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Kikuchi-Taura A, Okinaka Y, Takeuchi Y, Ogawa Y, Maeda M, Kataoka Y, Yasui T, Kimura T, Gul S, Claussen C, Boltze J, Taguchi A. Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells Activate Angiogenesis via Gap Junction-Mediated Cell-Cell Interaction. Stroke 2020; 51:1279-1289. [PMID: 32075549 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.119.028072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose- Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) are a rich source of hematopoietic stem cells and have been widely used in experimental therapies for patients with ischemic diseases. Activation of angiogenesis is believed to be one of major BM-MNC mode of actions, but the essential mechanism by which BM-MNCs activate angiogenesis have hitherto been elusive. The objective of this study is to reveal the mechanism how BM-MNCs activate angiogenesis. Methods- We have evaluated the effect of direct cell-cell interaction between BM-MNC and endothelial cell on uptake of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) into endothelial cells in vitro. Cerebral ischemia model was used to evaluate the effects of direct cell-cell interaction with transplanted BM-MNC on endothelial cell at ischemic tissue. Results- The uptake of VEGF into endothelial cells was increased by BM-MNC, while being inhibited by blockading the gap junction. Low-molecular-weight substance was transferred from BM-MNC into endothelial cells via gap junctions in vivo, followed by increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and suppression of autophagy in endothelial cells. The concentration of glucose in BM-MNC cytoplasm was significantly higher than in endothelial cells, and transfer of glucose homologue from BM-MNC to endothelial cells was observed. Conclusions- Our findings demonstrated cell-cell interaction via gap junction is the prominent pathway for activation of angiogenesis at endothelial cells after ischemia and provided novel paradigm that energy source supply by stem cell to injured cell is one of the therapeutic mechanisms of cell-based therapy. Visual Overview- An online visual overview is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akie Kikuchi-Taura
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine Research, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan (A.K.-T., Y. Okinaka, Y.T., Y. Ogawa, M.M., J.B., A.T.)
| | - Yuka Okinaka
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine Research, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan (A.K.-T., Y. Okinaka, Y.T., Y. Ogawa, M.M., J.B., A.T.)
| | - Yukiko Takeuchi
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine Research, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan (A.K.-T., Y. Okinaka, Y.T., Y. Ogawa, M.M., J.B., A.T.)
| | - Yuko Ogawa
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine Research, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan (A.K.-T., Y. Okinaka, Y.T., Y. Ogawa, M.M., J.B., A.T.)
| | - Mitsuyo Maeda
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine Research, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan (A.K.-T., Y. Okinaka, Y.T., Y. Ogawa, M.M., J.B., A.T.).,Multi-Modal Microstructure Analysis Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN, Kobe, Japan (M.M., Y.K.).,Laboratory for Cellular Function Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan (M.M., Y.K.)
| | - Yosky Kataoka
- Multi-Modal Microstructure Analysis Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN, Kobe, Japan (M.M., Y.K.).,Laboratory for Cellular Function Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan (M.M., Y.K.)
| | - Teruhito Yasui
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan (T.Y.)
| | - Takafumi Kimura
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center, Ibaraki, Japan (T.K.)
| | - Sheraz Gul
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME - ScreeningPort, Hamburg, Germany (S.G., C.C.)
| | - Carsten Claussen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME - ScreeningPort, Hamburg, Germany (S.G., C.C.)
| | - Johannes Boltze
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine Research, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan (A.K.-T., Y. Okinaka, Y.T., Y. Ogawa, M.M., J.B., A.T.).,School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom (J.B.)
| | - Akihiko Taguchi
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine Research, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan (A.K.-T., Y. Okinaka, Y.T., Y. Ogawa, M.M., J.B., A.T.)
