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Ferreira da Silva CV, da Silva CJF, Bacila Sade Y, Naressi Scapin SM, Thompson FL, Thompson C, da Silva-Boghossian CM, de Oliveira Santos E. Prospecting Specific Protein Patterns for High Body Mass Index (BMI), Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes in Saliva and Blood Plasma From a Brazilian Population. Proteomics Clin Appl 2024:e202300238. [PMID: 39073314 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202300238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity and its associated metabolic disorders, such as T2DM and MeS, are a growing public health problem worldwide. Our goal was the identification of protein patterns that are uniquely characteristic of higher BMI, MeS, and T2DM in a Brazilian population. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Saliva and plasma proteomes, clinical parameters were analyzed in a population from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, a mixed-race population. Volunteers were sorted by their BMI into normal (n = 29), overweight (n = 25), and obese (n = 15) and were compared with individuals with MeS (n = 23) and T2DM (n = 11). RESULTS The Random Forest (RF) predictive model revealed that three clinical variables, BMI, HOMA-IR, and fasting blood glucose, are most important for predicting MeS and T2DM. A total of six plasmatic proteins (ABCD4, LDB1, PDZ, podoplanin, lipirin-alpha-3, and WRS) and six salivary proteins (hemoglobin subunit beta, POTEE, T cell receptor alpha variable 9-2, lactotransferrin, cystatin-S, carbonic anhydrase 6), are enhanced in T2DM and in MeS. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our data revealed similar alterations in protein composition across individuals with abnormal weight gain, T2DM, and MeS. This finding confirms the close link between these conditions at the molecular level in the studied population, potentially enhancing our understanding of these diseases and paving the way for the development of novel diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos José Ferreira da Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa da Pós-graduação em Biomedicina Translacional, Universidade do Grande Rio -Unigranrio, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Youssef Bacila Sade
- Programa da Pós-graduação em Biomedicina Translacional, Universidade do Grande Rio -Unigranrio, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiano L Thompson
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Thompson
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Eidy de Oliveira Santos
- Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa da Pós-graduação em Biomedicina Translacional, Universidade do Grande Rio -Unigranrio, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
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Boas Lichty KE, Loughran RM, Ushijima B, Richards GP, Boyd EF. Osmotic stress response of the coral and oyster pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus: acquisition of catabolism gene clusters for the compatible solute and signaling molecule myo-inositol. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0092024. [PMID: 38874337 PMCID: PMC11267925 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00920-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine bacteria experience fluctuations in osmolarity that they must adapt to, and most bacteria respond to high osmolarity by accumulating compatible solutes also known as osmolytes. The osmotic stress response and compatible solutes used by the coral and oyster pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus were unknown. In this study, we showed that to alleviate osmotic stress V. coralliilyticus biosynthesized glycine betaine (GB) and transported into the cell choline, GB, ectoine, dimethylglycine, and dimethylsulfoniopropionate, but not myo-inositol. Myo-inositol is a stress protectant and a signaling molecule that is biosynthesized and used by algae. Bioinformatics identified myo-inositol (iol) catabolism clusters in V. coralliilyticus and other Vibrio, Photobacterium, Grimontia, and Enterovibrio species. Growth pattern analysis demonstrated that V. coralliilyticus utilized myo-inositol as a sole carbon source, with a short lag time of 3 h. An iolG deletion mutant, which encodes an inositol dehydrogenase, was unable to grow on myo-inositol. Within the iol clusters were an MFS-type (iolT1) and an ABC-type (iolXYZ) transporter and analyses showed that both transported myo-inositol. IolG and IolA phylogeny among Vibrionaceae species showed different evolutionary histories indicating multiple acquisition events. Outside of Vibrionaceae, IolG was most closely related to IolG from a small group of Aeromonas fish and human pathogens and Providencia species. However, IolG from hypervirulent A. hydrophila strains clustered with IolG from Enterobacter, and divergently from Pectobacterium, Brenneria, and Dickeya plant pathogens. The iol cluster was also present within Aliiroseovarius, Burkholderia, Endozoicomonas, Halomonas, Labrenzia, Marinomonas, Marinobacterium, Cobetia, Pantoea, and Pseudomonas, of which many species were associated with marine flora and fauna.IMPORTANCEHost associated bacteria such as Vibrio coralliilyticus encounter competition for nutrients and have evolved metabolic strategies to better compete for food. Emerging studies show that myo-inositol is exchanged in the coral-algae symbiosis, is likely involved in signaling, but is also an osmolyte in algae. The bacterial consumption of myo-inositol could contribute to a breakdown of the coral-algae symbiosis during thermal stress or disrupt the coral microbiome. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the evolutionary history of myo-inositol metabolism is complex, acquired multiple times in Vibrio, but acquired once in many bacterial plant pathogens. Further analysis also showed that a conserved iol cluster is prevalent among many marine species (commensals, mutualists, and pathogens) associated with marine flora and fauna, algae, sponges, corals, molluscs, crustaceans, and fish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel M. Loughran
- Microbiology Graduate Program, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Blake Ushijima
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gary P. Richards
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Dover, Delaware, USA
| | - E. Fidelma Boyd
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
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3
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Boas Lichty KE, Loughran RM, Ushijima B, Richards GP, Boyd EF. Osmotic stress response of the coral and oyster pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus : acquisition of catabolism gene clusters for the compatible solute and signaling molecule myo -inositol. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.16.575920. [PMID: 38766061 PMCID: PMC11100586 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.16.575920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Marine bacteria experience fluctuations in osmolarity that they must adapt to, and most bacteria respond to high osmolarity by accumulating compatible solutes also known as osmolytes. The osmotic stress response and compatible solutes used by the coral and oyster pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus were unknown. In this study, we showed that to alleviate osmotic stress V. coralliilyticus biosynthesized glycine betaine (GB) and transported into the cell choline, GB, ectoine, dimethylglycine, and dimethylsulfoniopropionate, but not myo -inositol. Myo -inositol is a stress protectant and a signaling molecule that is biosynthesized and used by algae. Bioinformatics identified myo -inositol ( iol ) catabolism clusters in V. coralliilyticus and other Vibrio, Photobacterium, Grimontia, and Enterovibrio species. Growth pattern analysis demonstrated that V. coralliilyticus utilized myo -inositol as a sole carbon source, with a short lag time of 3 h. An iolG deletion mutant, which encodes an inositol dehydrogenase, was unable to grow on myo -inositol. Within the iol clusters were an MFS-type ( iolT1) and an ABC-type ( iolXYZ) transporter and analyses showed that both transported myo -inositol. IolG and IolA phylogeny among Vibrionaceae species showed different evolutionary histories indicating multiple acquisition events. Outside of Vibrionaceae , IolG was most closely related to IolG from a small group of Aeromonas fish and human pathogens and Providencia species. However, IolG from hypervirulent A. hydrophila strains clustered with IolG from Enterobacter, and divergently from Pectobacterium, Brenneria, and Dickeya plant pathogens. The iol cluster was also present within Aliiroseovarius, Burkholderia, Endozoicomonas, Halomonas, Labrenzia, Marinomonas, Marinobacterium, Cobetia, Pantoea, and Pseudomonas, of which many species were associated with marine flora and fauna. IMPORTANCE Host associated bacteria such as V. coralliilyticus encounter competition for nutrients and have evolved metabolic strategies to better compete for food. Emerging studies show that myo -inositol is exchanged in the coral-algae symbiosis, is likely involved in signaling, but is also an osmolyte in algae. The bacterial consumption of myo -inositol could contribute to a breakdown of the coral-algae symbiosis during thermal stress or disrupt the coral microbiome. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the evolutionary history of myo -inositol metabolism is complex, acquired multiple times in Vibrio, but acquired once in many bacterial plant pathogens. Further analysis also showed that a conserved iol cluster is prevalent among many marine species (commensals, mutualists, and pathogens) associated with marine flora and fauna, algae, sponges, corals, molluscs, crustaceans, and fish.
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4
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Zhang Q, Su H, Lu C, Huang Q, Wang S, He X, Zou J, Chen Q, Liu Y, Zeng L. Ammonia removal mitigates white plague type II in the coral Pocillopora damicornis. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 196:106403. [PMID: 38335857 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
White Plague Type II (WPL II) is a disease increasingly affecting scleractinian coral species and progresses rapidly. However, the etiological pathogen and remedy remain elusive. In this study, transmission experiments demonstrated that Aureimonas altamirensis and Aurantimonas coralicida, representing the WPL II pathogens, could infect Pocillopora damicorni. The infection produced selected pathological symptoms, including bleaching, tissue loss, and decolorization. Furthermore, ammonia degradation significantly reduced the severity of infection by these pathogens, indicating that ammonia may be a virulence factor for WPL II. Coral microbiome analysis suggested that ammonia degradation mediates the anti-white plague effect by maintaining the density of Symbiodiniaceae and stabilizing the core and symbiotic bacteria. Aureimonas altamirensis and Aurantimonas coralicida have been shown to cause diseases of P. damicornis, with ammonia acting as a virulence factor, and ammoniac degradation may be a promising and innovative approach to mitigate coral mortality suffering from increasing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Hongfei Su
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Chunrong Lu
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Qinyu Huang
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Shuying Wang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xucong He
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jie Zou
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Qiqi Chen
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Lujia Zeng
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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5
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Zhou K, Zhang T, Chen XW, Xu Y, Zhang R, Qian PY. Viruses in Marine Invertebrate Holobionts: Complex Interactions Between Phages and Bacterial Symbionts. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2024; 16:467-485. [PMID: 37647612 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-021623-093133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Marine invertebrates are ecologically and economically important and have formed holobionts by evolving symbiotic relationships with cellular and acellular microorganisms that reside in and on their tissues. In recent decades, significant focus on symbiotic cellular microorganisms has led to the discovery of various functions and a considerable expansion of our knowledge of holobiont functions. Despite this progress, our understanding of symbiotic acellular microorganisms remains insufficient, impeding our ability to achieve a comprehensive understanding of marine holobionts. In this review, we highlight the abundant viruses, with a particular emphasis on bacteriophages; provide an overview of their diversity, especially in extensively studied sponges and corals; and examine their potential life cycles. In addition, we discuss potential phage-holobiont interactions of various invertebrates, including participating in initial bacterial colonization, maintaining symbiotic relationships, and causing or exacerbating the diseases of marine invertebrates. Despite the importance of this subject, knowledge of how viruses contribute to marine invertebrate organisms remains limited. Advancements in technology and greater attention to viruses will enhance our understanding of marine invertebrate holobionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhou
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China;
- Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University (Xiang'an), Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University (Xiang'an), Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China;
| | - Rui Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China;
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China;
- Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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6
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Thompson C, Bacha L, Paz PHC, de Assis Passos Oliveira M, Oliveira BCV, Omachi C, Chueke C, de Lima Hilário M, Lima M, Leomil L, Felix-Cordeiro T, da Cruz TLC, Otsuki K, Vidal L, Thompson M, Ribeiro E Silva R, Cabezas CMV, Veríssimo BM, Zaganelli JL, Botelho ACN, Teixeira L, Cosenza C, Costa PM, Landuci F, Tschoeke DA, Silva TA, Attias M, de Souza W, de Rezende CE, Thompson F. Collapse of scallop Nodipecten nodosus production in the tropical Southeast Brazil as a possible consequence of global warming and water pollution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166873. [PMID: 37689208 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Mollusc rearing is a relevant global socioeconomic activity. However, this activity has faced severe problems in the last years in southeast Brazil. The mariculture scallop production dropped from 51,2 tons in 2016 to 10,2 tons in 2022 in the Baia da Ilha Grande (BIG; Rio de Janeiro). However, the possible causes of this collapse are unknown. This study aimed to analyze decadal trends of water quality in Nodipecten nodosus spat and adult production in BIG. We also performed physical-chemical and biological water quality analyses of three scallop farms and two nearby locations at BIG in 2022 to evaluate possible environmental stressors and risks. Scallop spat production dropped drastically in the last five years (2018-2022: mean ± stdev: 0.47 ± 0.45 million). Spat production was higher in colder waters and during peaks of Chlorophyll a in the last 13 years. Reduction of Chlorophyll a coincided with decreasing spat production in the last five years. Warmer periods (>27 °C) of the year may hamper scallop development. Counts of potentially pathogenic bacteria (Vibrios) and Escherichia coli were significantly higher in warmer periods which may further reduce scallop productivity. Shotgun metagenomics of seawater samples from the five studied corroborated these culture-based counts. Vibrios and fecal indicator bacteria metagenomic sequences were abundant across the entire study area throughout 2022. The results of this study suggest the collapse of scallop mariculture is the result of a synergistic negative effect of global warming and poor seawater quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Thompson
