1
|
Martini APR, Schlemmer LM, Lucio Padilha JA, Fabres RB, Couto Pereira NDS, Pereira LO, Dalmaz C, Netto CA. Acrobatic training prevents learning impairments and astrocyte remodeling in the hippocampus of rats undergoing chronic cerebral hypoperfusion: sex-specific benefits. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2024; 5:1375561. [PMID: 38939055 PMCID: PMC11208732 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2024.1375561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Background Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) leads to memory and learning impairments associated with degeneration and gliosis in the hippocampus. Treatment with physical exercise carries different therapeutic benefits for each sex. We investigated the effects of acrobatic training on astrocyte remodeling in the CA1 and CA3 subfields of the hippocampus and spatial memory impairment in male and female rats at different stages of the two-vessel occlusion (2VO) model. Methods Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups of males and females: 2VO acrobatic, 2VO sedentary, sham acrobatic, and sham sedentary. The acrobatic training was performed for 4 weeks prior to the 2VO procedure. Brain samples were collected for morphological and biochemical analysis at 3 and 7 days after 2VO. The dorsal hippocampi were removed and prepared for Western blot quantification of Akt, p-Akt, COX IV, cleaved caspase-3, PARP, and GFAP. GFAP immunofluorescence was performed on slices of the hippocampus to count astrocytes and apply the Sholl's circle technique. The Morris water maze was run after 45 days of 2VO. Results Acutely, the trained female rats showed increased PARP expression, and the 2VO-trained rats of both sexes presented increased GFAP levels in Western blot. Training, mainly in males, induced an increase in the number of astrocytes in the CA1 subfield. The 2VO rats presented branched astrocytes, while acrobatic training prevented branching. However, the 2VO-induced spatial memory impairment was partially prevented by the acrobatic training. Conclusion Acrobatic training restricted the astrocytic remodeling caused by 2VO in the CA1 and CA3 subfields of the hippocampus. The improvement in spatial memory was associated with more organized glial scarring in the trained rats and better cell viability observed in females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Rodrigues Martini
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Livia Machado Schlemmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Joelma Alves Lucio Padilha
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafael Bandeira Fabres
- Department of Pediatrics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Natividade de Sá Couto Pereira
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, Psychology Research Center, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Lenir Orlandi Pereira
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carla Dalmaz
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Netto
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dong W, Zhang W, Yuan L, Xie Y, Li Y, Li K, Zhu W. Rescuers from the Other Shore: Intercellular Mitochondrial Transfer and Its Implications in Central Nervous System Injury and Diseases. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023. [PMID: 36867301 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
As the powerhouse and core of cellular metabolism and survival, mitochondria are the essential organelle in mammalian cells and maintain cellular homeostasis by changing their content and morphology to meet demands through mitochondrial quality control. It has been observed that mitochondria can move between cells under physiological and pathophysiological conditions, which provides a novel strategy for preserving mitochondrial homeostasis and also a therapeutic target for applications in clinical settings. Therefore, in this review, we will summarize currently known mechanisms of intercellular mitochondrial transfer, including modes, triggers, and functions. Due to the highly demanded energy and indispensable intercellular linkages of the central nervous system (CNS), we highlight the mitochondrial transfer in CNS. We also discuss future application possibilities and difficulties that need to be addressed in the treatment of CNS injury and diseases. This clarification should shed light on its potential clinical applications as a promising therapeutic target in neurological diseases. Intercellular mitochondrial transfer maintains the homeostasis of central nervous system (CNS), and its alteration is related to several neurological diseases. Supplementing exogenous mitochondrial donor cells and mitochondria, or utilizing some medications to regulate the process of transfer might mitigate the disease and injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weichen Dong
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Iron Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Iron Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Linying Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yunzi Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kuanyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Iron Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Wusheng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Martini APR, Hoeper E, Pedroso TA, Carvalho AVS, Odorcyk FK, Fabres RB, Pereira NDSC, Netto CA. Effects of acrobatic training on spatial memory and astrocytic scar in CA1 subfield of hippocampus after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in male and female rats. Behav Brain Res 2022; 430:113935. [PMID: 35605797 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion leads to neuronal loss in the hippocampus and spatial memory impairments. Physical exercise is known to prevent cognitive deficits in animal models; and there is evidence of sex differences in behavioral neuroprotective approaches. The aim of present study was to investigate the effects of acrobatic training in male and female rats submitted to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Males and females rats underwent 2VO (two-vessel occlusion) surgery and were randomly allocated into 4 groups of males and 4 groups of females, as follows: 2VO acrobatic, 2VO sedentary, Sham acrobatic and Sham sedentary. The acrobatic training started 45 days after surgery and lasted 4 weeks; animals were then submitted to object recognition and water maze testing. Brain samples were collected for histological and morphological assessment and flow cytometry. 2VO causes cognitive impairments and acrobatic training prevented spatial memory deficits assessed in the water maze, mainly for females. Morphological analysis showed that 2VO animals had less NeuN labeling and acrobatic training prevented it. Increased number of GFAP positive cells was observerd in females; moreover, males had more branched astrocytes and acrobatic training prevented the branching after 2VO. Flow cytometry showed higher mitochondrial potential in trained animals and more reactive oxygen species production in males. Acrobatic training promoted neuronal survival and improved mitochondrial function in both sexes, and influenced the glial scar in a sex-dependent manner, associated to greater cognitive benefit to females after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Rodrigues Martini
