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Li R, Galindo CC, Davidson D, Guo H, Zhong MC, Qian J, Li B, Ruzsics Z, Lau CM, O'Sullivan TE, Vidal SM, Sun JC, Veillette A. Suppression of adaptive NK cell expansion by macrophage-mediated phagocytosis inhibited by 2B4-CD48. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113800. [PMID: 38386559 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Infection of mice by mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) triggers activation and expansion of Ly49H+ natural killer (NK) cells, which are virus specific and considered to be "adaptive" or "memory" NK cells. Here, we find that signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family receptors (SFRs), a group of hematopoietic cell-restricted receptors, are essential for the expansion of Ly49H+ NK cells after MCMV infection. This activity is largely mediated by CD48, an SFR broadly expressed on NK cells and displaying augmented expression after MCMV infection. It is also dependent on the CD48 counter-receptor, 2B4, expressed on host macrophages. The 2B4-CD48 axis promotes expansion of Ly49H+ NK cells by repressing their phagocytosis by virus-activated macrophages through inhibition of the pro-phagocytic integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) on macrophages. These data identify key roles of macrophages and the 2B4-CD48 pathway in controlling the expansion of adaptive NK cells following MCMV infection. Stimulation of the 2B4-CD48 axis may be helpful in enhancing adaptive NK cell responses for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Cristian Camilo Galindo
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Dominique Davidson
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Huaijian Guo
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ming-Chao Zhong
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Jin Qian
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Bin Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Molecular Biology Program, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Zsolt Ruzsics
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Colleen M Lau
- Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Timothy E O'Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Silvia M Vidal
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - André Veillette
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; Molecular Biology Program, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
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2
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Rufyikiri AS, Martinez R, Addo PW, Wu BS, Yousefi M, Malo D, Orsat V, Vidal SM, Fritz JH, MacPherson S, Lefsrud M. Germicidal efficacy of continuous and pulsed ultraviolet-C radiation on pathogen models and SARS-CoV-2. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:339-354. [PMID: 38308169 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00521-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation's germicidal efficacy depends on several parameters, including wavelength, radiant exposure, microbial physiology, biological matrices, and surfaces. In this work, several ultraviolet radiation sources (a low-pressure mercury lamp, a KrCl excimer, and four UV LEDs) emitting continuous or pulsed irradiation were compared. The greatest log reductions in E. coli cells and B. subtilis endospores were 4.1 ± 0.2 (18 mJ cm-2) and 4.5 ± 0.1 (42 mJ cm-2) with continuous 222 nm, respectively. The highest MS2 log reduction observed was 2.7 ± 0.1 (277 nm at 3809 mJ cm-2). Log reductions of SARS-CoV-2 with continuous 222 nm and 277 nm were ≥ 3.4 ± 0.7, with 13.3 mJ cm-2 and 60 mJ cm-2, respectively. There was no statistical difference between continuous and pulsed irradiation (0.83-16.7% [222 nm and 277 nm] or 0.83-20% [280 nm] duty rates) on E. coli inactivation. Pulsed 260 nm radiation (0.5% duty rate) at 260 nm yielded significantly greater log reduction for both bacteria than continuous 260 nm radiation. There was no statistical difference in SARS-CoV-2 inactivation between continuous and pulsed 222 nm UV-C radiation and pulsed 277 nm radiation demonstrated greater germicidal efficacy than continuous 277 nm radiation. Greater radiant exposure for all radiation sources was required to inactivate MS2 bacteriophage. Findings demonstrate that pulsed irradiation could be more useful than continuous UV radiation in human-occupied spaces, but threshold limit values should be respected. Pathogen-specific sensitivities, experimental setup, and quantification methods for determining germicidal efficacy remain important factors when optimizing ultraviolet radiation for surface decontamination or other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sophie Rufyikiri
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Rebecca Martinez
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Philip W Addo
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Bo-Sen Wu
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Mitra Yousefi
- Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine and McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Danielle Malo
- Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine and McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Valérie Orsat
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Silvia M Vidal
- Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine and McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, 3775 Rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jörg H Fritz
- Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine and McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, 3775 Rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Sarah MacPherson
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Mark Lefsrud
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
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3
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Kim JEJ, Tung LT, Jiang RR, Yousefi M, Liang Y, Malo D, Vidal SM, Nijnik A. Dysregulation of B lymphocyte development in the SKG mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis. Immunology 2023; 170:553-566. [PMID: 37688495 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic and systemic inflammatory disease that affects approximately 1% of the world's population and is characterised by joint inflammation, the destruction of articular cartilage and bone, and many potentially life-threatening extraarticular manifestations. B lymphocytes play a central role in the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis as the precursors of autoantibody secreting plasma cells, as highly potent antigen-presenting cells, and as a source of various inflammatory cytokines, however, the effects of rheumatoid arthritis on B lymphocyte development remain poorly understood. Here, we analyse B lymphocyte development in murine models of rheumatoid arthritis, quantifying all the subsets of B cell precursors in the bone marrow and splenic B cells using flow cytometry. We demonstrate a severe reduction in pre-B cells and immature B cells in the bone marrow of mice with active disease, despite no major effects on the mature naïve B cell numbers. The loss of B cell precursors in the bone marrow of the affected mice was associated with a highly significant reduction in the proportion of Ki67+ cells, indicating impaired cell proliferation, while the viability of the B cell precursors was not significantly affected. We also observed some mobilisation of the B cell precursor cells into the mouse spleen, demonstrated with flow cytometry and pre-B colony forming units assays. In summary, the current work demonstrates a severe dysregulation in B lymphocyte development in murine rheumatoid arthritis, with possible implications for B cell repertoire formation, tolerance induction, and disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Eun June Kim
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lin Tze Tung
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roselyn R Jiang
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mitra Yousefi
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yue Liang
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Danielle Malo
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Silvia M Vidal
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anastasia Nijnik
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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4
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AbdElFatah T, Jalali M, Yedire SG, I Hosseini I, Del Real Mata C, Khan H, Hamidi SV, Jeanne O, Siavash Moakhar R, McLean M, Patel D, Wang Z, McKay G, Yousefi M, Nguyen D, Vidal SM, Liang C, Mahshid S. Nanoplasmonic amplification in microfluidics enables accelerated colorimetric quantification of nucleic acid biomarkers from pathogens. Nat Nanotechnol 2023; 18:922-932. [PMID: 37264088 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01384-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Deployment of nucleic acid amplification assays for diagnosing pathogens in point-of-care settings is a challenge due to lengthy preparatory steps. We present a molecular diagnostic platform that integrates a fabless plasmonic nano-surface into an autonomous microfluidic cartridge. The plasmonic 'hot' electron injection in confined space yields a ninefold kinetic acceleration of RNA/DNA amplification at single nucleotide resolution by one-step isothermal loop-mediated and rolling circle amplification reactions. Sequential flow actuation with nanoplasmonic accelerated microfluidic colorimetry and in conjugation with machine learning-assisted analysis (using our 'QolorEX' device) offers an automated diagnostic platform for multiplexed amplification. The versatility of QolorEX is demonstrated by detecting respiratory viruses: SARS-CoV-2 and its variants at the single nucleotide polymorphism level, H1N1 influenza A, and bacteria. For COVID-19 saliva samples, with an accuracy of 95% on par with quantitative polymerase chain reaction and a sample-to-answer time of 13 minutes, QolorEX is expected to advance the monitoring and rapid diagnosis of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer AbdElFatah
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mahsa Jalali
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Imman I Hosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Haleema Khan
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Seyed Vahid Hamidi
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olivia Jeanne
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Myles McLean
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and McGill Centre for Viral Diseases, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dhanesh Patel
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and McGill Centre for Viral Diseases, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geoffrey McKay
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mitra Yousefi
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dao Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Silvia M Vidal
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and McGill Centre for Viral Diseases, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sara Mahshid
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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5
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Markarian NM, Galli G, Patel D, Hemmings M, Nagpal P, Berghuis AM, Abrahamyan L, Vidal SM. Identifying Markers of Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Patients With Secondary Immunodeficiency. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:933983. [PMID: 35847101 PMCID: PMC9283111 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.933983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the end of 2019, the world has been challenged by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. With COVID-19 cases rising globally, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to evolve, resulting in the emergence of variants of interest (VOI) and of concern (VOC). Of the hundreds of millions infected, immunodeficient patients are one of the vulnerable cohorts that are most susceptible to this virus. These individuals include those with preexisting health conditions and/or those undergoing immunosuppressive treatment (secondary immunodeficiency). In these cases, several researchers have reported chronic infections in the presence of anti-COVID-19 treatments that may potentially lead to the evolution of the virus within the host. Such variations occurred in a variety of viral proteins, including key structural ones involved in pathogenesis such as spike proteins. Tracking and comparing such mutations with those arisen in the general population may provide information about functional sites within the SARS-CoV-2 genome. In this study, we reviewed the current literature regarding the specific features of SARS-CoV-2 evolution in immunocompromised patients and identified recurrent de novo amino acid changes in virus isolates of these patients that can potentially play an important role in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan M. Markarian
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center and Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Gaël Galli
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, FHU ACRONIM, Centre National de Référence des Maladies Auto-Immunes et Systémiques Rares Est/Sud-Ouest, Bordeaux, France
| | - Dhanesh Patel
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark Hemmings
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Priya Nagpal
- Department of Pharmacology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Levon Abrahamyan
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center and Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Silvia M. Vidal
