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Qadri H, Shah AH, Almilaibary A, Mir MA. Microbiota, natural products, and human health: exploring interactions for therapeutic insights. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1371312. [PMID: 39035357 PMCID: PMC11257994 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1371312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The symbiotic relationship between the human digestive system and its intricate microbiota is a captivating field of study that continues to unfold. Comprising predominantly anaerobic bacteria, this complex microbial ecosystem, teeming with trillions of organisms, plays a crucial role in various physiological processes. Beyond its primary function in breaking down indigestible dietary components, this microbial community significantly influences immune system modulation, central nervous system function, and disease prevention. Despite the strides made in microbiome research, the precise mechanisms underlying how bacterial effector functions impact mammalian and microbiome physiology remain elusive. Unlike the traditional DNA-RNA-protein paradigm, bacteria often communicate through small molecules, underscoring the imperative to identify compounds produced by human-associated bacteria. The gut microbiome emerges as a linchpin in the transformation of natural products, generating metabolites with distinct physiological functions. Unraveling these microbial transformations holds the key to understanding the pharmacological activities and metabolic mechanisms of natural products. Notably, the potential to leverage gut microorganisms for large-scale synthesis of bioactive compounds remains an underexplored frontier with promising implications. This review serves as a synthesis of current knowledge, shedding light on the dynamic interplay between natural products, bacteria, and human health. In doing so, it contributes to our evolving comprehension of microbiome dynamics, opening avenues for innovative applications in medicine and therapeutics. As we delve deeper into this intricate web of interactions, the prospect of harnessing the power of the gut microbiome for transformative medical interventions becomes increasingly tantalizing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafsa Qadri
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Abdul Haseeb Shah
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Abdullah Almilaibary
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manzoor Ahmad Mir
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
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Yoon KN, Lee SJ, Keum GB, Song KY, Park JH, Song BS, Yu SY, Cho JH, Kim ES, Doo H, Kwak J, Kim S, Eun JB, Lee JH, Kim HB, Lee JH, Kim JK. Characteristics of Lactococcus petauri GB97 lysate isolated from porcine feces and its in vitro and in vivo effects on inflammation, intestinal barrier function, and gut microbiota composition in mice. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0133423. [PMID: 38019021 PMCID: PMC10782967 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01334-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Weaning is a crucial step in piglet management to improve pork production. During the weaning phase, disruption of epithelial barrier function and intestinal inflammation can lead to decreased absorption of nutrients and diarrhea. Therefore, maintaining a healthy intestine, epithelial barrier function, and gut microbiota composition in this crucial phase is strategic for optimal weaning in pigs. We isolated a lysate of Lactococcus petauri GB97 (LPL97) from healthy porcine feces and evaluated its anti-inflammatory activities, barrier integrity, and gut microbial changes in LPS-induced murine macrophages and DSS-induced colitis mice. We found that LPL97 regulated the immune response by downregulating the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, LPL97 alleviated the disruption of intestinal epithelial integrity and gut microbiota dysbiosis in colitis mice. This study indicates that LPL97 has the potential to be developed as an alternative feed additive to antibiotics for the swine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Nam Yoon
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graduate School of Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Soo-Jeong Lee
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gi Beom Keum
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Ki-Young Song
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Jong-Heum Park
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Beom-Seok Song
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Seung Yeob Yu
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Jae Hyoung Cho
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Eun Sol Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Hyunok Doo
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jinok Kwak
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Sheena Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jong-Bang Eun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graduate School of Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ju Huck Lee
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hoon Lee
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
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Hussain A, Patwekar U, Mongad DS, Shouche YS. Strategizing the human microbiome for small molecules: Approaches and perspectives. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103459. [PMID: 36435302 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Studies of the human microbiome are providing a deeper understanding of its significance to human health, and increasing evidence links the microbiota with several diseases. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms involved in human-microbe interactions are mostly undefined. The genomic potential of the human microbiome to biosynthesize distinct molecules outmatches its known chemical space, and small-molecule discovery in this context remains in its infancy. The profiling of microbiome-derived small molecules and their contextualization through cause-effect mechanistic studies may provide a better understanding of host-microbe interactions, guide new therapeutic interventions, and modulate microbiome-based therapies. This review describes the advances, approaches, and allied challenges in mining new microbial scaffolds from the human microbiome using genomic, microbe cultivation, and chemical analytic platforms. In the future, the complete biological characterization of a single microbe-derived molecule that has a specific therapeutic application could resolve the current limitations of microbiota-modulating therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aehtesham Hussain
- NCMR-National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India.