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2
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Laso-García F, Diekhorst L, Gómez-de Frutos MC, Otero-Ortega L, Fuentes B, Ruiz-Ares G, Díez-Tejedor E, Gutiérrez-Fernández M. Cell-Based Therapies for Stroke: Promising Solution or Dead End? Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Comorbidities in Preclinical Stroke Research. Front Neurol 2019; 10:332. [PMID: 31024426 PMCID: PMC6467162 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a major health problem worldwide. It has been estimated that 90% of the population attributable risk of stroke is due to risk factors such as aging, hypertension, hyperglycemia, diabetes mellitus and obesity, among others. However, most animal models of stroke use predominantly healthy and young animals. These models ignore the main comorbidities associated with cerebrovascular disease, which could be one explanation for the unsuccessful bench-to-bedside translation of protective and regenerative strategies by not taking the patient's situation into account. This lack of success makes it important to incorporate comorbidities into animal models of stroke in order to study the effects of the various therapeutic strategies tested. Regarding cell therapy, the administration of stem cells in the acute and chronic phases has been shown to be safe and effective in experimental animal models of stroke. This review aims to show the results of studies with promising new therapeutic strategies such as mesenchymal stem cells, which are being tested in preclinical models of stroke associated with comorbidities and in elderly animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Laso-García
- Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luke Diekhorst
- Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mari Carmen Gómez-de Frutos
- Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Otero-Ortega
- Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Fuentes
- Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerardo Ruiz-Ares
- Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Exuperio Díez-Tejedor
- Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Gutiérrez-Fernández
- Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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3
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A preventive injection of endothelial progenitor cells prolongs lifespan in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:1797-1810. [PMID: 30006482 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a pressing need for new approaches to prevent stroke. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) promote vascular repair and revascularization in the ischemic brain. The present study sought to evaluate whether preventive delivery of EPCs could prevent or protect against stroke. Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-SP) received a single injection of EPCs, and their survival time was monitored. In addition, at 28 and/or 42 days after a single injection of EPCs, SHR-SP and mice were subjected to cerebral ischemia, and cerebral ischemic injury, local angiogenesis and in vivo EPC integration were determined. Other experiments examined the effects of EPC conditioned medium, and the distribution of donor EPCs taken from GFP transgenic mice. It was found that EPC-pretreated SHR-SP showed longer lifespans than untreated controls. A single preventive injection of EPCs could produce persistent protective effects against cerebral ischemic injury (lasting at least 42 days), and promote local angiogenesis in the ischemic brain, in two types of animals (SHR-SP and normotensive mice). EPCs of donor origin could be detected in the recipient peripheral blood, and integrated into the recipient ischemic brains. Furthermore, it was suggested that mouse EPCs might exert paracrine effects on cerebral ischemic injury in addition to their direct angiogenic effects. In conclusion, a single preventive injection of EPCs prolonged the lifespan of SHR-SP, and protected against cerebral ischemic injury for at least 7 weeks. It is implied that EPC injection might be a promising candidate for a preventive role in patients at high risk for stroke.
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4
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Kasahara Y, Yamahara K, Soma T, Stern DM, Nakagomi T, Matsuyama T, Taguchi A. Transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells: intra-arterial versus intravenous administration impacts stroke outcomes in a murine model. Transl Res 2016; 176:69-80. [PMID: 27164406 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Based on results of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in animal models of stroke, clinical trials with hematopoietic stem cells administered intra-arterially or intravenously have been initiated in patients. Although intra-arterial injection is expected to deliver transplanted cells more directly to the ischemic tissue, the optimal route for enhancing clinical outcomes has not been identified in the setting of stroke. In this study, we compared the therapeutic potential of intra-arterial versus intravenous injection of bone marrow derived-mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) and CD133-positive (CD133(+)) cells in a murine stroke model. We have found that intra-arterial injection of BM-MNCs exaggerates inflammation with accompanying loss of microvascular structures in poststroke brain and no improvement in cortical function. In contrast, intravenous injection of BM-MNCs did not similarly enhance inflammation and improved cortical function. Our results indicate that the optimal route of cell transplantation can vary with different cell populations and highlight possible issues that might arise with intra-arterial cell administration for acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Kasahara
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yamahara
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Soma
- Department of Hematology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - David M Stern
- Executive Dean's office, University of Tennessee, Tennessee, USA
| | - Takayuki Nakagomi
- Department of Neurogenesis and CNS repair, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Matsuyama
- Department of Neurogenesis and CNS repair, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Akihiko Taguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan.