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Bacha
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Fuzzy Lab, Politécnica, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique C Paz
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Braulio Cherene Vaz Oliveira
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences (LCA), Center of Biosciences and Biotechnology (CBB), State University of Northern of Rio de Janeiro Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Claudia Omachi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caroline Chueke
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcela de Lima Hilário
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michele Lima
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Leomil
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thais Felix-Cordeiro
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thalya Lou Cordeiro da Cruz
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Koko Otsuki
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Livia Vidal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mateus Thompson
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Fisheries Institute of the Rio de Janeiro State (FIPERJ), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Renan Ribeiro E Silva
- Instituto de Sócio Desenvolvimento da Baia da Ilha Grande (IED-BIG), Angra dos Reis, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Marque Veríssimo
- Instituto de Sócio Desenvolvimento da Baia da Ilha Grande (IED-BIG), Angra dos Reis, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Zaganelli
- Instituto de Sócio Desenvolvimento da Baia da Ilha Grande (IED-BIG), Angra dos Reis, Brazil
| | - Ana Caroline N Botelho
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucia Teixeira
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Marcio Costa
- Fisheries Institute of the Rio de Janeiro State (FIPERJ), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Felipe Landuci
- Fisheries Institute of the Rio de Janeiro State (FIPERJ), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Diogo A Tschoeke
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Biomedical Engineer Program, COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Attias
- Laboratory of Cell Ultrastructure Hertha Meyer (CENABIO), UFRJ, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos E de Rezende
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences (LCA), Center of Biosciences and Biotechnology (CBB), State University of Northern of Rio de Janeiro Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Thompson
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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da Silva CVF, Bacila Sade Y, Naressi Scapin SM, da Silva-Boghossian CM, de Oliveira Santos E. Comparative proteomics of saliva of healthy and gingivitis individuals from Rio de Janeiro. Proteomics Clin Appl 2023; 17:e2200098. [PMID: 36764829 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202200098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this work, we identified human and bacterial proteomes in the saliva from volunteers with gingivitis or healthy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The reported population consisted of 18 volunteers (six with gingivitis and 12 healthy controls). Proteomics characterization was performed using a quantitative mass spectrometry method. RESULTS A total of 74 human and 116 bacterial proteins were identified in saliva. The major functional category that was modified in the human proteome was the immune response, followed by transport and protease inhibition. In the bacterial proteome, most of the proteins identified were from the Fusobacteria phylum, followed by Chlamydiae and Spirochaetes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE We observed statistically relevant differences in the data between the groups. The 15 most important human proteins affecting the variation between case and control groups included cystatin S, alpha amylase, lactotransferrin, and negative elongation factor E. We found that bacterial proteins from Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum related to the red and orange complexes were closely correlated with the occurrence of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Vinicius Ferreira da Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Zona Oeste (UERJ-ZO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Youssef Bacila Sade
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eidy de Oliveira Santos
- Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Zona Oeste (UERJ-ZO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Programa da Pós-graduação em Biomedicina Translacional, Unigranrio-INMETRO-UERJ-ZO, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
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Doni L, Oliveri C, Lasa A, Di Cesare A, Petrin S, Martinez-Urtaza J, Coman F, Richardson A, Vezzulli L. Large-scale impact of the 2016 Marine Heatwave on the plankton-associated microbial communities of the Great Barrier Reef (Australia). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 188:114685. [PMID: 36739716 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is the world's largest coral ecosystem and is threatened by climate change. This study investigated the impact of the 2016 Marine Heatwave (MHW) on plankton associated microbial communities along a ∼800 km transect in the GBR. 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding of archived plankton samples collected from November 2014 to August 2016 in this region showed a significant increase in Planctomycetes and bacteria belonging to the genus Vibrio and Synechococcus during and after the heatwave. Notably, Droplet Digital PCR and targeted metagenomic analysis applied on samples collected four months after the MHW event revealed the presence of several potential pathogenic Vibrio species previously associated with diseases in aquatic animals. Overall, the 2016 MHW significantly impacted the surface picoplankton community and fostered the spread of potentially pathogenic bacteria across the GBR providing an additional threat for marine biodiversity in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lapo Doni
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Caterina Oliveri
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Aide Lasa
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Centro de Investigación Mariña da Universidade de Vigo (CIM-UVigo), Departamento de Ecología y Biología Animal, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Andrea Di Cesare
- Water Research Institute (IRSA) - MEG Molecular Ecology Group, CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Verbania 28922, Italy
| | - Sara Petrin
- Laboratory of Microbial ecology and Genomics, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro 35020, Italy
| | - Jaime Martinez-Urtaza
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Facultat de Biociéncies, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frank Coman
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, EcoSciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Road, Dutton Park, Brisbane 4102, QLD, Australia; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Oceans and Atmosphere, BioSciences Precinct (QBP), St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Anthony Richardson
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Oceans and Atmosphere, BioSciences Precinct (QBP), St Lucia, QLD, Australia; Centre for Applications in Natural Resource Mathematics, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Luigi Vezzulli
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
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Role of the Vibriolysin VemA Secreted by the Emergent Pathogen Vibrio europaeus in the Colonization of Manila Clam Mucus. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122475. [PMID: 36557728 PMCID: PMC9785129 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio europaeus is an emergent pathogen affecting clams, oysters and scallops produced in the most important countries for bivalve aquaculture. Studies concerning virulence factors involved in the virulence of V. europaeus are very scarce despite its global significance for aquaculture. Zinc-metalloproteases have been described as a major virulence factor in some Vibrio spp., although their contribution and role in the virulence of V. europaeus is not clear. To address this, we have studied an extracellular zinc-metalloprotease (VemA) encoded by V. europaeus, which was identified as a vibriolysin, highly conserved in this species and homologous in other pathogenic and non-pathogenic species. Virulence challenge experiments demonstrated that infection processes were faster when Manila clam larvae and juveniles were infected with the wildtype rather than with a mutant defective in the vemA gene (ΔvemA). V. europaeus was able to resist the bactericidal action of mucus and displayed a chemotaxis ability favoured by VemA to colonize the body mucus of clams and form a biofilm. The overall results suggest that VemA, although it is not a major virulence factor, plays a role in the colonization of the Manila clam mucus, and thus boosts the infection process as we observed in virulence challenge experiments.
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Azizan A, Alfaro AC, Jaramillo D, Venter L, Young T, Frost E, Lee K, Van Nguyen T, Kitundu E, Archer SDJ, Ericson JA, Foxwell J, Quinn O, Ragg NLC. Pathogenicity and virulence of bacterial strains associated with summer mortality in marine mussels (Perna canaliculus). FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6855225. [PMID: 36449667 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of pathogenic bacteria has emerged as a plausible key component of summer mortalities in mussels. In the current research, four bacterial isolates retrieved from moribund Greenshell࣪ mussels, Perna canaliculus, from a previous summer mortality event, were tentatively identified as Vibrio and Photobacterium species using morpho-biochemical characterization and MALDI-TOF MS and confirmed as V. celticus, P. swingsii, P. rosenbergii, and P. proteolyticum using whole genome sequencing. These isolates were utilized in a laboratory challenge where mussels were injected with cell concentrations ranging from 105 to 109 CFU/mussel. Of the investigated isolates, P. swingsii induced the highest mortality. Additionally, results from quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, focusing on known virulence genes were detected in all isolates grown under laboratory conditions. Photobacterium rosenbergii and P. swingsii showed the highest expression levels of these virulence determinants. These results indicate that Photobacterium spp. could be a significant pathogen of P. canaliculus, with possible importance during summer mortality events. By implementing screening methods to detect and monitor Photobacterium concentrations in farmed mussel populations, a better understanding of the host-pathogen relationship can be obtained, aiding the development of a resilient industry in a changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awanis Azizan
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrea C Alfaro
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Diana Jaramillo
- Animal Health Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, New Zealand PO Box 2526, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Leonie Venter
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Tim Young
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,Centre for Biomedical & Chemical Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Emily Frost
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kevin Lee
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Thao Van Nguyen
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Eileen Kitundu
- Department of Food Sciences and Microbiology, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Stephen D J Archer
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jessica A Ericson
- Aquaculture Department, Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Foxwell
- Animal Health Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, New Zealand PO Box 2526, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Oliver Quinn
- Animal Health Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, New Zealand PO Box 2526, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Norman L C Ragg
- Aquaculture Department, Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand
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Huntley N, Brandt ME, Becker CC, Miller CA, Meiling SS, Correa AMS, Holstein DM, Muller EM, Mydlarz LD, Smith TB, Apprill A. Experimental transmission of Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease results in differential microbial responses within coral mucus and tissue. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:46. [PMID: 37938315 PMCID: PMC9723713 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-022-00126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) is a widespread and deadly disease that affects nearly half of Caribbean coral species. To understand the microbial community response to this disease, we performed a disease transmission experiment on US Virgin Island (USVI) corals, exposing six species of coral with varying susceptibility to SCTLD. The microbial community of the surface mucus and tissue layers were examined separately using a small subunit ribosomal RNA gene-based sequencing approach, and data were analyzed to identify microbial community shifts following disease acquisition, potential causative pathogens, as well as compare microbiota composition to field-based corals from the USVI and Florida outbreaks. While all species displayed similar microbiome composition with disease acquisition, microbiome similarity patterns differed by both species and mucus or tissue microhabitat. Further, disease exposed but not lesioned corals harbored a mucus microbial community similar to those showing disease signs, suggesting that mucus may serve as an early warning detection for the onset of SCTLD. Like other SCTLD studies in Florida, Rhodobacteraceae, Arcobacteraceae, Desulfovibrionaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Fusibacter, Marinifilaceae, and Vibrionaceae dominated diseased corals. This study demonstrates the differential response of the mucus and tissue microorganisms to SCTLD and suggests that mucus microorganisms may be diagnostic for early disease exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Huntley
- Center for Marine and Environmental Studies, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, USVI, USA
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Marilyn E Brandt
- Center for Marine and Environmental Studies, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, USVI, USA
| | - Cynthia C Becker
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
- MIT-WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering, Cambridge and Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Carolyn A Miller
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Sonora S Meiling
- Center for Marine and Environmental Studies, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, USVI, USA
| | | | - Daniel M Holstein
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | - Laura D Mydlarz
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Tyler B Smith
- Center for Marine and Environmental Studies, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, USVI, USA
| | - Amy Apprill
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
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12
