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Zhang Y, Li JN, Wang JX, Li YF, Kallenborn R, Xiao H, Cai MG, Tang ZH, Zhang ZF. High-throughput screening of 222 pesticides in road environments in a megacity of northern China: A new approach to urban population exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 257:119379. [PMID: 38851374 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
A large number of pesticides have been widely manufactured and applied, and are released into the environment with negative impact on human health. Pesticides are largely used in densely populated urban environments, in green zones, along roads and on private properties. In order to characterize the potential exposure related health effects of pesticide and their occurrence in the urban environment, 222 pesticides were screened and quantified in 228 road dust and 156 green-belt soil samples in autumn and spring from Harbin, a megacity in China, using GC-MS/MS base quantitative trace analysis. The results showed that a total of 33 pesticides were detected in road dust and green-belt soil, with the total concentrations of 650 and 236 ng/g (dry weight = dw), respectively. The concentrations of pesticides in road dust were significantly higher than that in green-belt soil. Pesticides in the environment were influenced by the seasons, with the highest concentrations of insecticides in autumn and the highest levels of herbicides in spring. In road dust, the concentrations of highways in autumn and spring (with the mean values of 94.1 and 68.2 ng/g dw) were much lower than that of the other road classes (arterial roads, sub-arterial roads and branch ways). Whereas in the green-belt soil, there was no significant difference in the concentration of pesticides between the different road classes. A first risk assessment was conducted to evaluate the potential adverse health effects of the pesticides, the results showed that the highest hazard index (HI) for a single pesticide in dust and soil was 0.12, the hazard index for children was higher than that for adults, with an overall hazard index of less than 1. Our results indicated that pesticide levels do not have a significant health impact on people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jin-Nong Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jian-Xin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; IJRC-PTS-NA, Toronto, M2N 6X9, Canada
| | - Roland Kallenborn
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology & Food Sciences (KBM), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås NO-1432, Norway
| | - Hang Xiao
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ming-Gang Cai
- Coastal and Ocean Management Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
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Petit P, Gondard E, Gandon G, Moreaud O, Sauvée M, Bonneterre V. Agricultural activities and risk of Alzheimer's disease: the TRACTOR project, a nationwide retrospective cohort study. Eur J Epidemiol 2024; 39:271-287. [PMID: 38195954 PMCID: PMC10995077 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-023-01079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Data regarding Alzheimer's disease (AD) occurrence in farming populations is lacking. This study aimed to investigate whether, among the entire French farm manager (FM) workforce, certain agricultural activities are more strongly associated with AD than others, using nationwide data from the TRACTOR (Tracking and monitoring occupational risks in agriculture) project. Administrative health insurance data (digital electronic health/medical records and insurance claims) for the entire French agricultural workforce, over the period 2002-2016, on the entire mainland France were used to estimate the risk of AD for 26 agricultural activities with Cox proportional hazards model. For each analysis (one for each activity), the exposed group included all FMs that performed the activity of interest (e.g. crop farming), while the reference group included all FMs who did not carry out the activity of interest (e.g. FMs that never farmed crops between 2002 and 2016). There were 5067 cases among 1,036,069 FMs who worked at least one year between 2002 and 2016. Analyses showed higher risks of AD for crop farming (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.72 [3.47-3.98]), viticulture (HR = 1.29 [1.18-1.42]), and fruit arboriculture (HR = 1.36 [1.15-1.62]). By contrast, lower risks of AD were found for several animal farming types, in particular for poultry and rabbit farming (HR = 0.29 [0.20-0.44]), ovine and caprine farming (HR = 0.50 [0.41-0.61]), mixed dairy and cow farming (HR = 0.46 [0.37-0.57]), dairy farming (HR = 0.67 [0.61-0.73]), and pig farming (HR = 0.30 [0.18-0.52]). This study shed some light on the association between a wide range of agricultural activities and AD in the entire French FMs population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Petit
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France.
- Centre Régional de Pathologies Professionnelles et Environnementales, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France.
