ-producing memory T cell responses in Mtb-infected mice, indicating that PE27 contributes to Th1-polarization. Taken together, these findings suggest that PE27 possesses Th1-polarizing potential through DC maturation and could be useful in the design of TB vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woo Sik Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Seung Bin Cha
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - So Jeong Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Hongmin Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Kee Woong Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Seung Jung Han
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Soleimanpour S, Farsiani H, Mosavat A, Ghazvini K, Eydgahi MRA, Sankian M, Sadeghian H, Meshkat Z, Rezaee SA. APC targeting enhances immunogenicity of a novel multistage Fc-fusion tuberculosis vaccine in mice. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:10467-80. [PMID: 26373723 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6952-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that targeting immunogens to FcγR on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) can selectively uptake and increase cellular immunity in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate immunogenicity of a novel multistage tuberculosis vaccine, a combination of an early and a dormant immunogenic protein, ESAT6 and HspX, fused to Fcγ2a fragment of mouse IgG2a to target all forms of tuberculosis. Codon-optimized genes consisting of ESAT6, a linker, and HspX fused either to mouse Fcγ2a (ESAT6:HspX:mFcγ2a) or 6× His-tag (ESAT6:HspX:His) were synthesized. The resulting proteins were then produced in Pichia pastoris. The fusion proteins were separately emulsified in dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide(DDA)-trehalose-6,6-dibehenate(TDB) adjuvant, and their immunogenicity with and without bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) was assessed in C57BL/6 mice. Th1, Th2, Th17, and T-reg cytokine patterns were evaluated using the ELISA method. Both multistage vaccines induced very strong IL-12 and IFN-γ secretion from splenic cells; the Fc-tagged subunit vaccine induced a more effective Th1 immune response (IFN-γ, 910 pg/mL, and IL-12, 854 pg/mL) with a very low increase in IL-17 (∼0.1 pg/mL) and IL-4 (37 pg/mL) and a mild increase in TGF-β (543 pg/mL) compared to the BCG or ESAT6:HspX:His primed and boosted groups. The production of IFN-γ to ESAT6:HspX:Fcγ2a was very consistent and showed an increasing trend for IL-12 compared to the BCG or ESAT6:HspX:His primed and boosted groups. Fcγ2a used as a delivery vehicle supported the idea of selective uptake, inducing cross-presentation and forming a proper anti-tuberculosis response in context of Th1/Th2 and Th17/T-reg balances, which is important for protection and prevention of damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saman Soleimanpour
- Microbiology & Virology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hadi Farsiani
- Biotechnology Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Arman Mosavat
- Microbiology & Virology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kiarash Ghazvini
- Microbiology & Virology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mojtaba Sankian
- Immunobiochemistry Lab, Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Sadeghian
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Meshkat
- Microbiology & Virology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Microbiology & Virology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Research Center, Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
The extraction and isolation of native bacterial proteins continue to be valuable technical pursuits in order to understand bacterial physiology, screen for virulence determinants, and describe antigens. In this chapter, methods for the manipulation of whole mycobacterial cells are described in detail. Specifically, the concentration of spent culture filtrate media is described in order to permit separation of soluble, secreted proteins; several discrete separation techniques, including precipitation of protein mixtures with ammonium sulfate and separation of proteins by hydrophobic chromatography are also provided. Similarly, the generation of whole cell lysate and facile separation of lysate into subcellular fractions to afford cell wall, cell membrane, and cytosol enriched proteins is described. Due to the hydrophobic nature of cell wall and cell membrane proteins, several extraction protocols to resolve protein subsets (such as extraction with urea and SDS) are also provided, as well as a separation technique (isoelectric focusing) that can be applied to separate hydrophobic proteins. Lastly, two commonly used analytical techniques, in-gel digestion of proteins for LC-MS and analysis of intact proteins by MALDI-ToF MS, are provided for rapid analysis of discrete proteins within subcellular or chromatographic fractions. While these methods were optimized for the manipulation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cells, they have been successfully applied to extract and isolate Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium ulcerans, and Mycobacterium avium proteins. In addition, a number of these methods may be applied to extract and analyze mycobacterial proteins from cell lines and host derived samples.