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Ushijima B, Saw JH, Videau P, Häse CC. Comparison of Vibrio coralliilyticus virulence in Pacific oyster larvae and corals. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2022; 168. [PMID: 35380530 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The bacterium Vibrio coralliilyticus has been implicated in mass mortalities of corals and shellfish larvae. However, using corals for manipulative infection experiments can be logistically difficult compared to other model organisms, so we aimed to establish oyster larvae infections as a proxy model. Therefore, this study assessed the virulence of six wild-type V. coralliilyticus strains, and mutants of one strain with deletions of known virulence factors, between Pacific oyster larvae (Crassostrea gigas) and Hawaiian rice coral (Montipora capitata) infection systems. The wild-type strains tested displayed variable virulence in each system, but virulence levels between hosts were not necessarily comparable. Strains RE98 and OCN008 maintained a medium to high level of virulence across hosts and appeared to be more generalist pathogens. Strain H1, in contrast, was avirulent towards coral but displayed a medium level of virulence towards oyster larvae. Interestingly, the BAA-450 type strain had a medium level of virulence towards coral and was the least virulent to oyster larvae. A comparison of known virulence factors determined that the flagellum, motility or chemotaxis, all of which play a significant role in coral infections, were not crucial for oyster infections with strain OCN008. A genomic comparison of the newly sequenced strain H1 with the other strains tested identified 16 genes potentially specific to coral pathogens that were absent in H1. This is both the first comparison of various V. coralliilyticus strains across infection systems and the first investigation of a strain that is non-virulent to coral. Our results indicate that the virulence of V. coralliilyticus strains in coral is not necessarily indicative of virulence in oyster larvae, and that the set of genes tested are not required for virulence in both model systems. This study increases our understanding of the virulence between V. coralliilyticus strains and helps assess their potential threat to marine environments and shellfish industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake Ushijima
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
| | - Jimmy H Saw
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Patrick Videau
- Department of Biology, Southern Oregon University, Ashland, OR, USA
- Present address: Bayer Crop Science, MO, Chesterfield, USA
| | - Claudia C Häse
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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Galvis F, Ageitos L, Rodríguez J, Jiménez C, Barja JL, Lemos ML, Balado M. Vibrio neptunius Produces Piscibactin and Amphibactin and Both Siderophores Contribute Significantly to Virulence for Clams. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:750567. [PMID: 34760718 PMCID: PMC8573110 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.750567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio neptunius is an inhabitant of mollusc microbiota and an opportunistic pathogen causing disease outbreaks in marine bivalve mollusc species including oysters and clams. Virulence of mollusc pathogenic vibrios is mainly associated with the production of extracellular products. However, siderophore production is a common feature in pathogenic marine bacteria but its role in fitness and virulence of mollusc pathogens remains unknown. We previously found that V. neptunius produces amphibactin, one of the most abundant siderophores in marine microbes. In this work, synthesis of the siderophore piscibactin was identified as the second siderophore produced by V. neptunius. Single and double mutants in biosynthetic genes of each siderophore system, piscibactin and amphibactin, were constructed in V. neptunius and their role in growth ability and virulence was characterized. Although the High Pathogenicity Island encoding piscibactin is a major virulence factor in vibrios pathogenic for fish, the V. neptunius wild type did not cause mortality in turbot. The results showed that amphibactin contributes more than piscibactin to bacterial fitness in vitro. However, infection challenges showed that each siderophore system contributes equally to virulence for molluscs. The V. neptunius strain unable to produce any siderophore was severely impaired to cause vibriosis in clams. Although the inactivation of one of the two siderophore systems (either amphibactin or piscibactin) significantly reduced virulence compared to the wild type strain, the ability to produce both siderophores simultaneously maximised the degree of virulence. Evaluation of the gene expression pattern of each siderophore system showed that they are simultaneously expressed when V. neptunius is cultivated under low iron availability in vitro and ex vivo. Finally, the analysis of the distribution of siderophore systems in genomes of Vibrio spp. pathogenic for molluscs showed that the gene clusters encoding amphibactin and piscibactin are widespread in the Coralliilyticus clade. Thus, siderophore production would constitute a key virulence factor for bivalve molluscs pathogenic vibrios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabián Galvis
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura y Facultad de Biología-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lucía Ageitos
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) e Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jaime Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) e Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carlos Jiménez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) e Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Juan L Barja
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura y Facultad de Biología-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel L Lemos
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura y Facultad de Biología-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel Balado
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura y Facultad de Biología-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Nutrient Enrichment Predominantly Affects Low Diversity Microbiomes in a Marine Trophic Symbiosis between Algal Farming Fish and Corals. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091873. [PMID: 34576770 PMCID: PMC8471015 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
While studies show that nutrient pollution shifts reef trophic interactions between fish, macroalgae, and corals, we know less about how the microbiomes associated with these organisms react to such disturbances. To investigate how microbiome dynamics are affected during nutrient pollution, we exposed replicate Porites lobata corals colonized by the fish Stegastes nigricans, which farm an algal matrix on the coral, to a pulse of nutrient enrichment over a two-month period and examined the microbiome of each partner using 16S amplicon analysis. We found 51 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) shared among the three hosts. Coral microbiomes had the lowest diversity with over 98% of the microbiome dominated by a single genus, Endozoicomonas. Fish and algal matrix microbiomes were ~20 to 70× more diverse and had higher evenness compared to the corals. The addition of nutrients significantly increased species richness and community variability between samples of coral microbiomes but not the fish or algal matrix microbiomes, demonstrating that coral microbiomes are less resistant to nutrient pollution than their trophic partners. Furthermore, the 51 common ASVs within the 3 hosts indicate microbes that may be shared or transmitted between these closely associated organisms, including Vibrionaceae bacteria, many of which can be pathogenic to corals.
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Kumar S, Kumar CB, Rajendran V, Abishaw N, Anand PSS, Kannapan S, Nagaleekar VK, Vijayan KK, Alavandi SV. Delineating virulence of Vibrio campbellii: a predominant luminescent bacterial pathogen in Indian shrimp hatcheries. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15831. [PMID: 34349168 PMCID: PMC8339124 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94961-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Luminescent vibriosis is a major bacterial disease in shrimp hatcheries and causes up to 100% mortality in larval stages of penaeid shrimps. We investigated the virulence factors and genetic identity of 29 luminescent Vibrio isolates from Indian shrimp hatcheries and farms, which were earlier presumed as Vibrio harveyi. Haemolysin gene-based species-specific multiplex PCR and phylogenetic analysis of rpoD and toxR identified all the isolates as V. campbellii. The gene-specific PCR revealed the presence of virulence markers involved in quorum sensing (luxM, luxS, cqsA), motility (flaA, lafA), toxin (hly, chiA, serine protease, metalloprotease), and virulence regulators (toxR, luxR) in all the isolates. The deduced amino acid sequence analysis of virulence regulator ToxR suggested four variants, namely A123Q150 (AQ; 18.9%), P123Q150 (PQ; 54.1%), A123P150 (AP; 21.6%), and P123P150 (PP; 5.4% isolates) based on amino acid at 123rd (proline or alanine) and 150th (glutamine or proline) positions. A significantly higher level of the quorum-sensing signal, autoinducer-2 (AI-2, p = 2.2e-12), and significantly reduced protease activity (p = 1.6e-07) were recorded in AP variant, whereas an inverse trend was noticed in the Q150 variants AQ and PQ. The pathogenicity study in Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei juveniles revealed that all the isolates of AQ were highly pathogenic with Cox proportional hazard ratio 15.1 to 32.4 compared to P150 variants; PP (5.4 to 6.3) or AP (7.3 to 14). The correlation matrix suggested that protease, a metalloprotease, was positively correlated with pathogenicity (p > 0.05) and negatively correlated (p < 0.05) with AI-2 and AI-1. The syntenic organization of toxS-toxR-htpG operon in V. campbellii was found to be similar to pathogenic V. cholerae suggesting a similar regulatory role. The present study emphasizes that V. campbellii is a predominant pathogen in Indian shrimp hatcheries, and ToxR plays a significant role as a virulence regulator in the quorum sensing-protease pathway. Further, the study suggests that the presence of glutamine at 150th position (Q150) in ToxR is crucial for the pathogenicity of V. campbellii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeet Kumar
- grid.464531.10000 0004 1755 9599ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, MRC Nagar, Chennai, 600 028 India
| | - Chandra Bhushan Kumar
- grid.464531.10000 0004 1755 9599ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, MRC Nagar, Chennai, 600 028 India ,grid.473401.50000 0001 2301 4227ICAR - National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, Dilkusha Marg, Lucknow, 226002 India
| | - Vidya Rajendran
- grid.464531.10000 0004 1755 9599ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, MRC Nagar, Chennai, 600 028 India
| | - Nishawlini Abishaw
- grid.464531.10000 0004 1755 9599ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, MRC Nagar, Chennai, 600 028 India
| | - P. S. Shyne Anand
- grid.464531.10000 0004 1755 9599ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, MRC Nagar, Chennai, 600 028 India
| | - S. Kannapan
- grid.464531.10000 0004 1755 9599ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, MRC Nagar, Chennai, 600 028 India
| | - Viswas K. Nagaleekar
- grid.417990.20000 0000 9070 5290ICAR -Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122 India
| | - K. K. Vijayan
- grid.464531.10000 0004 1755 9599ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, MRC Nagar, Chennai, 600 028 India
| | - S. V. Alavandi
- grid.464531.10000 0004 1755 9599ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, MRC Nagar, Chennai, 600 028 India
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Gavish AR, Shapiro OH, Kramarsky-Winter E, Vardi A. Microscale tracking of coral-vibrio interactions. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 1:18. [PMID: 37938689 PMCID: PMC9723675 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-021-00016-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To improve our understanding of coral infection and disease, it is important to study host-pathogen interactions at relevant spatio-temporal scales. Here, we provide a dynamic microscopic view of the interaction between a coral pathogen, Vibrio coralliilyticus and its coral host Pocillopora damicornis. This was achieved using a microfluidics-based system facilitating control over flow, light and temperature conditions. Combined with time-resolved biochemical and microbial analyses of the system exudates, this approach provides novel insights into the early phases of a coral infection at unprecedented spatio-temporal resolution. We provide evidence that infection may occur through ingestion of the pathogen by the coral polyps, or following pathogen colonization of small tissue lesions on the coral surface. Pathogen ingestion invariably induced the release of pathogen-laden mucus from the gastrovascular cavity. Despite the high bacterial load used in our experiments, approximately one-third of coral fragments tested did not develop further symptoms. In the remaining two-thirds, mucus spewing was followed by the severing of calicoblastic connective tissues (coenosarc) and subsequently necrosis of most polyps. Despite extensive damage to symptomatic colonies, we frequently observed survival of individual polyps, often accompanied by polyp bail-out. Biochemical and microbial analyses of exudates over the course of symptomatic infections revealed that severing of the coenosarc was followed by an increase in matrix metaloprotease activity, and subsequent increase in both pathogen and total bacterial counts. Combined, these observations provide a detailed description of a coral infection, bringing us a step closer to elucidating the complex interactions underlying coral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf R Gavish
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Orr H Shapiro
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
| | - Esti Kramarsky-Winter
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Assaf Vardi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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The Vibriolysin-Like Protease VnpA and the Collagenase ColA Are Required for Full Virulence of the Bivalve Mollusks Pathogen Vibrio neptunius. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10040391. [PMID: 33917401 PMCID: PMC8067407 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio neptunius is an important pathogen of bivalve mollusks worldwide. Several metalloproteases have been described as virulence factors in species of Vibrio that are pathogenic to bivalves, but little is known about the contribution of these potential virulence factors to Vibrio neptunius pathogenesis. In silico analysis of the genome of V. neptunius strain PP-145.98 led to the identification of two hitherto uncharacterized chromosomal loci encoding a probable vibriolysin-like metalloprotease and a putative collagenase, which were designated VnpA and ColA, respectively. Single defective mutants of each gene were obtained in V. neptunius PP-145.98, and the phospholipase, esterase and collagenase activities were studied and compared with those of the wild-type strain. The results showed that the single inactivation of vnpA resulted in a 3-fold reduction in phospholipase/esterase activity. Inactivation of colA reduced the collagenase activity by 50%. Finally, infection challenges performed in oyster larvae showed that ΔvnpA and ΔcolA—single mutant strains of V. neptunius—are between 2–3-fold less virulent than the wild-type strain. Thus, the present work demonstrates that the production of both VnpA and ColA is required for the full virulence of the bivalve pathogen V. neptunius.
