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Filiberti A, Gmyrek GB, Berube AN, Carr DJJ. Osteopontin contributes to virus resistance associated with type I IFN expression, activation of downstream ifn-inducible effector genes, and CCR2 +CD115 +CD206 + macrophage infiltration following ocular HSV-1 infection of mice. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1028341. [PMID: 36685562 PMCID: PMC9846535 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1028341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular pathology is often associated with acute herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 infection of the cornea in mice. The present study was undertaken to determine the role of early T lymphocyte activation 1 protein or osteopontin (OPN) in corneal inflammation and host resistance to ocular HSV-1 infection. C57BL/6 wild type (WT) and osteopontin deficient (OPN KO) mice infected in the cornea with HSV-1 were evaluated for susceptibility to infection and cornea pathology. OPN KO mice were found to possess significantly more infectious virus in the cornea at day 3 and day 7 post infection compared to infected WT mice. Coupled with these findings, HSV-1-infected OPN KO mouse corneas were found to express less interferon (IFN)-α1, double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase, and RNase L compared to infected WT animals early post infection that likely contributed to decreased resistance. Notably, OPN KO mice displayed significantly less corneal opacity and neovascularization compared to WT mice that paralleled a decrease in expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) A within 12 hr post infection. The change in corneal pathology of the OPN KO mice aligned with a decrease in total leukocyte infiltration into the cornea and specifically, in neutrophils at day 3 post infection and in macrophage subpopulations including CCR2+CD115+CD206+ and CD115+CD183+CD206+ -expressing cells. The infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells into the cornea was unaltered comparing infected WT to OPN KO mice. Likewise, there was no difference in the total number of HSV-1-specific CD4+ or CD8+ T cells found in the draining lymph node with both sets functionally competent in response to virus antigen comparing WT to OPN KO mice. Collectively, these results demonstrate OPN deficiency directly influences the host innate immune response to ocular HSV-1 infection reducing some aspects of inflammation but at a cost with an increase in local HSV-1 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Filiberti
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Grzegorz B. Gmyrek
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Amanda N. Berube
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Daniel J. J. Carr
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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Ghorab D, Helaly A, Badawi AE. Dual Pathogenesis of Primary and Recurrent Pterygium: Immunohistochemical Proof. Open Ophthalmol J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874364102115010229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction:
Pterygium is a common ophthalmic problem in the Middle East where exposures to dust and sun rays are risk factors. The condition is more prevalent in middle-aged males and can be considered as an aging process. The aim of this study is to test both the degenerative and the proliferative components of Pterygium by both reduced glutathione and topoisomerase one activity.
Methods:
The study applied immunohistochemistry staining for both reduced glutathione and topoisomerase 1.
Results:
The samples expressed positive glutathione staining in most primary Pterygium conditions and all secondary Pterygium. On the other hand, the topoisomerase 1 immunohistochemistry expressed focal activity in secondary conditions suggesting a progenitor cell role in the pathogenesis of Pterygium in conjunction with oxidative stress.
Conclusion:
Pterygium represents dual pathology with a proliferative component and a degenerative one that needs further studies. It is possible to use combination immunohistochemistry markers to predict the prognosis of Pterygium behavior.