- AGEIS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Elise Gondard
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Gérald Gandon
- Centre Régional de Pathologies Professionnelles et Environnementales, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Moreaud
- Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition, UMR 5105, CNRS, LPNC, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Mathilde Sauvée
- Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition, UMR 5105, CNRS, LPNC, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Bonneterre
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
- Centre Régional de Pathologies Professionnelles et Environnementales, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
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Šulc L, Figueiredo D, Huss A, Kalina J, Gregor P, Janoš T, Šenk P, Dalecká A, Andrýsková L, Kodeš V, Čupr P. Current-use pesticide exposure pathways in Czech adults and children from the CELSPAC-SPECIMEn cohort. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 181:108297. [PMID: 37939438 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, we aimed to characterise exposure to pyrethroids, organophosphates, and tebuconazole through multiple pathways in 110 parent-child pairs participating in the CELSPAC-SPECIMEn study. METHODS First, we estimated the daily intake (EDI) of pesticides based on measured urinary metabolites. Second, we compared EDI with estimated pesticide intake from food. We used multiple linear regression to identify the main predictors of urinary pesticide concentrations. We also assessed the relationship between urinary pesticide concentrations and organic and non-organic food consumption while controlling for a range of factors. Finally, we employed a model to estimate inhalation and dermal exposure due to spray drift and volatilization after assuming pesticide application in crop fields. RESULTS EDI was often higher in children in comparison to adults, especially in the winter season. A comparison of food intake estimates and EDI suggested diet as a critical pathway of tebuconazole exposure, less so in the case of organophosphates. Regression models showed that consumption per g of peaches/apricots was associated with an increase of 0.37% CI [0.23% to 0.51%] in urinary tebuconazole metabolite concentrations. Consumption of white bread was associated with an increase of 0.21% CI [0.08% to 0.35%], and consumption of organic strawberries was inversely associated (-61.52% CI [-79.34% to -28.32%]), with urinary pyrethroid metabolite concentrations. Inhalation and dermal exposure seemed to represent a relatively small contribution to pesticide exposure as compared to dietary intake. CONCLUSION In our study population, findings indicate diet plays a significant role in exposure to the analysed pesticides. We found an influence of potential exposure due to spray drift and volatilization among the subpopulation residing near presumably sprayed crop fields to be minimal in comparison. However, the lack of data indicating actual spraying occurred during the critical 24-hour period prior to urine sample collection could be a significant contributing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libor Šulc
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Figueiredo
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anke Huss
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jiří Kalina
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Gregor
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Janoš
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šenk
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Dalecká
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Andrýsková
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vít Kodeš
- Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Čupr
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Kuiper G, Young BN, WeMott S, Erlandson G, Martinez N, Mendoza J, Dooley G, Quinn C, Benka-Coker W, Magzamen S. Factors affecting urinary organophosphate pesticide metabolite levels among Californian agricultural community members. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 881:163362. [PMID: 37059148 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are widely used in California for agricultural pest and weed control despite their well-documented adverse health effects among infants, children, and adults. We sought to identify factors affecting urinary OP metabolites among families living in high-exposure communities. Our study included 80 children and adults who lived within 61 m (200 ft) of agricultural fields in the Central Valley of California in January and June 2019, which are pesticide non-spraying and spraying seasons, respectively. We collected one urine sample per participant during each visit to measure dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites; these were coupled with in-person surveys to identify health, household, sociodemographic, pesticide exposure, and occupational risk factors. We used a data-driven, best subsets regression approach to identify key factors that influenced urinary DAPs. Participants were mostly Hispanic/Latino(a) (97.5 %), over half were female (57.5 %), and most households reported having a member who worked in agriculture (70.6 %). Among the 149 urine samples suitable for analysis, DAP metabolites were detected in 48.0 % and 40.5 % of samples during January and June, respectively. Total diethyl alkylphosphates (EDE) were only detected in 4.7 % (n = 7) of samples, but total dimethyl alkylphosphates (EDM) were detected in 41.6 % (n = 62) of samples. No differences were observed in urinary DAP levels by visit month or by occupational exposure to pesticides. Best subsets regression identified several individual- and household-level variables that influenced both urinary EDM and total DAPs: the number of years spent living at the current address, household use of chemical products to control mice/rodents, and seasonal employment status. Among adults only, we identified educational attainment (for total DAPs) and age category (for EDM) as significant factors. Our study found consistent urinary DAP metabolites among participants, regardless of spraying season, and identified potential mitigating factors that members of vulnerable populations can implement to protect their health against OP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Kuiper
