1
|
Nabi-Afjadi M, Heydari M, Zalpoor H, Arman I, Sadoughi A, Sahami P, Aghazadeh S. Lectins and lectibodies: potential promising antiviral agents. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:37. [PMID: 35562647 PMCID: PMC9100318 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, lectins are widely dispersed proteins that selectively recognize and bind to carbohydrates and glycoconjugates via reversible bonds at specific binding sites. Many viral diseases have been treated with lectins due to their wide range of structures, specificity for carbohydrates, and ability to bind carbohydrates. Through hemagglutination assays, these proteins can be detected interacting with various carbohydrates on the surface of cells and viral envelopes. This review discusses the most robust lectins and their rationally engineered versions, such as lectibodies, as antiviral proteins. Fusion of lectin and antibody’s crystallizable fragment (Fc) of immunoglobulin G (IgG) produces a molecule called a “lectibody” that can act as a carbohydrate-targeting antibody. Lectibodies can not only bind to the surface glycoproteins via their lectins and neutralize and clear viruses or infected cells by viruses but also perform Fc-mediated antibody effector functions. These functions include complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), and antibody-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis (ADCP). In addition to entering host cells, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein S1 binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and downregulates it and type I interferons in a way that may lead to lung disease. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope are heavily glycosylated, which could make them a major target for developing vaccines, diagnostic tests, and therapeutic drugs. Lectibodies can lead to neutralization and clearance of viruses and cells infected by viruses by binding to glycans located on the envelope surface (e.g., the heavily glycosylated SARS-CoV-2 spike protein).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Heydari
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, 13145-1384, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Zalpoor
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,American Association of Kidney Patients, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ibrahim Arman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Arezoo Sadoughi
- Department of Immunology, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Parisa Sahami
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technologies Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Safiyeh Aghazadeh
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, 5756151818, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Petrova MI, van den Broek MFL, Spacova I, Verhoeven TLA, Balzarini J, Vanderleyden J, Schols D, Lebeer S. Engineering Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and GR-1 to express HIV-inhibiting griffithsin. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 52:599-607. [PMID: 30040991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Probiotic bacteria are being explored for the in situ delivery of various therapeutic agents. In this study, we aimed to express two HIV-inhibiting lectins, actinohivin (AH) and griffithsin (GRFT), in the probiotic strains Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and L. rhamnosus GR-1 for gastrointestinal and vaginal mucosal delivery, respectively. Constructs were generated for the intracellular and extracellular production of AH and GRFT under the control of the promoter of their Major Secreted Protein Msp1. Also, intracellular expression of GRFT was investigated under the control of the nisA promoter from the inducible nisin-controlled expression (NICE) system. For the extracellular localization, the signal leader peptide of Msp1/p75 from L. rhamnosus GG was translationally fused with the genes encoding AH and GRFT. Construction of recombinant strains expressing the AH monomer and dimer was unsuccessful, probably due to the intracellular toxicity of AH for the lactobacilli. On the other hand, recombinant strains for intra- and extracellular production of GRFT by L. rhamnosus GG and GR-1 were successfully constructed. The highest expression levels of recombinant GRFT were observed for the constructs under the control of the inducible nisA promoter and we demonstrated anti-HIV activity against an M-tropic and a T-tropic HIV-1 strain. We can conclude that recombinant Lactobacillus expressing anti-HIV lectins could contribute to the development of enhanced probiotic strains that are able to inhibit HIV transmission and subsequent replication, although further research and development are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariya I Petrova
- KU Leuven, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Marianne F L van den Broek
- University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Irina Spacova
- KU Leuven, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tine L A Verhoeven
- KU Leuven, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Balzarini
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jos Vanderleyden
- KU Leuven, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique Schols
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah Lebeer