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18
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Aquino CA, Besemer RM, DeRito CM, Kocian J, Porter IR, Raimondi PT, Rede JE, Schiebelhut LM, Sparks JP, Wares JP, Hewson I. Evidence That Microorganisms at the Animal-Water Interface Drive Sea Star Wasting Disease. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:610009. [PMID: 33488550 PMCID: PMC7815596 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.610009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea star wasting (SSW) disease describes a condition affecting asteroids that resulted in significant Northeastern Pacific population decline following a mass mortality event in 2013. The etiology of SSW is unresolved. We hypothesized that SSW is a sequela of microbial organic matter remineralization near respiratory surfaces, one consequence of which may be limited O2 availability at the animal-water interface. Microbial assemblages inhabiting tissues and at the asteroid-water interface bore signatures of copiotroph proliferation before SSW onset, followed by the appearance of putatively facultative and strictly anaerobic taxa at the time of lesion genesis and as animals died. SSW lesions were induced in Pisaster ochraceus by enrichment with a variety of organic matter (OM) sources. These results together illustrate that depleted O2 conditions at the animal-water interface may be established by heterotrophic microbial activity in response to organic matter loading. SSW was also induced by modestly (∼39%) depleted O2 conditions in aquaria, suggesting that small perturbations in dissolved O2 may exacerbate the condition. SSW susceptibility between species was significantly and positively correlated with surface rugosity, a key determinant of diffusive boundary layer thickness. Tissues of SSW-affected individuals collected in 2013–2014 bore δ15N signatures reflecting anaerobic processes, which suggests that this phenomenon may have affected asteroids during mass mortality at the time. The impacts of enhanced microbial activity and subsequent O2 diffusion limitation may be more pronounced under higher temperatures due to lower O2 solubility, in more rugose asteroid species due to restricted hydrodynamic flow, and in larger specimens due to their lower surface area to volume ratios which affects diffusive respiratory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citlalli A Aquino
- Department of Biology, Estuary and Ocean Science Center, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, CA, United States
| | - Ryan M Besemer
- Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, United States
| | | | - Jan Kocian
- Unaffiliated Researcher, Freeland, WA, United States
| | - Ian R Porter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Peter T Raimondi
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Jordan E Rede
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Lauren M Schiebelhut
- Life and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Jed P Sparks
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - John P Wares
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Ian Hewson
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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19
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Takagi T, Yoshioka Y, Zayasu Y, Satoh N, Shinzato C. Transcriptome Analyses of Immune System Behaviors in Primary Polyp of Coral Acropora digitifera Exposed to the Bacterial Pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus under Thermal Loading. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 22:748-759. [PMID: 32696240 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-020-09984-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Elevated sea surface temperature associated with global warming is a serious threat to coral reefs. Elevated temperatures directly or indirectly alter the distribution of coral-pathogen interactions and thereby exacerbate infectious coral diseases. The pathogenic bacterium Vibrio coralliilyticus is well-known as a causative agent of infectious coral disease. Rising sea surface temperature promotes the infection of corals by this bacterium, which causes several coral pathologies, such as bacterial bleaching, tissue lysis, and white syndrome. However, the effects of thermal stress on coral immune responses to the pathogen are poorly understood. To delineate the effects of thermal stress on coral immunity, we performed transcriptome analysis of aposymbiotic primary polyps of the reef-building coral Acropora digitifera exposed to V. coralliilyticus under thermal stress conditions. V. coralliilyticus infection of coral that was under thermal stress had negative effects on various molecular processes, including suppression of gene expression related to the innate immune response. In response to the pathogen, the coral mounted various responses including changes in protein metabolism, exosome release delivering signal molecules, extracellular matrix remodeling, and mitochondrial metabolism changes. Based on these results, we provide new insights into innate immunity of A. digitifera against pathogen infection under thermal stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Takagi
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan.
| | - Yuki Yoshioka
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan
| | - Yuna Zayasu
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Satoh
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Chuya Shinzato
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan
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20
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Ushijima B, Meyer JL, Thompson S, Pitts K, Marusich MF, Tittl J, Weatherup E, Reu J, Wetzell R, Aeby GS, Häse CC, Paul VJ. Disease Diagnostics and Potential Coinfections by Vibrio coralliilyticus During an Ongoing Coral Disease Outbreak in Florida. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:569354. [PMID: 33193161 PMCID: PMC7649382 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.569354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A deadly coral disease outbreak has been devastating the Florida Reef Tract since 2014. This disease, stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD), affects at least 22 coral species causing the progressive destruction of tissue. The etiological agents responsible for SCTLD are unidentified, but pathogenic bacteria are suspected. Virulence screens of 400 isolates identified four potentially pathogenic strains of Vibrio spp. subsequently identified as V. coralliilyticus. Strains of this species are known coral pathogens; however, cultures were unable to consistently elicit tissue loss, suggesting an opportunistic role. Using an improved immunoassay, the VcpA RapidTest, a toxic zinc-metalloprotease produced by V. coralliilyticus was detected on 22.3% of diseased Montastraea cavernosa (n = 67) and 23.5% of diseased Orbicella faveolata (n = 24). VcpA+ corals had significantly higher mortality rates and faster disease progression. For VcpA- fragments, 21.6% and 33.3% of M. cavernosa and O. faveolata, respectively, died within 21 d of observation, while 100% of similarly sized VcpA+ fragments of both species died during the same period. Further physiological and genomic analysis found no apparent differences between the Atlantic V. coralliilyticus strains cultured here and pathogens from the Indo-Pacific but highlighted the diversity among strains and their immense genetic potential. In all, V. coralliilyticus may be causing coinfections that exacerbate existing SCTLD lesions, which could contribute to the intraspecific differences observed between colonies. This study describes potential coinfections contributing to SCTLD virulence as well as diagnostic tools capable of tracking the pathogen involved, which are important contributions to the management and understanding of SCTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake Ushijima
- Smithsonian Marine Station, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - Julie L Meyer
- Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | - Kelly Pitts
- Smithsonian Marine Station, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | | | - Jessica Tittl
- Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | - Jacqueline Reu
- Smithsonian Marine Station, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - Raquel Wetzell
- Smithsonian Marine Station, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - Greta S Aeby
- Smithsonian Marine Station, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - Claudia C Häse
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Valerie J Paul
- Smithsonian Marine Station, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
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21
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Kehlet-Delgado H, Häse CC, Mueller RS. Comparative genomic analysis of Vibrios yields insights into genes associated with virulence towards C. gigas larvae. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:599. [PMID: 32867668 PMCID: PMC7457808 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06980-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vibriosis has been implicated in major losses of larvae at shellfish hatcheries. However, the species of Vibrio responsible for disease in aquaculture settings and their associated virulence genes are often variable or undefined. Knowledge of the specific nature of these factors is essential to developing a better understanding of the environmental and biological conditions that lead to larvae mortality events in hatcheries. We tested the virulence of 51 Vibrio strains towards Pacific Oyster (Crassostreae gigas) larvae and sequenced draft genomes of 42 hatchery-associated vibrios to determine groups of orthologous genes associated with virulence and to determine the phylogenetic relationships among pathogens and non-pathogens of C. gigas larvae. RESULTS V. coralliilyticus strains were the most prevalent pathogenic isolates. A phylogenetic logistic regression model identified over 500 protein-coding genes correlated with pathogenicity. Many of these genes had straightforward links to disease mechanisms, including predicted hemolysins, proteases, and multiple Type 3 Secretion System genes, while others appear to have possible indirect roles in pathogenesis and may be more important for general survival in the host environment. Multiple metabolism and nutrient acquisition genes were also identified to correlate with pathogenicity, highlighting specific features that may enable pathogen survival within C. gigas larvae. CONCLUSIONS These findings have important implications on the range of pathogenic Vibrio spp. found in oyster-rearing environments and the genetic determinants of virulence in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Kehlet-Delgado
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA.
| | - Claudia C Häse
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Ryan S Mueller
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
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22
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Abstract
Vibrio coralliilyticus and Vibrio mediterranei are important coral pathogens capable of inducing serious coral damage, which increases severely when they infect the host simultaneously. This has consequences related to the dispersion of these pathogens among different locations that could enhance deleterious effects on coral reefs. However, the mechanisms underlying this synergistic interaction are unknown. The work described here provides a new perspective on the complex interactions among these two Vibrio coral pathogens, suggesting that coral infection could be a collateral effect of interspecific competition. Major implications of this work are that (i) Vibrio virulence mechanisms are activated in the absence of the host as a response to interspecific competition and (ii) release of molecules by Vibrio coral pathogens produces changes in the coral microbiome that favor the pathogenic potential of the entire Vibrio community. Thus, our results highlight that social cues and competition sensing are crucial determinants of development of coral diseases. The increase in prevalence and severity of coral disease outbreaks produced by Vibrio pathogens, and related to global warming, has seriously impacted reef-building corals throughout the oceans. The coral Oculina patagonica has been used as a model system to study coral bleaching produced by Vibrio infection. Previous data demonstrated that when two coral pathogens (Vibrio coralliilyticus and Vibrio mediterranei) simultaneously infected the coral O. patagonica, their pathogenicity was greater than when each bacterium was infected separately. Here, to understand the mechanisms underlying this synergistic effect, transcriptomic analyses of monocultures and cocultures as well as experimental infection experiments were performed. Our results revealed that the interaction between the two vibrios under culture conditions overexpressed virulence factor genes (e.g., those encoding siderophores, the type VI secretion system, and toxins, among others). Moreover, under these conditions, vibrios were also more likely to form biofilms or become motile through induction of lateral flagella. All these changes that occur as a physiological response to the presence of a competing species could favor the colonization of the host when they are present in a mixed population. Additionally, during coral experimental infections, we showed that exposure of corals to molecules released during V. coralliilyticus and V. mediterranei coculture induced changes in the coral microbiome that favored damage to coral tissue and increased the production of lyso-platelet activating factor. Therefore, we propose that competition sensing, defined as the physiological response to detection of harm or to the presence of a competing Vibrio species, enhances the ability of Vibrio coral pathogens to invade their host and cause tissue necrosis.
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23
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Mauritzen JJ, Castillo D, Tan D, Svenningsen SL, Middelboe M. Beyond Cholera: Characterization of zot-Encoding Filamentous Phages in the Marine Fish Pathogen Vibrio anguillarum. Viruses 2020; 12:v12070730. [PMID: 32640584 PMCID: PMC7412436 DOI: 10.3390/v12070730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Zonula occludens toxin (Zot) is a conserved protein in filamentous vibriophages and has been reported as a putative toxin in Vibrio cholerae. Recently, widespread distribution of zot-encoding prophages was found among marine Vibrio species, including environmental isolates. However, little is known about the dynamics of these prophages beyond V. cholerae. In this study, we characterized and quantified the zot-encoding filamentous phage VAIϕ, spontaneously induced from the fish pathogen V. anguillarum. VAIϕ contained 6117 bp encoding 11 ORFs, including ORF8pVAI, exhibiting 27%–73% amino acid identity to Inovirus Zot-like proteins. A qPCR method revealed an average of four VAIϕ genomes per host genome during host exponential growth phase, and PCR demonstrated dissemination of induced VAIϕ to other V. anguillarum strains through re-integration in non-lysogens. VAIϕ integrated into both chromosomes of V. anguillarum by recombination, causing changes in a putative ORF in the phage genome. Phylogenetic analysis of the V. anguillarumInoviridae elements revealed mosaic genome structures related to mainly V. cholerae. Altogether, this study contributes to the understanding of Inovirus infection dynamics and mobilization of zot-like genes beyond human pathogenic vibrios, and discusses their potential role in the evolution of the fish pathogen V. anguillarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Juel Mauritzen
- Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, 3000 Helsingør, Denmark; (J.J.M.); (D.C.)
| | - Daniel Castillo
- Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, 3000 Helsingør, Denmark; (J.J.M.); (D.C.)
| | - Demeng Tan
- Section for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 København N, Denmark; (D.T.); (S.L.S.)
| | - Sine Lo Svenningsen
- Section for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 København N, Denmark; (D.T.); (S.L.S.)