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Carr DJJ, Berube AN, Filiberti A, Gmyrek GB. Lack of neonatal Fc receptor does not diminish the efficacy of the HSV-1 0ΔNLS vaccine against ocular HSV-1 challenge. Vaccine 2021; 39:2526-2536. [PMID: 33814229 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is constitutively expressed in the cornea and is up-regulated in response to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Previously, we found targeting cornea FcRn expression by small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown reduced the local efficacy of HSV-1 0ΔNLS vaccinated C57BL/6 mice against ocular challenge with HSV-1. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the HSV-1 0ΔNLS vaccine efficacy in FcRn deficient (FcRn KO) mice challenged with HSV-1. Whereas there was little neutralizing antibody detected in the serum of HSV-1 0ΔNLS vaccinated FcRn KO mice, these mice exhibited the same degree of protection against ocular challenge with HSV-1 as wild type (WT) C57BL/6 mice as measured by cumulative survival, infectious virus shed or retained in tissue, and corneal pathology including opacity and neovascularization. Mock-vaccinated FcRn KO mice were found to be more sensitive to ocular HSV-1 infection compared to mock-vaccinated (WT) mice in terms of cumulative survival and virus shedding. In addition, the FcRn KO mice generated significantly fewer effector (CD3+CD44+CD62L-) and central (CD3+CD44+CD62L+) memory CD8+ T cells compared to the WT mice 7 days post infection. Collectively, mock-vaccinated FcRn KO mice are susceptible to ocular HSV-1 infection but HSV-1 0ΔNLS vaccinated FcRn KO mice are resistant suggesting that in addition to the FcRn, other pathways are involved in mediating the protective effect of the HSV-1 0ΔNLS vaccine against subsequent HSV-1 challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J J Carr
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Amanda N Berube
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Adrian Filiberti
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Grzegorz B Gmyrek
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Filiberti A, Gmyrek GB, Montgomery ML, Sallack R, Carr DJJ. Loss of Osteopontin Expression Reduces HSV-1-Induced Corneal Opacity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:24. [PMID: 32785676 PMCID: PMC7441335 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.10.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Corneal opacity and neovascularization (NV) are often described as outcomes of severe herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection. The current study investigated the role of colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R)+ cells and soluble factors in the progression of HSV-1-induced corneal NV and opacity. Methods MaFIA mice were infected with 500 plaque-forming units of HSV-1 in the cornea following scarification. From day 10 to day 13 post-infection (pi), mice were treated with 40 µg/day of AP20187 (macrophage ablation) or vehicle intraperitoneally. For osteopontin (OPN) neutralization experiments, C57BL/6 mice were infected as above and treated with 2 µg of goat anti-mouse OPN or isotypic control IgG subconjunctivally every 2 days from day 4 to day 12 pi. Mice were euthanized on day 14 pi, and tissue was processed for immunohistochemistry to quantify NV and opacity by confocal microscopy and absorbance or detection of pro- and anti-angiogenic and inflammatory factors and cells by suspension array analysis and flow cytometry, respectively. Results In the absence of CSF1R+ cells, HSV-1-induced blood and lymphatic vessel growth was muted. These results correlated with a loss in fibroblast growth factor type 2 (FGF-2) and an increase in OPN expression in the infected cornea. However, a reduction in OPN expression in mice did not alter corneal NV but significantly reduced opacity. Conclusions Our data suggest that CSF1R+ cell depletion results in a significant reduction in HSV-1-induced corneal NV that correlates with the loss of FGF-2 expression. A reduction in OPN expression was aligned with a significant drop in opacity associated with reduced corneal collagen disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Filiberti
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Grzegorz B Gmyrek
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Micaela L Montgomery
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Renee Sallack
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Daniel J J Carr
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
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Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Replication, Ocular Disease, and Reactivations from Latency Are Restricted Unilaterally after Inoculation of Virus into the Lip. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01586-19. [PMID: 31554680 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01586-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) is a consequence of viral reactivations from trigeminal ganglia (TG) and occurs almost exclusively in the same eye in humans. In our murine oro-ocular (OO) model, herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) inoculation in one side of the lip propagates virus to infect the ipsilateral TG. Replication here allows infection of the brainstem and infection of the contralateral TG. Interestingly, HSK was observed in our OO model only from the eye ipsilateral to the site of lip infection. Thus, unilateral restriction of HSV-1 may be due to differential kinetics of virus arrival in the ipsilateral versus contralateral TG. We inoculated mice with HSV-1 reporter viruses and then superinfected them to monitor changes in acute- and latent-phase gene expression in TG after superinfection compared to the control (single inoculation). Delaying superinfection by 4 days after initial right lip inoculation elicited failed superinfecting-virus gene expression and eliminated clinical signs of disease. Initial inoculation with thymidine kinase-deficient HSV-1 (TKdel) completely abolished reactivation of wild-type (WT) superinfecting virus from TG during the latent stage. In light of these seemingly failed infections, viral genome was detected in both TG. Our data demonstrate that inoculation of HSV-1 in the lip propagates virus to both TG, but with delay in reaching the TG contralateral to the side of lip infection. This delay is responsible for restricting viral replication to the ipsilateral TG, which abrogates ocular disease and viral reactivations from the contralateral side. These observations may help to understand why HSK is observed unilaterally in humans, and they provide insight into vaccine strategies to protect against HSK.IMPORTANCE Herpetic keratitis (HK) is the leading cause of blindness by an infectious agent in the developed world. This disease can occur after reactivation of herpes simplex virus 1 in the trigeminal ganglia, leading to dissemination of virus to, and infection of, the cornea. A clinical paradox is evidenced by the bilateral presence of latent viral genomes in both trigeminal ganglia, while for any given patient the disease is unilateral with recurrences in a single eye. Our study links the kinetics of early infection to unilateral disease phenomenon and demonstrates protection against viral reactivation when kinetics are exploited. Our results have direct implications in the understanding of human disease pathogenesis and immunotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of HK and viral reactivations.