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Mindt BC, Krisna SS, Duerr CU, Mancini M, Richer L, Vidal SM, Gerondakis S, Langlais D, Fritz JH. The NF-κB Transcription Factor c-Rel Modulates Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Effector Functions and Drives Allergic Airway Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:664218. [PMID: 34867937 PMCID: PMC8635195 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.664218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play a key role in the initiation and orchestration of early type 2 immune responses. Upon tissue damage, ILC2s are activated by alarmins such as IL-33 and rapidly secrete large amounts of type 2 signature cytokines. ILC2 activation is governed by a network of transcriptional regulators including nuclear factor (NF)-κB family transcription factors. While it is known that activating IL-33 receptor signaling results in downstream NF-κB activation, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we found that the NF-κB subunit c-Rel is required to mount effective innate pulmonary type 2 immune responses. IL-33-mediated activation of ILC2s in vitro as well as in vivo was found to induce c-Rel mRNA and protein expression. In addition, we demonstrate that IL-33-mediated activation of ILC2s leads to nuclear translocation of c-Rel in pulmonary ILC2s. Although c-Rel was found to be a critical mediator of innate pulmonary type 2 immune responses, ILC2-intrinsic deficiency of c-Rel did not have an impact on the developmental capacity of ILC2s nor affected homeostatic numbers of lung-resident ILC2s at steady state. Moreover, we demonstrate that ILC2-intrinsic deficiency of c-Rel alters the capacity of ILC2s to upregulate the expression of ICOSL and OX40L, key stimulatory receptors, and the expression of type 2 signature cytokines IL-5, IL-9, IL-13, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Collectively, our data using Rel−/− mice suggest that c-Rel promotes acute ILC2-driven allergic airway inflammation and suggest that c-Rel may contribute to the pathophysiology of ILC2-mediated allergic airway disease. It thereby represents a promising target for the treatment of allergic asthma, and evaluating the effect of established c-Rel inhibitors in this context would be of great clinical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara C. Mindt
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits (MRCCT), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sai Sakktee Krisna
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits (MRCCT), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Claudia U. Duerr
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathieu Mancini
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits (MRCCT), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Lara Richer
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Silvia M. Vidal
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits (MRCCT), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Steven Gerondakis
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - David Langlais
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits (MRCCT), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Genome Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jörg H. Fritz
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits (MRCCT), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- FOCiS Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology (CETI), Montréal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Jörg H. Fritz,
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7
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Xu G, van Bruggen R, Gualtieri CO, Moradin N, Fois A, Vallerand D, De Sa Tavares Russo M, Bassenden A, Lu W, Tam M, Lesage S, Girouard H, Avizonis DZ, Deblois G, Prchal JT, Stevenson M, Berghuis A, Muir T, Rabinowitz J, Vidal SM, Fodil N, Gros P. Bisphosphoglycerate Mutase Deficiency Protects against Cerebral Malaria and Severe Malaria-Induced Anemia. Cell Rep 2020; 32:108170. [PMID: 32966787 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The replication cycle and pathogenesis of the Plasmodium malarial parasite involves rapid expansion in red blood cells (RBCs), and variants of certain RBC-specific proteins protect against malaria in humans. In RBCs, bisphosphoglycerate mutase (BPGM) acts as a key allosteric regulator of hemoglobin/oxyhemoglobin. We demonstrate here that a loss-of-function mutation in the murine Bpgm (BpgmL166P) gene confers protection against both Plasmodium-induced cerebral malaria and blood-stage malaria. The malaria protection seen in BpgmL166P mutant mice is associated with reduced blood parasitemia levels, milder clinical symptoms, and increased survival. The protective effect of BpgmL166P involves a dual mechanism that enhances the host's stress erythroid response to Plasmodium-driven RBC loss and simultaneously alters the intracellular milieu of the RBCs, including increased oxyhemoglobin and reduced energy metabolism, reducing Plasmodium maturation, and replication. Overall, our study highlights the importance of BPGM as a regulator of hemoglobin/oxyhemoglobin in malaria pathogenesis and suggests a new potential malaria therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyue Xu
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Rebekah van Bruggen
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Christian O Gualtieri
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Neda Moradin
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Adrien Fois
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Diane Vallerand
- Université de Montréal, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Pav Roger-Gaudry, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | | | - Angelia Bassenden
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Wenyun Lu
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Mifong Tam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Hélène Girouard
- Université de Montréal, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Pav Roger-Gaudry, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Daina Zofija Avizonis
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, 1160 Pin Avenue West, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Geneviève Deblois
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Josef T Prchal
- Division of Hematology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Mary Stevenson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Albert Berghuis
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Tom Muir
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Joshua Rabinowitz
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Silvia M Vidal
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Nassima Fodil
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada; Centre CERMO-FC Pavillon des Sciences Biologiques, 141 Avenue du Président Kennedy, Montréal, QC H2X 3Y7, Canada.
| | - Philippe Gros
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada.
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8
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Abstract
The continuous interactions between host and pathogens during their coevolution have shaped both the immune system and the countermeasures used by pathogens. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that are considered central players in the antiviral response. Not only do they express a variety of inhibitory and activating receptors to discriminate and eliminate target cells but they can also produce immunoregulatory cytokines to alert the immune system. Reciprocally, several unrelated viruses including cytomegalovirus, human immunodeficiency virus, influenza virus, and dengue virus have evolved a multitude of mechanisms to evade NK cell function, such as the targeting of pathways for NK cell receptors and their ligands, apoptosis, and cytokine-mediated signaling. The studies discussed in this article provide further insights into the antiviral function of NK cells and the pathways involved, their constituent proteins, and ways in which they could be manipulated for host benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Mancini
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada;,
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Silvia M. Vidal
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada;,
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
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9
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Železnjak J, Lisnić VJ, Popović B, Lisnić B, Babić M, Halenius A, L'Hernault A, Roviš TL, Hengel H, Erhard F, Redwood AJ, Vidal SM, Dölken L, Krmpotić A, Jonjić S. The complex of MCMV proteins and MHC class I evades NK cell control and drives the evolution of virus-specific activating Ly49 receptors. J Exp Med 2019; 216:1809-1827. [PMID: 31142589 PMCID: PMC6683999 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20182213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Železnjak et al. demonstrate that two MCMV-encoded proteins interact with MHC I molecules, forming an altered-self complex that prevents missing self recognition by increasing specificity for inhibitory Ly49 receptors. This led to the evolution of CMV-specific activating Ly49s. CMVs efficiently target MHC I molecules to avoid recognition by cytotoxic T cells. However, the lack of MHC I on the cell surface renders the infected cell susceptible to NK cell killing upon missing self recognition. To counter this, mouse CMV (MCMV) rescues some MHC I molecules to engage inhibitory Ly49 receptors. Here we identify a new viral protein, MATp1, that is essential for MHC I surface rescue. Rescued altered-self MHC I molecules show increased affinity to inhibitory Ly49 receptors, resulting in inhibition of NK cells despite substantially reduced MHC I surface levels. This enables the virus to evade recognition by licensed NK cells. During evolution, this novel viral immune evasion mechanism could have prompted the development of activating NK cell receptors that are specific for MATp1-modified altered-self MHC I molecules. Our study solves a long-standing conundrum of how MCMV avoids recognition by NK cells, unravels a fundamental new viral immune evasion mechanism, and demonstrates how this forced the evolution of virus-specific activating MHC I–restricted Ly49 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Železnjak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Vanda Juranić Lisnić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Branka Popović
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Berislav Lisnić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Marina Babić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Centre, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Halenius
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne L'Hernault
- Precision Medicine and Genomics, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tihana Lenac Roviš
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Erhard
- Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alec J Redwood
- Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Silvia M Vidal
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill Center for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lars Dölken
- Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Krmpotić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Stipan Jonjić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia .,Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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10
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Mancini M, Caignard G, Charbonneau B, Dumaine A, Wu N, Leiva-Torres GA, Gerondakis S, Pearson A, Qureshi ST, Sladek R, Vidal SM. Rel-Dependent Immune and Central Nervous System Mechanisms Control Viral Replication and Inflammation during Mouse Herpes Simplex Encephalitis. J I 2019; 202:1479-1493. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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11
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Abstract
A majority of the world population is infected with herpes simplex viruses (HSV; human herpesvirus types 1 and 2). These viruses, perhaps best known for their manifestation in the genital or oral mucosa, can also cause herpes simplex encephalitis, a severe and often fatal disease of the central nervous system. Antiviral therapies for HSV are only partially effective since the virus can establish latent infections in neurons, and severe pathological sequelae in the brain are common. A better understanding of disease pathogenesis is required to develop new strategies against herpes simplex encephalitis, including the precise viral and host genetic determinants that promote virus invasion into the central nervous system and its associated immunopathology. Here we review the current understanding of herpes simplex encephalitis from the host genome perspective, which has been illuminated by groundbreaking work on rare herpes simplex encephalitis patients together with mechanistic insight from single-gene mouse models of disease. A complex picture has emerged, whereby innate type I interferon-mediated antiviral signaling is a central pathway to control viral replication, and the regulation of immunopathology and the balance between apoptosis and autophagy are critical to disease severity in the central nervous system. The lessons learned from mouse studies inform us on fundamental defense mechanisms at the interface of host–pathogen interactions within the central nervous system, as well as possible rationales for intervention against infections from severe neuropathogenic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Mancini
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McGill Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Silvia M Vidal
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,McGill Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada.