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Gervois P, Wolfs E, Ratajczak J, Dillen Y, Vangansewinkel T, Hilkens P, Bronckaers A, Lambrichts I, Struys T. Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Ischemic Stroke: Preclinical Results and the Potential of Imaging-Assisted Evaluation of Donor Cell Fate and Mechanisms of Brain Regeneration. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:1080-1126. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Gervois
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Campus Diepenbeek; Bioville Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Esther Wolfs
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Campus Diepenbeek; Bioville Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Jessica Ratajczak
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Campus Diepenbeek; Bioville Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Yörg Dillen
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Campus Diepenbeek; Bioville Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Tim Vangansewinkel
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Campus Diepenbeek; Bioville Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Petra Hilkens
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Campus Diepenbeek; Bioville Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Campus Diepenbeek; Bioville Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Campus Diepenbeek; Bioville Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Tom Struys
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Campus Diepenbeek; Bioville Diepenbeek Belgium
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6
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Vahidy FS, Rahbar MH, Zhu H, Rowan PJ, Bambhroliya AB, Savitz SI. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Bone Marrow-Derived Mononuclear Cells in Animal Models of Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2016; 47:1632-9. [PMID: 27165959 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.012701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) offer the promise of augmenting poststroke recovery. There is mounting evidence of safety and efficacy of BMMNCs from preclinical studies of ischemic stroke; however, their pooled effects have not been described. METHODS Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines, we conducted a systematic review of preclinical literature for intravenous use of BMMNCs followed by meta-analyses of histological and behavioral outcomes. Studies were selected based on predefined criteria. Data were abstracted by 2 independent investigators. After quality assessment, the pooled effects were generated using mixed-effect models. Impact of possible biases on estimated effect size was evaluated. RESULTS Standardized mean difference and 95% confidence interval for reduction in lesion volume was significantly beneficial for BMMNC treatment (standardized mean difference: -3.3; 95% confidence interval, -4.3 to -2.3). n=113 each for BMMNC and controls. BMMNC-treated animals (n=161) also had improved function measured by cylinder test (standardized mean difference: -2.4; 95% confidence interval, -3.1 to -1.6), as compared with controls (n=205). A trend for benefit was observed for adhesive removal test and neurological deficit score. Study quality score (median: 6; Q1-Q3: 5-7) was correlated with year of publication. There was funnel plot asymmetry; however, the pooled effects were robust to the correction of this bias and remained significant in favor of BMMNC treatment. CONCLUSIONS BMMNCs demonstrate beneficial effects across histological and behavioral outcomes in animal ischemic stroke models. Although study quality has improved over time, considerable degree of heterogeneity calls for standardization in the conduct and reporting of experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhaan S Vahidy
- From the Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School (F.S.V., A.B.B., S.I.S.), Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences (M.H.R.), Department of Biostatistics (H.Z.), and Department of Management, Policy and Community Health (P.J.R.), School of Public Health, University of Texas Health at Houston.
| | - Mohammad H Rahbar
- From the Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School (F.S.V., A.B.B., S.I.S.), Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences (M.H.R.), Department of Biostatistics (H.Z.), and Department of Management, Policy and Community Health (P.J.R.), School of Public Health, University of Texas Health at Houston
| | - Hongjian Zhu
- From the Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School (F.S.V., A.B.B., S.I.S.), Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences (M.H.R.), Department of Biostatistics (H.Z.), and Department of Management, Policy and Community Health (P.J.R.), School of Public Health, University of Texas Health at Houston
| | - Paul J Rowan
- From the Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School (F.S.V., A.B.B., S.I.S.), Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences (M.H.R.), Department of Biostatistics (H.Z.), and Department of Management, Policy and Community Health (P.J.R.), School of Public Health, University of Texas Health at Houston
| | - Arvind B Bambhroliya
- From the Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School (F.S.V., A.B.B., S.I.S.), Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences (M.H.R.), Department of Biostatistics (H.Z.), and Department of Management, Policy and Community Health (P.J.R.), School of Public Health, University of Texas Health at Houston
| | - Sean I Savitz
- From the Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School (F.S.V., A.B.B., S.I.S.), Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences (M.H.R.), Department of Biostatistics (H.Z.), and Department of Management, Policy and Community Health (P.J.R.), School of Public Health, University of Texas Health at Houston
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7
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Long Q, Hei Y, Luo Q, Tian Y, Yang J, Li J, Wei L, Liu W. BMSCs transplantation improves cognitive impairment via up-regulation of hippocampal GABAergic system in a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Neuroscience 2015; 311:464-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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8
