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Selvam S, K S. Assessment of Bone Health Using Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) And Its Association with Dietary Intakes, Serum Vitamin D Levels, and Anthropometric Measures in Healthy Urban Preschool Children. Indian J Pediatr 2023; 90:1191-1197. [PMID: 36350501 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-022-04364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To generate reference data for bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) measures among apparently healthy children aged 4-5 y and to study the relationship of BMC and BMD with age, sex, anthropometric measures, dietary intakes, and serum vitamin D levels. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among 219 urban preschool children, aged 4.0-5.11 y. Bone health (BMC and BMD) was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Anthropometric parameters were measured using standard methodology. The 24-h dietary recall method was used to assess the dietary intake of the children. Serum vitamin D levels were assessed using the ELISA kit method. Percentiles for BMC and BMD for each age and sex were constructed using the lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) method. RESULTS The mean BMD and BMC among children was 0.75 ± 0.04 g/cm2 and 544.9 ± 87.6 g, respectively, and were significantly different by age and sex category. The BMC and BMD values of boys and girls increased with age, with boys having significantly higher values. A significant positive correlation was observed for BMC and BMD with anthropometric measures and dietary intake of calcium, phosphorous, protein, zinc, and B vitamins. CONCLUSION This study developed smoothed percentile curves for BMC and BMD in preschool children, which could be used as reference values for children from India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumithra Selvam
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Population Health, St John's Research Institute, Koramangala, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560034, India.
| | - Srinivasan K
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Population Health, St John's Research Institute, Koramangala, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560034, India
- Department of Psychiatry and Division of Mental Health & Neurosciences, St. John's Medical College & Hospital, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Koramangala, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Jacobson D, Liu JZ, Lindsey JC, Shiau S, Coull B, Aldrovandi G. Immune Markers and Their Association with Bone Density in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults with Perinatally Acquired HIV. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2021; 37:122-129. [PMID: 33066711 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2020.0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To describe distributions of immune markers in children and young adults by sex and HIV status, and within groups, investigate associations of immune markers with bone density across Tanner stage. Using data and samples from 353 participants in a cross-sectional study in youth with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) and matched HIV-negative controls, distributions of inflammation and activation immune markers were described by sex and HIV status. Correlations and structural equation models (SEM) were used to explore marginal and multivariable associations of the immune markers with bone density and to assess whether patterns of association varied by sex and HIV status. Immune marker distributions did not differ by sex, but there were some differences by HIV status. Correlation patterns among bone, body composition, and immune markers were similar across the sex and HIV status groups. Conclusions from SEMs were limited by small sample sizes, but there was some indication that patterns of association between bone density and certain immune markers differed in male PHIV with more advanced Tanner stage compared to the other three groups. In conclusion, distributions of bone density, body composition, and immune markers may vary by sex and HIV status, although associations among these outcomes within sex and HIV status groups appear similar. Bone density of male PHIV appears to be more negatively affected than females, regardless of female HIV status. Larger longitudinal studies across Tanner stages are needed to further explore potential biological relationships between immune markers and bone density in youth living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Jacobson
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research; Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeremiah Zhe Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jane C. Lindsey
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research; Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephanie Shiau
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Brent Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Grace Aldrovandi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Latif MA, Fouda N, Omran E, Refaey MS. Role of imaging in assessment and detection of complications after bariatric surgery. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43055-020-00157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Bariatric surgery is performed to control morbid obesity secondary to failed medical approaches. Practical knowledge of post-surgical anatomy allows accurate interpretation of imaging findings related to normal post-surgical anatomy and common post-surgical complications.
The purpose of this study was to highlight the role of imaging in the assessment and detection of complications after bariatric surgery.
Results
This prospective study included 49 patients who had bariatric surgery. Sleeve gastrectomy was the most common bariatric surgery. The leak was the commonest complication (12%). The sensitivity of upper GI series for diagnosis of post-operative complication after bariatric surgery was 70% and specificity 94% while the sensitivity of CT study was 95% and specificity 95%.
Conclusion
CT has a golden role in the diagnosis of post-operative complications. Both post-contrast CT and upper GI series should be used in diagnosing complications following bariatric surgery. US is useful for diagnosis of a superficial problem.