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Qasaimeh
- Biomedical Engineering Department; McGill University; Montréal QC H3A 0G1 Canada
- Division of Engineering; New York University Abu Dhabi; Abu Dhabi 129188 UAE
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; New York University; NY 11201 USA
| | - Michal Pyzik
- Department of Human Genetics; McGill University; Montréal QC H3G 0B1 Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; Brigham &Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Mélina Astolfi
- Biomedical Engineering Department; McGill University; Montréal QC H3A 0G1 Canada
| | - Silvia M. Vidal
- Department of Human Genetics; McGill University; Montréal QC H3G 0B1 Canada
| | - David Juncker
- Biomedical Engineering Department; McGill University; Montréal QC H3A 0G1 Canada
- Genome Quebec Innovation Centre; McGill University; Montréal QC H3A 0G1 Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; McGill University; Montréal QC H3A 1A4 Canada
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13
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Mossman K, Nebesio N, Vidal SM. Discovery of Variants Underlying Host Susceptibility to Virus Infection Using Whole-Exome Sequencing. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1656:209-227. [PMID: 28808973 PMCID: PMC7120756 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7237-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The clinical course of any viral infection greatly differs in individuals. This variation results from various viral, host, and environmental factors. The identification of host genetic factors influencing inter-individual variation in susceptibility to several pathogenic viruses has tremendously increased our understanding of the mechanisms and pathways required for immunity. Next-generation sequencing of whole exomes represents a powerful tool in biomedical research. In this chapter, we briefly introduce whole-exome sequencing in the context of genetic approaches to identify host susceptibility genes to viral infections. We then describe general aspects of the workflow for whole-exome sequence analysis together with the tools and online resources that can be used to identify and annotate variant calls, and then prioritize them for their potential association to phenotypes of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Mossman
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Nestor Nebesio
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McGill University Research Center on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Silvia M Vidal
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,McGill University Research Center on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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14
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Rahim MMA, Wight A, Mahmoud AB, Aguilar OA, Lee SH, Vidal SM, Carlyle JR, Makrigiannis AP. Expansion and Protection by a Virus-Specific NK Cell Subset Lacking Expression of the Inhibitory NKR-P1B Receptor during Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection. J Immunol 2016; 197:2325-37. [PMID: 27511735 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
NK cells play a major role in immune defense against human and murine CMV (MCMV) infection. Although the MCMV genome encodes for MHC class I-homologous decoy ligands for inhibitory NK cell receptors to evade detection, some mouse strains have evolved activating receptors, such as Ly49H, to recognize these ligands and initiate an immune response. In this study, we demonstrate that approximately half of the Ly49H-expressing (Ly49H(+)) NK cells in the spleen and liver of C57BL/6 mice also express the inhibitory NKR-P1B receptor. During MCMV infection, the NKR-P1B(-)Ly49H(+) NK cell subset proliferates to constitute the bulk of the NK cell population. This NK cell subset also confers better protection against MCMV infection compared with the NKR-P1B(+)Ly49H(+) subset. The two populations are composed of cells that differ in their surface expression of receptors such as Ly49C/I and NKG2A/C/E, as well as developmental markers, CD27 and CD11b, and the high-affinity IL-2R (CD25) following infection. Although the NKR-P1B(+) NK cells can produce effector molecules such as IFNs and granzymes, their proliferation is inhibited during infection. A similar phenotype in MCMV-infected Clr-b-deficient mice, which lack the ligand for NKR-P1B, suggests the involvement of ligands other than the host Clr-b. Most interestingly, genetic deficiency of the NKR-P1B, but not Clr-b, results in accelerated virus clearance and recovery from MCMV infection. This study is particularly significant because the mouse NKR-P1B:Clr-b receptor:ligand system represents the closest homolog of the human NKR-P1A:LLT1 system and may have a direct relevance to human CMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Munir A Rahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada;
| | - Andrew Wight
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, 30001 Madinah Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Oscar A Aguilar
- Department of Immunology, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; and
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Silvia M Vidal
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - James R Carlyle
- Department of Immunology, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; and
| | - Andrew P Makrigiannis
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
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15
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Duerr CU, McCarthy CDA, Mindt BC, Rubio M, Meli AP, Pothlichet J, Eva MM, Gauchat JF, Qureshi ST, Mazer BD, Mossman KL, Malo D, Gamero AM, Vidal SM, King IL, Sarfati M, Fritz JH. Type I interferon restricts type 2 immunopathology through the regulation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Nat Immunol 2015; 17:65-75. [DOI: 10.1038/ni.3308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Marton J, Albert D, Wiltshire SA, Park R, Bergen A, Qureshi S, Malo D, Burelle Y, Vidal SM. Cyclosporine A Treatment Inhibits Abcc6-Dependent Cardiac Necrosis and Calcification following Coxsackievirus B3 Infection in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138222. [PMID: 26375467 PMCID: PMC4574283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus type B3 (CVB3) is a cardiotropic enterovirus. Infection causes cardiomyocyte necrosis and myocardial inflammation. The damaged tissue that results is replaced with fibrotic or calcified tissue, which can lead to permanently altered cardiac function. The extent of pathogenesis among individuals exposed to CVB3 is dictated by a combination of host genetics, viral virulence, and the environment. Here, we aimed to identify genes that modulate cardiopathology following CVB3 infection. 129S1 mice infected with CVB3 developed increased cardiac pathology compared to 129X1 substrain mice despite no difference in viral burden. Linkage analysis identified a major locus on chromosome 7 (LOD: 8.307, P<0.0001) that controlled the severity of cardiac calcification and necrosis following infection. Sub-phenotyping and genetic complementation assays identified Abcc6 as the underlying gene. Microarray expression profiling identified genotype-dependent regulation of genes associated with mitochondria. Electron microscopy examination showed elevated deposition of hydroxyapatite-like material in the mitochondrial matrices of infected Abcc6 knockout (Abcc6-/-) mice but not in wildtype littermates. Cyclosporine A (CsA) inhibits mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening by inhibiting cyclophilin D (CypD). Treatment of Abcc6 -/- mice with CsA reduced cardiac necrosis and calcification by more than half. Furthermore, CsA had no effect on the CVB3-induced phenotype of doubly deficient CypD-/-Abcc6-/- mice. Altogether, our work demonstrates that mutations in Abcc6 render mice more susceptible to cardiac calcification following CVB3 infection. Moreover, we implicate CypD in the control of cardiac necrosis and calcification in Abcc6-deficient mice, whereby CypD inhibition is required for cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Marton
- Department of Human Genetics and Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Danica Albert
- Department of Human Genetics and Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sean A. Wiltshire
- Department of Human Genetics and Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Robin Park
- Department of Human Genetics and Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Arthur Bergen
- Department of Ophthalmogenetics, The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Salman Qureshi
- The Center for Host Resistance and the Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Danielle Malo
- Department of Human Genetics and Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yan Burelle
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Silvia M. Vidal
- Department of Human Genetics and Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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17
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Pyzik M, Dumaine A, Charbonneau B, Fodil-Cornu N, Jonjic S, Vidal SM. Correction: Viral MHC class I-like molecule allows evasion of NK cell effector responses in vivo. J Immunol 2015; 194:6192. [PMID: 26048969 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Wiltshire SA, Marton J, Leiva-Torres GA, Vidal SM. Mapping of a quantitative trait locus controlling susceptibility to Coxsackievirus B3-induced viral hepatitis. Genes Immun 2015; 16:261-7. [PMID: 25790079 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2015.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of coxsackieviral infection is a multifactorial process involving host genetics, viral genetics and the environment in which they interact. We have used a mouse model of Coxsackievirus B3 infection to characterize the contribution of host genetics to infection survival and to viral hepatitis. Twenty-five AcB/BcA recombinant congenic mouse strains were screened. One, BcA86, was found to be particularly susceptible to early mortality; 100% of BcA86 mice died by day 6 compared with 0% of B6 mice (P=0.0012). This increased mortality was accompanied by an increased hepatic necrosis as measured by serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (19547±10556 vs 769±109, P=0.0055). This occurred despite a predominantly resistant (C57BL/6) genetic background. Linkage analysis in a cohort (n=210) of (BcA86x C56Bl/10)F2 animals revealed a new locus on chromosome 13 (peak linkage 101.2 Mbp, lod 4.50 and P=0.003). This locus controlled serum ALT levels as early as 48 h following the infection, and led to an elevated expression of type I interferon. Another locus on chromosome 17 (peak linkage 57.2 Mbp) was significantly linked to heart viral titer (lod 3.4 and P=0.046). These results provide new evidence for the presence of genetic loci contributing to the susceptibility of mice to viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Wiltshire
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J Marton
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - G A Leiva-Torres
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - S M Vidal
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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19
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Xi Y, Honeywell C, Zhang D, Schwartzentruber J, Beaulieu CL, Tetreault M, Hartley T, Marton J, Vidal SM, Majewski J, Aravind L, Gollob M, Boycott KM, Gow RM. Whole exome sequencing identifies the TNNI3K gene as a cause of familial conduction system disease and congenital junctional ectopic tachycardia. Int J Cardiol 2015; 185:114-6. [PMID: 25791106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Xi
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christina Honeywell
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Chandree L Beaulieu
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martine Tetreault
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Taila Hartley
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Marton
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Silvia M Vidal
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jacek Majewski
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - L Aravind
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Michael Gollob
- Toronto General Hospital, Department of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kym M Boycott
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Robert M Gow
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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20