| | - Umera Patwekar
- NCMR-National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Dattatray S Mongad
- NCMR-National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Yogesh S Shouche
- NCMR-National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
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Bacterial Compositional Shifts of Gut Microbiomes in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Association with Disease Activity. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091820. [PMID: 36144422 PMCID: PMC9505928 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disabling autoimmune disorder. Little is known regarding the association between the gut microbiome and etiopathogenesis of RA. We aimed to dissect the differences in gut microbiomes associated with RA in comparison to healthy individuals and, in addition, to identify the shifts in the bacterial community in association with disease activity; Methods: In order to identify compositional shifts in gut microbiomes of RA patients, V3-V4 hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. In total, sixty stool samples were collected from 45 patients with RA besides 15 matched healthy subjects; Results: Notably, RA microbiomes were significantly associated with diverse bacterial communities compared with healthy individuals. Likewise, a direct association between bacterial diversity and disease activity was detected in RA patients (Kruskal Wallis; p = 0.00047). In general, genus-level analysis revealed a positive coexistence between RA and Megasphaera, Adlercreutzia, Ruminococcus, Bacteroides, Collinsella, and Acidaminococcus. Furthermore, Spearman correlation analysis significantly stratified the most dominant genera into distinct clusters that were mainly based on disease activity (r ≥ 0.6; p ≤ 0.05). The predictive metabolic profile of bacterial communities associated with RA could support the potential impact of gut microbiomes in either the development or recovery of RA; Conclusions: The overall shifts in bacterial composition at different disease statuses could confirm the cross-linking of certain genera either to causation or progression of RA.
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Fobofou SA, Savidge T. Microbial metabolites: cause or consequence in gastrointestinal disease? Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 322:G535-G552. [PMID: 35271353 PMCID: PMC9054261 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00008.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Systems biology studies have established that changes in gastrointestinal microbiome composition and function can adversely impact host physiology. Notable diseases synonymously associated with dysbiosis include inflammatory bowel diseases, cancer, metabolic disorders, and opportunistic and recurrent pathogen infections. However, there is a scarcity of mechanistic data that advances our understanding of taxonomic correlations with pathophysiological host-microbiome interactions. Generally, to survive a hostile gut environment, microbes are highly metabolically active and produce trans-kingdom signaling molecules to interact with competing microorganisms and the host. These specialized metabolites likely play important homeostatic roles, and identifying disease-specific taxa and their effector pathways can provide better strategies for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, as well as the discovery of innovative therapeutics. The signaling role of microbial biotransformation products such as bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, polysaccharides, and dietary tryptophan is increasingly recognized, but little is known about the identity and function of metabolites that are synthesized by microbial biosynthetic gene clusters, including ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides (RiPPs), nonribosomal peptides (NRPs), polyketides (PKs), PK-NRP hybrids, and terpenes. Here we consider how bioactive natural products directly encoded by the human microbiome can contribute to the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal disease, cancer, autoimmune, antimicrobial-resistant bacterial and viral infections (including COVID-19). We also present strategies used to discover these compounds and the biological activities they exhibit, with consideration of therapeutic interventions that could emerge from understanding molecular causation in gut microbiome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Alain Fobofou
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Tor Savidge
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
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6
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Hao Y, Ji Z, Shen Z, Wu Y, Zhang B, Tang J, Hou S, Xie M. Effects of Total Dietary Fiber on Cecal Microbial Community and Intestinal Morphology of Growing White Pekin Duck. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:727200. [PMID: 34539618 PMCID: PMC8440899 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.727200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was to investigate the effects of total dietary fiber (TDF) on growth performance, cecal structure, cecal microbial community, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) profiles in the cecum of growing White Pekin ducks. A total of 108 male Pekin ducks of 14-days-old were randomly allocated and fed diets containing 12.4, 14.7, and 16.2% TDF for 35 days. Each dietary treatment consisted of six replicates with six birds each. The results showed that 14.7 and 16.2% TDF treatments promoted growth performance relative to 12.4% TDF treatments (P < 0.05). A total of 14.7 and 16.2% TDF treatments significantly elevated villus height, the ratio of villus height to crypt depth and muscle