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Bonnie N Young
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sherry WeMott
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Grant Erlandson
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Nayamin Martinez
- Central California Environmental Justice Network, Fresno, CA, USA
| | - Jesus Mendoza
- Central California Environmental Justice Network, Fresno, CA, USA
| | - Gregory Dooley
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Casey Quinn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Wande Benka-Coker
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Department of Environmental Studies, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA, USA
| | - Sheryl Magzamen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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Santacruz-Márquez R, Neff AM, Mourikes VE, Fletcher EJ, Flaws JA. The effects of inhaled pollutants on reproduction in marginalized communities: a contemporary review. Inhal Toxicol 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37075037 PMCID: PMC10584991 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2023.2197941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Important differences in health that are closely linked with social disadvantage exist within and between countries. According to the World Health Organization, life expectancy and good health continue to increase in many parts of the world, but fail to improve in other parts of the world, indicating that differences in life expectancy and health arise due to the circumstances in which people grow, live, work, and age, and the systems put in place to deal with illness. Marginalized communities experience higher rates of certain diseases and more deaths compared to the general population, indicating a profound disparity in health status. Although several factors place marginalized communities at high risk for poor health outcomes, one important factor is exposure to air pollutants. Marginalized communities and minorities are exposed to higher levels of air pollutants than the majority population. Interestingly, a link exists between air pollutant exposure and adverse reproductive outcomes, suggesting that marginalized communities may have increased reproductive disorders due to increased exposure to air pollutants compared to the general population. This review summarizes different studies showing that marginalized communities have higher exposure to air pollutants, the types of air pollutants present in our environment, and the associations between air pollution and adverse reproductive outcomes, focusing on marginalized communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alison M. Neff
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
| | | | - Endia J. Fletcher
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
| | - Jodi A. Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
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Stanaway IB, Wallace JC, Hong S, Wilder CS, Green FH, Tsai J, Knight M, Workman T, Vigoren EM, Smith MN, Griffith WC, Thompson B, Shojaie A, Faustman EM. Alteration of oral microbiome composition in children living with pesticide-exposed farm workers. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 248:114090. [PMID: 36516690 PMCID: PMC9898171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Our prior work shows that azinphos-methyl pesticide exposure is associated with altered oral microbiomes in exposed farmworkers. Here we extend this analysis to show the same association pattern is also evident in their children. Oral buccal swab samples were analyzed at two time points, the apple thinning season in spring-summer 2005 for 78 children and 101 adults and the non-spray season in winter 2006 for 62 children and 82 adults. The pesticide exposure for the children were defined by the farmworker occupation of the cohabitating household adult and the blood azinphos-methyl detection of the cohabitating adult. Oral buccal swab 16S rRNA sequencing determined taxonomic microbiota proportional composition from concurrent samples from both adults and children. Analysis of the identified bacteria showed significant proportional changes for 12 of 23 common oral microbiome genera in association with azinphos-methyl detection and farmworker occupation. The most common significantly altered genera had reductions in the abundance of Streptococcus, suggesting an anti-microbial effect of the pesticide. Principal component analysis of the microbiome identified two primary clusters, with association of principal component 1 to azinphos-methyl blood detection and farmworker occupational status of the household. The children's buccal microbiota composition clustered with their household adult in ∼95% of the households. Household adult farmworker occupation and household pesticide exposure is associated with significant alterations in their children's oral microbiome composition. This suggests that parental occupational exposure and pesticide take-home exposure pathways elicit alteration of their children's microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian B Stanaway
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James C Wallace
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carly S Wilder
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Foad H Green
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jesse Tsai
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Misty Knight
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tomomi Workman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric M Vigoren
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marissa N Smith