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Lafferty EI, Wiltshire SA, Angers I, Vidal SM, Qureshi ST. Unc93b1 -Dependent Endosomal Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Regulates Inflammation and Mortality during Coxsackievirus B3 Infection. J Innate Immun 2015; 7:315-30. [PMID: 25675947 DOI: 10.1159/000369342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus strain B serotype 3 (CVB3)-induced myocarditis is an important human disease that causes permanent tissue damage and can lead to death from acute infection or long-term morbidity caused by chronic inflammation. The timing and magnitude of immune activation following CVB3 infection can mediate a positive host outcome or increase tissue pathology. To better elucidate the role of endosomal Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in acute CVB3 infection, we studied mice with a loss-of-function mutation, known as Letr for 'loss of endosomal TLR response', in Unc93b1, which is a chaperone protein for TLR3, TLR7 and TLR9. Using Unc93b1(Letr/)(Letr) mice, we determined that Unc93b1-dependent TLR activation was essential for the survival of acute CVB3-induced myocarditis. We also determined that a lack of endosomal TLR signaling was associated with a higher viral load in target organs and that it increased inflammation, necrosis and fibrosis in cardiac tissue. Loss of Unc93b1 function was also associated with increased cardiac expression of Ifn-b and markers of tissue injury and fibrosis including Lcn2 and Serpina3n early after CVB3 infection. These observations establish a significant role for Unc93b1 in the regulation of the host inflammatory response to CVB3 infection and also reveal potential mediators of host tissue damage that merit further investigation in acute viral myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin I Lafferty
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montréal, Qué., Canada
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21
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Kennedy JM, Fodil N, Torre S, Bongfen SE, Olivier JF, Leung V, Langlais D, Meunier C, Berghout J, Langat P, Schwartzentruber J, Majewski J, Lathrop M, Vidal SM, Gros P. CCDC88B is a novel regulator of maturation and effector functions of T cells during pathological inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:2519-35. [PMID: 25403443 PMCID: PMC4267237 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20140455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Kennedy et al. identify a mutation in coiled-coil domain containing protein 88b (Ccdc88b) that confers protection against lethal neuroinflammation during experimental cerebral malaria. CCDC88B is expressed in immune cells and regulates T cell maturation and effector functions. In humans, the CCDC88B gene maps to a locus associated with susceptibility to several inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. We used a genome-wide screen in mutagenized mice to identify genes which inactivation protects against lethal neuroinflammation during experimental cerebral malaria (ECM). We identified an ECM-protective mutation in coiled-coil domain containing protein 88b (Ccdc88b), a poorly annotated gene that is found expressed specifically in spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and thymus. The CCDC88B protein is abundantly expressed in immune cells, including both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, and in myeloid cells, and loss of CCDC88B protein expression has pleiotropic effects on T lymphocyte functions, including impaired maturation in vivo, significantly reduced activation, reduced cell division as well as impaired cytokine production (IFN-γ and TNF) in response to T cell receptor engagement, or to nonspecific stimuli in vitro, and during the course of P. berghei infection in vivo. This identifies CCDC88B as a novel and important regulator of T cell function. The human CCDC88B gene maps to the 11q13 locus that is associated with susceptibility to several inflammatory and auto-immune disorders. Our findings strongly suggest that CCDC88B is the morbid gene underlying the pleiotropic effect of the 11q13 locus on inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Kennedy
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Human Genetics, McGill and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada Department of Biochemistry, Department of Human Genetics, McGill and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Nassima Fodil
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Human Genetics, McGill and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada Department of Biochemistry, Department of Human Genetics, McGill and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Sabrina Torre
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Human Genetics, McGill and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada Department of Biochemistry, Department of Human Genetics, McGill and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Silayuv E Bongfen
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Human Genetics, McGill and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada Department of Biochemistry, Department of Human Genetics, McGill and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Jean-Frédéric Olivier
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Human Genetics, McGill and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada Department of Biochemistry, Department of Human Genetics, McGill and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Vicki Leung
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Human Genetics, McGill and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada Department of Biochemistry, Department of Human Genetics, McGill and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - David Langlais
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Human Genetics, McGill and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada Department of Biochemistry, Department of Human Genetics, McGill and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Charles Meunier
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Human Genetics, McGill and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada Department of Biochemistry, Department of Human Genetics, McGill and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Joanne Berghout
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Human Genetics, McGill and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada Department of Biochemistry, Department of Human Genetics, McGill and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Pinky Langat
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Human Genetics, McGill and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada Department of Biochemistry, Department of Human Genetics, McGill and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Jeremy Schwartzentruber
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Human Genetics, McGill and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Jacek Majewski
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Human Genetics, McGill and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada Department of Biochemistry, Department of Human Genetics, McGill and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Mark Lathrop
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Human Genetics, McGill and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada Department of Biochemistry, Department of Human Genetics, McGill and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Silvia M Vidal
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Human Genetics, McGill and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada Department of Biochemistry, Department of Human Genetics, McGill and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada Department of Biochemistry, Department of Human Genetics, McGill and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Philippe Gros
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Human Genetics, McGill and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada Department of Biochemistry, Department of Human Genetics, McGill and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada Department of Biochemistry, Department of Human Genetics, McGill and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
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Pyzik M, Dumaine AA, Charbonneau B, Fodil-Cornu N, Jonjic S, Vidal SM. Viral MHC Class I–like Molecule Allows Evasion of NK Cell Effector Responses In Vivo. J I 2014; 193:6061-9. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Kanagaratham C, Marino R, Camateros P, Ren J, Houle D, Sladek R, Vidal SM, Radzioch D. Mapping of a chromosome 12 region associated with airway hyperresponsiveness in a recombinant congenic mouse strain and selection of potential candidate genes by expression and sequence variation analyses. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104234. [PMID: 25111050 PMCID: PMC4128649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In a previous study we determined that BcA86 mice, a strain belonging to a panel of AcB/BcA recombinant congenic strains, have an airway responsiveness phenotype resembling mice from the airway hyperresponsive A/J strain. The majority of the BcA86 genome is however from the hyporesponsive C57BL/6J strain. The aim of this study was to identify candidate regions and genes associated with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) by quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis using the BcA86 strain. Airway responsiveness of 205 F2 mice generated from backcrossing BcA86 strain to C57BL/6J strain was measured and used for QTL analysis to identify genomic regions in linkage with AHR. Consomic mice for the QTL containing chromosomes were phenotyped to study the contribution of each chromosome to lung responsiveness. Candidate genes within the QTL were selected based on expression differences in mRNA from whole lungs, and the presence of coding non-synonymous mutations that were predicted to have a functional effect by amino acid substitution prediction tools. One QTL for AHR was identified on Chromosome 12 with its 95% confidence interval ranging from 54.6 to 82.6 Mbp and a maximum LOD score of 5.11 (p = 3.68×10−3). We confirmed that the genotype of mouse Chromosome 12 is an important determinant of lung responsiveness using a Chromosome 12 substitution strain. Mice with an A/J Chromosome 12 on a C57BL/6J background have an AHR phenotype similar to hyperresponsive strains A/J and BcA86. Within the QTL, genes with deleterious coding variants, such as Foxa1, and genes with expression differences, such as Mettl21d and Snapc1, were selected as possible candidates for the AHR phenotype. Overall, through QTL analysis of a recombinant congenic strain, microarray analysis and coding variant analysis we identified Chromosome 12 and three potential candidate genes to be in linkage with airway responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Kanagaratham
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Rafael Marino
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Camateros
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - John Ren
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel Houle
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert Sladek
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Silvia M. Vidal
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Danuta Radzioch
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Rodrigue-Gervais IG, Labbé K, Dagenais M, Dupaul-Chicoine J, Champagne C, Morizot A, Skeldon A, Brincks EL, Vidal SM, Griffith TS, Saleh M. Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein cIAP2 protects against pulmonary tissue necrosis during influenza virus infection to promote host survival. Cell Host Microbe 2014; 15:23-35. [PMID: 24439895 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cellular inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (cIAPs) are essential regulators of cell death and immunity. The corresponding contributions of IAPs to infectious disease outcomes are relatively unexplored. We find that mice deficient in cIAP2 exhibit increased susceptibility and mortality to influenza A virus infection. The lethality was not due to impaired antiviral immune functions, but rather because of death-receptor-induced programmed necrosis of airway epithelial cells that led to severe bronchiole epithelial degeneration, despite control of viral replication. Pharmacological inhibition of RIPK1 or genetic deletion of Ripk3, both kinases involved in programmed necrosis, rescued cIAP2-deficient mice from influenza-induced lethality. Genetic deletion of the death receptor agonists Fas ligand or TRAIL from the hematopoietic compartment also reversed the susceptibility of cIAP2-deficient mice. Thus, cIAP2-dependent antagonism of RIPK3-mediated programmed necrosis critically protects the host from influenza infection through maintenance of pulmonary tissue homeostasis rather than through pathogen control by the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine Labbé
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Maryse Dagenais
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
| | | | - Claudia Champagne
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Alexandre Morizot
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Alexander Skeldon
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Erik L Brincks
- Department of Urology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Silvia M Vidal
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Thomas S Griffith
- Department of Urology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Maya Saleh
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada.