layer thickness of cecum, and lowered crypt depth compared with 12.4% TDF treatment (P < 0.05). Simultaneously, 14.7 and 16.2% TDF treatments up-regulated Claudin-1 mRNA expression of barrier genes in the cecum compared with 12.4% TDF (P < 0.05). Butyrate-producing bacteria like Oscillopiraceae affiliating to the phyla Firmicutes were observed as a biomarker in the 16.2% TDF. Higher concentration of butyrate in the cecum was obtained in the 14.7% TDF compared with 12.4 and 16.2% TDF (P < 0.05). The concentrations of isobutyrate, valerate, and isovalerate in the cecum were significantly increased in the 16.2% TDF compared with 12.4 and 14.7% TDF (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the abundance of genus UCG-005 and Enterococcus was positive correlations with isobutyrate and valerate (P < 0.05). However, the concentration of propionate in the cecum significantly decreased in 14.7 and 16.2% TDF treatments relative to 12.4% TDF treatments (P < 0.05). In summary, increasing TDF levels improved growth performance, cecal histomorphology, and barrier function of meat ducks and it might be mediated by the changes of microbiota communities, especially bloom of SCFAs-producing bacteria, which facilitated the interaction between intestinal mucosa and microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanqing Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjian Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongbao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuisheng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Commensal microbial communities have immense effects on their vertebrate hosts, contributing to a number of physiological functions, as well as host fitness. In particular, host immunity is strongly linked to microbiota composition through poorly understood bi-directional links. Gene expression may be a potential mediator of these links between microbial communities and host function. However, few studies have investigated connections between microbiota composition and expression of host immune genes in complex systems. Here, we leverage a large study of laboratory-raised fish from the species Gasterosteus aculeatus (three-spined stickleback) to document correlations between gene expression and microbiome composition. First, we examined correlations between microbiome alpha diversity and gene expression. Our results demonstrate robust positive associations between microbial alpha diversity and expression of host immune genes. Next, we examined correlations between host gene expression and abundance of microbial taxa. We identified 15 microbial families that were highly correlated with host gene expression. These families were all tightly correlated with host expression of immune genes and processes, falling into one of three categories—those positively correlated, negatively correlated, and neutrally related to immune processes. Furthermore, we highlight several important immune processes that are commonly associated with the abundance of these taxa, including both macrophage and B cell functions. Further functional characterization of microbial taxa will help disentangle the mechanisms of the correlations described here. In sum, our study supports prevailing hypotheses of intimate links between host immunity and gut microbiome composition.
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8
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Teame T, Wang A, Xie M, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Ding Q, Gao C, Olsen RE, Ran C, Zhou Z. Paraprobiotics and Postbiotics of Probiotic Lactobacilli, Their Positive Effects on the Host and Action Mechanisms: A Review. Front Nutr 2020; 7:570344. [PMID: 33195367 PMCID: PMC7642493 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.570344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli comprise an important group of probiotics for both human and animals. The emerging concern regarding safety problems associated with live microbial cells is enhancing the interest in using cell components and metabolites derived from probiotic strains. Here, we define cell structural components and metabolites of probiotic bacteria as paraprobiotics and postbiotics, respectively. Paraprobiotics and postbiotics produced from Lactobacilli consist of a wide range of molecules including peptidoglycans, surface proteins, cell wall polysaccharides, secreted proteins, bacteriocins, and organic acids, which mediate positive effect on the host, such as immunomodulatory, anti-tumor, antimicrobial, and barrier-preservation effects. In this review, we systematically summarize the paraprobiotics and postbiotics derived from Lactobacilli and their beneficial functions. We also discuss the mechanisms underlying their beneficial effects on the host, and their interaction with the host cells. This review may boost our understanding on the benefits and molecular mechanisms associated with paraprobiotics and probiotics from Lactobacilli, which may promote their applications in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsegay Teame
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Tigray Agricultural Research Institute, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Anran Wang
- AgricultureIsLife/EnvironmentIsLife and Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, AgroBioChem/TERRA, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des Deportes, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Mingxu Xie
- Norway-China Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota Joint Lab, Institute of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yalin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qianwen Ding
- Norway-China Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota Joint Lab, Institute of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Chenchen Gao