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William C Griffith
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Beti Thompson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ali Shojaie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elaine M Faustman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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7
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Chedik L, Mias-Lucquin D, Fardel O, Delalande O, Bruyere A. Interactions of organophosphorus pesticides with ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) drug transporters. Xenobiotica 2022; 52:644-652. [PMID: 36149323 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2022.2128467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Although pharmaceutical companies have to study drug transporter interaction, environmental contaminant interactions with these transporters are not well characterized. In this study, we demonstrated using in vitro transfected cell line that some organophosphorus pesticides are able to interact with drug efflux transporters like P-glycoprotein, BCRP and MRPs.According to our results, dibrom was found to inhibit only Hoechst binding site of P-gp with an IC50 closed to 77 µM, phosmet inhibited BCRP efflux with an IC50 of 42 µM and only profenofos was able to inhibit BCRP, MRPs and two P-gp binding sites. As profenofos appeared to be a potent ABC transporter inhibitor, we studied its potential substrate property towards P-gp.Using a docking approach, we developed an in silico tool to study pesticide properties to be a probe or inhibitor of P-gp transporter. From both in silico and in vitro results, profenofos was not considered as a P-gp substrate.Combining both in vitro and docking methods appears to be an attractive approach to select pesticides that would not pass into the blood systemic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Chedik
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Mias-Lucquin
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6290, Université de Rennes1, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Fardel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France.,Pôle Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Delalande
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6290, Université de Rennes1, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Arnaud Bruyere
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
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Giffin A, Hoppin JA, Córdoba L, Solano-Díaz K, Ruepert C, Peñaloza-Castañeda J, Lindh C, Reich BJ, van Wendel de Joode B. Pyrimethanil and chlorpyrifos air concentrations and pregnant women's urinary metabolites in the Infants' Environmental Health Study (ISA), Costa Rica. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 166:107328. [PMID: 35728412 PMCID: PMC9708932 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only few studies have compared environmental pesticide air concentrations with specific urinary metabolites to evaluate pathways of exposure. Therefore, we compared pyrimethanil and chlorpyrifos concentrations in air with urinary 4-hydroxypyrimethanil (OHP, metabolite of pyrimethanil) and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy, metabolite of chlorpyrifos) among pregnant women from the Infant's Environmental Health Study (ISA) in Matina County, Costa Rica. METHODS During pregnancy, we obtained repeat urinary samples from 448 women enrolled in the ISA study. We extrapolated pyrimethanil and chlorpyrifos concentrations measured with passive air samplers (PAS) (n = 48, from 12 schools), across space and time using a Bayesian spatiotemporal model. We subsequently compared these concentrationswith urinary OHP and TCPy in 915 samples from 448 women, usingseparatemixed models andconsidering several covariables. RESULTS A 10% increase in air pyrimethanil (ng/m3) was associated with a 5.7% (95% confidence interval (CI 4.6, 6.8) increase in OHP (μg/L). Women living further from banana plantations had lower OHP: -0.7% (95% CI -1.2, -0.3) for each 10% increase in distance (meters) as well as women who ate rice and beans ≥15 times a week -23% (95% CI -38, -4). In addition, each 1 ng/m3 increase in chlorpyrifos in air was associated with a 1.5% (95% CI 0.2, 2.8) increase in TCPy (μg/L), and women working in agriculture tended to have increased TCPy (21%, 95% CI -2, 49). CONCLUSION The Bayesian spatiotemporal models were useful to estimate pyrimethanil and chlorpyrifos air concentrations across space and time. Our results suggest inhalation of pyrimethanil and chlorpyrifos is a pathway of environmental exposure. PAS seems a useful technique to monitor environmental current-use pesticide exposures. For future studies, we recommend increasing the number of locations of environmental air measurements, obtaining all air and urine measurements during the same month, and, ideally, including dermal exposure estimates as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Giffin
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, NC, USA
| | - Jane A Hoppin
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, NC, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, NC, USA
| | - Leonel Córdoba
- Infants' Environmental Health (ISA) Program, Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Karla Solano-Díaz
- Infants' Environmental Health (ISA) Program, Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Clemens Ruepert
- Infants' Environmental Health (ISA) Program, Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Jorge Peñaloza-Castañeda
- Infants' Environmental Health (ISA) Program, Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Christian Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Brian J Reich
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, NC, USA; Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, NC, USA
| | - Berna van Wendel de Joode
- Infants' Environmental Health (ISA) Program, Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica.
