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Mizrahi M, Ben Ya'acov A, Adar T, Levy Sklair M, Gaska S, Ilan Y. Oral Administration ofHoodia parvifloraAlleviates Insulin Resistance and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. J Med Food 2019; 22:1189-1198. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meir Mizrahi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ami Ben Ya'acov
- Gastroenterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tomer Adar
- Gastroenterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Miriam Levy Sklair
- Department of Radiology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Svetlana Gaska
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Gastroenterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Lalazar G, Zigmond E, Weksler-Zangen S, Ya'acov AB, Levy MS, Hemed N, Raz I, Ilan Y. Oral Administration of β-Glucosylceramide for the Treatment of Insulin Resistance and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Results of a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Med Food 2017; 20:458-464. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gadi Lalazar
- Gasroeterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ehud Zigmond
- Gasroeterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sarah Weksler-Zangen
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ami Ben Ya'acov
- Gasroeterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Miriam Sklair Levy
- Department of Radiology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nilla Hemed
- Gasroeterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Itamar Raz
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Gasroeterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Diane A, Pierce WD, Kelly SE, Sokolik S, Borthwick F, Jacome-Sosa M, Mangat R, Pradillo JM, Allan SM, Ruth MR, Field CJ, Hutcheson R, Rocic P, Russell JC, Vine DF, Proctor SD. Mechanisms of Comorbidities Associated With the Metabolic Syndrome: Insights from the JCR:LA-cp Corpulent Rat Strain. Front Nutr 2016; 3:44. [PMID: 27777929 PMCID: PMC5056323 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2016.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its metabolic complications have emerged as the epidemic of the new millennia. The use of obese rodent models continues to be a productive component of efforts to understand the concomitant metabolic complications of this disease. In 1978, the JCR:LA-cp rat model was developed with an autosomal recessive corpulent (cp) trait resulting from a premature stop codon in the extracellular domain of the leptin receptor. Rats that are heterozygous for the cp trait are lean-prone, while those that are homozygous (cp/cp) spontaneously display the pathophysiology of obesity as well as a metabolic syndrome (MetS)-like phenotype. Over the years, there have been formidable scientific contributions that have originated from this rat model, much of which has been reviewed extensively up to 2008. The premise of these earlier studies focused on characterizing the pathophysiology of MetS-like phenotype that was spontaneously apparent in this model. The purpose of this review is to highlight areas of recent advancement made possible by this model including; emerging appreciation of the "thrifty gene" hypothesis in the context of obesity, the concept of how chronic inflammation may drive obesogenesis, the impact of acute forms of inflammation to the brain and periphery during chronic obesity, the role of dysfunctional insulin metabolism on lipid metabolism and vascular damage, and the mechanistic basis for altered vascular function as well as novel parallels between the human condition and the female JCR:LA-cp rat as a model for polycystic ovary disease (PCOS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoulaye Diane
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Division of Human Nutrition, Alberta Diabetes and Mazakowski Heart Institutes, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - W. David Pierce
- Department of Sociology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sandra E. Kelly
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Division of Human Nutrition, Alberta Diabetes and Mazakowski Heart Institutes, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sharon Sokolik
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Division of Human Nutrition, Alberta Diabetes and Mazakowski Heart Institutes, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Faye Borthwick
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Division of Human Nutrition, Alberta Diabetes and Mazakowski Heart Institutes, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Miriam Jacome-Sosa
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Division of Human Nutrition, Alberta Diabetes and Mazakowski Heart Institutes, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rabban Mangat
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Division of Human Nutrition, Alberta Diabetes and Mazakowski Heart Institutes, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Stuart McRae Allan
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Megan R. Ruth
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Catherine J. Field
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | | | - James C. Russell
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Division of Human Nutrition, Alberta Diabetes and Mazakowski Heart Institutes, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Donna F. Vine
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Division of Human Nutrition, Alberta Diabetes and Mazakowski Heart Institutes, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Spencer D. Proctor