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rolf Erik Olsen
- Norway-China Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota Joint Lab, Institute of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Chao Ran
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wang X, Wang J, Guo W, Zhou Y, Sun C, Li Z, Chen L, Pan X. [Characteristics of intestinal flora in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020; 40:949-957. [PMID: 32895147 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.07.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate changes in intestinal flora in patients with primary Sj?gren syndrome (pSS) and explore the relationship between pSS disease activity and intestinal flora structure. METHODS Fecal samples were collected from 18 female pSS patients, including 9 patients with active disease (group A) and 9 with disease inactivity or low activity (group B), with 10 healthy subjects as the control group. The total bacterial DNA was extracted from the fecal samples for PCR amplification, and Illumina Hiseq 2500 high-throughput sequencing was performed for the v3-v4 region of 16Sr DNA gene to obtain the biological information of the intestinal flora. The intergroup OTU analysis, structural diversity analysis, significant difference analysis and LEFSE analysis were performed with information mining of the literature think tanks. RESULTS The dilution curves generated based on the OTUshannon index for analysis of sample complexity showed that the measured data were relatively complete and could reflect the diversity of the microorganisms in the subjects. Analysis of the Alpha diversity index showed that the Shannon index differed significantly between group A and group B, and the Simpson index differed significantly between group A and group B and between group A and the control group (P < 0.05). Sequence analysis the 3 groups all consisted mainly of 4 phylum (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, showed that the intestinal flora in and proteobacteria) and 4 genera (finegoldia, Prevotella, Streptococcus, and Corynebacterium_1), all showing no significant differences among the 3 groups (P > 0.05) with the exception of Streptococcus genus, which differed significantly among the 3 groups (P < 0.05). The 16S v3-v4 region in the genus Alloscardovia, Bacteroides, Barnesiella, Butyricicoccus, Facklamia, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospiraceae_FCS020_group, Lachnospiraceae_ND3007_group, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-001, Lachnospirace, Lachnospirace, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-002, Streptococcus and Coprococcus_1 differed significantly among the 3 groups (P < 0.05). The high-dimensional biometrics and genomic characteristics of the intestinal microorganisms differed significantly among the 3 groups (P < 0.05). According to the size of LDA SCORE (effect size), the core flora in group A included the genera Barnesiellaccae, Aerococcaceae, Family-XIII, Bacteroidaceae, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-001, Barnesiella, Facklamia, Alloscardovia, Faecalibacterium and Bacteroides, as compared with the genera Streptococcaceae, Streptococcus, Coprococcus_1, Ruminococcaceae_ucg-002, Lachnospiraceae_FCS020_group, Lachnospiraceae_ucg-004, Lachnospiraceae_ND3007_group, Lachnospiraceae_ucg-008 and Butyricicoccus in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Patients with pSS have significant changes in the diversity of intestinal flora, especially in some specific bacteria in Streptococcu genus and in 16S v3-v4 region of the bacteria. The differences in the core bacteria in the intestinal flora of pSS patients suggest the role of flora structure changes in the pathogenesis of pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Wenjing Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Linjie Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Xinlan Pan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu 233004, China
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Sun Y, Chen Q, Lin P, Xu R, He D, Ji W, Bian Y, Shen Y, Li Q, Liu C, Dong K, Tang YW, Pei Z, Yang L, Lu H, Guo X, Xiao L. Characteristics of Gut Microbiota in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis in Shanghai, China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:369. [PMID: 31709198 PMCID: PMC6819506 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known regarding differences in the gut microbiomes of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and healthy cohorts in China. This study aimed to identify differences in the fecal microbiomes of 66 Chinese patients with RA and 60 healthy Chinese controls. The V3-V4 variable regions of bacterial 16S rRNA genes were sequenced with the Illumina system to define the bacterial composition. The alpha-diversity index of the microbiome of the RA patients was significantly lower than that of the control group. The bacterial genera Bacteroides (p = 0.02202) and Escherichia-Shigella (p = 0.03137) were more abundant in RA patients. In contrast, Lactobacillus (p = 0.000014), Alloprevotella (p = 0.0000008615), Enterobacter (p = 0.000005759), and Odoribacter (p = 0.0000166) were less abundant in the RA group than in the control group. Spearman correlation analysis of blood physiological measures of RA showed that bacterial genera such as Dorea and Ruminococcus were positively correlated with RF-IgA and anti-CCP antibodies. Furthermore, Alloprevotella and Parabacteroides were positively correlated with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and Prevotella-2 and Alloprevotella were positively correlated with C-reactive protein, both biomarkers of inflammation. These findings suggest that the gut microbiota may contribute to RA development via interactions with the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Institute of Arthritis Research, Shanghai Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Guanghua Integrative Medicine Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Lin