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Eduarda Hoeper
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduation in Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Thales Avila Pedroso
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduation in Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andrey Vinicios Soares Carvalho
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Kawa Odorcyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Bandeira Fabres
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Natividade de Sá Couto Pereira
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Netto
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wolf VL, Ergul A. Progress and challenges in preclinical stroke recovery research. Brain Circ 2021; 7:230-240. [PMID: 35071838 PMCID: PMC8757504 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_33_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant innovations in the management of acute ischemic stroke have led to an increased incidence in the long-term complications of stroke. Therefore, there is an urgent need for improvements in and refinement of rehabilitation interventions that can lead to functional and neuropsychological recovery. The goal of this review is to summarize the current progress and challenges involved with preclinical stroke recovery research. Moving forward, stroke recovery research should be placing an increased emphasis on the incorporation of comorbid diseases and biological variables in preclinical models in order to overcome translational roadblocks to establishing successful clinical rehabilitation interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Lea Wolf
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Adviye Ergul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Livingston JM, McDonald MW, Gagnon T, Jeffers MS, Gomez-Smith M, Antonescu S, Cron GO, Boisvert C, Lacoste B, Corbett D. Influence of metabolic syndrome on cerebral perfusion and cognition. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 137:104756. [PMID: 31978604 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is associated with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) and memory deficits, and often occurs concurrently with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Despite their common occurrence, it is unknown whether CCH and MetS act synergistically to exacerbate VCI-associated pathology. Here, using male Sprague-Dawley rats, we examined the effects of a clinically relevant model of adolescent-onset MetS and adult-onset CCH on neuro-vascular outcomes, combining a cafeteria diet with a 2-vessel occlusion (2VO) model. Using longitudinal imaging, histology, and behavioural assessments, we identified several features of MetS and CCH including reduced cerebral blood volume, white matter atrophy, alterations in hippocampal cell density, and memory impairment. Furthermore, we identified a number of significant associations, potentially predictive of MetS and pathophysiological outcomes. White matter volume was positively correlated to HDL cholesterol; hippocampal cell density was negatively correlated to fasted blood glucose; cerebral blood flow and volume was negatively predicted by the combination of 2VO surgery and increased fasted blood glucose. These results emphasize the importance of including comorbid conditions when modeling VCI, and they outline a highly translational preclinical model that could be used to investigate potential interventions to mitigate VCI-associated pathology and cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Livingston
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew W McDonald
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Therese Gagnon
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew S Jeffers
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mariana Gomez-Smith
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sabina Antonescu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Greg O Cron
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Neuroscience Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Carlie Boisvert
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Neuroscience Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Baptiste Lacoste
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Neuroscience Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dale Corbett
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Ottawa, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schuch CP, Balbinot G, Jeffers MS, McDonald MW, Dykes A, Kuhl LM, Corbett D. An RFID-based activity tracking system to monitor individual rodent behavior in environmental enrichment: Implications for post-stroke cognitive recovery. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 324:108306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
7
|
Liu K, Guo L, Zhou Z, Pan M, Yan C. Mesenchymal stem cells transfer mitochondria into cerebral microvasculature and promote recovery from ischemic stroke. Microvasc Res 2019; 123:74-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
8
|
McDonald MW, Hayward KS, Rosbergen ICM, Jeffers MS, Corbett D. Is Environmental Enrichment Ready for Clinical Application in Human Post-stroke Rehabilitation? Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:135. [PMID: 30050416 PMCID: PMC6050361 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental enrichment (EE) has been widely used as a means to enhance brain plasticity mechanisms (e.g., increased dendritic branching, synaptogenesis, etc.) and improve behavioral function in both normal and brain-damaged animals. In spite of the demonstrated efficacy of EE for enhancing brain plasticity, it has largely remained a laboratory phenomenon with little translation to the clinical setting. Impediments to the implementation of enrichment as an intervention for human stroke rehabilitation and a lack of clinical translation can be attributed to a number of factors not limited to: (i) concerns that EE is actually the "normal state" for animals, whereas standard housing is a form of impoverishment; (ii) difficulty in standardizing EE conditions across clinical sites; (iii) the exact mechanisms underlying the beneficial actions of enrichment are largely correlative in nature; (iv) a lack of knowledge concerning what aspects of enrichment (e.g., exercise, socialization, cognitive stimulation) represent the critical or active ingredients for enhancing brain plasticity; and (v) the required "dose" of enrichment is unknown, since most laboratory studies employ continuous periods of enrichment, a condition that most clinicians view as impractical. In this review article, we summarize preclinical stroke recovery studies that have successfully utilized EE to promote functional recovery and highlight the potential underlying mechanisms. Subsequently, we discuss how EE is being applied in a clinical setting and address differences in preclinical and clinical EE work to date. It is argued that the best way forward is through the careful alignment of preclinical and clinical rehabilitation research. A combination of both approaches will allow research to fully address gaps in knowledge and facilitate the implementation of EE to the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W McDonald