- KU Leuven, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mitchell CA, Ramessar K, O'Keefe BR. Antiviral lectins: Selective inhibitors of viral entry. Antiviral Res 2017; 142:37-54. [PMID: 28322922 PMCID: PMC5414728 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Many natural lectins have been reported to have antiviral activity. As some of these have been put forward as potential development candidates for preventing or treating viral infections, we have set out in this review to survey the literature on antiviral lectins. The review groups lectins by structural class and class of source organism we also detail their carbohydrate specificity and their reported antiviral activities. The review concludes with a brief discussion of several of the pertinent hurdles that heterologous proteins must clear to be useful clinical candidates and cites examples where such studies have been reported for antiviral lectins. Though the clearest path currently being followed is the use of antiviral lectins as anti-HIV microbicides via topical mucosal administration, some investigators have also found systemic efficacy against acute infections following subcutaneous administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carter A Mitchell
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, 21702-1201, USA
| | - Koreen Ramessar
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, 21702-1201, USA
| | - Barry R O'Keefe
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, 21702-1201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Acharya P, Lusvarghi S, Bewley CA, Kwong PD. HIV-1 gp120 as a therapeutic target: navigating a moving labyrinth. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:765-83. [PMID: 25724219 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1010513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The HIV-1 gp120 envelope (Env) glycoprotein mediates attachment of virus to human target cells that display requisite receptors, CD4 and co-receptor, generally CCR5. Despite high-affinity interactions with host receptors and proof-of-principle by the drug maraviroc that interference with CCR5 provides therapeutic benefit, no licensed drug currently targets gp120. AREAS COVERED An overview of the role of gp120 in HIV-1 entry and of sites of potential gp120 vulnerability to therapeutic inhibition is presented. Viral defenses that protect these sites and turn gp120 into a moving labyrinth are discussed together with strategies for circumventing these defenses to allow therapeutic targeting of gp120 sites of vulnerability. EXPERT OPINION The gp120 envelope glycoprotein interacts with host proteins through multiple interfaces and has conserved structural features at these interaction sites. In spite of this, targeting gp120 for therapeutic purposes is challenging. Env mechanisms that have evolved to evade the humoral immune response also shield it from potential therapeutics. Nevertheless, substantial progress has been made in understanding HIV-1 gp120 structure and its interactions with host receptors, and in developing therapeutic leads that potently neutralize diverse HIV-1 strains. Synergies between advances in understanding, needs for therapeutics against novel viral targets and characteristics of breadth and potency for a number of gp120-targetting lead molecules bodes well for gp120 as a HIV-1 therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyamvada Acharya
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Vaccine Research Center, Structural Biology Section , Room 4609B, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 , USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Férir G, Gordts SC, Schols D. HIV-1 and its resistance to peptidic carbohydrate-binding agents (CBAs): an overview. Molecules 2014; 19:21085-112. [PMID: 25517345 PMCID: PMC6270665 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191221085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycoproteins on the surfaces of enveloped viruses, such as HIV, can be considered as a unique target for antiviral therapy. Different carbohydrate-binding agents (CBAs) target specific glycans present on viral glycoproteins of enveloped viruses. It has been shown that long-term CBA pressure in vitro can result in mutant HIV-1 isolates with several N-linked glycan deletions on gp120. These studies demonstrated that mainly high-mannose type glycans are deleted. However, interestingly, N241, N262 and N356 on gp120 have never been found to be affected after prolonged CBA exposure. Here, we review the mutation and (cross)-resistance profiles of eleven specific generated CBA-resistant HIV-1 strains. We observed that the broad-neutralizing anti-carbohydrate binding mAb 2G12 became completely inactive against all the generated CBA-resistant HIV-1 clade B isolates. In addition, all of the CBAs discussed in this review, with the exception of NICTABA, interfered with the binding of 2G12 mAb to gp120 expressed on HIV-1-infected T cells. The cross-resistance profiles of mutant HIV-1 strains are varying from increased susceptibility to very high resistance levels, even among different classes of CBAs with dissimilar sugar specificities or binding moieties [e.g., α(1,3), α(1,2), α(1,6)]. Recent studies demonstrated promising results in non-topical formulations (e.g., intranasally or subcutaneously), highlighting their potential for prevention (microbicides) and antiviral therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Férir
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10. Leuven B-3000, Belgium.
| | - Stephanie C Gordts
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10. Leuven B-3000, Belgium.