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Meadows DN, Pyzik M, Wu Q, Torre S, Gros P, Vidal SM, Rozen R. Increased resistance to malaria in mice with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (Mthfr) deficiency suggests a mechanism for selection of the MTHFR 677C>T (c.665C>T) variant. Hum Mutat 2014; 35:594-600. [PMID: 24616178 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The polymorphism 677C>T (NM_005957.4:c.665C>T/p.Ala222Val, rs1801133:C>T) in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) results in mild enzymatic deficiency and increased risk for several complex traits including adverse reproductive outcomes, birth defects, and heart disease. Despite these deleterious effects, homozygosity is high (5%-15%) in many populations, and among the highest in Mediterranean regions, where malaria was historically endemic and may have conferred a selective advantage for other mutations. We infected Mthfr-deficient (Mthfr(+) (/-) ) and MTHFR overexpressing (MTHFR(Tg) ) mice with Plasmodium berghei ANKA to induce cerebral malaria. Mthfr(+/-) mice survived longer (P < 0.02, log-rank test), and MTHFR(Tg) mice died earlier (P < 0.05, log-rank test) after infection compared with wild-type littermates. Flow cytometry revealed increased lymphocyte populations and increased CCR4(+) NK cells in spleen of Mthfr(+) (/-) mice; MTHFR(Tg) animals had decreased numbers of these NK cells. Interferon-γ and interleukin-10 immunoreactive proteins were increased and decreased, respectively, in brain of Mthfr(+/-) mice compared with wild-type. We suggest that mild MTHFR deficiency protects against malarial infection and that this phenomenon may have led to the high frequency of the 677C>T/c.665C>T variant in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle N Meadows
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Eva MM, Yuki KE, Dauphinee SM, Schwartzentruber JA, Pyzik M, Paquet M, Lathrop M, Majewski J, Vidal SM, Malo D. Altered IFN-γ-mediated immunity and transcriptional expression patterns in N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced STAT4 mutants confer susceptibility to acute typhoid-like disease. J Immunol 2013; 192:259-70. [PMID: 24285835 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a ubiquitous Gram-negative intracellular bacterium that continues to pose a global challenge to human health. The etiology of Salmonella pathogenesis is complex and controlled by pathogen, environmental, and host genetic factors. In fact, patients immunodeficient in genes in the IL-12, IL-23/IFN-γ pathway are predisposed to invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella infection. Using a forward genomics approach by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) germline mutagenesis in mice, we identified the Ity14 (Immunity to Typhimurium locus 14) pedigree exhibiting increased susceptibility following in vivo Salmonella challenge. A DNA-binding domain mutation (p.G418_E445) in Stat4 (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Factor 4) was the causative mutation. STAT4 signals downstream of IL-12 to mediate transcriptional regulation of inflammatory immune responses. In mutant Ity14 mice, the increased splenic and hepatic bacterial load resulted from an intrinsic defect in innate cell function, IFN-γ-mediated immunity, and disorganized granuloma formation. We further show that NK and NKT cells play an important role in mediating control of Salmonella in Stat4(Ity14/Ity14) mice. Stat4(Ity14/Ity14) mice had increased expression of genes involved in cell-cell interactions and communication, as well as increased CD11b expression on a subset of splenic myeloid dendritic cells, resulting in compromised recruitment of inflammatory cells to the spleen during Salmonella infection. Stat4(Ity14/Ity14) presented upregulated compensatory mechanisms, although inefficient and ultimately Stat4(Ity14/Ity14) mice develop fatal bacteremia. The following study further elucidates the pathophysiological impact of STAT4 during Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Eva
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada
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Caignard G, Leiva-Torres GA, Leney-Greene M, Charbonneau B, Dumaine A, Fodil-Cornu N, Pyzik M, Cingolani P, Schwartzentruber J, Dupaul-Chicoine J, Guo H, Saleh M, Veillette A, Lathrop M, Blanchette M, Majewski J, Pearson A, Vidal SM. Genome-wide mouse mutagenesis reveals CD45-mediated T cell function as critical in protective immunity to HSV-1. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003637. [PMID: 24068938 PMCID: PMC3771889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a lethal neurological disease resulting from infection with Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1). Loss-of-function mutations in the UNC93B1, TLR3, TRIF, TRAF3, and TBK1 genes have been associated with a human genetic predisposition to HSE, demonstrating the UNC93B-TLR3-type I IFN pathway as critical in protective immunity to HSV-1. However, the TLR3, UNC93B1, and TRIF mutations exhibit incomplete penetrance and represent only a minority of HSE cases, perhaps reflecting the effects of additional host genetic factors. In order to identify new host genes, proteins and signaling pathways involved in HSV-1 and HSE susceptibility, we have implemented the first genome-wide mutagenesis screen in an in vivo HSV-1 infectious model. One pedigree (named P43) segregated a susceptible trait with a fully penetrant phenotype. Genetic mapping and whole exome sequencing led to the identification of the causative nonsense mutation L3X in the Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C gene (Ptprc(L3X)), which encodes for the tyrosine phosphatase CD45. Expression of MCP1, IL-6, MMP3, MMP8, and the ICP4 viral gene were significantly increased in the brain stems of infected Ptprc(L3X) mice accounting for hyper-inflammation and pathological damages caused by viral replication. Ptprc(L3X) mutation drastically affects the early stages of thymocytes development but also the final stage of B cell maturation. Transfer of total splenocytes from heterozygous littermates into Ptprc(L3X) mice resulted in a complete HSV-1 protective effect. Furthermore, T cells were the only cell population to fully restore resistance to HSV-1 in the mutants, an effect that required both the CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells and could be attributed to function of CD4⁺ T helper 1 (Th1) cells in CD8⁺ T cell recruitment to the site of infection. Altogether, these results revealed the CD45-mediated T cell function as potentially critical for infection and viral spread to the brain, and also for subsequent HSE development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Caignard
- Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Michael Leney-Greene
- Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benoit Charbonneau
- Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne Dumaine
- Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nassima Fodil-Cornu
- Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michal Pyzik
- Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pablo Cingolani
- School of Computer Science and McGill Centre for Bioinformatics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Huaijian Guo
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Clinical Research Institute of Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maya Saleh
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - André Veillette
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Clinical Research Institute of Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc Lathrop
- McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Blanchette
- School of Computer Science and McGill Centre for Bioinformatics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jacek Majewski
- McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Angela Pearson
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Silvia M. Vidal
- Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Marcoe JP, Lim JR, Schaubert KL, Fodil-Cornu N, Matka M, McCubbrey AL, Farr AR, Vidal SM, Laouar Y. Erratum: TGF-β is responsible for NK cell immaturity during ontogeny and increased susceptibility to infection during mouse infancy. Nat Immunol 2013. [DOI: 10.1038/ni0813-876b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Vidal SM, Fajardo PI, González CG. Veterinary education in the area of food safety (including animal health, food pathogens and surveillance of foodborne diseases). REV SCI TECH OIE 2013; 32:425-424. [PMID: 24547647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The animal foodstuffs industry has changed in recent decades as a result of factors such as: human population growth and longer life expectancy, increasing urbanisation and migration, emerging zoonotic infectious diseases and foodborne diseases (FBDs), food security problems, technological advances in animal production systems, globalisation of trade and environmental changes. The Millennium Development Goals and the 'One Health' paradigm provide global guidelines on efficiently addressing the issues of consumer product safety, food security and risks associated with zoonoses. Professionals involved in the supply chain must therefore play an active role, based on knowledge and skills that meet current market requirements. Accordingly, it is necessary for the veterinary medicine curriculum, both undergraduate and postgraduate, to incorporate these skills. This article analyses the approach that veterinary education should adopt in relation to food safety, with an emphasis on animal health, food pathogens and FBD surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Vidal
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide N 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile.