| | - Mathias Middelboe
- Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, 3000 Helsingør, Denmark; (J.J.M.); (D.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-35-32-19-91
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24
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Su H, Xiao Z, Yu K, Huang Q, Wang G, Wang Y, Liang J, Huang W, Huang X, Wei F, Chen B. Diversity of cultivable protease-producing bacteria and their extracellular proteases associated to scleractinian corals. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9055. [PMID: 32411529 PMCID: PMC7210813 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Protease-producing bacteria play a vital role in degrading organic nitrogen in marine environments. However, the diversity of the bacteria and extracellular proteases has seldom been addressed, especially in communities of coral reefs. In this study, 136 extracellular protease-producing bacterial strains were isolated from seven genera of scleractinian corals from Luhuitou fringing reef, and their protease types were characterized. The massive coral had more cultivable protease-producing bacteria than branching or foliose corals. The abundance of cultivable protease-producing bacteria reached 106 CFU g−1 of coral. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates were assigned to 24 genera, from which 20 corresponded to the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. Bacillus and Fictibacillus were retrieved from all coral samples. Moreover, Vibrio and Pseudovibrio were most prevalent in massive or foliose coral Platygyra and Montipora. In contrast, 11 genera were each identified in only one isolate. Nearly all the extracellular proteases from the bacteria were serine proteases or metalloproteases; 45.83% of isolates also released cysteine or aspartic proteases. These proteases had different hydrolytic ability against different substrates. This study represents a novel insight on the diversity of cultivable protease-producing bacteria and their extracellular proteases in scleractinian corals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Su
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhenlun Xiao
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Kefu Yu
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qinyu Huang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guanghua Wang
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiayuan Liang
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wen Huang
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xueyong Huang
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Fen Wei
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Biao Chen
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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25
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Xu D, Zhao Z, Zhou Z, Lin Y, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, li J, Mao F, Xiao S, Ma H, Zhiming X, Yu Z. Mechanistic molecular responses of the giant clam Tridacna crocea to Vibrio coralliilyticus challenge. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231399. [PMID: 32276269 PMCID: PMC7148125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio coralliilyticus is a pathogen of coral and mollusk, contributing to dramatic losses worldwide. In our study, we found that V. coralliilyticus challenge could directly affect adult Tridacna crocea survival; there were dead individuals appearing at 6 h post infection, and there were 45.56% and 56.78% mortality rates in challenged groups after 36 h of infection. The apoptosis rate of hemocytes was significantly increased by 1.8-fold at 6 h after V. coralliilyticus injection. To shed light on the mechanistic molecular responses of T. crocea to V. coralliilyticus infection, we used transcriptome sequencing analysis and other relevant techniques to analyze T. crocea hemocytes at 0 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after V. coralliilyticus challenge. Our results revealed that the total numbers of unigenes and DEGs were 195651 and 3446, respectively. Additional details were found by KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, where DEGs were significantly enriched in immune-related signaling pathways, such as the TLR signaling pathway, and some were associated with signaling related to apoptosis. Quantitative validation results illustrated that with exposure to V. coralliilyticus, the expression of TLR pathway members, TLR, MyD88, IRAK4, TRAF6, and IкB-α, were significantly upregulated (by 22.9-, 9.6-, 4.0-, 3.6-, and 3.9-fold, respectively) at 6 h. The cytokine-related gene IL-17 exhibited an increase of 6.3-fold and 10.5-fold at 3 h and 6 h, respectively. The apoptosis-related gene IAP1 was dramatically increased by 2.99-fold at 6 h. These results indicate that adult T. crocea could initiate the TLR pathway to resist V. coralliilyticus, which promotes the release of inflammatory factors such as IL-17 and leads to the activation of a series of outcomes, such as apoptosis. The response mechanism is related to the T. crocea immunoreaction stimulated by V. coralliilyticus, providing a theoretical basis for understanding T. crocea immune response mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zehui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zihua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuehuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Mao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zhiming
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (ZNY); (ZMX)
| | - Ziniu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (ZNY); (ZMX)
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26
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Nazar Pour F, Cobos R, Rubio Coque JJ, Serôdio J, Alves A, Félix C, Ferreira V, Esteves AC, Duarte AS. Toxicity of Recombinant Necrosis and Ethylene-Inducing Proteins (NLPs) from Neofusicoccum parvum. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E235. [PMID: 32272814 PMCID: PMC7232490 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12040235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neofusicoccum parvum is a fungal pathogen associated with a wide range of plant hosts. Despite being widely studied, the molecular mechanism of infection of N. parvum is still far from being understood. Analysis of N. parvum genome lead to the identification of six putative genes encoding necrosis and ethylene-inducing proteins (NLPs). The sequence of NLPs genes (NprvNep 1-6) were analyzed and four of the six NLP genes were successfully cloned, expressed in E. coli and purified by affinity chromatography. Pure recombinant proteins were characterized according to their phytotoxic and cytotoxic effects to tomato leaves and to mammalian Vero cells, respectively. These assays revealed that all NprvNeps tested are cytotoxic to Vero cells and also induce cell death in tomato leaves. NprvNep2 was the most toxic to Vero cells, followed by NprvNep1 and 3. NprvNep4 induced weaker, but, nevertheless, still significant toxic effects to Vero cells. A similar trend of toxicity was observed in tomato leaves: the most toxic was NprvNep 2 and the least toxic NprvNep 4. This study describes for the first time an overview of the NLP gene family of N. parvum and provides additional insights into its pathogenicity mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Nazar Pour
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (F.N.P.); (J.S.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (V.F.)
| | - Rebeca Cobos
- Instituto de Investigación de la Viña y el Vino (IIVV), Escuela de Ingeniería Agraria, Universidad de León, Avda. Portugal, 41, 24009 León, Spain; (R.C.); (J.J.R.C.)
| | - Juan José Rubio Coque
- Instituto de Investigación de la Viña y el Vino (IIVV), Escuela de Ingeniería Agraria, Universidad de León, Avda. Portugal, 41, 24009 León, Spain; (R.C.); (J.J.R.C.)
| | - João Serôdio
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (F.N.P.); (J.S.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (V.F.)
| | - Artur Alves
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (F.N.P.); (J.S.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (V.F.)
| | - Carina Félix
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (F.N.P.); (J.S.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (V.F.)
| | - Vanessa Ferreira
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (F.N.P.); (J.S.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (V.F.)
| | - Ana Cristina Esteves
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Estrada da Circunvalação, 3504-505 Viseu, Spain;
| | - Ana Sofia Duarte
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Estrada da Circunvalação, 3504-505 Viseu, Spain;
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27
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Silveira CB, Coutinho FH, Cavalcanti GS, Benler S, Doane MP, Dinsdale EA, Edwards RA, Francini-Filho RB, Thompson CC, Luque A, Rohwer FL, Thompson F. Genomic and ecological attributes of marine bacteriophages encoding bacterial virulence genes. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:126. [PMID: 32024463 PMCID: PMC7003362 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6523-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacteriophages encode genes that modify bacterial functions during infection. The acquisition of phage-encoded virulence genes is a major mechanism for the rise of bacterial pathogens. In coral reefs, high bacterial density and lysogeny has been proposed to exacerbate reef decline through the transfer of phage-encoded virulence genes. However, the functions and distribution of these genes in phage virions on the reef remain unknown. Results Here, over 28,000 assembled viral genomes from the free viral community in Atlantic and Pacific Ocean coral reefs were queried against a curated database of virulence genes. The diversity of virulence genes encoded in the viral genomes was tested for relationships with host taxonomy and bacterial density in the environment. These analyses showed that bacterial density predicted the profile of virulence genes encoded by phages. The Shannon diversity of virulence-encoding phages was negatively related with bacterial density, leading to dominance of fewer genes at high bacterial abundances. A statistical learning analysis showed that reefs with high microbial density were enriched in viruses encoding genes enabling bacterial recognition and invasion of metazoan epithelium. Over 60% of phages could not have their hosts identified due to limitations of host prediction tools; for those which hosts were identified, host taxonomy was not an indicator of the presence of virulence genes. Conclusions This study described bacterial virulence factors encoded in the genomes of bacteriophages at the community level. The results showed that the increase in microbial densities that occurs during coral reef degradation is associated with a change in the genomic repertoire of bacteriophages, specifically in the diversity and distribution of bacterial virulence genes. This suggests that phages are implicated in the rise of pathogens in disturbed marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia B Silveira
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA. .,Viral Information Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA. .,Department of Biology, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Dr., Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA.
| | - Felipe H Coutinho
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal y Microbiología, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Apartado 18, 03550, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Giselle S Cavalcanti
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.,Viral Information Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Sean Benler
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.,Viral Information Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Michael P Doane
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.,Viral Information Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.,Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Dinsdale
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.,Viral Information Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Robert A Edwards
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.,Viral Information Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Ronaldo B Francini-Filho
- Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo, Rodovia Manoel Hypólito do Rego, Km 131,50, São Sebastião, SP, 11600-000, Brazil
| | - Cristiane C Thompson
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941- 599, Brazil
| | - Antoni Luque
- Viral Information Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.,Computational Science Research Center, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Forest L Rohwer
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.,Viral Information Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Fabiano Thompson
- SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941- 599, Brazil
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A Zeaxanthin-Producing Bacterium Isolated from the Algal Phycosphere Protects Coral Endosymbionts from Environmental Stress. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.01019-19. [PMID: 31964724 PMCID: PMC6974559 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01019-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Occupying less than 1% of the seas, coral reefs are estimated to harbor ∼25% of all marine species. However, the destruction of coral reefs has intensified in the face of global climate changes, such as rising seawater temperatures, which induce the overproduction of reactive oxygen species harmful to corals. Although reef-building corals form complex consortia with bacteria and photosynthetic endosymbiotic algae of the family Symbiodiniaceae, the functional roles of coral-associated bacteria remain largely elusive. By manipulating the Symbiodiniaceae bacterial community, we demonstrated that a bacterium that produces an antioxidant carotenoid could mitigate thermal and light stresses in cultured Symbiodiniaceae isolated from a reef-building coral. Therefore, this study illuminates the unexplored roles of coral-associated bacteria under stressful conditions. Reef-building corals form a complex consortium with photosynthetic algae in the family Symbiodiniaceae and bacteria, collectively termed the coral holobiont. These bacteria are hypothesized to be involved in the stress resistance of the coral holobiont, but their functional roles remain largely elusive. Here, we show that cultured Symbiodiniaceae algae isolated from the reef-building coral Galaxea fascicularis are associated with novel bacteria affiliated with the family Flavobacteriaceae. Antibiotic treatment eliminated the bacteria from cultured Symbiodiniaceae, resulting in a decreased maximum quantum yield of PSII (variable fluorescence divided by maximum fluorescence [Fv/Fm]) and an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under thermal and light stresses. We then isolated this bacterial strain, named GF1. GF1 inoculation in the antibiotic-treated Symbiodiniaceae cultures restored the Fv/Fm and reduced the ROS production. Furthermore, we found that GF1 produces the carotenoid zeaxanthin, which possesses potent antioxidant activity. Zeaxanthin supplementation to cultured Symbiodiniaceae ameliorated the Fv/Fm and ROS production, suggesting that GF1 mitigates thermal and light stresses in cultured Symbiodiniaceae via zeaxanthin production. These findings could advance our understanding of the roles of bacteria in Symbiodiniaceae and the coral holobiont, thereby contributing to the development of novel approaches toward coral protection through the use of symbiotic bacteria and their metabolites.