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10. Leuven B-3000, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Suzuki K, Tsunoda M, Hoque MM, Zhang F, Jiang J, Zhang X, Ohbayashi N, Tanaka H, Takénaka A. Peculiarity in crystal packing of anti-HIV lectin actinohivin in complex with α(1-2)mannobiose. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D: BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2013; 69:1818-25. [PMID: 23999305 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444913017812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Previously, the anti-HIV lectin actinohivin (AH) was cocrystallized with the target α(1-2)mannobiose (MB) in the apparent space group P213. However, three MB-bound AH rotamers generated by ±120° rotations around the molecular pseudo-threefold rotation axis are packed randomly in the unit cell according to P212121 symmetry [Hoque et al. (2012). Acta Cryst. D68, 1671-1679]. It was found that the AH used for crystallization contains short peptides attached to the N-terminus [Suzuki et al. (2012). Acta Cryst. F68, 1060-1063], which cause packing disorder. In the present study, the fully mature homogeneous AH has been cocrystallized with MB into two new crystal forms at different pH. X-ray analyses of the two forms reveal that they have peculiar character in that the space groups are the same, P22121, and the unit-cell parameters are almost the same with the exception of the length of the a axis, which is doubled in one form. The use of homogeneous AH resulted in the absence of disorder in both crystals and an improvement in the resolution, thereby establishing the basis for AH binding to the target MB. In addition, the two crystal structures clarify the interaction modes between AH molecules, which is important knowledge for understanding the multiple binding effect generated when two AH molecules are linked together with a short peptide [Takahashi et al. (2011). J. Antibiot. 64, 551-557].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Suzuki
- College of Science and Engineering, Iwaki Meisei University, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8551, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hoque MM, Suzuki K, Tsunoda M, Jiang J, Zhang F, Takahashi A, Ohbayashi N, Zhang X, Tanaka H, Ōmura S, Takénaka A. Structural insights into the specific anti-HIV property of actinohivin: structure of its complex with the α(1-2)mannobiose moiety of gp120. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA. SECTION D, BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2012; 68:1671-9. [PMID: 23151632 PMCID: PMC3498932 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444912040498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Actinohivin (AH) is an actinomycete lectin with a potent specific anti-HIV activity. In order to clarify the structural evidence for its specific binding to the α(1-2)mannobiose (MB) moiety of the D1 chains of high-mannose-type glycans (HMTGs) attached to HIV-1 gp120, the crystal structure of AH in complex with MB has been determined. The AH molecule is composed of three identical structural modules, each of which has a pocket in which an MB molecule is bound adopting a bracket-shaped conformation. This conformation is stabilized through two weak C-H...O hydrogen bonds facilitated by the α(1-2) linkage. The binding features in the three pockets are quite similar to each other, in accordance with the molecular pseudo-threefold symmetry generated from the three tandem repeats in the amino-acid sequence. The shape of the pocket can accept two neighbouring hydroxyl groups of the O(3) and O(4) atoms of the equatorial configuration of the second mannose residue. To recognize these atoms through hydrogen bonds, an Asp residue is located at the bottom of each pocket. Tyr and Leu residues seem to block the movement of the MB molecules. Furthermore, the O(1) atom of the axial configuration of the second mannose residue protrudes from each pocket into an open space surrounded by the conserved hydrophobic residues, suggesting an additional binding site for the third mannose residue of the branched D1 chain of HMTGs. These structural features provide strong evidence indicating that AH is only highly specific for MB and would facilitate the highly specific affinity of AH for any glycoprotein carrying many HMTGs, such as HIV-1 gp120.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Mominul Hoque
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Iwaki Meisei University, 5-5-1 Chuodai-Iino, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8551, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Kaoru Suzuki
- College of Science and Engineering, Iwaki Meisei University, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8551, Japan
| | - Masaru Tsunoda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Iwaki Meisei University, 5-5-1 Chuodai-Iino, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8551, Japan
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwaki Meisei University, 5-5-1 Chuodai-Iino, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8551, Japan
| | - Fang Zhang
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwaki Meisei University, 5-5-1 Chuodai-Iino, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8551, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Iwaki Meisei University, 5-5-1 Chuodai-Iino, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8551, Japan