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Mukwaya A, Mirabelli P, Lennikov A, Thangavelu M, Jensen L, Peebo B, Lagali N. Repeat Corneal Neovascularization is Characterized by More Aggressive Inflammation and Vessel Invasion Than in the Initial Phase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 60:2990-3001. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-27591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Mukwaya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Pierfrancesco Mirabelli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anton Lennikov
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, Linköping, Sweden
- University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Muthukumar Thangavelu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Deptartment of BIN Convergence Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Lasse Jensen
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Beatrice Peebo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Neil Lagali
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital Arendal, Arendal, Norway
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7
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Mancini M, Vidal SM. Insights into the pathogenesis of herpes simplex encephalitis from mouse models. Mamm Genome 2018; 29:425-445. [PMID: 30167845 PMCID: PMC6132704 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-018-9772-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A majority of the world population is infected with herpes simplex viruses (HSV; human herpesvirus types 1 and 2). These viruses, perhaps best known for their manifestation in the genital or oral mucosa, can also cause herpes simplex encephalitis, a severe and often fatal disease of the central nervous system. Antiviral therapies for HSV are only partially effective since the virus can establish latent infections in neurons, and severe pathological sequelae in the brain are common. A better understanding of disease pathogenesis is required to develop new strategies against herpes simplex encephalitis, including the precise viral and host genetic determinants that promote virus invasion into the central nervous system and its associated immunopathology. Here we review the current understanding of herpes simplex encephalitis from the host genome perspective, which has been illuminated by groundbreaking work on rare herpes simplex encephalitis patients together with mechanistic insight from single-gene mouse models of disease. A complex picture has emerged, whereby innate type I interferon-mediated antiviral signaling is a central pathway to control viral replication, and the regulation of immunopathology and the balance between apoptosis and autophagy are critical to disease severity in the central nervous system. The lessons learned from mouse studies inform us on fundamental defense mechanisms at the interface of host–pathogen interactions within the central nervous system, as well as possible rationales for intervention against infections from severe neuropathogenic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Mancini
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McGill Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Silvia M Vidal
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,McGill Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada.