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Xu
- Institute of Arthritis Research, Shanghai Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Guanghua Integrative Medicine Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyi He
- Institute of Arthritis Research, Shanghai Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Guanghua Integrative Medicine Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqing Ji
- Institute of Arthritis Research, Shanghai Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Guanghua Integrative Medicine Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqin Bian
- Institute of Arthritis Research, Shanghai Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Guanghua Integrative Medicine Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Shen
- Institute of Arthritis Research, Shanghai Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Guanghua Integrative Medicine Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingtian Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Wei Tang
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Zhiheng Pei
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,The Department of Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, United States
| | - Liying Yang
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,The Department of Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaokui Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianbo Xiao
- Institute of Arthritis Research, Shanghai Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Guanghua Integrative Medicine Hospital, Shanghai, China
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11
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Derovs A, Laivacuma S, Krumina A. Targeting Microbiota: What Do We Know about It at Present? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55080459. [PMID: 31405111 PMCID: PMC6723830 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55080459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The human microbiota is a variety of different microorganisms. The composition of microbiota varies from host to host, and it changes during the lifetime. It is known that microbiome may be changed because of a diet, bacteriophages and different processes for example, such as inflammation. Like all other areas of medicine, there is a continuous growth in the area of microbiology. Different microbes can reside in all sites of a human body, even in locations that were previously considered as sterile; for example, liver, pancreas, brain and adipose tissue. Presently one of the etiological factors for liver disease is considered to be pro-inflammatory changes in a host’s organism. There are lot of supporting data about intestinal dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability and its effect on development of liver disease pointing to the gut–liver axis. The gut–liver axis affects pathogenesis of many liver diseases, such as chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C, alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Gut microbiota has been implicated in the regulation of brain health, emphasizing the gut–brain axis. Also, experiments with mice showed that microorganisms have significant effects on the blood–brain barrier integrity. Microbiota can modulate a variety of mechanisms through the gut–liver axis and gut–brain axis. Normal intestinal flora impacts the health of a host in many positive ways, but there is now significant evidence that intestinal microbiota, especially altered, have the ability to impact the pathologies of many diseases through different inflammatory mechanisms. At this point, many of the pathophysiological reactions in case of microbial disbyosis are still unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksejs Derovs
- Riga Stradins University, Department of Internal Medicine, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia.
- Riga East Clinical University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia.
- Riga Stradins University, Department of Infectology and Dermatology, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Sniedze Laivacuma
- Riga East Clinical University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia
- Riga Stradins University, Department of Infectology and Dermatology, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Angelika Krumina
- Riga East Clinical University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia
- Riga Stradins University, Department of Infectology and Dermatology, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
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12
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Abstract
Natural products have long played a pivotal role in the development of therapeutics for a variety of diseases. Traditionally, soil and marine environments have provided a rich reservoir from which diverse chemical scaffolds could be discovered. Recently, the human microbiome has been recognized as a promising niche from which secondary metabolites with therapeutic potential have begun to be isolated. In this Review, we address how the expansive history of identifying bacterial natural products in other environments is informing the approaches being brought to bear on the study of the human microbiota. We also touch on how these tools can lead to insights about microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions and help generate biological hypotheses that may lead to developments of new therapeutic modalities.