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M Figueiredo D, Nijssen R, J M Krop E, Buijtenhuijs D, Gooijer Y, Lageschaar L, Duyzer J, Huss A, Mol H, C H Vermeulen R. Pesticides in doormat and floor dust from homes close to treated fields: Spatio-temporal variance and determinants of occurrence and concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 301:119024. [PMID: 35202764 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Indoor dust has been postulated as an important matrix for residential pesticide exposure. However, there is a lack of information on presence, concentrations and determinants of multiple pesticides in dust in residential homes close to treated fields. Our objective was to characterize the spatial and temporal variance of pesticides in house dust, study the use of doormats and floors as proxies for pesticides in indoor dust and identify determinants of occurrence and concentrations. Homes within 250 m from selected bulb fields were invited to participate. Homes within 20 km from these fields but not having agricultural fields within 500 m were selected as controls. House dust was vacuumed in all homes from floors (VFD) and from newly placed clean doormats (DDM). Sampling was done during two periods, when pesticides are used and not-used. For determination of 46 prioritized pesticides, a multi-residue extraction method was used. Most statistical analyses are focused on the 12 and 14 pesticides that were detected in >40% of DDM and VFD samples, respectively. Mixed models were used to evaluate relationships between possible determinants and pesticides occurrence and concentrations in DDM and VFD. 17 pesticides were detected in more than 50% of the homes in both matrixes. Concentrations differed by about a factor five between use and non-use periods among homes within 250 m of fields and between these homes and controls. For 7 pesticides there was a moderate to strong correlation (Spearman rho 0.30-0.75) between concentrations in DDM and VFD. Distance to agricultural fields and air concentrations were among the most relevant predictors for occurrence and levels of a given pesticide in DDM. Concentrations in dust are overall higher during application periods and closer to fields (<250 m) than further away. The omnipresence of pesticides in dust lead to residents being exposed all year round.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Figueiredo
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, PO Box 80178, 3508, TD, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Rosalie Nijssen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Part of Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, Wageningen, 6708, WB, the Netherlands
| | - Esmeralda J M Krop
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, PO Box 80178, 3508, TD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Daan Buijtenhuijs
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, PO Box 80178, 3508, TD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Gooijer
- CLM Onderzoek en Advies BV, P.O. Box 62, 4100, AB, Culemborg, the Netherlands
| | - Luuk Lageschaar
- CLM Onderzoek en Advies BV, P.O. Box 62, 4100, AB, Culemborg, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Duyzer
- TNO Circular Economy and Environment, P.O. Box 80015, 3508, TA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anke Huss
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, PO Box 80178, 3508, TD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Mol
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Part of Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, Wageningen, 6708, WB, the Netherlands
| | - Roel C H Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, PO Box 80178, 3508, TD, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Centre for Public Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre, PO Box 85500, 3508, GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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10
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Kuiper G, Young BN, WeMott S, Erlandson G, Martinez N, Mendoza J, Dooley G, Quinn C, Benka-Coker WO, Magzamen S. Factors Associated with Levels of Organophosphate Pesticides in Household Dust in Agricultural Communities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020862. [PMID: 35055689 PMCID: PMC8775797 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are associated with numerous adverse health outcomes. Pesticide use data are available for California from the Pesticide Use Report (PUR), but household- and individual-level exposure factors have not been fully characterized to support its refinement as an exposure assessment tool. Unique exposure pathways, such as proximity to agricultural operations and direct occupational contact, further complicate pesticide exposure assessment among agricultural communities. We sought to identify influencing factors of pesticide exposure to support future exposure assessment and epidemiological studies. Household dust samples were collected from 28 homes in four California agricultural communities during January and June 2019 and were analyzed for the presence of OPs. Factors influencing household OPs were identified by a data-driven model via best subsets regression. Key factors that impacted dust OP levels included household cooling strategies, secondary occupational exposure to pesticides, and geographic location by community. Although PUR data demonstrate seasonal trends in pesticide application, this study did not identify season as an important factor, suggesting OP persistence in the home. These results will help refine pesticide exposure assessment for future studies and highlight important gaps in the literature, such as our understanding of pesticide degradation in an indoor environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Kuiper
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (G.K.); (B.N.Y.); (S.W.); (G.E.); (G.D.); (W.O.B.-C.)