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van Leeuwen J, Koes BW, Paulis WD, van Middelkoop M. Differences in bone mineral density between normal-weight children and children with overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2017; 18:526-546. [PMID: 28273691 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines the differences in bone mineral density between normal-weight children and children with overweight or obesity. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies (published up to 22 June 2016) on the differences in bone mineral density between normal-weight children and overweight and obese children was performed. Results were pooled when possible and mean differences (MDs) were calculated between normal-weight and overweight and normal-weight and obese children for bone content and density measures at different body sites. RESULTS Twenty-seven studies, with a total of 5,958 children, were included. There was moderate and high quality of evidence that overweight (MD 213 g; 95% confidence interval [CI] 166, 261) and obese children (MD 329 g; 95%CI [229, 430]) have a significantly higher whole body bone mineral content than normal-weight children. Similar results were found for whole body bone mineral density. Sensitivity analysis showed that the association was stronger in girls. CONCLUSIONS Overweight and obese children have a significantly higher bone mineral density compared with normal-weight children. Because there was only one study included with a longitudinal design, the long-term impact of childhood overweight and obesity on bone health at adulthood is not clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- J van Leeuwen
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B W Koes
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W D Paulis
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M van Middelkoop
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Vaitkeviciute D, Lätt E, Mäestu J, Jürimäe T, Saar M, Purge P, Maasalu K, Jürimäe J. Longitudinal associations between bone and adipose tissue biochemical markers with bone mineralization in boys during puberty. BMC Pediatr 2016; 16:102. [PMID: 27439435 PMCID: PMC4955269 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-016-0647-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated longitudinal relationships between the biochemical markers of bone and adipose tissue with bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time (SED) in pubertal boys. Methods Ninety-six boys (11.9 ± 0.6 years old) were measured at baseline, after 12 and 24 months. Body composition (fat mass [FM], lean body mass [LBM]), and whole body (WB), lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) BMD and BMC were assessed. Additionally, serum leptin, adiponectin, osteocalcin (OC) and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) were measured. Results OC had a strong longitudinal inverse effect on changes in WB_BMD (p < 0.001) and LS_BMD (p = 0.021), while CTX had an inverse effect only on changes in FN_BMD (p = 0.011). Leptin had an inverse effect on changes in WB_BMC/WB_BMD (p = 0.001), FN_BMD (p = 0.002) and LS_BMD (p = 0.001). MVPA showed a longitudinal inverse effect on changes in leptin (p = 0.030), however no longitudinal effect of SED to biochemical markers of bone and adipose tissue was found. Conclusions Bone metabolism markers have negative effect on bone mineral accrual during puberty. Increases in MVPA affect leptin, suggesting a positive link of MVPA through leptin metabolism on increases in bone mineralization during puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donvina Vaitkeviciute
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Centre of Behavioural, Social and Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Evelin Lätt
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Centre of Behavioural, Social and Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jarek Mäestu
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Centre of Behavioural, Social and Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Toivo Jürimäe
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Centre of Behavioural, Social and Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Meeli Saar
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Centre of Behavioural, Social and Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Priit Purge
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Centre of Behavioural, Social and Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Katre Maasalu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaak Jürimäe
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Centre of Behavioural, Social and Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia. .,Institute of Sport Pedagogy and Coaching Sciences, Centre of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, 5 Jakobi Street, 51014, Tartu, Estonia.
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Tubic B, Magnusson P, Mårild S, Leu M, Schwetz V, Sioen I, Herrmann D, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Lissner L, Swolin-Eide D. Different osteocalcin forms, markers of metabolic syndrome and anthropometric measures in children within the IDEFICS cohort. Bone 2016; 84:230-236. [PMID: 26772621 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteocalcin (OC), an aboundant non-collagenous bone protein, is inversely associated with parameters of glucose metabolism. Interactions between bone tissue and energy metabolism have not been thoroughly investigated during childhood. This study investigated OC, metabolic parameters and anthropometric characteristics in normal weight and overweight/obese children. METHODS This study comprised 108 (46 normal weight/62 overweight/obese) Swedish 2-9year old children. Anthropometric data, insulin, glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), HOMA index, vitamin D, adiponectin, total OC, carboxylated OC (cOC) and undercarboxylated OC (ucOC) were analysed. RESULTS No difference was found for total OC between the normal and overweight/obese groups, with a mean (±SD) value of 82.6 (±2.8) ng/mL and 77.0 (±2.4) ng/mL, (P=0.11), respectively. Overweight children had lower cOC levels, mean 69.1 (±2.2) ng/mL, vs. normal weight children, mean 75.6 (±2.5) ng/mL (P=0.03). The mean ucOC levels of 7.9 (±0.4) ng/mL in overweight children did not differ vs. normal weight children, mean level 7.0 (±0.4) ng/mL, (P=0.067). None of the three OC forms correlated with any of the measured parameters. CONCLUSIONS The cOC levels were lower in overweight children. There was no correlation between the three OC forms and any of the measured anthropometric or metabolic parameters. OC has been suggested to have a possible metabolic role, but in general the current study in prepubertal children does not support the hypothesis of an association between OC and a positive metabolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Tubic
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-416 85 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Per Magnusson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Staffan Mårild
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-416 85 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Monica Leu
- Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine (EPSO), Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 454, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Verena Schwetz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, A-8036, Graz, Austria.