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Popa-Wagner A, Buga AM, Doeppner TR, Hermann DM. Stem cell therapies in preclinical models of stroke associated with aging. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:347. [PMID: 25404892 PMCID: PMC4217499 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke has limited treatment options, demanding a vigorous search for new therapeutic strategies. Initial enthusiasm to stimulate restorative processes in the ischemic brain by means of cell-based therapies has meanwhile converted into a more balanced view recognizing impediments related to unfavorable environments that are in part related to aging processes. Since stroke afflicts mostly the elderly, it is highly desirable and clinically important to test the efficacy of cell therapies in aged brain microenvironments. Although widely believed to be refractory to regeneration, recent studies using both neural precursor cells and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for stroke therapy suggest that the aged rat brain is not refractory to cell-based therapy, and that it also supports plasticity and remodeling. Yet, important differences exist in the aged compared with young brain, i.e., the accelerated progression of ischemic injury to brain infarction, the reduced rate of endogenous neurogenesis and the delayed initiation of neurological recovery. Pitfalls in the development of cell-based therapies may also be related to age-associated comorbidities, e.g., diabetes or hyperlipidemia, which may result in maladaptive or compromised brain remodeling, respectively. These age-related aspects should be carefully considered in the clinical translation of restorative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurel Popa-Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry, Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Medicine Rostock Rostock, Germany ; Department of Functional Sciences, Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova Craiova, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Buga
- Department of Psychiatry, Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Medicine Rostock Rostock, Germany ; Department of Functional Sciences, Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova Craiova, Romania
| | | | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen Essen, Germany
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9
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Li Y, Hua X, Hua F, Mao W, Wan L, Li S. Are bone marrow regenerative cells ideal seed cells for the treatment of cerebral ischemia? Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:1201-9. [PMID: 25206414 PMCID: PMC4107607 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.13.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow cells for the treatment of ischemic brain injury may depend on the secretion of a large number of neurotrophic factors. Bone marrow regenerative cells are capable of increasing the secretion of neurotrophic factors. In this study, after tail vein injection of 5-fluorouracil for 7 days, bone marrow cells and bone marrow regenerative cells were isolated from the tibias and femurs of rats, and then administered intravenously via the tail vein after focal cerebral ischemia. Immunohistological staining and reverse transcription-PCR detection showed that transplanted bone marrow cells and bone marrow regenerative cells could migrate and survive in the ischemic regions, such as the cortical and striatal infarction zone. These cells promote vascular endothelial cell growth factor mRNA expression in the ischemic marginal zone surrounding the ischemic penumbra of the cortical and striatal infarction zone, and have great advantages in promoting the recovery of neurological function, reducing infarct size and promoting angiogenesis. Bone marrow regenerative cells exhibited stronger neuroprotective effects than bone marrow cells. Our experimental findings indicate that bone marrow regenerative cells are preferable over bone marrow cells for cell therapy for neural regeneration after cerebral ischemia. Their neuroprotective effect is largely due to their ability to induce the secretion of factors that promote vascular regeneration, such as vascular endothelial growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuming Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fang Hua
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brain Research Laboratory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Wenwei Mao
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Liang Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shiting Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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10
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Coelho BP, Giraldi-Guimarães A. Effect of age and gender on recovery after stroke in rats treated with bone marrow mononuclear cells. Neurosci Res 2014; 88:67-73. [PMID: 25176441 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a disease of the elderly. However, most of the preclinical studies about the treatment of stroke with bone marrow-derived cells have used young animals. Here, it was assessed whether the sensorimotor recovery promoted by the treatment of the brain ischemia with the bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) is influenced by age and/or gender. Unilateral cortical ischemia by thermocoagulation was made in the primary motor and sensorimotor cortices in young and middle-aged rats of both genders. Twenty four hours after ischemia, animals received intravenous injection of BMMCs or vehicle. Each combination of age and gender received BMMCs from donor with the same combination. Survival rate and ischemic lesion size were quantified. Sensorimotor recovery was evaluated by the cylinder and adhesive tests. The results showed that the treatment with BMMCs resulted in sensorimotor recovery of both young and middle-aged ischemic rats. No important effect of gender was found, but age was a significant factor. Middle-aged animals had increased mortality and lesion sizes. In the adhesive test, middle-aged animals had lower BMMCs-induced sensorimotor recovery. The results suggest that the treatment of stroke with the BMMCs should be beneficial for males and females in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Paula Coelho
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Arthur Giraldi-Guimarães
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil.