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn S Hayward
- Stroke Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Ingrid C M Rosbergen
- Division of Physiotherapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Allied Health Services, Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service, Birtinya, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew S Jeffers
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dale Corbett
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sun MK. Potential Therapeutics for Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:1036-1044. [PMID: 29046153 PMCID: PMC6120112 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666171016164734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the human lifespan increases, the number of people affected by agerelated dementia is growing at an epidemic pace. Vascular pathology dramatically affects cognitive profiles, resulting in dementia and cognitive impairment. While vascular dementia itself constitutes a medical challenge, hypo-perfusion/vascular risk factors enhance amyloid toxicity and other memory- damaging factors and hasten Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other memory disorders' progression, as well as negatively affect treatment outcome. METHODS Research and online content related to vascular cognitive impairment and dementia is reviewed, specifically focusing on the potential treatment of the disorder. RESULTS Few therapeutic options are currently available to improve the prognosis of patients with vascular dementia and cognitive impairment, mixed AD dementia with vascular pathology, or other memory disorders. Emerging evidence, however, indicates that, like AD and other memory disorders, synaptic impairment underlies much of the memory impairment in the cognitive decline of vascular cognitive impairment and vascular dementia. CONCLUSION Effective rescues of the memory functions might be achieved through synaptic and memory therapeutics, targeting distinct molecular signaling pathways that support the formation of new synapses and maintaining their connections. Potential therapeutic agents include: 1) memory therapeutic agents that rescue synaptic and memory functions after the brain insults; 2) antipathologic therapeutics and an effective management of vascular risk factors; and 3) preventative therapeutic agents that achieve memory therapy through functional enhancement. These therapeutic agents are also likely to benefit patients with AD and/or other types of memory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Kun Sun
- Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, 8 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, West Virginia26505, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jackson PA, Pialoux V, Corbett D, Drogos L, Erickson KI, Eskes GA, Poulin MJ. Promoting brain health through exercise and diet in older adults: a physiological perspective. J Physiol 2016; 594:4485-98. [PMID: 27524792 DOI: 10.1113/jp271270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise in incidence of age-related cognitive impairment is a global health concern. Ageing is associated with a number of changes in the brain that, collectively, contribute to the declines in cognitive function observed in older adults. Structurally, the ageing brain atrophies as white and grey matter volumes decrease. Oxidative stress and inflammation promote endothelial dysfunction thereby hampering cerebral perfusion and thus delivery of energy substrates and nutrients. Further, the development of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles contributes to neuronal loss. Of interest, there are substantial inter-individual differences in the degree to which these physical and functional changes impact upon cognitive function as we grow older. This review describes how engaging in physical activity and cognitive activities and adhering to a Mediterranean style diet promote 'brain health'. From a physiological perspective, we discuss the effects of these modifiable lifestyle behaviours on the brain, and how some recent human trials are beginning to show some promise as to the effectiveness of lifestyle behaviours in combating cognitive impairment. Moreover, we propose that these lifestyle behaviours, through numerous mechanisms, serve to increase brain, cerebrovascular and cognitive reserve, thereby preserving and enhancing cognitive function for longer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippa A Jackson
- Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Dale Corbett
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren Drogos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gail A Eskes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Marc J Poulin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lin Y, Lu X, Dong J, He X, Yan T, Liang H, Sui M, Zheng X, Liu H, Zhao J, Lu X. Involuntary, Forced and Voluntary Exercises Equally Attenuate Neurocognitive Deficits in Vascular Dementia by the BDNF-pCREB Mediated Pathway. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:1839-48. [PMID: 26240057 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1673-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A rat model of vascular dementia was used to compare the effects of involuntary exercise induced by functional electrical stimulation (FES), forced exercise and voluntary exercise on the recovery of cognitive function recovery and its underlying mechanisms. In an involuntary exercise (I-EX) group, FES was used to induce involuntary gait-like running on ladder at 12 m/min. A forced exercise group (F-EX) and a voluntary exercise group (V-EX) exercised by wheel running. The Barnes maze was used for behavioral assessment. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) positive cells in hippocampal CA1, CA2/3 and dentate gyrus (DG) regions were evaluated using immunohistochemical methods. Western blotting was used to assess the levels of BDNF, phosphorylated protein kinase B (Akt), tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 and 2 (MEK1/2), ERK1/2 and CREB in BDNF-pCREB signaling in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Involuntary, forced and voluntary exercises were all found to reverse the cognitive deficits of vascular dementia with about equal effectiveness. The number of BDNF, pCREB and pERK1/2 immunopositive cells was significantly increased in the hippocampal CA1, CA2/3 and DG regions in all three exercise groups. In addition, involuntary exercise activated BDNF and the phosphorylation of Akt, TrkB, MEK1/2, ERK1/2 and CREB in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex equally as well as voluntary or forced exercise. These results suggest that involuntary exercise induced by FES may be as beneficial for alleviating cognitive deficits after cerebral ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 26 Erheng Road, Yuan Village, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|