| | - Naomi Ohbayashi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Iwaki Meisei University, 5-5-1 Chuodai-Iino, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8551, Japan
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwaki Meisei University, 5-5-1 Chuodai-Iino, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8551, Japan
| | - Haruo Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Iwaki Meisei University, 5-5-1 Chuodai-Iino, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8551, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwaki Meisei University, 5-5-1 Chuodai-Iino, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8551, Japan
- KIIM Pharmaceutical Laboratories Inc., Fukushima 970-8551, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ōmura
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Akio Takénaka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Iwaki Meisei University, 5-5-1 Chuodai-Iino, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8551, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwaki Meisei University, 5-5-1 Chuodai-Iino, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8551, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Suzuki K, Ohbayashi N, Jiang J, Zhang X, Hoque MM, Tsunoda M, Murayama K, Tanaka H, Takénaka A. Crystallographic study of the interaction of the anti-HIV lectin actinohivin with the α(1-2)mannobiose moiety of gp120 HMTG. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2012; 68:1060-3. [PMID: 22949194 PMCID: PMC3433197 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309112031077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Actinohivin (AH) is a new potent anti-HIV lectin of microbial origin. In order to modify it to produce a more efficient drug, its three-dimensional structure has previously been determined with and without the target α(1-2)mannobiose moiety of the high-mannose-type glycan (HMTG) attached to HIV-1 gp120. However, ambiguity remained in the structures owing to packing disorder that was possibly associated with peptide fragments attached at the N-terminus. To resolve these problems, the duration of cultivation of the AH-producing strain was examined and it was found that in a sample obtained from a 20 d culture the heterogeneous fragments were completely removed to produce mature AH with high homogeneity. In addition, the purification procedures were simplified in order to increase the yield of AH and the addition of solvents was also examined in order to increase the solubility of AH. AH thus obtained was successfully crystallized with high reproducibility in a different form to the previously obtained crystals. The crystal diffracted well to beyond 1.90 Å resolution and the crystallographic data suggested that it contained no packing disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Suzuki
- College of Science and Engineering, Iwaki Meisei University, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8551, Japan
| | - Naomi Ohbayashi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Iwaki Meisei University, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8551, Japan
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwaki Meisei University, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8551, Japan
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwaki Meisei University, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8551, Japan
| | - M. Mominul Hoque
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Iwaki Meisei University, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8551, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Masaru Tsunoda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Iwaki Meisei University, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8551, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Murayama
- Graduate School of Biochemical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Haruo Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Iwaki Meisei University, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8551, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwaki Meisei University, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8551, Japan
- KIIM Pharm. Lab. Inc., Fukushima 970-8551, Japan
| | - Akio Takénaka
- College of Science and Engineering, Iwaki Meisei University, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8551, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Iwaki Meisei University, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8551, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Suzuki T, Sugiyama K, Hirai H, Ito H, Morita T, Dohra H, Murata T, Usui T, Tateno H, Hirabayashi J, Kobayashi Y, Kawagishi H. Mannose-specific lectin from the mushroom Hygrophorus russula. Glycobiology 2011; 22:616-29. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwr187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
10
|