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Miura N, Motone K, Takagi T, Aburaya S, Watanabe S, Aoki W, Ueda M. Ruegeria sp. Strains Isolated from the Reef-Building Coral Galaxea fascicularis Inhibit Growth of the Temperature-Dependent Pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 21:1-8. [PMID: 30194504 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-018-9853-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The coral microbiome has attracted increased attention because of its potential roles in host protection against deadly diseases. However, little is known about the role of coral-associated bacteria against the temperature-dependent opportunistic pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus. In this study, we tested whether bacteria associated with the reef-building coral Galaxea fascicularis could inhibit the growth of V. coralliilyticus. Twenty-nine cultivable bacteria were successfully isolated from a healthy colony of G. fascicularis kept in an aquarium. Among the bacterial isolates, three Ruegeria sp. strains inhibited the growth of V. coralliilyticus P1 as a reference strain and Vibrio sp. isolated in this study. Ruegeria sp. strains were also detected from other G. fascicularis colonies in the aquarium and in previous field studies by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, suggesting that Ruegeria sp. strains are common among G. fascicularis colonies. These results illuminate the potential role of Ruegeria sp. in protecting corals against pathogenic Vibrio species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Miura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Motone
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takagi
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8564, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Aburaya
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Watanabe
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Wataru Aoki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Ueda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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The Probiotic Bacterium Phaeobacter inhibens Downregulates Virulence Factor Transcription in the Shellfish Pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus by N-Acyl Homoserine Lactone Production. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.01545-18. [PMID: 30389771 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01545-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Phaeobacter inhibens S4Sm acts as a probiotic bacterium against the oyster pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus Here, we report that P. inhibens S4Sm secretes three molecules that downregulate the transcription of major virulence factors, metalloprotease genes, in V. coralliilyticus cultures. The effects of the S4Sm culture supernatant on the transcription of three genes involved in protease activity, namely, vcpA, vcpB, and vcpR (encoding metalloproteases A and B and their transcriptional regulator, respectively), were examined by reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). The expression of vcpB and vcpR were reduced to 36% and 6.6%, respectively, compared to that in an untreated control. We constructed a V. coralliilyticus green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter strain to detect the activity of inhibitory compounds. Using a bioassay-guided approach, the molecules responsible for V. coralliilyticus protease inhibition activity were isolated from S4Sm supernatant and identified as three N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs). The three AHLs are N-(3-hydroxydecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone, N-(dodecanoyl-2,5-diene)-l-homoserine lactone, and N-(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-7-ene)-l-homoserine lactone, and their half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) against V. coralliilyticus protease activity were 0.26 μM, 3.7 μM, and 2.9 μM, respectively. Our qRT-PCR data demonstrated that exposures to the individual AHLs reduced the transcription of vcpR and vcpB Combinations of the three AHLs (any two or all three AHLs) on V. coralliilyticus produced additive effects on protease inhibition activity. These AHL compounds may contribute to the host protective effects of S4Sm by disrupting the quorum sensing pathway that activates protease transcription of V. coralliilyticus IMPORTANCE Probiotics represent a promising alternative strategy to control infection and disease caused by marine pathogens of aquaculturally important species. Generally, the beneficial effects of probiotics include improved water quality, control of pathogenic bacteria and their virulence, stimulation of the immune system, and improved animal growth. Previously, we isolated a probiotic bacterium, Phaeobacter inhibens S4Sm, which protects oyster larvae from Vibrio coralliilyticus RE22Sm infection. We also demonstrated that both antibiotic secretion and biofilm formation play important roles in S4Sm probiotic activity. Here, we report that P. inhibens S4Sm, an alphaproteobacterium and member of the Roseobacter clade, also secretes secondary metabolites that hijack the quorum sensing ability of V. coralliilyticus RE22Sm, suppressing virulence gene expression. This finding demonstrates that probiotic bacteria can exert their host protection by using a multipronged array of behaviors that limit the ability of pathogens to become established and cause infection.
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31
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Balbi T, Auguste M, Cortese K, Montagna M, Borello A, Pruzzo C, Vezzulli L, Canesi L. Responses of Mytilus galloprovincialis to challenge with the emerging marine pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:352-360. [PMID: 30300739 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio coralliilyticus has emerged as a coral pathogen of concern throughout the Indo-Pacific reef. The interest towards understanding its ecology and pathogenic potential has increased since V. coralliilyticus was shown to be strongly virulent also for other species; in particular, it represents a serious threat for bivalve aquaculture, being one of the most important emerging pathogen responsible for oyster larval mortalities worldwide. V. coralliilyticus has a tightly regulated temperature-dependent virulence and it has been related to mass mortalities events of benthic invertebrates also in the temperate northwestern Mediterranean Sea. However, no data are available on the effects of V. coralliilyticus in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, the most abundant aquacultured species in this area. In this work, responses of M. galloprovincialis to challenge with V. coralliilyticus (ATCC BAA-450) were investigated. In vitro, short term responses of mussel hemocytes were evaluated in terms of lysosomal membrane stability, bactericidal activity, lysozyme release, ROS and NO production, and ultrastructural changes, evaluated by TEM. In vivo, hemolymph parameters were measured in mussels challenged with V. coralliilyticus at 24h p.i. Moreover, the effects of V. coralliilyticus on mussel early embryo development (at 48 hpf) were evaluated. The results show that both in vitro and in vivo, mussels were unable to activate immune response towards V. coralliilyticus, and that challenge mainly induced lysosomal stress in the hemocytes. Moreover, V. coralliilyticus showed a strong and concentration-dependent embryotoxicity. Overall, the results indicate that, although M. galloprovincialis is considered a resistant species to vibrio infections, the emerging pathogen V. coralliilyticus can represent a potential threat to mussel aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Balbi
- Dept. of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Italy.
| | - Manon Auguste
- Dept. of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Katia Cortese
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Montagna
- Dept. of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessio Borello
- Dept. of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Carla Pruzzo
- Dept. of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Luigi Vezzulli
- Dept. of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Canesi
- Dept. of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Italy
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32
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Vibrio coralliilyticus infection triggers a behavioural response and perturbs nutritional exchange and tissue integrity in a symbiotic coral. ISME JOURNAL 2018; 13:989-1003. [PMID: 30542077 PMCID: PMC6462045 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0327-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Under homoeostatic conditions, the relationship between the coral Pocillopora damicornis and Vibrio coralliilyticus is commensal. An increase in temperature, or in the abundance of V. coralliilyticus, can turn this association pathogenic, causing tissue lysis, expulsion of the corals’ symbiotic algae (genus Symbiodinium), and eventually coral death. Using a combination of microfluidics, fluorescence microscopy, stable isotopes, electron microscopy and NanoSIMS isotopic imaging, we provide insights into the onset and progression of V. coralliilyticus infection in the daytime and at night, at the tissue and (sub-)cellular level. The objective of our study was to connect the macro-scale behavioural response of the coral to the micro-scale nutritional interactions that occur between the host and its symbiont. In the daytime, polyps enhanced their mucus production, and actively spewed pathogens. Vibrio infection primarily resulted in the formation of tissue lesions in the coenosarc. NanoSIMS analysis revealed infection reduced 13C-assimilation in Symbiodinium, but increased 13C-assimilation in the host. In the night incubations, no mucus spewing was observed, and a mucus film was formed on the coral surface. Vibrio inoculation and infection at night showed reduced 13C-turnover in Symbiodinium, but did not impact host 13C-turnover. Our results show that both the nutritional interactions that occur between the two symbiotic partners and the behavioural response of the host organism play key roles in determining the progression and severity of host-pathogen interactions. More generally, our approach provides a new means of studying interactions (ranging from behavioural to metabolic scales) between partners involved in complex holobiont systems, under both homoeostatic and pathogenic conditions.
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Jacquemot L, Bettarel Y, Monjol J, Corre E, Halary S, Desnues C, Bouvier T, Ferrier-Pagès C, Baudoux AC. Therapeutic Potential of a New Jumbo Phage That Infects Vibrio coralliilyticus, a Widespread Coral Pathogen. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2501. [PMID: 30405564 PMCID: PMC6207643 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological control using bacteriophages is a promising approach for mitigating the devastating effects of coral diseases. Several phages that infect Vibrio coralliilyticus, a widespread coral pathogen, have been isolated, suggesting that this bacterium is permissive to viral infection and is, therefore, a suitable candidate for treatment by phage therapy. In this study, we combined functional and genomic approaches to evaluate the therapeutic potential of BONAISHI, a novel V. coralliilyticus phage, which was isolated from the coral reef in Van Phong Bay (Vietnam). BONAISHI appears to be strictly lytic for several pathogenic strains of V. coralliilyticus and remains infectious over a broad range of environmental conditions. This candidate has an unusually large dsDNA genome (303 kb), with no genes that encode known toxins or implicated in lysogeny control. We identified several proteins involved in host lysis, which may offer an interesting alternative to the use of whole bacteriophages for controlling V. coralliilyticus. A preliminary therapy test showed that adding BONAISHI to an infected culture of Symbiodinium sp. cells reduced the impact of V. coralliilyticus on Symbiodinium sp. photosynthetic activity. This study showed that BONAISHI is able to mitigate V. coralliilyticus infections, making it a good candidate for phage therapy for coral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Jacquemot
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Paris 06, CNRS, UMR7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Yvan Bettarel
- MARBEC, Université Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Ifremer, Montpellier, France
| | - Joanne Monjol
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Paris 06, CNRS, UMR7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Erwan Corre
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Paris 06, CNRS, FR2424 Fédération de Recherche, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Sébastien Halary
- Aix Marseille Université, Microbes, Evolution Phylogeny and infection (MEPHI), CNRS FRE2013, IRD 198, AP-HM, IHU - Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Christelle Desnues
- Aix Marseille Université, Microbes, Evolution Phylogeny and infection (MEPHI), CNRS FRE2013, IRD 198, AP-HM, IHU - Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Thierry Bouvier
- MARBEC, Université Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Ifremer, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Anne-Claire Baudoux
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Paris 06, CNRS, UMR7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
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Ushijima B, Richards GP, Watson MA, Schubiger CB, Häse CC. Factors affecting infection of corals and larval oysters by Vibrio coralliilyticus. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199475. [PMID: 29920567 PMCID: PMC6007914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterium Vibrio coralliilyticus can threaten vital reef ecosystems by causing disease in a variety of coral genera, and, for some strains, increases in virulence at elevated water temperatures. In addition, strains of V. coralliilyticus (formally identified as V. tubiashii) have been implicated in mass mortalities of shellfish larvae causing significant economic losses to the shellfish industry. Recently, strain BAA-450, a coral pathogen, was demonstrated to be virulent towards larval Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas). However, it is unclear whether other coral-associated V. coralliilyticus strains can cause shellfish mortalities and if infections are influenced by temperature. This study compared dose dependence, temperature impact, and gross pathology of four V. coralliilyticus strains (BAA-450, OCN008, OCN014 and RE98) on larval C. gigas raised at 23°C and 27°C, and evaluated whether select virulence factors are required for shellfish infections as they are for corals. All strains were infectious to larval oysters in a dose-dependent manner with OCN014 being the most pathogenic and BAA-450 being the least. At 27°C, higher larval mortalities (p < 0.05) were observed for all V. coralliilyticus strains, ranging from 38.8−93.7%. Gross pathological changes to the velum and cilia occurred in diseased larvae, but there were no distinguishable differences between oysters exposed to different V. coralliilyticus strains or temperatures. Additionally, in OCN008, the predicted transcriptional regulator ToxR and the outer membrane protein OmpU were important for coral and oyster disease, while mannose sensitive hemagglutinin type IV pili were required only for coral infection. This study demonstrated that multiple coral pathogens can infect oyster larvae in a temperature-dependent manner and identified virulence factors required for infection of both hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake Ushijima
- Oregon State University, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Gary P Richards
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Dover, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Michael A Watson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Dover, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Carla B Schubiger
- Oregon State University, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Claudia C Häse
- Oregon State University, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
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Gibbin E, Gavish A, Domart-Coulon I, Kramarsky-Winter E, Shapiro O, Meibom A, Vardi A. Using NanoSIMS coupled with microfluidics to visualize the early stages of coral infection by Vibrio coralliilyticus. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:39. [PMID: 29678140 PMCID: PMC5910561 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Global warming has triggered an increase in the prevalence and severity of coral disease, yet little is known about coral/pathogen interactions in the early stages of infection. The point of entry of the pathogen and the route that they take once inside the polyp is currently unknown, as is the coral’s capacity to respond to infection. To address these questions, we developed a novel method that combines stable isotope labelling and microfluidics with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS), to monitor the infection process between Pocillopora damicornis and Vibrio coralliilyticus under elevated temperature. Results Three coral fragments were inoculated with 15N-labeled V. coralliilyticus and then fixed at 2.5, 6 and 22 h post-inoculation (hpi) according to the virulence of the infection. Correlative TEM/NanoSIMS imaging was subsequently used to visualize the penetration and dispersal of V. coralliilyticus and their degradation or secretion products. Most of the V. coralliilyticus cells we observed were located in the oral epidermis of the fragment that experienced the most virulent infection (2.5 hpi). In some cases, these bacteria were enclosed within electron dense host-derived intracellular vesicles. 15N-enriched pathogen-derived breakdown products were visible in all tissue layers of the coral polyp (oral epidermis, oral gastrodermis, aboral gastrodermis), at all time points, although the relative 15N-enrichment depended on the time at which the corals were fixed. Tissues in the mesentery filaments had the highest density of 15N-enriched hotspots, suggesting these tissues act as a “collection and digestion” site for pathogenic bacteria. Closer examination of the sub-cellular structures associated with these 15N-hotspots revealed these to be host phagosomal and secretory cells/vesicles. Conclusions This study provides a novel method for tracking bacterial infection dynamics at the levels of the tissue and single cell and takes the first steps towards understanding the complexities of infection at the microscale, which is a crucial step towards understanding how corals will fare under global warming. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1173-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gibbin
- Laboratory for Biological Geochemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - A Gavish
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - I Domart-Coulon
- Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, MCAM UMR7245CNRS-MNHN, Paris, France
| | | | - O Shapiro
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Volcani Center for Agricultural Research, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - A Meibom
- Laboratory for Biological Geochemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Center for Advanced Surface Analysis, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Vardi
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Environmental Controls of Oyster-Pathogenic Vibrio spp. in Oregon Estuaries and a Shellfish Hatchery. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.02156-17. [PMID: 29475863 PMCID: PMC5930336 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02156-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio spp. have been a persistent concern for coastal bivalve hatcheries, which are vulnerable to environmental pathogens in the seawater used for rearing larvae, yet the biogeochemical drivers of oyster-pathogenic Vibrio spp. in their planktonic state are poorly understood. Here, we present data tracking oyster-pathogenic Vibrio bacteria in Netarts Bay and Yaquina Bay in Oregon, USA, as well as in adjacent coastal waters and a local shellfish hatchery, through the 2015 upwelling season. Vibrio populations were quantified using a culture-independent approach of high-throughput Vibrio-specific 16S rRNA gene sequencing paired with droplet digital PCR, and abundances were analyzed in the context of local biogeochemistry. The most abundant putative pathogen in our samples was Vibrio coralliilyticus. Environmental concentrations of total Vibrio spp. and V. coralliilyticus were highest in Netarts Bay sediment samples and higher in seawater from Netarts Bay than from nearshore coastal waters or Yaquina Bay. In Netarts Bay, the highest V. coralliilyticus concentrations were observed during low tide, and abundances increased throughout the summer. We hypothesize that the warm shallow waters in estuarine mudflats facilitate the local growth of the V. coralliilyticus pathogen. Samples from larval oyster tanks in Whiskey Creek Shellfish Hatchery, which uses seawater pumped directly from Netarts Bay, contained significantly lower total Vibrio species concentrations, but roughly similar V. coralliilyticus concentrations, than did the bay water, resulting in a 30-fold increase in the relative abundance of the V. coralliilyticus pathogen in hatchery tanks. This suggests that the V. coralliilyticus pathogen is able to grow or persist under hatchery conditions. IMPORTANCE It has been argued that oyster-pathogenic Vibrio spp. have contributed to recent mortality events in U.S. shellfish hatcheries (R. A. Elston, H. Hasegawa, K. L. Humphrey, I. K. Polyak, and C. Häse, Dis Aquat Organ 82:119–134, 2008, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao01982); however, these events are often sporadic and unpredictable. The success of hatcheries is critically linked to the chemical and biological composition of inflowing seawater resources; thus, it is pertinent to understand the biogeochemical drivers of oyster-pathogenic Vibrio spp. in their planktonic state. Here, we show that Netarts Bay, the location of a local hatchery, is enriched in oyster-pathogenic V. coralliilyticus compared to coastal seawater, and we hypothesize that conditions in tidal flats promote the local growth of this pathogen. Furthermore, V. coralliilyticus appears to persist in seawater pumped into the local hatchery. These results improve our understanding of the ecology and environmental controls of the V. coralliilyticus pathogen and could be used to improve future aquaculture efforts, as multiple stressors impact hatchery success.