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Division of Human Nutrition, Alberta Diabetes and Mazakowski Heart Institutes, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Ruth MR, Field CJ. The immune modifying effects of amino acids on gut-associated lymphoid tissue. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2013; 4:27. [PMID: 23899038 PMCID: PMC3750756 DOI: 10.1186/2049-1891-4-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine and the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) are essential components of whole body immune defense, protecting the body from foreign antigens and pathogens, while allowing tolerance to commensal bacteria and dietary antigens. The requirement for protein to support the immune system is well established. Less is known regarding the immune modifying properties of individual amino acids, particularly on the GALT. Both oral and parenteral feeding studies have established convincing evidence that not only the total protein intake, but the availability of specific dietary amino acids (in particular glutamine, glutamate, and arginine, and perhaps methionine, cysteine and threonine) are essential to optimizing the immune functions of the intestine and the proximal resident immune cells. These amino acids each have unique properties that include, maintaining the integrity, growth and function of the intestine, as well as normalizing inflammatory cytokine secretion and improving T-lymphocyte numbers, specific T cell functions, and the secretion of IgA by lamina propria cells. Our understanding of this area has come from studies that have supplemented single amino acids to a mixed protein diet and measuring the effect on specific immune parameters. Future studies should be designed using amino acid mixtures that target a number of specific functions of GALT in order to optimize immune function in domestic animals and humans during critical periods of development and various disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R Ruth
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-126A Li Ka Shing Health Research Innovation Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
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Dietary fat quality in regular fat diets has minor effects on biomarkers of inflammation in obese Zucker rats. Eur J Nutr 2013; 53:211-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0518-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) may be related to a number of chronic metabolic abnormalities, including metabolic syndrome. This review presents an update on the effects of n-3 PUFAs on risk factors of metabolic syndrome, especially adipose tissue inflammation, oxidative stress and underlying mechanisms of these effects. RECENT FINDINGS Anti-inflammatory actions of n-3 PUFAs are thought to be mediated by the formation of their active metabolites (eicosanoids and other lipid mediators) as well as their regulation of the production of inflammatory mediators (e.g., adipocytokines, cytokines) and immune cell infiltration into adipose tissue. n-3 PUFAs mediate these effects by modulating several pathways, such as those involving nuclear factor-κB, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and Toll-like receptors. The antioxidative effects of n-3 PUFAs in adipocytes appear to inhibit reactive oxygen species production and alter mitochondrial function. SUMMARY This review summarizes the evidence for beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs on adipose tissue inflammation and oxidative stress. More studies are necessary to investigate the mechanisms underlying these effects and to relate this topic to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Major Disease in Children and National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Altered or impaired immune response upon vaccination in WNIN/Ob rats. Vaccine 2011; 29:3038-42. [PMID: 21320543 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.01.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to study the immune response in three months old male and female naïve obese animals and upon hepatitis B vaccination in three months old female WNIN/Ob obese mutant rats, established at our institute in comparison with its lean litter mates. Altered immune profile was seen in naïve obese mutant rats in terms of percentage of splenic CD8(+) cytotoxic cells in males and percentages of splenic CD3(+) T lymphocytes and CD4(+) T helper cells in females respectively. Furthermore these obese mutant rats also exhibited impaired immune response to hepatitis B vaccine with low specific Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) specific IgG response and splenic lymphocyte proliferative response to HBsAg compared to the lean counterpart. The loss of immunological memory following vaccination could be attributed to the metabolic and hormonal changes associated with obesity. This observation has implication in public health policies related to vaccination in developed as well as developing countries.
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Ruth MR, Wang Y, Yu HM, Goruk S, Reaney MJ, Proctor SD, Vine DF, Field CJ. Vaccenic and elaidic acid modify plasma and splenocyte membrane phospholipids and mitogen-stimulated cytokine production in obese insulin resistant JCR: LA-cp rats. Nutrients 2010; 2:181-97. [PMID: 22254015 PMCID: PMC3257632 DOI: 10.3390/nu2020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the long-term effects of dietary vaccenic acid (VA) and elaidic acid (EA) on plasma and splenocyte phospholipid (PL) composition and related changes in inflammation and splenocyte phenotypes and cytokine responses in obese/insulin resistant JCR:LA-cp rats. Relative to lean control (Ctl), obese Ctl rats had higher serum haptoglobin and impaired T-cell-stimulated cytokine responses. VA and EA diets improved T-cell-stimulated cytokine production; but, only VA normalized serum haptoglobin. However, EA- and VA-fed rats had enhanced LPS-stimulated cytokine responses. The changes elicited by VA were likely due changes in essential fatty acid composition in PL; whereas EA-induced changes may due to direct incorporation into membrane PL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R. Ruth
- Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Robinson 4400, Boston, MA, 02118, USA;
| | - Ye Wang
- Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada; (Y.W.), (H.-M.Y), (S.G.), (S.D.P.), (D.F.V.)
| | - Howe-Ming Yu
- Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada; (Y.W.), (H.-M.Y), (S.G.), (S.D.P.), (D.F.V.)
| | - Susan Goruk
- Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada; (Y.W.), (H.-M.Y), (S.G.), (S.D.P.), (D.F.V.)
| | - Martin J. Reaney
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada;
| | - Spencer D. Proctor
- Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada; (Y.W.), (H.-M.Y), (S.G.), (S.D.P.), (D.F.V.)
| | - Donna F. Vine
- Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada; (Y.W.), (H.-M.Y), (S.G.), (S.D.P.), (D.F.V.)
| | - Catherine J. Field
- Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada; (Y.W.), (H.-M.Y), (S.G.), (S.D.P.), (D.F.V.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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