Kouokam JC, Huskens D, Schols D, Johannemann A, Riedell SK, Walter W, Walker JM, Matoba N, O'Keefe BR, Palmer KE. Investigation of griffithsin's interactions with human cells confirms its outstanding safety and efficacy profile as a microbicide candidate. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22635. [PMID: 21829638 PMCID: PMC3149051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many natural product-derived lectins such as the red algal lectin griffithsin (GRFT) have potent in vitro activity against viruses that display dense clusters of oligomannose N-linked glycans (NLG) on their surface envelope glycoproteins. However, since oligomannose NLG are also found on some host proteins it is possible that treatment with antiviral lectins may trigger undesirable side effects. For other antiviral lectins such as concanavalin A, banana lectin and cyanovirin-N (CV-N), interactions between the lectin and as yet undescribed cellular moieties have been reported to induce undesirable side effects including secretion of inflammatory cytokines and activation of host T-cells. We show that GRFT, unlike CV-N, binds the surface of human epithelial and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) through an exclusively oligosaccharide-dependent interaction. In contrast to several other antiviral lectins however, GRFT treatment induces only minimal changes in secretion of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by epithelial cells or human PBMC, has no measureable effect on cell viability and does not significantly upregulate markers of T-cell activation. In addition, GRFT appears to retain antiviral activity once bound to the surface of PBMC. Finally, RNA microarray studies show that, while CV-N and ConA regulate expression of a multitude of cellular genes, GRFT treatment effects only minimal alterations in the gene expression profile of a human ectocervical cell line. These studies indicate that GRFT has an outstanding safety profile with little evidence of induced toxicity, T-cell activation or deleterious immunological consequence, unique attributes for a natural product-derived lectin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Calvin Kouokam
- Owensboro Cancer Research Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Dana Huskens
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique Schols
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrew Johannemann
- Owensboro Cancer Research Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Shonna K. Riedell
- Owensboro Cancer Research Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Wendye Walter
- Owensboro Cancer Research Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Janice M. Walker
- Owensboro Cancer Research Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Nobuyuki Matoba
- Owensboro Cancer Research Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Barry R. O'Keefe
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kenneth E. Palmer
- Owensboro Cancer Research Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The high mannose-type glycan binding lectin actinohivin: dimerization greatly improves anti-HIV activity. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2011; 64:551-7. [PMID: 21694730 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2011.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The actinomycete-derived lectin actinohivin (AH) inhibits entry of HIV-1 to susceptible cells at low nM concentrations. The cooperative binding of three segments of AH to three high mannose-type glycans (HMTGs) of HIV-1 gp120 generates specific and strong anti-HIV activity. Dimerization of AH effectively improves anti-HIV activity by increasing the number of HMTG-binding pockets. AH dimers were prepared using an Escherichia coli expression system and their anti-syncytium formation and anti-HIV activities were evaluated. Each dimer was constructed by a head-to-tail fusion of two AH molecules, with or without a spacer. As a result, His-TEV-AH/RTB(132-143)/AH, which has the residues 132-143 of ricin toxin B-chain (RTB) as a spacer, had 20-fold higher anti-syncytium formation activity and also exhibited 2-30-fold higher anti-HIV activity than AH against various clinically isolated HIV-1 strains, including drug-resistant ones. Mutation analysis implies that all six HMTG-binding pockets of the dimer participated in HMTG binding. Several AH dimers with different spacer sequences showed diverse activities, suggesting that the spacer sequence is an important factor to create higher anti-HIV activity. A dimer with improved anti-HIV activity would be a good candidate for investigation as a potential microbicide to prevent HIV transmission.
Collapse
|
12
|
Teissier E, Penin F, Pécheur EI. Targeting cell entry of enveloped viruses as an antiviral strategy. Molecules 2010; 16:221-50. [PMID: 21193846 PMCID: PMC6259279 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16010221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The entry of enveloped viruses into their host cells involves several successive steps, each one being amenable to therapeutic intervention. Entry inhibitors act by targeting viral and/or cellular components, through either the inhibition of protein-protein interactions within the viral envelope proteins or between viral proteins and host cell receptors, or through the inhibition of protein-lipid interactions. Interestingly, inhibitors that concentrate into/onto the membrane in order to target a protein involved in the entry process, such as arbidol or peptide inhibitors of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), could allow the use of doses compatible with therapeutic requirements. The efficacy of these drugs validates entry as a point of intervention in viral life cycles. Strategies based upon small molecule antiviral agents, peptides, proteins or nucleic acids, would most likely prove efficient in multidrug combinations, in order to inhibit several steps of virus life cycle and prevent disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eve-Isabelle Pécheur
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5086, Université de Lyon, IFR 128 BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, 69367 Lyon, France; E-Mails: (E.T.); (F.P.)
| |
Collapse
|