| | - P I Fajardo
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide N 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile
| | - C G González
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide N 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile
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Pothlichet J, Meunier I, Davis BK, Ting JPY, Skamene E, von Messling V, Vidal SM. Type I IFN triggers RIG-I/TLR3/NLRP3-dependent inflammasome activation in influenza A virus infected cells. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003256. [PMID: 23592984 PMCID: PMC3623797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) triggers a contagious and potentially lethal respiratory disease. A protective IL-1β response is mediated by innate receptors in macrophages and lung epithelial cells. NLRP3 is crucial in macrophages; however, which sensors elicit IL-1β secretion in lung epithelial cells remains undetermined. Here, we describe for the first time the relative roles of the host innate receptors RIG-I (DDX58), TLR3, and NLRP3 in the IL-1β response to IAV in primary lung epithelial cells. To activate IL-1β secretion, these cells employ partially redundant recognition mechanisms that differ from those described in macrophages. RIG-I had the strongest effect through a MAVS/TRIM25/Riplet-dependent type I IFN signaling pathway upstream of TLR3 and NLRP3. Notably, RIG-I also activated the inflammasome through interaction with caspase 1 and ASC in primary lung epithelial cells. Thus, NS1, an influenza virulence factor that inhibits the RIG-I/type I IFN pathway, strongly modulated the IL-1β response in lung epithelial cells and in ferrets. The NS1 protein derived from a highly pathogenic strain resulted in increased interaction with RIG-I and inhibited type I IFN and IL-1β responses compared to the least pathogenic virus strains. These findings demonstrate that in IAV-infected lung epithelial cells RIG-I activates the inflammasome both directly and through a type I IFN positive feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Pothlichet
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill Centre for the Study of Host Resistance, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institut Pasteur, Centre François Jacob, Paris, France
| | | | - Beckley K. Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jenny P-Y. Ting
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Emil Skamene
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill Centre for the Study of Host Resistance, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Silvia M. Vidal
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill Centre for the Study of Host Resistance, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Yuki KE, Eva MM, Richer E, Chung D, Paquet M, Cellier M, Canonne-Hergaux F, Vaulont S, Vidal SM, Malo D. Suppression of hepcidin expression and iron overload mediate Salmonella susceptibility in ankyrin 1 ENU-induced mutant. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55331. [PMID: 23390527 PMCID: PMC3563626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella, a ubiquitous Gram-negative intracellular bacterium, is a food borne pathogen that infects a broad range of hosts. Infection with Salmonella Typhimurium in mice is a broadly recognized experimental model resembling typhoid fever in humans. Using a N-ethyl-N-nitrosurea (ENU) mutagenesis recessive screen, we report the identification of Ity16 (Immunity to Typhimurium locus 16), a locus responsible for increased susceptibility to infection. The position of Ity16 was refined on chromosome 8 and a nonsense mutation was identified in the ankyrin 1 (Ank1) gene. ANK1 plays an important role in the formation and stabilization of the red cell cytoskeleton. The Ank1Ity16/Ity16 mutation causes severe hemolytic anemia in uninfected mice resulting in splenomegaly, hyperbilirubinemia, jaundice, extramedullary erythropoiesis and iron overload in liver and kidneys. Ank1Ity16/Ity16 mutant mice demonstrated low levels of hepcidin (Hamp) expression and significant increases in the expression of the growth differentiation factor 15 (Gdf15), erythropoietin (Epo) and heme oxygenase 1 (Hmox1) exacerbating extramedullary erythropoiesis, tissue iron deposition and splenomegaly. As the infection progresses in Ank1Ity16/Ity16, the anemia worsens and bacterial load were high in liver and kidneys compared to wild type mice. Heterozygous Ank1+/Ity16 mice were also more susceptible to Salmonella infection although to a lesser extent than Ank1Ity16/Ity16 and they did not inherently present anemia and splenomegaly. During infection, iron accumulated in the kidneys of Ank1+/Ity16 mice where bacterial loads were high compared to littermate controls. The critical role of HAMP in the host response to Salmonella infection was validated by showing increased susceptibility to infection in Hamp-deficient mice and significant survival benefits in Ank1+/Ity16 heterozygous mice treated with HAMP peptide. This study illustrates that the regulation of Hamp and iron balance are crucial in the host response to Salmonella infection in Ank1 mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko E. Yuki
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Complex Traits Group of the McGill Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Megan M. Eva
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Complex Traits Group of the McGill Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Etienne Richer
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Complex Traits Group of the McGill Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dudley Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marilène Paquet
- Comparative Medicine and Animal Resources Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - François Canonne-Hergaux
- INSERM U1043-CPTP, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, France
| | | | - Silvia M. Vidal
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Complex Traits Group of the McGill Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Danielle Malo
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Complex Traits Group of the McGill Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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32
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Abstract
The association of Natural Killer (NK) cell deficiencies with disease susceptibility has established a central role for NK cells in host defence. In this context, genetic approaches have been pivotal in elucidating and characterizing the molecular mechanisms underlying NK cell function. To this end, homozygosity mapping and linkage analysis in humans have identified mutations that impact NK cell function and cause life-threatening diseases. However, several critical restrictions accompany genetic studies in humans. Studying NK cell pathophysiology in a mouse model has therefore proven a useful tool. The relevance of the mouse model is underscored by the similarities that exist between cell-structure-sensing receptors and the downstream signaling that leads to NK cell activation. In this review, we provide an overview of how human and mouse quantitative trait locis (QTLs) have facilitated the identification of genes that modulate NK cell development, recognition, and killing of target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Moussa
- Department of Human Genetics and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Life Sciences Complex Montreal, QC, Canada
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33
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Vidal SM, Khakoo SI, Biron CA. Natural killer cell responses during viral infections: flexibility and conditioning of innate immunity by experience. Curr Opin Virol 2012; 1:497-512. [PMID: 22180766 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2011.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells mediate innate defense against viral infections, but the mechanisms in place to access their functions as needed during diverse challenges while limiting collateral damage are poorly understood. Recent molecular characterization of effects mediated through infection-induced inhibitory/activating NK receptor-ligand pairs and cytokines are providing new insights into pathways regulating their responses and revealing unexpected consequences for NK cell subset effects, maintenance, proliferation and function through times overlapping with adaptive and long-lived immunity. The observations define flexible pathways for experience-induced 'conditioning' and challenge narrowly defined roles for NK cells and innate immunity as first responders with prescribed functions. They suggest that individual experiences as well as genes influence the innate immune resources available to fight off an infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia M Vidal
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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34
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Wiltshire SA, Diez E, Miao Q, Dubé MP, Gagné M, Paquette O, Lafrenière RG, Ndao M, Castellani LW, Skamene E, Vidal SM, Fortin A. Genetic control of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol in AcB/BcA recombinant congenic strains of mice. Physiol Genomics 2012; 44:843-52. [PMID: 22805347 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00025.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show that high HDL-cholesterol (HDLc) decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease. To map genes controlling lipid metabolism, particularly HDLc levels, we screened the plasma lipids of 36 AcB/BcA RC mouse strains subjected to either a normal or a high-fat/cholesterol diet. Strains BcA68 and AcB65 showed deviant HDLc plasma levels compared with the parental A/J and C57BL/6J strains; they were thus selected to generate informative F2 crosses. Linkage analyses in the AcB65 strain identified a locus on chromosome 4 (Hdlq78) responsible for high post-high fat diet HDLc levels. This locus has been previously associated at genome-wide significance to two regions in the human genome. A second linkage analysis in strain BcA68 identified linkage in the vicinity of a gene cluster known to control HDLc levels. Sequence analysis of these candidates identified a de novo, loss-of-function mutation in the ApoA1 gene of BcA68 that prematurely truncates the ApoA1 protein. The possibility of dissecting the specific effects of this new ApoA1 deficiency in the context of isogenic controls makes the BcA68 mouse a valuable new tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A Wiltshire
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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35
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Boivin GA, Pothlichet J, Skamene E, Brown EG, Loredo-Osti JC, Sladek R, Vidal SM. Mapping of clinical and expression quantitative trait loci in a sex-dependent effect of host susceptibility to mouse-adapted influenza H3N2/HK/1/68. J Immunol 2012; 188:3949-60. [PMID: 22427645 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal influenza outbreaks and recurrent influenza pandemics present major challenges to public health. By studying immunological responses to influenza in different host species, it may be possible to discover common mechanisms of susceptibility in response to various influenza strains. This could lead to novel therapeutic targets with wide clinical application. Using a mouse-adapted strain of influenza (A/HK/1/68-MA20 [H3N2]), we produced a mouse model of severe influenza that reproduces the hallmark high viral load and overexpression of cytokines associated with susceptibility to severe influenza in humans. We mapped genetic determinants of the host response using a panel of 29 closely related mouse strains (AcB/BcA panel of recombinant congenic strains) created from influenza-susceptible A/J and influenza-resistant C57BL/6J (B6) mice. Combined clinical quantitative trait loci (QTL) and lung expression QTL mapping identified candidate genes for two sex-specific QTL on chromosomes 2 and 17. The former includes the previously described Hc gene, a deficit of which is associated with the susceptibility phenotype in females. The latter includes the phospholipase gene Pla2g7 and Tnfrsf21, a member of the TNFR superfamily. Confirmation of the gene underlying the chromosome 17 QTL may reveal new strategies for influenza treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Boivin
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada
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36
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Bongfen SE, Rodrigue-Gervais IG, Berghout J, Torre S, Cingolani P, Wiltshire SA, Leiva-Torres GA, Letourneau L, Sladek R, Blanchette M, Lathrop M, Behr MA, Gruenheid S, Vidal SM, Saleh M, Gros P. An N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced dominant negative mutation in the JAK3 kinase protects against cerebral malaria. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31012. [PMID: 22363534 PMCID: PMC3283600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria (CM) is a lethal neurological complication of malaria. We implemented a genome-wide screen in mutagenized mice to identify host proteins involved in CM pathogenesis and whose inhibition may be of therapeutic value. One pedigree (P48) segregated a resistance trait whose CM-protective effect was fully penetrant, mapped to chromosome 8, and identified by genome sequencing as homozygosity for a mis-sense mutation (W81R) in the FERM domain of Janus-associated kinase 3 (Jak3). The causative effect of Jak3(W81R) was verified by complementation testing in Jak3(W81R/-) double heterozygotes that were fully protected against CM. Jak3(W81R) homozygotes showed defects in thymic development with depletion of CD8(+) T cell, B cell, and NK cell compartments, and defective T cell-dependent production of IFN-γ. Adoptive transfer of normal splenocytes abrogates CM resistance in Jak3(W81R) homozygotes, an effect attributed to the CD8(+) T cells. Jak3(W81R) behaves as a dominant negative variant, with significant CM resistance of Jak3(W81R/+) heterozygotes, compared to CM-susceptible Jak3(+/+) and Jak3(+/-) controls. CM resistance in Jak3(W81R/+) heterozygotes occurs in presence of normal T, B and NK cell numbers. These findings highlight the pathological role of CD8(+) T cells and Jak3-dependent IFN-γ-mediated Th1 responses in CM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silayuv E. Bongfen