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13
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Ó Cuív P, Giri R, Hoedt EC, McGuckin MA, Begun J, Morrison M. Enterococcus faecalis AHG0090 is a Genetically Tractable Bacterium and Produces a Secreted Peptidic Bioactive that Suppresses Nuclear Factor Kappa B Activation in Human Gut Epithelial Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:790. [PMID: 29720977 PMCID: PMC5915459 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is an early coloniser of the human infant gut and contributes to the development of intestinal immunity. To better understand the functional capacity of E. faecalis, we constructed a broad host range RP4 mobilizable vector, pEHR513112, that confers chloramphenicol resistance and used a metaparental mating approach to isolate E. faecalis AHG0090 from a fecal sample collected from a healthy human infant. We demonstrated that E. faecalis AHG0090 is genetically tractable and could be manipulated using traditional molecular microbiology approaches. E. faecalis AHG0090 was comparable to the gold-standard anti-inflammatory bacterium Faecalibacterium prausnitzii A2-165 in its ability to suppress cytokine-mediated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation in human gut-derived LS174T goblet cell like and Caco-2 enterocyte-like cell lines. E. faecalis AHG0090 and F. prausnitzii A2-165 produced secreted low molecular weight NF-κB suppressive peptidic bioactives. Both bioactives were sensitive to heat and proteinase K treatments although the E. faecalis AHG0090 bioactive was more resilient to both forms of treatment. As expected, E. faecalis AHG0090 suppressed IL-1β-induced NF-κB-p65 subunit nuclear translocation and expression of the NF-κB regulated genes IL-6, IL-8 and CXCL-10. Finally, we determined that E. faecalis AHG0090 is distantly related to other commensal strains and likely encodes niche factors that support effective colonization of the infant gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Páraic Ó Cuív
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rabina Giri
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Emily C Hoedt
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael A McGuckin
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jakob Begun
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark Morrison
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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14
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Zanfardino A, Criscuolo G, Di Luccia B, Pizzo E, Ciavatta M, Notomista E, Carpentieri A, Pezzella A, Varcamonti M. Identification of a new small bioactive peptide from Lactobacillus gasseri supernatant. Benef Microbes 2017; 8:133-141. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2016.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ten lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains, previously isolated from human ileal biopsy of healthy volunteers, were screened for production and secretion of molecules having anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activities. Because many recent reports indicate that LAB secreted molecules may exert immune-modulatory action, we also tested the effect on human intestinal HCT116 cells challenged with bacterial lipopolysaccharides. One of the Lactobacillus gasseri strains, SF1109, strongly inhibited: (1) Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth; (2) Escherichia coli biofilm production; (3) LPS induction of P-ERK1/2 in HCT116 cells, and was selected for further characterisation of the secreted active molecule. Cell-free supernatant of the L. gasseri SF1109 was analysed and one 1.3 kDa peptide has been characterised. Eight out twelve amino acids of this peptide were identified allowing the synthesis of an octa-peptide which still presented the mentioned activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Zanfardino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - G. Criscuolo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - B. Di Luccia
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - E. Pizzo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - M.L. Ciavatta
- CNR - Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - E. Notomista
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - A. Carpentieri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - A. Pezzella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - M. Varcamonti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
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15
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Mousa WK, Athar B, Merwin NJ, Magarvey NA. Antibiotics and specialized metabolites from the human microbiota. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 34:1302-1331. [DOI: 10.1039/c7np00021a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human microbiota associated with each body site produce specialized molecules to kill human pathogens. Advanced bioinformatics tools will help to discover unique microbiome chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa K. Mousa
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences & Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada L8S 4K1
| | - Bilal Athar
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences & Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada L8S 4K1
| | - Nishanth J. Merwin
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences & Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada L8S 4K1
| | - Nathan A. Magarvey
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences & Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada L8S 4K1
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16
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Bouhafs L, Moudilou EN, Exbrayat JM, Lahouel M, Idoui T. Protective effects of probioticLactobacillus plantarumBJ0021 on liver and kidney oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by endosulfan in pregnant rats. Ren Fail 2015; 37:1370-8. [PMID: 26287934 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2015.1073543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Bouhafs
- a Department of Natural and Life Science, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology , University of Jijel , Jijel , Algeria
| | - Elara N Moudilou
- b Laboratoire de Biologie Générale , Université de Lyon , Cedex , France
- c Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement Comparé , Université Catholique de Lyon, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes , Cedex , France , and
| | | | - Mesbah Lahouel
- a Department of Natural and Life Science, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology , University of Jijel , Jijel , Algeria
| | - Tayeb Idoui
- a Department of Natural and Life Science, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology , University of Jijel , Jijel , Algeria
- d Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment and Health, Faculty of Science , University of Jijel , Algeria
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17