Collapse
|
31
|
Wieczorek AE, Troudt JL, Knabenbauer P, Taylor J, Pavlicek RL, Karls R, Hess A, Davidson RM, Strong M, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Izzo AA, Dobos KM. HspX vaccination and role in virulence in the guinea pig model of tuberculosis. Pathog Dis 2014; 71:315-25. [PMID: 24616427 DOI: 10.1111/2049-632x.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) currently infects billions of people; many of whom are latently infection and at risk for reactivation. Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) while approved as a vaccine, is unable to prevent reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Subunit vaccines boosting BCG or given alone are being tested for efficacy in LTBI models. Alpha-crystallin (Acr, HspX), is a latency associated protein and subunit vaccine candidate. In this report, three HspX formulas (native and two recombinant variants) were used as vaccines in the guinea pig model of tuberculosis; none were protective during challenge with WT Mtb. However, recombinant HspX was protective in animals challenged with a strain of Mtb lacking hspX (X4-19), indicating protection was driven by molecules co-purifying with HspX or an adjuvant effect of recombinant HspX in this system. Mtb X4-19 was significantly less virulent than WT Mtb. Quantitative PCR and whole genome sequencing identified several genes (Rv2030c-Rv2032, Rv1062, Rv1771, Rv1907, and Rv3479) with altered expression that may contribute to loss of virulence. Physiological differences required for the establishment of Mtb infection in different hosts may affect the potential of subunit vaccines to elicit protection, supporting the need for rigorous biochemical and modeling analyses when developing tuberculosis vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agatha E Wieczorek
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
ESAT-6 (EsxA) and TB10.4 (EsxH) based vaccines for pre- and post-exposure tuberculosis vaccination. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80579. [PMID: 24349004 PMCID: PMC3861245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ESX systems from Mycobacterium tuberculosis are responsible for the secretion of highly immunogenic proteins of key importance for bacterial survival and growth. The two prototypic proteins, ESAT-6 (EsxA from ESX-1) and TB10.4 (EsxH from ESX-3) share a lot of characteristics regarding genome organization, size, antigenic properties, and vaccine potential but the two molecules clearly have very different roles in bacterial physiology. To further investigate the role of ESAT-6 and TB10.4 as preventive and post-exposure tuberculosis vaccines, we evaluated four different fusion-protein vaccines; H1, H4, H56 and H28, that differ only in these two components. We found that all of these vaccines give rise to protection in a conventional prophylactic vaccination model. In contrast, only the ESAT-6-containing vaccines resulted in significant protection against reactivation, when administered post-exposure. This difference in post-exposure activity did not correlate with a difference in gene expression during infection or a differential magnitude or quality of the vaccine-specific CD4 T cells induced by ESAT-6 versus TB10.4-containing vaccines. The post-exposure effect of the ESAT-6 based vaccines was found to be influenced by the infectious load at the time-point of vaccination and was abolished in chronically infected animals with high bacterial loads at the onset of vaccination. Our data demonstrate that there are specific requirements for the immune system to target an already established tuberculosis infection and that ESAT-6 has a unique potential in post-exposure vaccination strategies.