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ian-Gael Rodrigue-Gervais
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Joanne Berghout
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sabrina Torre
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Pablo Cingolani
- School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sean A. Wiltshire
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Gabriel A. Leiva-Torres
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Louis Letourneau
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Robert Sladek
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Mark Lathrop
- Institut de Génomique, Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, France
| | - Marcel A. Behr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- The McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Samantha Gruenheid
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Silvia M. Vidal
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Maya Saleh
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Philippe Gros
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- * E-mail:
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37
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Wiltshire SA, Leiva-Torres GA, Vidal SM. Quantitative trait locus analysis, pathway analysis, and consomic mapping show genetic variants of Tnni3k, Fpgt, or H28 control susceptibility to viral myocarditis. J Immunol 2011; 186:6398-405. [PMID: 21525387 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection is the most common cause of viral myocarditis. The pathogenesis of viral myocarditis is strongly controlled by host genetic factors. Although certain indispensable components of immunity have been identified, the genes and pathways underlying natural variation between individuals remain unclear. Previously, we isolated the viral myocarditis susceptibility 1 (Vms1) locus on chromosome 3, which influences pathogenesis. We hypothesized that confirmation and further study of Vms1 controlling CVB3-mediated pathology, combined with pathway analysis and consomic mapping approaches, would elucidate both pathological and protective mechanisms accounting for natural variation in response to CVB3 infection. Vms1 was originally mapped to chromosome 3 using a segregating cross between susceptible A/J and resistant B10.A mice. To validate Vms1, C57BL/6J-Chr 3(A)/NaJ (a chromosome substitution strain that carries a diploid A/J chromosome 3) were used to replicate susceptibility compared with resistant C57BL/6J (B6). A second segregating F2 cross was generated between these, confirming both the localization and effects of Vms1. Microarray analysis of the four strains (A/J, B10.A, C57BL/6J, and C57BL/6J-Chr 3(A)/NaJ) illuminated a core program of response to CVB3 in all strains that is comprised mainly of IFN-stimulated genes. Microarray analysis also revealed strain-specific differential expression programs and genes that may be prognostic or diagnostic of susceptibility to CVB3 infection. A combination of analyses revealed very strong evidence for the existence and location of Vms1. Differentially expressed pathways were identified by microarray, and candidate gene analysis revealed Fpgt, H28, and Tnni3k as likely candidates for Vms1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A Wiltshire
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada
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38
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Pyzik M, Charbonneau B, Gendron-Pontbriand EM, Babić M, Krmpotić A, Jonjić S, Vidal SM. Distinct MHC class I-dependent NK cell-activating receptors control cytomegalovirus infection in different mouse strains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 208:1105-17. [PMID: 21518798 PMCID: PMC3092355 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20101831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
MCMV-infected cells are recognized by multiple MHC class I–restricted Ly49-activating receptors in genetically distinct mouse strains. Recognition of mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV)–infected cells by activating NK cell receptors was first described in the context of Ly49H, which confers resistance to C57BL/6 mice. We investigated the ability of other activating Ly49 receptors to recognize MCMV-infected cells in mice from various H-2 backgrounds. We observed that Ly49P1 from NOD/Ltj mice, Ly49L from BALB mice, and Ly49D2 from PWK/Pas mice respond to MCMV-infected cells in the context of H-2Dk and the viral protein m04/gp34. Recognition was also seen in the H-2d and/or H-2f contexts, depending on the Ly49 receptor examined, but never in H-2b. Furthermore, BALB.K (H-2k) mice showed reduced viral loads compared with their H-2d or H-2b congenic partners, a reduction which was dependent on interferon γ secretion by Ly49L+ NK cells early after infection. Adoptive transfer of Ly49L+, but not Ly49L−, NK cells significantly increased resistance against MCMV infection in neonate BALB.K mice. These results suggest that multiple activating Ly49 receptors participate in H-2–dependent recognition of MCMV infection, providing a common mechanism of NK cell–mediated resistance against viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Pyzik
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T5, Canada
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39
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Fodil-Cornu N, Loredo-Osti JC, Vidal SM. NK cell receptor/H2-Dk-dependent host resistance to viral infection is quantitatively modulated by H2q inhibitory signals. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1001368. [PMID: 21533075 PMCID: PMC3080855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytomegalovirus resistance locus Cmv3 has been linked to an
epistatic interaction between two loci: a Natural Killer (NK) cell receptor gene
and the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) locus. To demonstrate
the interaction between Cmv3 and
H2k, we generated double congenic mice between
MA/My and BALB.K mice and an F2 cross between FVB/N
(H-2q) and BALB.K
(H2k) mice, two strains susceptible to mouse
cytomegalovirus (MCMV). Only mice expressing H2k in
conjunction with Cmv3MA/My or
Cmv3FVB were resistant to MCMV infection.
Subsequently, an F3 cross was carried out between transgenic
FVB/H2-Dk and MHC-I deficient mice in which
only the progeny expressing Cmv3FVB and a single
H2-Dk class-I molecule completely controlled
MCMV viral loads. This phenotype was shown to be NK cell–dependent and
associated with subsequent NK cell proliferation. Finally, we demonstrated that
a number of H2q alleles influence the expression
level of H2q molecules, but not intrinsic functional
properties of NK cells; viral loads, however, were quantitatively proportional
to the number of H2q alleles. Our results support a
model in which H-2q molecules convey Ly49-dependent
inhibitory signals that interfere with the action of
H2-Dk on NK cell activation against MCMV
infection. Thus, the integration of activating and inhibitory signals emanating
from various MHC-I/NK cell receptor interactions regulates NK
cell–mediated control of viral load. Effective natural killer (NK) cell responses against virally infected cells are
regulated by NK cell receptors that specifically recognize target cells. In the
current study, we validated the specific interaction taking place between NK
cell receptors and MHC class I molecules on the surface of infected cells,
resulting in resistance to cytomegalovirus. Genetic dissection of this mechanism
of interaction revealed that the NK cell response occurs exclusively through the
triggering of the activating Ly49P receptor by the MHC class I
H2-Dk molecule. We observed, in this context,
that NK cells were incapable of clearing the virus when target cells also
expressed MHC class I H2q molecules, which strongly
and quantitatively inhibit NK cells. Our findings reveal that the interplay
between inhibitory and activating NK cell receptors and their MHC class I
ligands generate signals that shape the outcome of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassima Fodil-Cornu
- Department of Human Genetics and Department of
Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Life Sciences Complex, Montreal,
Canada
- McGill Centre for the Study of Host
Resistance, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Silvia M. Vidal
- Department of Human Genetics and Department of
Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Life Sciences Complex, Montreal,
Canada
- McGill Centre for the Study of Host
Resistance, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- * E-mail:
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40
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Babić M, Pyzik M, Zafirova B, Mitrović M, Butorac V, Lanier LL, Krmpotić A, Vidal SM, Jonjić S. Cytomegalovirus immunoevasin reveals the physiological role of "missing self" recognition in natural killer cell dependent virus control in vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 207:2663-73. [PMID: 21078887 PMCID: PMC2989764 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20100921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer cell recognition of “missing self” contributes meaningfully to control of mouse cytomegalovirus infection in vivo. Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) are renowned for interfering with the immune system of their hosts. To sidestep antigen presentation and destruction by CD8+ T cells, these viruses reduce expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) molecules. However, this process sensitizes the virus-infected cells to natural killer (NK) cell–mediated killing via the “missing self” axis. Mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) uses m152 and m06 encoded proteins to inhibit surface expression of MHC I molecules. In addition, it encodes another protein, m04, which forms complexes with MHC I and escorts them to the cell surface. This mechanism is believed to prevent NK cell activation and killing by restoring the “self” signature and allowing the engagement of inhibitory Ly49 receptors on NK cells. Here we show that MCMV lacking m04 was attenuated in an NK cell– and MHC I–dependent manner. NK cell–mediated control of the infection was dependent on the presence of NK cell subsets expressing different inhibitory Ly49 receptors. In addition to providing evidence for immunoevasion strategies used by CMVs to avoid NK cell control via the missing-self pathway, our study is the first to demonstrate that missing self–dependent NK cell activation is biologically relevant in the protection against viral infection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Babić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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41
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Pyzik M, Gendron-Pontbriand EM, Fodil-Cornu N, Vidal SM. Self or nonself? That is the question: sensing of cytomegalovirus infection by innate immune receptors. Mamm Genome 2010; 22:6-18. [PMID: 20882286 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-010-9286-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytomegaloviruses (CMV) are ubiquitous, opportunistic DNA viruses that have mastered the art of immune evasion through their ability to mimic host proteins or to inhibit antiviral responses. The study of the host response against CMV infection has illuminated many facets of the complex interaction between host and pathogen. Here, we review evidence derived from the animal models and human studies that supports the central role played by innate immune receptors in the recognition of virus infection and their participation in the many layers of defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pyzik
- Department of Human Genetics and Centre for the Study of Host Resistance, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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42