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Kwok L, Guo Z, Zhang J, Wang L, Qiao J, Hou Q, Zheng Y, Zhang H. The impact of oral consumption of Lactobacillus plantarum P-8 on faecal bacteria revealed by pyrosequencing. Benef Microbes 2015; 6:405-13. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2014.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum P-8 (Lp-8) is a novel probiotic bacterium showing beneficial effects in human. The current study is a follow-up work of a previous clinical trial, and it aimed at understanding the mechanism of the observed desirable effects by evaluating the change in faecal bacterial structure at phylogenetic level. The genomic DNAs used for 16S rRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-pyrosequencing were obtained from the previous clinical trial. Briefly, 33 recruited subjects were given a single daily oral dose of Lp-8 (6×1010 cfu) for 4 weeks. Faecal genomic DNAs were extracted from samples collected before (day 0) and after (day 28) Lp-8 consumption from the subjects. Our results show that the consumption of Lp-8 did not result in major change in the faecal bacterial structure by principal coordinate analysis. However, multivariate analysis of variance and analysis of UniFrac metric distances at day 0 and day 28 revealed significant difference in the faecal bacterial structure upon Lp-8 treatment. Thus, the difference lied on the less abundant rather than the predominant lineages. At genus level, the relative abundance of 5 Firmicutes genera (Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus, Sporacetigenium, Blautia and Staphylococcus) significantly increased after Lp-8 consumption, whereas 3 Proteobacteria genera (Shigella, Escherichia and Enterobacter) decreased (P<0.05). 60 key responding lineages could be identified at operational taxonomic unit (OTU) level by redundancy analysis. Among them, the abundance of 18 OTUs showed significant difference (P<0.05), while 12 OTUs exhibited modest change (0.05<P<0.01) upon treatment. Our study identified a shift in the faecal bacterial structure upon Lp-8 administration, which may explain some of the previously observed beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.Y. Kwok
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Education Ministry of P. R. China, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China P.R
| | - Z. Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Education Ministry of P. R. China, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China P.R
| | - J. Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Education Ministry of P. R. China, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China P.R
| | - L. Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Education Ministry of P. R. China, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China P.R
| | - J. Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Education Ministry of P. R. China, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China P.R
| | - Q. Hou
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Education Ministry of P. R. China, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China P.R
| | - Y. Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Education Ministry of P. R. China, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China P.R
| | - H. Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Education Ministry of P. R. China, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China P.R
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China P.R
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18
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Al-Madboly LA, Abdullah AK. Potent antagonistic activity of Egyptian Lactobacillus plantarum against multiresistant and virulent food-associated pathogens. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:347. [PMID: 26029169 PMCID: PMC4428207 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have shown a growing interest to replace the administration of antibiotics with the application of probiotics. The aim of our investigation was to screen for promising strains with broad antimicrobial activity and also more resistant to the challenges met in the gastrointestinal tract. In our study, only 32 out of 50 (64%) probiotic isolates showed antagonistic activity against certain major extensively and pandrug-resistant Gram-positive and -negative food-borne pathogens. Fifteen L. plantarum isolates had a broad antibacterial spectrum. Among these isolates, only five presented potent antibacterial activity relative to previous studies. The recorded inhibition zone diameter ranged from 25 to 44 mm. Pronounced cell-free supernatant activities (6400–25,600 AU/ml) were commonly detected at the end of the logarithmic phase at 37°C. A marked increase in the range of activity (12,800–51,200 AU/ml) was recorded after the addition of 0.9% Na Cl to the media. Moreover, subjecting these isolates to different stressors, including high temperature, low pH, and different concentrations of bile and Na Cl, revealed different responses, and only two out of the five L. plantarum isolates showed marked resistance to all of the stress factors. Accordingly, this study highlights the intense and broad antagonistic activity induced by L. plantarum against various food associated pathogens, and their ability to resist different stressors suggests that they can be used in the food and pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa A Al-Madboly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University Tanta, Egypt
| | - Abeer K Abdullah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University Cairo, Egypt
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19
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Sharon G, Garg N, Debelius J, Knight R, Dorrestein PC, Mazmanian SK. Specialized metabolites from the microbiome in health and disease. Cell Metab 2014; 20:719-730. [PMID: 25440054 PMCID: PMC4337795 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The microbiota, and the genes that comprise its microbiome, play key roles in human health. Host-microbe interactions affect immunity, metabolism, development, and behavior, and dysbiosis of gut bacteria contributes to disease. Despite advances in correlating changes in the microbiota with various conditions, specific mechanisms of host-microbiota signaling remain largely elusive. We discuss the synthesis of microbial metabolites, their absorption, and potential physiological effects on the host. We propose that the effects of specialized metabolites may explain present knowledge gaps in linking the gut microbiota to biological host mechanisms during initial colonization, and in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Sharon
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Neha Garg
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Justine Debelius
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sarkis K Mazmanian
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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