Collapse
|
33
|
Legesse M, Ameni G, Medhin G, Mamo G, Franken KLMC, Ottenhoff THM, Bjune G, Abebe F. IgA response to ESAT-6/CFP-10 and Rv2031 antigens varies in patients with culture-confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis, healthy Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected and non-infected individuals in a tuberculosis endemic setting, Ethiopia. Scand J Immunol 2013; 78:266-74. [PMID: 23713613 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Little attention has been given to the role of antibodies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. We have compared the levels of IgA and IgG against ESAT-6/CFP-10 and Rv2031c antigens in sera of patients with culture-confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), healthy Mtb-infected and non-infected individuals in endemic TB settings. Venous blood samples were collected from 166 study participants; sera were separated and assayed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFTGIT) assay was used for the screening of latent TB infection. The mean optical density (OD) values of IgA against ESAT-6/CFP-10 and Rv2031 were significantly higher in sera of patients with culture-confirmed PTB compared with healthy Mtb-infected and non-infected individuals (P < 0.001). The mean OD values of IgG against ESAT-6/CFP-10 and Rv2031 were also significantly higher in sera of patients with culture-confirmed PTB compared with healthy Mtb-infected and non-infected individuals (P < 0.05). The mean OD values of IgA against both antigens were also higher in sera of healthy Mtb-infected cases compared with non-infected individuals. There were positive correlations (P < 0.05) between the level of IFN-γ induced in QFTGIT assay and the OD values of serum IgA against both antigens in healthy Mtb-infected subjects. This study shows the potential of IgA response against ESAT-6/CFP-10 and Rv2031 antigens in discriminating clinical TB from healthy Mtb-infected and non-infected cases. Nevertheless, further well-designed cohort study is needed to fully realize the full potential of this diagnostic marker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Legesse
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Community Medicine, Institute for Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Junqueira-Kipnis AP, de Oliveira FM, Trentini MM, Tiwari S, Chen B, Resende DP, Silva BDS, Chen M, Tesfa L, Jacobs WR, Kipnis A. Prime-boost with Mycobacterium smegmatis recombinant vaccine improves protection in mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78639. [PMID: 24250805 PMCID: PMC3826754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a new vaccine as a substitute for Bacillus Calmette-Guerin or to improve its efficacy is one of the many World Health Organization goals to control tuberculosis. Mycobacterial vectors have been used successfully in the development of vaccines against tuberculosis. To enhance the potential utility of Mycobacterium smegmatis as a vaccine, it was transformed with a recombinant plasmid containing the partial sequences of the genes Ag85c, MPT51, and HspX (CMX) from M. tuberculosis. The newly generated recombinant strain mc(2)-CMX was tested in a murine model of infection. The recombinant vaccine induced specific IgG1 or IgG2a responses to CMX. CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells from the lungs and spleen responded ex vivo to CMX, producing IFN-γ, IL17, TNF-α, and IL2. The vaccine thus induced a significant immune response in mice. Mice vaccinated with mc(2)-CMX and challenged with M. tuberculosis showed better protection than mice immunized with wild-type M. smegmatis or BCG. To increase the safety and immunogenicity of the CMX antigens, we used a recombinant strain of M. smegmatis, IKE (immune killing evasion), to express CMX. The recombinant vaccine IKE-CMX induced a better protective response than mc(2)-CMX. The data presented here suggest that the expression of CMX antigens improves the immune response and the protection induced in mice when M. smegmatis is used as vaccine against tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Junqueira-Kipnis
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública. Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Fábio Muniz de Oliveira
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública. Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Monalisa Martins Trentini
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública. Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Sangeeta Tiwari
- Microbiology and Immunology, Molecular Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Bing Chen
- Microbiology and Immunology, Molecular Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Danilo Pires Resende
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública. Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Bruna D. S. Silva
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública. Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Mei Chen
- Microbiology and Immunology, Molecular Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lydia Tesfa
- Microbiology and Immunology, Molecular Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - William R. Jacobs
- Microbiology and Immunology, Molecular Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - André Kipnis
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública. Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Marongiu L, Donini M, Toffali L, Zenaro E, Dusi S. ESAT-6 and HspX improve the effectiveness of BCG to induce human dendritic cells-dependent Th1 and NK cells activation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75684. [PMID: 24130733 PMCID: PMC3794045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The limited efficacy of the BCG vaccine against tuberculosis is partly due to the missing expression of immunogenic proteins. We analyzed whether the addition to BCG of ESAT-6 and HspX, two Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) antigens, could enhance its capacity to activate human dendritic cells (DCs). BCG showed a weak ability to induce DC maturation, cytokine release, and CD4(+) lymphocytes and NK cells activation. The addition of ESAT-6 or HspX alone to BCG-stimulated DC did not improve these processes, whereas their simultaneous addition enhanced BCG-dependent DC maturation and cytokine release, as well as the ability of BCG-treated DCs to stimulate IFN-γ release and CD69 expression by CD4(+) lymphocytes and NK cells. Addition of TLR2-blocking antibody decreased IL-12 release by BCG-stimulated DCs incubated with ESAT-6 and HspX, as well as IFN-γ secretion by CD4(+) lymphocytes co-cultured with these cells. Moreover, HspX and ESAT-6 improved the capacity of BCG-treated DCs to induce the expression of memory phenotype marker CD45RO in naïve CD4(+) T cells. Our results indicate that ESAT-6 and HspX cooperation enables BCG-treated human DCs to induce T lymphocyte and NK cell-mediated immune responses through TLR2-dependent IL-12 secretion. Therefore ESAT-6 and HspX represent good candidates for improving the effectiveness of BCG vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marongiu