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Guarnieri MC, de Albuquerque Modesto JC, Pérez CD, Ottaiano TF, Ferreira RDS, Batista FP, de Brito MV, Campos IHMP, Oliva MLV. Zoanthid mucus as new source of useful biologically active proteins. Toxicon 2018; 143:96-107. [PMID: 29360533 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Palythoa caribaeorum is a very common colonial zoanthid in the coastal reefs of Brazil. It is known for its massive production of mucus, which is traditionally used in folk medicine by fishermen in northeastern Brazil. This study identified biologically active compounds in P. caribaerum mucus. Crude mucus was collected during low tides by the manual scraping of colonies; samples were maintained in an ice bath, homogenized, and centrifuged at 16,000 g for 1 h at 4 °C; the supernatant (mucus) was kept at -80 °C until use. The enzymatic (proteolytic and phospholipase A2), inhibitory (metallo, cysteine and serine proteases), and hemagglutinating (human erythrocyte) activities were determined. The results showed high levels of cysteine and metallo proteases, intermediate levels of phosholipase A2, low levels of trypsin, and no elastase and chymotrypsin like activities. The mucus showed potent inhibitory activity on snake venom metalloproteases and cysteine proteinase papain. In addition, it showed agglutinating activity towards O+, B+, and A+ erythrocyte types. The hemostatic results showed that the mucus prolongs the aPTT and PT, and strongly inhibited platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid, collagen, epinephrine, ADP, and thrombin. The antimicrobial activity was tested on 15 strains of bacteria and fungi through the radial diffusion assay in agar, and no activity was observed. Compounds in P. caribaeorum mucus were analyzed for the first time in this study, and our results show potential pharmacological activities in these compounds, which are relevant for use in physiopathological investigations. However, the demonstration of these activities indicates caution in the use of crude mucus in folk medicine. Furthermore, the present or absent activities identified in this mucus suggest that the studied P. caribaeorum colonies were in thermal stress conditions at the time of sample collection; these conditions may precede the bleaching process in zoanthids. Hence, the use of mucus as an indicator of this process should be evaluated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Míriam Camargo Guarnieri
- Department of Zoology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof Moraes Rego 1235, CEP 50670-901, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil; Biochemistry Department, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Três de maio 100, CEP 04044-020, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jeanne Claíne de Albuquerque Modesto
- Vitória Academic Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Rua Alto do Reservatório, s/n, CEP 55608-680, Bela Vista, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Daniel Pérez
- Vitória Academic Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Rua Alto do Reservatório, s/n, CEP 55608-680, Bela Vista, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil.
| | - Tatiana Fontes Ottaiano
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Três de maio 100, CEP 04044-020, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo da Silva Ferreira
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Três de maio 100, CEP 04044-020, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fabrício Pereira Batista
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Três de maio 100, CEP 04044-020, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marlon Vilela de Brito
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Três de maio 100, CEP 04044-020, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ikaro Henrique Mendes Pinto Campos
- Department of Zoology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof Moraes Rego 1235, CEP 50670-901, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Maria Luiza Vilela Oliva
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Três de maio 100, CEP 04044-020, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Abundance and Multilocus Sequence Analysis of Vibrio Bacteria Associated with Diseased Elkhorn Coral (Acropora palmata) of the Florida Keys. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.01035-17. [PMID: 29079623 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01035-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The critically endangered elkhorn coral (Acropora palmata) is affected by white pox disease (WPX) throughout the Florida Reef Tract and wider Caribbean. The bacterium Serratia marcescens was previously identified as one etiologic agent of WPX but is no longer consistently detected in contemporary outbreaks. It is now believed that multiple etiologic agents cause WPX; however, to date, no other potential pathogens have been thoroughly investigated. This study examined the association of Vibrio bacteria with WPX occurrence from August 2012 to 2014 at Looe Key Reef in the Florida Keys, USA. The concentration of cultivable Vibrio was consistently greater in WPX samples than in healthy samples. The abundance of Vibrio bacteria relative to total bacteria was four times higher in samples from WPX lesions than in adjacent apparently healthy regions of diseased corals based on quantitative PCR (qPCR). Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) was used to assess the diversity of 69 Vibrio isolates collected from diseased and apparently healthy A. palmata colonies and the surrounding seawater. Vibrio species with known pathogenicity to corals were detected in both apparently healthy and diseased samples. While the causative agent(s) of contemporary WPX outbreaks remains elusive, our results suggest that Vibrio spp. may be part of a nonspecific heterotrophic bacterial bloom rather than acting as primary pathogens. This study highlights the need for highly resolved temporal sampling in situ to further elucidate the role of Vibrio during WPX onset and progression.IMPORTANCE Coral diseases are increasing worldwide and are now considered a major contributor to coral reef decline. In particular, the Caribbean has been noted as a coral disease hot spot, owing to the dramatic loss of framework-building acroporid corals due to tissue loss diseases. The pathogenesis of contemporary white pox disease (WPX) outbreaks in Acropora palmata remains poorly understood. This study investigates the association of Vibrio bacteria with WPX.