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8
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Royer DJ, Elliott MH, Le YZ, Carr DJJ. Corneal Epithelial Cells Exhibit Myeloid Characteristics and Present Antigen via MHC Class II. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59:1512-1522. [PMID: 29625473 PMCID: PMC5861930 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-23279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the impact of ocular surface insults on the immunomodulatory capacity and phenotype of corneal epithelial cells (CECs) with a focus on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Methods Corneas were harvested from mice 6 days following scratch injury, ragweed pollen-induced allergy, or herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection and compared to healthy tissue controls. Corneas were enzymatically digested and CECs phenotypically characterized using flow cytometry. CECs were defined as epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)-positive CD45-negative cells. CECs were assessed by PCR to evaluate EMT-associated transcripts. Recombinant HSV-1 and transgenic mice were utilized to investigate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) on the phenotype observed. The immunomodulatory potential of CECs was assessed in coculture assays with ovalbumin-specific CD4 T cells. Results Ectopic expression of classic "myeloid" antigens Ly6G, CCR2, and CX3CR1 was identified in CEC subsets from all groups with evidence supporting an underlying partial EMT event resulting from loss of cell-cell contacts. Corneal HSV-1 infection induced Ly6C expression and major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-II upregulation in CECs through a VEGFA-linked mechanism. These Ly6C+ MHC-II+ CECs were found to function as amateur antigen-presenting cells and induced CD4 T cell proliferation in vitro. Conclusions This study characterizes a novel immunomodulatory CEC phenotype with possible implications for immune privilege, chronic inflammation, and tissue fibrosis. Moreover, the identification of CECs masquerading with multiple "myeloid" antigens warrants careful evaluation of flow cytometry data involving corneal digests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Royer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Michael H Elliott
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States.,Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Yun Z Le
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States.,Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Daniel J J Carr
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
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Loo CP, Nelson NA, Lane RS, Booth JL, Loprinzi Hardin SC, Thomas A, Slifka MK, Nolz JC, Lund AW. Lymphatic Vessels Balance Viral Dissemination and Immune Activation following Cutaneous Viral Infection. Cell Rep 2018; 20:3176-3187. [PMID: 28954233 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels lie at the interface between peripheral sites of pathogen entry, adaptive immunity, and the systemic host. Though the paradigm is that their open structure allows for passive flow of infectious particles from peripheral tissues to lymphoid organs, virus applied to skin by scarification does not spread to draining lymph nodes. Using cutaneous infection by scarification, we analyzed the effect of viral infection on lymphatic transport and evaluated its role at the host-pathogen interface. We found that, in the absence of lymphatic vessels, canonical lymph-node-dependent immune induction was impaired, resulting in exacerbated pathology and compensatory, systemic priming. Furthermore, lymphatic vessels decouple fluid and cellular transport in an interferon-dependent manner, leading to viral sequestration while maintaining dendritic cell transport for immune induction. In conclusion, we found that lymphatic vessels balance immune activation and viral dissemination and act as an "innate-like" component of tissue host viral defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Loo
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Nicholas A Nelson
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ryan S Lane
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jamie L Booth
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sofia C Loprinzi Hardin
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Archana Thomas
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Mark K Slifka
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Nolz
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Amanda W Lund
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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10
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Yamakawa M, Doh SJ, Santosa SM, Montana M, Qin EC, Kong H, Han KY, Yu C, Rosenblatt MI, Kazlauskas A, Chang JH, Azar DT. Potential lymphangiogenesis therapies: Learning from current antiangiogenesis therapies-A review. Med Res Rev 2018. [PMID: 29528507 DOI: 10.1002/med.21496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, lymphangiogenesis, the process of lymphatic vessel formation from existing lymph vessels, has been demonstrated to have a significant role in diverse pathologies, including cancer metastasis, organ graft rejection, and lymphedema. Our understanding of the mechanisms of lymphangiogenesis has advanced on the heels of studies demonstrating vascular endothelial growth factor C as a central pro-lymphangiogenic regulator and others identifying multiple lymphatic endothelial biomarkers. Despite these breakthroughs and a growing appreciation of the signaling events that govern the lymphangiogenic process, there are no FDA-approved drugs that target lymphangiogenesis. In this review, we reflect on the lessons available from the development of antiangiogenic therapies (26 FDA-approved drugs to date), review current lymphangiogenesis research including nanotechnology in therapeutic drug delivery and imaging, and discuss molecules in the lymphangiogenic pathway that are promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Yamakawa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Susan J Doh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Samuel M Santosa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Mario Montana
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Ellen C Qin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Kyu-Yeon Han
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Charles Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Mark I Rosenblatt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Andrius Kazlauskas
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jin-Hong Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Dimitri T Azar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
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11
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Sessa R, Chen L. Lymphangiogenesis: a new player in herpes simplex virus 1-triggered T-cell response. Immunol Cell Biol 2017; 95:5-6. [PMID: 28044065 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2016.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Sessa
- Vision Science Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Center for Eye Disease and Development, Program in Vision Science and School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lu Chen
- Vision Science Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Center for Eye Disease and Development, Program in Vision Science and School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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