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11
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Gong M, Yu B, Wang YG, Xu M. Bone marrow rejuvenation. An excellent potential therapy for age-related endothelial dysfunction. Circ J 2013; 77:2886-8. [PMID: 24132244 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-13-1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Gong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center
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12
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Comparison of the therapeutic effects of bone marrow mononuclear cells and microglia for permanent cerebral ischemia. Behav Brain Res 2013; 250:222-9. [PMID: 23685323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this study we transplanted bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) or microglia into rats that had undergone permanent cerebral ischemia and observed the distribution or morphology of transplanted cells in vivo. In addition, we compared the effects of BM-MNCs and microglia on infarct volume, brain water content, and functional outcome after permanent cerebral ischemia. BM-MNCs and microglia were obtained from femur and brain, respectively, of newborn rats. Adult rats were injected with vehicle or 3 million BM-MNCs or microglia via the tail vein 24h after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). The distribution or morphologic characteristics of transplanted BM-MNCs (double stained with BrdU/Cd34 or BrdU/CD45) and microglia (double stained with BrdU/Iba-1) were detected with immunofluorescent staining at 3 or 7 and 14 days after pMCAO. Functional deficits were assessed by the modified neurologic severity score at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after pMCAO. Brain water content was assessed at 3 days, and infarct volume was determined at 14 days. We observed more BrdU/CD45 and BrdU/Iba-1 double-stained cells than BrdU/CD34 double-stained cells around the infarcted area. Some infused microglia showed the morphology of innate microglia at 7 days after pMCAO, and the number increased at 14 days. BM-MNC-treated rats showed significantly reduced infarct volume and brain water content compared to vehicle- and microglia-treated rats. In addition, BM-MNC treatment reduced neurologic deficit scores compared to those in the other groups. The results provide evidence that infusion of BM-MNCs, but not microglia, is neuroprotective after permanent cerebral ischemia.
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13
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Ström JO, Ingberg E, Theodorsson A, Theodorsson E. Method parameters' impact on mortality and variability in rat stroke experiments: a meta-analysis. BMC Neurosci 2013; 14:41. [PMID: 23548160 PMCID: PMC3637133 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-14-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Even though more than 600 stroke treatments have been shown effective in preclinical studies, clinically proven treatment alternatives for cerebral infarction remain scarce. Amongst the reasons for the discrepancy may be methodological shortcomings, such as high mortality and outcome variability, in the preclinical studies. A common approach in animal stroke experiments is that A) focal cerebral ischemia is inflicted, B) some type of treatment is administered and C) the infarct sizes are assessed. However, within this paradigm, the researcher has to make numerous methodological decisions, including choosing rat strain and type of surgical procedure. Even though a few studies have attempted to address the questions experimentally, a lack of consensus regarding the optimal methodology remains. Methods We therefore meta-analyzed data from 502 control groups described in 346 articles to find out how rat strain, procedure for causing focal cerebral ischemia and the type of filament coating affected mortality and infarct size variability. Results The Wistar strain and intraluminal filament procedure using a silicone coated filament was found optimal in lowering infarct size variability. The direct and endothelin methods rendered lower mortality rate, whereas the embolus method increased it compared to the filament method. Conclusions The current article provides means for researchers to adjust their middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) protocols to minimize infarct size variability and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob O Ström
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden.