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Certner RH, Vollmer SV. Inhibiting bacterial quorum sensing arrests coral disease development and disease‐associated microbes. Environ Microbiol 2017; 20:645-657. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca H. Certner
- Department of Marine and Environmental SciencesNortheastern University, 430 Nahant RoadNahantMA 01908 USA
| | - Steven V. Vollmer
- Department of Marine and Environmental SciencesNortheastern University, 430 Nahant RoadNahantMA 01908 USA
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Chimetto Tonon LA, Thompson JR, Moreira APB, Garcia GD, Penn K, Lim R, Berlinck RGS, Thompson CC, Thompson FL. Quantitative Detection of Active Vibrios Associated with White Plague Disease in Mussismilia braziliensis Corals. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2272. [PMID: 29204142 PMCID: PMC5698304 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over recent decades several coral diseases have been reported as a significant threat to coral reef ecosystems causing the decline of corals cover and diversity around the world. The development of techniques that improve the ability to detect and quantify microbial agents involved in coral disease will aid in the elucidation of disease cause, facilitating coral disease detection and diagnosis, identification and pathogen monitoring, pathogen sources, vectors, and reservoirs. The genus Vibrio is known to harbor pathogenic strains to marine organisms. One of the best-characterized coral pathogens is Vibrio coralliilyticus, an aetilogic agent of White Plague Disease (WPD). We used Mussismilia coral tissue (healthy and diseased specimens) to develop a rapid reproducible detection system for vibrios based on RT-QPCR and SYBR chemistry. We were able to detect total vibrios in expressed RNA targeting the 16S rRNA gene at 5.23 × 106 copies/μg RNA and V. coralliilyticus targeting the pyrH gene at 5.10 × 103 copies/μg RNA in coral tissue. Detection of V. coralliilyticus in diseased and in healthy samples suggests that WPD in the Abrolhos Bank may be caused by a consortium of microorganism and not only a single pathogen. We developed a more practical and economic system compared with probe uses for the real-time detection and quantification of vibrios from coral tissues by using the 16S rRNA and pyrH gene. This qPCR assay is a reliable tool for the monitoring of coral pathogens, and can be useful to prevent, control, or reduce impacts in this ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciane A Chimetto Tonon
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Biological Systems, Chemical Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil.,Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, SAGE-COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Janelle R Thompson
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ana P B Moreira
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, SAGE-COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gizele D Garcia
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kevin Penn
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Rachelle Lim
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Roberto G S Berlinck
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Biological Systems, Chemical Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Cristiane C Thompson
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, SAGE-COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabiano L Thompson
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, SAGE-COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Mera H, Bourne DG. Disentangling causation: complex roles of coral-associated microorganisms in disease. Environ Microbiol 2017; 20:431-449. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanaka Mera
- College of Science and Engineering; James Cook University; Townsville Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - David G. Bourne
- College of Science and Engineering; James Cook University; Townsville Queensland 4811, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science; PMB 3, Townsville, Queensland 4810 Australia
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Raina JB, Clode PL, Cheong S, Bougoure J, Kilburn MR, Reeder A, Forêt S, Stat M, Beltran V, Thomas-Hall P, Tapiolas D, Motti CM, Gong B, Pernice M, Marjo CE, Seymour JR, Willis BL, Bourne DG. Subcellular tracking reveals the location of dimethylsulfoniopropionate in microalgae and visualises its uptake by marine bacteria. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28371617 PMCID: PMC5380433 DOI: 10.7554/elife.23008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoplankton-bacteria interactions drive the surface ocean sulfur cycle and local climatic processes through the production and exchange of a key compound: dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP). Despite their large-scale implications, these interactions remain unquantified at the cellular-scale. Here we use secondary-ion mass spectrometry to provide the first visualization of DMSP at sub-cellular levels, tracking the fate of a stable sulfur isotope (34S) from its incorporation by microalgae as inorganic sulfate to its biosynthesis and exudation as DMSP, and finally its uptake and degradation by bacteria. Our results identify for the first time the storage locations of DMSP in microalgae, with high enrichments present in vacuoles, cytoplasm and chloroplasts. In addition, we quantify DMSP incorporation at the single-cell level, with DMSP-degrading bacteria containing seven times more 34S than the control strain. This study provides an unprecedented methodology to label, retain, and image small diffusible molecules, which can be transposable to other symbiotic systems. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.23008.001 Sulfur is an essential element for many organisms and environmental processes. Every year, organisms including microalgae produce more than one billion tons of a sulfur-containing compound called DMSP. Some of this DMSP is released into seawater, where it acts as a key nutrient for microscopic organisms and as a foraging cue to attract fish. DMSP is also the precursor of a gas that helps to form clouds. Despite DMSP’s potential large-scale effects, it is still not clear what role it plays in the organisms that produce it, or how it is transferred from the microalgae that produce it to the bacteria that use it. It is thought that DMSP could potentially protect the cells from sudden changes in the amount of salt in the seawater (salinity) or from other damage, such as oxidative stress – a build-up of harmful chemicals inside cells. In a controlled setting using artificial seawater, Raina et al. used high-resolution imaging and chemical analysis to track the journey of DMSP from microalgae to recipient bacteria. The results show that similar to land plants, algae store DMSP in the compartments that regulate cell pressure and photosynthesis. The presence of DMSP in these locations also supports its proposed role in protecting cells from changes in salinity or oxidative damage. A future step will be to identify the genes involved in producing DMSP in microalgae. This knowledge could be used to create mutants that are either incapable of producing this molecule or that overproduce it. In combination with the high-resolution imaging techniques described here, this will allow researchers to fully understand the role that DMSP plays in these organisms. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.23008.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Raina
- AIMS@JCU, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.,Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia.,Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Peta L Clode
- The Centre for Microscopy Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.,Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Soshan Cheong
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - Jeremy Bougoure
- The Centre for Microscopy Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.,School of Earth and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Matt R Kilburn
- The Centre for Microscopy Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Anthony Reeder
- The Centre for Microscopy Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Sylvain Forêt
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.,Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Michael Stat
- Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Victor Beltran
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia
| | | | - Dianne Tapiolas
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia
| | - Cherie M Motti
- AIMS@JCU, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.,Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia
| | - Bill Gong
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - Mathieu Pernice
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher E Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - Justin R Seymour
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bette L Willis
- AIMS@JCU, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - David G Bourne
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia.,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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Garcia GD, Santos EDO, Sousa GV, Zingali RB, Thompson CC, Thompson FL. Metaproteomics reveals metabolic transitions between healthy and diseased stony coral Mussismilia braziliensis. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:4632-44. [PMID: 27492757 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases such as white plague syndrome (WPS) and black band disease (BBD) have caused massive coral loss worldwide. We performed a metaproteomic study on the Abrolhos coral Mussismilia braziliensis to define the types of proteins expressed in healthy corals compared to WPS- and BBD-affected corals. A total of 6363 MS/MS spectra were identified as 361 different proteins. Healthy corals had a set of proteins that may be considered markers of holobiont homoeostasis, including tubulin, histone, Rab family, ribosomal, peridinin-chlorophyll a-binding protein, F0F1-type ATP synthase, alpha-iG protein, calmodulin and ADP-ribosylation factor. Cnidaria proteins found in healthy M. braziliensis were associated with Cnidaria-Symbiodinium endosymbiosis and included chaperones (hsp70, hsp90 and calreticulin), structural and membrane modelling proteins (actin) and proteins with functions related to intracellular vesicular traffic (Rab7 and ADP-ribosylation factor 1) and signal transduction (14-3-3 protein and calmodulin). WPS resulted in a clear shift in the predominance of proteins, from those related to aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria (i.e. Rhizobiales, Sphingomonadales and Actinomycetales) in healthy corals to those produced by facultative/anaerobic sulphate-reducing bacteria (i.e. Enterobacteriales, Alteromonadales, Clostridiales and Bacteroidetes) in WPS corals. BBD corals developed a diverse community dominated by cyanobacteria and sulphur cycle bacteria. Hsp60, hsp90 and adenosylhomocysteinase proteins were produced mainly by cyanobacteria in BBD corals, which is consistent with elevated oxidative stress in hydrogen sulphide- and cyanotoxin-rich environments. This study demonstrates the usefulness of metaproteomics for gaining better comprehension of coral metabolic status in health and disease, especially in reef systems such as the Abrolhos that are suffering from the increase in global and local threatening events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizele D Garcia
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Fo. SN., Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21941-902, Brasil
| | - Eidy de O Santos
- Divisão de Metrologia Aplicada às Ciências da Vida (DIMAV), Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMETRO), Av. Nossa Senhora das Graças, 50, Xerém Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 25250-020, Brasil.,Unidade de Biologia, Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste (UEZO), Av. Manoel Caldeira de Alvarenga, 1203, Campo Grande, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 23070200, Brasil
| | - Gabriele V Sousa
- Divisão de Metrologia Aplicada às Ciências da Vida (DIMAV), Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMETRO), Av. Nossa Senhora das Graças, 50, Xerém Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 25250-020, Brasil
| | - Russolina B Zingali
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Fo. SN, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP21941-902, Brasil
| | - Cristiane C Thompson
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Fo. SN., Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21941-902, Brasil
| | - Fabiano L Thompson
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Fo. SN., Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21941-902, Brasil. .,Laboratório de Sistemas Avançados de Gestão da Produção (SAGE), COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rua Moniz de Aragão, no.360 - Bloco 2, Ilha do Fundão - Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21.941-972, Brasil.
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Ushijima B, Videau P, Poscablo D, Stengel JW, Beurmann S, Burger AH, Aeby GS, Callahan SM. Mutation of the toxR or mshA genes from Vibrio coralliilyticus strain OCN014 reduces infection of the coral Acropora cytherea. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:4055-4067. [PMID: 27348808 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Thermal stress increases the incidence of coral disease, which is predicted to become more common with climate change, even on pristine reefs such as those surrounding Palmyra Atoll in the Northern Line Islands that experience minimal anthropogenic stress. Here we describe a strain of Vibrio coralliilyticus, OCN014, which was isolated from Acropora cytherea during an outbreak of Acropora white syndrome (AWS), a tissue loss disease that infected 25% of the A. cytherea population at Palmyra Atoll in 2009. OCN014 recreated signs of disease in experimentally infected corals in a temperature-dependent manner. Genes in OCN014 with expression levels positively correlated with temperature were identified using a transposon-mediated genetic screen. Mutant strains harbouring transposon insertions in two such genes, toxR (a toxin regulator) and mshA (the 11th gene of the 16-gene mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (MSHA) type IV pilus operon), had reduced infectivity of A. cytherea. Deletion of toxR and the MSHA operon in a second strain of V. coralliilyticus, OCN008, that induces acute Montipora white syndrome in a temperature-independent manner had similarly reduced virulence. This work provides a link between temperature-dependent expression of virulence factors in a pathogen and infection of its coral host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake Ushijima
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.,Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, Kāne'ohe, HI, 96744, USA
| | - Patrick Videau
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Donna Poscablo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.,Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, 94132, USA
| | - John W Stengel
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Silvia Beurmann
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.,Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, Kāne'ohe, HI, 96744, USA
| | - Andrew H Burger
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.,Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, Kāne'ohe, HI, 96744, USA
| | - Greta S Aeby
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, Kāne'ohe, HI, 96744, USA
| | - Sean M Callahan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
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45
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Li J, Azam F, Zhang S. Outer membrane vesicles containing signalling molecules and active hydrolytic enzymes released by a coral pathogenVibrio shiloniiAK1. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:3850-3866. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Farooq Azam
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego; La Jolla CA USA
| | - Si Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China
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Abstract
The tissue, skeleton, and secreted mucus of corals supports a highly dynamic and diverse community of microbes, which play a major role in the health status of corals such as the provision of essential nutrients or the metabolism of waste products. However, members of the Vibrio genus are prominent as causative agents of disease in corals. The aim of this chapter is to review our understanding of the spectrum of disease effects displayed by coral-associated vibrios, with a particular emphasis on the few species where detailed studies of pathogenicity have been conducted. The role of Vibrio shilonii in seasonal bleaching of Oculina patagonica and the development of the coral probiotic hypothesis is reviewed, pointing to unanswered questions about this phenomenon. Detailed consideration is given to studies of V. coralliilyticus and related pathogens and changes in the dominance of vibrios associated with coral bleaching. Other Vibrio-associated disease syndromes discussed include yellow band/blotch disease and tissue necrosis in temperate gorgonian corals. The review includes analysis of the role of enzymes, resistance to oxidative stress, and quorum sensing in virulence of coral-associated vibrios. The review concludes that we should probably regard most-possibly all-vibrios as "opportunistic" pathogens which, under certain environmental conditions, are capable of overwhelming the defense mechanisms of appropriate hosts, leading to rapid growth and tissue destruction.
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47
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In Silico Analysis of a Novel Plasmid from the Coral Pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus Reveals Two Potential "Ecological Islands". Microorganisms 2016; 4:microorganisms4010003. [PMID: 27681896 PMCID: PMC5029508 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms4010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As virulence often correlates with the presence of plasmid replicons in several Vibrio spp., this study investigated whether non-chromosomal DNA could be found in the coral pathogen, Vibrio coralliilyticus BAA-450. A circular plasmid, 26,631 bp in size, was identified. DNA sequence analysis indicated that the plasmid contained 30 open reading frames, six tRNA genes, 12 inverted repeats, three direct repeats and presented no continuous sequence identity to other replicons within the database. Consequently, these findings indicate that this is a novel, previously unidentified, plasmid. Two putative “ecological islands” were also identified and are predicted to encode for various factors that would facilitate growth and survival under different ecological conditions. In addition, two open reading frames may encode proteins that contribute to the pathogenicity of the organism. Functional cooperativity is also indicated between several plasmid- and chromosomally-encoded proteins, which, in a single instance, would allow a fully functioning nutrient uptake system to be established.
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48
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From cholera to corals: Viruses as drivers of virulence in a major coral bacterial pathogen. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17889. [PMID: 26644037 PMCID: PMC4672265 DOI: 10.1038/srep17889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease is an increasing threat to reef-building corals. One of the few identified pathogens of coral disease is the bacterium Vibrio coralliilyticus. In Vibrio cholerae, infection by a bacterial virus (bacteriophage) results in the conversion of non-pathogenic strains to pathogenic strains and this can lead to cholera pandemics. Pathogenicity islands encoded in the V. cholerae genome play an important role in pathogenesis. Here we analyse five whole genome sequences of V. coralliilyticus to examine whether virulence is similarly driven by horizontally acquired elements. We demonstrate that bacteriophage genomes encoding toxin genes with homology to those found in pathogenic V. cholerae are integrated in V. coralliilyticus genomes. Virulence factors located on chromosomal pathogenicity islands also exist in some strains of V. coralliilyticus. The presence of these genetic signatures indicates virulence in V. coralliilyticus is driven by prophages and other horizontally acquired elements. Screening for pathogens of coral disease should target conserved regions in these elements.
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49
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Blackall LL, Wilson B, van Oppen MJH. Coral-the world's most diverse symbiotic ecosystem. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:5330-47. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda L. Blackall
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Faculty of Science, Engineering & Technology; Swinburne University of Technology; Melbourne Vic. 3122 Australia
| | - Bryan Wilson
- Marine Microbiology Research Group; Department of Biology; University of Bergen; Thormøhlensgate 53B 5020 Bergen Norway
| | - Madeleine J. H. van Oppen
- Australian Institute of Marine Science; PMB No. 3 Townsville MC Qld. 4810 Australia
- School of BioSciences; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Vic. 3010 Australia
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50
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Travers MA, Boettcher Miller K, Roque A, Friedman CS. Bacterial diseases in marine bivalves. J Invertebr Pathol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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