| | - Isabelle Sioen
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; Research Foundation, Flanders, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Diana Herrmann
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, BIPS, Achterstr. 30, DE-28359, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, A-8036, Graz, Austria.
| | - Lauren Lissner
- Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine (EPSO), Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 454, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Diana Swolin-Eide
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-416 85 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Gianfagna F, Cugino D, Ahrens W, Bailey MES, Bammann K, Herrmann D, Koni AC, Kourides Y, Marild S, Molnár D, Moreno LA, Pitsiladis YP, Russo P, Siani A, Sieri S, Sioen I, Veidebaum T, Iacoviello L. Understanding the links among neuromedin U gene, beta2-adrenoceptor gene and bone health: an observational study in European children. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70632. [PMID: 23936460 PMCID: PMC3731254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuromedin U, encoded by the NMU gene, is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that regulates both energy metabolism and bone mass. The beta-2 adrenergic receptor, encoded by the ADRB2 gene, mediates several effects of catecholamine hormones and neurotransmitters in bone. We investigated whether NMU single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes, as well as functional ADRB2 SNPs, are associated with bone stiffness in children from the IDEFICS cohort, also evaluating whether NMU and ADRB2 interact to affect this trait. A sample of 2,274 subjects (52.5% boys, age 6.2±1.8 years) from eight European countries, having data on calcaneus bone stiffness index (SI, mean of both feet) and genotyping (NMU gene: rs6827359, rs12500837, rs9999653; ADRB2 gene: rs1042713, rs1042714), was studied. After false discovery rate adjustment, SI was significantly associated with all NMU SNPs. rs6827359 CC homozygotes showed the strongest association (recessive model, Δ = −1.8, p = 0.006). Among the five retrieved haplotypes with frequencies higher than 1% (range 2.0–43.9%), the CCT haplotype (frequency = 39.7%) was associated with lower SI values (dominant model, Δ = −1.0, p = 0.04) as compared to the most prevalent haplotype. A non-significant decrease in SI was observed in in ADRB2 rs1042713 GG homozygotes, while subjects carrying SI-lowering genotypes at both SNPs (frequency = 8.4%) showed much lower SI than non-carriers (Δ = −3.9, p<0.0001; p for interaction = 0.025). The association was more evident in preschool girls, in whom SI showed a curvilinear trend across ages. In subgroup analyses, rs9999653 CC NMU or both GG ADRB2 genotypes were associated with either lower serum calcium or β-CrossLaps levels (p = 0.01). This study in European children shows, for the first time in humans, a role for NMU gene through interaction with ADRB2 gene in bone strength regulation, more evident in preschool girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Gianfagna
- Research Laboratories, Fondazione di Ricerca e Cura “Giovanni Paolo II”, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Campobasso, Italy
| | | | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiologic Research, Leibniz-Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS GmbH, Bremen, Germany
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Mark E. S. Bailey
- School of Life Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Karin Bammann
- Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiologic Research, Leibniz-Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS GmbH, Bremen, Germany
- Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Diana Herrmann
- Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiologic Research, Leibniz-Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS GmbH, Bremen, Germany
| | - Anna C. Koni
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Yiannis Kourides
- Research and Education Institute of Child Health, Strovolos, Cyprus
| | - Staffan Marild
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Dénes Molnár
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Luis A. Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Yannis P. Pitsiladis
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Russo
- Epidemiology & Population Genetics, Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, Avellino, Italy
| | - Alfonso Siani
- Epidemiology & Population Genetics, Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, Avellino, Italy
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabelle Sioen
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- FWO, Research Foundation Flanders, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- Center of Health and Behavioral Science, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Casa di Cura Montevergine, Mercogliano (AV), Italy
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
- * E-mail:
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Page AS, Winklhofer-Roob BM. Five-minutes-to-twelve for implementation of early changes in dietary and lifestyle behaviour across Europe. Int J Obes (Lond) 2011; 35 Suppl 1:S1-2. [PMID: 21483408 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2011.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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