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Decano JL, Moran AM, Giordano N, Ruiz-Opazo N, Herrera VLM. Analysis of CD45- [CD34+/KDR+] endothelial progenitor cells as juvenile protective factors in a rat model of ischemic-hemorrhagic stroke. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55222. [PMID: 23383116 PMCID: PMC3561358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Identification of juvenile protective factors (JPFs) which are altered with age and contribute to adult-onset diseases could identify novel pathways for reversing the effects of age, an accepted non-modifiable risk factor to adult-onset diseases. Since endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been observed to be altered in stroke, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, said EPCs are candidate JPFs for adult-onset stroke. A priori, if EPC aging plays a ‘master-switch JPF-role’ in stroke pathogenesis, juvenile EPC therapy alone should delay stroke-onset. Using a hypertensive, transgenic-hyperlipidemic rat model of spontaneous ischemic-hemorrhagic stroke, spTg25, we tested the hypothesis that freshly isolated juvenile EPCs are JPFs that can attenuate stroke progression and delay stroke onset. Methodology/Principal Findings FACS analysis revealed that cd45- [cd34+/kdr+] EPCs decrease with progression to stroke in spTg25 rats, exhibit differential expression of the dual endodthelin-1/VEGFsp receptor (DEspR) and undergo differential DEspR-subtype specific changes in number and in vitro angiogenic tube-incorporation. In vivo EPC infusion of male, juvenile non-expanded cd45-[cd34+/kdr+] EPCs into female stroke-prone rats prior to stroke attenuated progression and delayed stroke onset (P<0.003). Detection of Y-chromosome DNA in brain microvessels of EPC-treated female spTg25 rats indicates integration of male EPCs into female rat brain microvessels. Gradient-echo MRI showed delay of ischemic-hemorrhagic lesions in EPC-treated rats. Real-time RT-PCR pathway-specific array-analysis revealed age-associated gene expression changes in cd45-[cd34+/kdr]EPC subtypes, which were accelerated in stroke-prone rats. Pro-angiogenic genes implicated in intimal hyperplasia were increased in stroke-prone rat EPCs (P<0.0001), suggesting a maladaptive endothelial repair system which acts like a double-edged sword repairing while predisposing to age-associated intimal hyperplasia. Conclusions/Significance Altogether, the data demonstrate that cd45-[cd34/kdr+]EPCs are juvenile protective factors for ischemic hemorrhagic stroke as modeled in the spTg25-rat model. The ability to delay stroke onset emphasizes the importance of EPC-mediated roles in vascular health for ischemic-hemorrhagic stroke, a high unmet need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius L. Decano
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ann Marie Moran
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Giordano
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nelson Ruiz-Opazo
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Victoria L. M. Herrera
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Age-related changes in endothelial function and blood flow regulation. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 133:159-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Kasahara Y, Nakagomi T, Matsuyama T, Stern D, Taguchi A. Cilostazol Reduces the Risk of Hemorrhagic Infarction After Administration of Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator in a Murine Stroke Model. Stroke 2012; 43:499-506. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.111.635417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
Prior use of antiplatelet agents improves stroke outcome in patients undergoing thrombolytic therapy as shown by reduced arterial reocclusion, although the risk of cerebral hemorrhage can be increased.
Methods—
The effect of cilostazol, an antiplatelet drug that improves endothelial function through upregulation of intracellular cAMP, on cerebral hemorrhage after thrombolytic therapy was investigated using a highly reproducible transient ischemia model.
Results—
Treatment with cilostazol for 7 days before ischemia significantly suppressed the risk and severity of cerebral hemorrhage after injection of tissue-type plasminogen activator, although treatment with aspirin had no such protective effect compared with nontreated mice. Immunohistological analysis revealed that treatment with cilostazol suppressed disruption of the microvasculature in the ischemic area associated with reduced matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity.
Conclusions—
Our results suggest that patients treated with cilostazol before onset of stroke could have a lower risk of cerebral hemorrhage after thrombolytic therapy and might also have a longer therapeutic time window for thrombolysis. Furthermore, the risk of cerebral hemorrhage can be significantly altered by prestroke therapies, and analysis of the effects of multiple drugs on tissue-type plasminogen activator-induced cerebral hemorrhage in animal models is essential for the extending safe and effective thrombolytic therapy to a wider group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Kasahara
- From the Department of Cerebrovascular Disease (Y.K., A.T.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan; the Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences (T.N., T.M.), Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; and the Executive Dean's Office (D.S.), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | - Takayuki Nakagomi
- From the Department of Cerebrovascular Disease (Y.K., A.T.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan; the Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences (T.N., T.M.), Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; and the Executive Dean's Office (D.S.), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | - Tomohiro Matsuyama
- From the Department of Cerebrovascular Disease (Y.K., A.T.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan; the Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences (T.N., T.M.), Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; and the Executive Dean's Office (D.S.), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | - David Stern
- From the Department of Cerebrovascular Disease (Y.K., A.T.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan; the Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences (T.N., T.M.), Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; and the Executive Dean's Office (D.S.), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | - Akihiko Taguchi
- From the Department of Cerebrovascular Disease (Y.K., A.T.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan; the Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences (T.N., T.M.), Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; and the Executive Dean's Office (D.S.), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
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