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Richer E, Prendergast C, Zhang DE, Qureshi ST, Vidal SM, Malo D. N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mutation in ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 causes hyperactivation of IFN-αß signaling and suppresses STAT4-induced IFN-γ production, resulting in increased susceptibility to Salmonella typhimurium. J Immunol 2010; 185:3593-601. [PMID: 20693420 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To deepen our knowledge of the natural host response to pathogens, our team undertook an in vivo screen of mutagenized 129S1 mice with Salmonella Typhimurium. One mutation affecting Salmonella susceptibility was mapped to a region of 1.3 Mb on chromosome 6 that contains 15 protein-coding genes. A missense mutation was identified in the Usp18 (ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18) gene. This mutation results in an increased inflammatory response (IL-6, type 1 IFN) to Salmonella and LPS challenge while paradoxically reducing IFN-gamma production during bacterial infection. Increased STAT1 phosphorylation correlated with impaired STAT4 phosphorylation, resulting in overwhelming IL-6 secretion but reduced IFN-gamma production during infection. The reduced IFN-gamma levels, along with the increased inflammation, rationalize the S. Typhimurium susceptibility in terms of increased bacterial load in target organs and cytokine-induced septic shock and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Richer
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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43
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Lee SH, Kim KS, Fodil-Cornu N, Vidal SM, Biron CA. Activating receptors promote NK cell expansion for maintenance, IL-10 production, and CD8 T cell regulation during viral infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 206:2235-51. [PMID: 19720840 PMCID: PMC2757878 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20082387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have the potential to deliver both direct antimicrobial effects and regulate adaptive immune responses, but NK cell yields have been reported to vary greatly during different viral infections. Activating receptors, including the Ly49H molecule recognizing mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV), can stimulate NK cell expansion. To define Ly49H's role in supporting NK cell proliferation and maintenance under conditions of uncontrolled viral infection, experiments were performed in Ly49h−/−, perforin 1 (Prf1)−/−, and wild-type (wt) B6 mice. NK cell numbers were similar in uninfected mice, but relative to responses in MCMV-infected wt mice, NK cell yields declined in the absence of Ly49h and increased in the absence of Prf1, with high rates of proliferation and Ly49H expression on nearly all cells. The expansion was abolished in mice deficient for both Ly49h and Prf1 (Ly49h−/−Prf1−/−), and negative consequences for survival were revealed. The Ly49H-dependent protection mechanism delivered in the absence of Prf1 was a result of interleukin 10 production, by the sustained NK cells, to regulate the magnitude of CD8 T cell responses. Thus, the studies demonstrate a previously unappreciated critical role for activating receptors in keeping NK cells present during viral infection to regulate adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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Lee SH, Kim KS, Fodil-Cornu N, Vidal SM, Biron CA. An activating receptor's critical role in supporting NK cell proliferation for survival during viral infections (44.2). The Journal of Immunology 2009. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.44.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Activating receptors, including the Ly49H molecule recognizing MCMV, can stimulate NK cell cytotoxicity and proliferation. Ly49H induction of NK cell cytotoxicity contributes to defense against MCMV, but its in vivo importance in stimulating NK cell expansion remains unclear. To define Ly49H's role in supporting cell proliferation during infection, experiments were carried out evaluating NK cell responses in Ly49h-/-, perforin 1 (Prf1)-/- and wild type (wt) B6 mice. NK cell numbers were similar in uninfected mice, and either deficiency alone resulted in high MCMV burdens. In the absence of Ly49h, however, NK cell numbers declined, with remaining populations having an immature phenotype. In the absence of Prf1, NK cells expanded and had higher rates of proliferation, eccentric phenotypes, and Ly49H expression on nearly all cells. Expansion was abolished, with negative consequences for survival, in mice deficient for both Ly49H and Prf1 (Ly49h-/-Prf1-/-), and NK cell depletions in Prf1-/- mice decreased survival during infection. The results prove that Ly49H can drive dramatic NK cell expansion during challenges with MCMV. Moreover, by dissecting functions for proliferation from cytotoxicity, they demonstrate a previously unappreciated critical role for activating receptors in keeping NK cells present during viral infection. Supported by NIH CA41268 and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research MOP-7781.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hwan Lee
- 1Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Kwang-Sin Kim
- 1Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Nassima Fodil-Cornu
- 2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | - Silvia M Vidal
- 2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | - Christine A Biron
- 1Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Kielczewska A, Pyzik M, Sun T, Krmpotic A, Lodoen MB, Munks MW, Babic M, Hill AB, Koszinowski UH, Jonjic S, Lanier LL, Vidal SM. Ly49P recognition of cytomegalovirus-infected cells expressing H2-Dk and CMV-encoded m04 correlates with the NK cell antiviral response. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 206:515-23. [PMID: 19255146 PMCID: PMC2699136 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20080954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are crucial in resistance to certain viral infections, but the mechanisms used to recognize infected cells remain largely unknown. Here, we show that the activating Ly49P receptor recognizes cells infected with mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) by a process that requires the presence of H2-Dk and the MCMV m04 protein. Using H2 chimeras between H2-Db and -Dk, we demonstrate that the H2-Dk peptide-binding platform is required for Ly49P recognition. We identified m04 as a viral component necessary for recognition using a panel of MCMV-deletion mutant viruses and complementation of m04-deletion mutant (Δm04) virus infection. MA/My mice, which express Ly49P and H2-Dk, are resistant to MCMV; however, infection with Δm04 MCMV abrogates resistance. Depletion of NK cells in MA/My mice abrogates their resistance to wild-type MCMV infection, but does not significantly affect viral titers in mice infected with Δm04 virus, implicating NK cells in host protection through m04-dependent recognition. These findings reveal a novel mechanism of major histocompatability complex class I–restricted recognition of virally infected cells by an activating NK cell receptor.
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Fodil-Cornu N, Lee SH, Belanger S, Makrigiannis AP, Biron CA, Buller RM, Vidal SM. Ly49h-deficient C57BL/6 mice: a new mouse cytomegalovirus-susceptible model remains resistant to unrelated pathogens controlled by the NK gene complex. J Immunol 2009; 181:6394-405. [PMID: 18941230 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.9.6394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cmv1 was the first mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) resistance locus identified in C57BL/6 mice. It encodes Ly49H, a NK cell-activating receptor that specifically recognizes the m157 viral protein at the surface of MCMV-infected cells. To dissect the effect of the Ly49h gene in host-pathogen interactions, we generated C57BL/6 mice lacking the Ly49h region. We found that 36 h after MCMV infection, the lack of Ly49h resulted in high viral replication in the spleen and dramatically enhanced proinflammatory cytokine production in the serum and spleen. At later points in time, we observed that MCMV induced a drastic loss in CD8(+) T cells in B6.Ly49h(-/-) mice, probably reflecting severe histological changes in the spleen. Overall, our results indicate that Ly49H(+) NK cells contain a systemic production of cytokines that may contribute to the MCMV-induced pathology and play a central role in maintaining normal spleen cell microarchitecture. Finally, we tested the ability of B6.Ly49h(-/-) mice to control replication of Leishmania major and ectromelia virus. Resistance to these pathogens has been previously mapped within the NK gene complex. We found that the lack of Ly49H(+) NK cells is not associated with an altered resistance to L. major. In contrast, absence of Ly49H(+) NK cells seems to afford additional protection against ectromelia infection in C57BL/6 mice, suggesting that Ly49H may recognize ectromelia-infected cells with detrimental effects. Taken together, these results confirm the pivotal role of the Ly49H receptor during MCMV infection and open the way for further investigations in host-pathogen interactions.
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Tai LH, Goulet ML, Belanger S, Toyama-Sorimachi N, Fodil-Cornu N, Vidal SM, Troke AD, McVicar DW, Makrigiannis AP. Positive regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell function via Ly49Q recognition of class I MHC. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 205:3187-99. [PMID: 19075287 PMCID: PMC2605222 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20080718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are an important source of type I interferon (IFN) during initial immune responses to viral infections. In mice, pDCs are uniquely characterized by high-level expression of Ly49Q, a C-type lectin-like receptor specific for class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Despite having a cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif, Ly49Q was found to enhance pDC function in vitro, as pDC cytokine production in response to the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 agonist CpG-oligonucleotide (ODN) could be blocked using soluble monoclonal antibody (mAb) to Ly49Q or H-2Kb. Conversely, CpG-ODN–dependent IFN-α production by pDCs was greatly augmented upon receptor cross-linking using immobilized anti-Ly49Q mAb or recombinant H-2Kb ligand. Accordingly, Ly49Q-deficient pDCs displayed a severely reduced capacity to produce cytokines in response to TLR7 and TLR9 stimulation both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, TLR9-dependent antiviral responses were compromised in Ly49Q-null mice infected with mouse cytomegalovirus. Thus, class I MHC recognition by Ly49Q on pDCs is necessary for optimal activation of innate immune responses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Hwa Tai
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Clinical Research Institute of Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Pyzik M, Kielczewska A, Vidal SM. NK cell receptors and their MHC class I ligands in host response to cytomegalovirus: insights from the mouse genome. Semin Immunol 2008; 20:331-42. [PMID: 18948016 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2008.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Accepted: 09/04/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The complex interaction between natural killer (NK) cells and cytomegalovirus is a paradigm of the co-evolution between genomes of large DNA viruses and their host immune systems. Both human and mouse cytomegalovirus posses numerous mechanisms to avoid NK cell detection. Linkage studies, positional cloning and functional studies in mice and cells, have led to the identification of key genes governing resistance to cytomegalovirus, including various NK cell activating receptors of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I. These receptors, however, seem to require either viral or host MHC class I molecules to operate recognition and elimination of the cytomegalovirus-infected cell leading to host resistance. Here we will review the genes and molecules involved in these mechanisms while contrasting their function with that of other NK cell receptors. Activating receptors of MHC class I may represent a window of therapeutic intervention during human infection with viruses, of which cytomegalovirus remains an important health threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pyzik
- McGill Centre for the Study of Host Resistance, Department of Human Genetics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4
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Richer E, Qureshi ST, Vidal SM, Malo D. Chemical mutagenesis: a new strategy against the global threat of infectious diseases. Mamm Genome 2008; 19:309-17. [PMID: 18560940 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-008-9114-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The perpetual evolution of drug-resistant microbes, the overwhelming burden of acquired immune suppression due to HIV, the emergence or re-emergence of various pathogens (West Nile virus, pandemic influenza, Creutzfeld-Jacob disease), and increased fears of bioterrorism has drawn a great deal of new attention to infectious diseases. The pathogenesis of infection is characterized by complex interactions of potentially virulent microorganisms with host genetic and acquired factors. Chemical mutagenesis of the mouse genome provides a robust method to unravel this challenging problem. To deepen our understanding of the natural host response to pathogens, our team and others are interrogating the mouse genome to define genes that are crucial to the defense against infectious diseases (pathogen recognition, viral defense, bacterial defense, prion infection). In this review we highlight the current progress of these efforts and propose a toolbox for other groups that are interested in this endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Richer
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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