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marta Donini
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Lara Toffali
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Zenaro
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Dusi
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Dunlap WC, Starcevic A, Baranasic D, Diminic J, Zucko J, Gacesa R, van Oppen MJH, Hranueli D, Cullum J, Long PF. KEGG orthology-based annotation of the predicted proteome of Acropora digitifera: ZoophyteBase - an open access and searchable database of a coral genome. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:509. [PMID: 23889801 PMCID: PMC3750612 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contemporary coral reef research has firmly established that a genomic approach is urgently needed to better understand the effects of anthropogenic environmental stress and global climate change on coral holobiont interactions. Here we present KEGG orthology-based annotation of the complete genome sequence of the scleractinian coral Acropora digitifera and provide the first comprehensive view of the genome of a reef-building coral by applying advanced bioinformatics. DESCRIPTION Sequences from the KEGG database of protein function were used to construct hidden Markov models. These models were used to search the predicted proteome of A. digitifera to establish complete genomic annotation. The annotated dataset is published in ZoophyteBase, an open access format with different options for searching the data. A particularly useful feature is the ability to use a Google-like search engine that links query words to protein attributes. We present features of the annotation that underpin the molecular structure of key processes of coral physiology that include (1) regulatory proteins of symbiosis, (2) planula and early developmental proteins, (3) neural messengers, receptors and sensory proteins, (4) calcification and Ca2+-signalling proteins, (5) plant-derived proteins, (6) proteins of nitrogen metabolism, (7) DNA repair proteins, (8) stress response proteins, (9) antioxidant and redox-protective proteins, (10) proteins of cellular apoptosis, (11) microbial symbioses and pathogenicity proteins, (12) proteins of viral pathogenicity, (13) toxins and venom, (14) proteins of the chemical defensome and (15) coral epigenetics. CONCLUSIONS We advocate that providing annotation in an open-access searchable database available to the public domain will give an unprecedented foundation to interrogate the fundamental molecular structure and interactions of coral symbiosis and allow critical questions to be addressed at the genomic level based on combined aspects of evolutionary, developmental, metabolic, and environmental perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter C Dunlap
- Centre for Marine Microbiology and Genetics, Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3 Townsville MC, Townsville 4810, Queensland, Australia
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Starcevic
- Section for Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Damir Baranasic
- Section for Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Janko Diminic
- Section for Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jurica Zucko
- Section for Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ranko Gacesa
- Section for Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Madeleine JH van Oppen
- Centre for Marine Microbiology and Genetics, Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3 Townsville MC, Townsville 4810, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daslav Hranueli
- Section for Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - John Cullum
- Department of Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Postfach 3049, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Paul F Long
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Colaco CA, Bailey CR, Walker KB, Keeble J. Heat shock proteins: stimulators of innate and acquired immunity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:461230. [PMID: 23762847 PMCID: PMC3677648 DOI: 10.1155/2013/461230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Adjuvants were reintroduced into modern immunology as the dirty little secret of immunologists by Janeway and thus began the molecular definition of innate immunity. It is now clear that the binding of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on antigen presenting cells (APCs) activates the innate immune response and provides the host with a rapid mechanism for detecting infection by pathogens and initiates adaptive immunity. Ironically, in addition to advancing the basic science of immunology, Janeway's revelation on induction of the adaptive system has also spurred an era of rational vaccine design that exploits PRRs. Thus, defined PAMPs that bind to known PRRs are being specifically coupled to antigens to improve their immunogenicity. However, while PAMPs efficiently activate the innate immune response, they do not mediate the capture of antigen that is required to elicit the specific responses of the acquired immune system. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones that are found complexed to client polypeptides and have been studied as potential cancer vaccines. In addition to binding PRRs and activating the innate immune response, HSPs have been shown to both induce the maturation of APCs and provide chaperoned polypeptides for specific triggering of the acquired immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilo A. Colaco
- ImmunoBiology Limited, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | | | | | - James Keeble
- NIBSC, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK
| |
Collapse
|