| | - Bonnie N. Young
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (G.K.); (B.N.Y.); (S.W.); (G.E.); (G.D.); (W.O.B.-C.)
| | - Sherry WeMott
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (G.K.); (B.N.Y.); (S.W.); (G.E.); (G.D.); (W.O.B.-C.)
| | - Grant Erlandson
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (G.K.); (B.N.Y.); (S.W.); (G.E.); (G.D.); (W.O.B.-C.)
| | - Nayamin Martinez
- Central California Environmental Justice Network, Fresno, CA 93727, USA; (N.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Jesus Mendoza
- Central California Environmental Justice Network, Fresno, CA 93727, USA; (N.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Greg Dooley
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (G.K.); (B.N.Y.); (S.W.); (G.E.); (G.D.); (W.O.B.-C.)
| | - Casey Quinn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | - Wande O. Benka-Coker
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (G.K.); (B.N.Y.); (S.W.); (G.E.); (G.D.); (W.O.B.-C.)
| | - Sheryl Magzamen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (G.K.); (B.N.Y.); (S.W.); (G.E.); (G.D.); (W.O.B.-C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-970-491-5469
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11
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Mohamed YA, Meabed MH, Abougaba KM, Sayed FA, Welson NN, Ibrahim RE. A comparative study: rural versus urban children as regard exposure to organophosphorus pesticides using cholinesterase enzyme activity. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-021-00190-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The uncontrolled long-term exposure to organophosphorus (OP) pesticides is hazardous to health especially in children. The present study aimed to determine the acetyl cholinesterase enzyme serum level in exposure and non-exposure children groups, to explore other clinical and laboratory outcomes of organophosphorus pesticides exposure on children living in rural versus urban areas, and to establish the hemotoxic alterations as a result of the exposure. A ninety clinically free children—forty-five from rural areas and forty-five children from urban areas—were assessed, and the clinical and laboratory effects of their exposure to organophosphorus pesticides were evaluated via measuring acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity.
Results
Significant differences between the two areas of residence were found in weight %, visits to the field, eating vegetables without washing, presence of insecticides at home, and previous organophosphorus pesticides toxicity of the patients and their families. Eye, respiratory, cardiac, nervous, muscle, gastrointestinal, and urinary symptoms were more common in the rural residence group which shows more exposure to pesticides. The mean level of the AChE enzyme was less in the rural residence group than the other one, and it showed significant correlations with the anemia indicating parameters. A weak positive correlation was found with platelets count.
Conclusions
Chronic organophosphorus toxicity that is more prevalent in rural areas may result in many transient neglected symptoms, unrevealed acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) enzyme deficiency, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Acetyl cholinesterase enzyme serum level can be used as a screening test for organophosphorus pesticides exposure.
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12
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Rehman A, Feng J, Qunyi T, Korma SA, Assadpour E, Usman M, Han W, Jafari SM. Pesticide-loaded colloidal nanodelivery systems; preparation, characterization, and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 298:102552. [PMID: 34717205 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The fast developments in pesticide-loaded nanodelivery systems over the last decade have inspired many companies and research organizations to highlight potential applications by employing encapsulation approaches in order to protect the agricultural crops. This approach is being used to retard the indiscriminate application of conventional pesticides, as well as, to make ensure the environmental safety. This article shed light on the potential of colloidal delivery systems, particularly controlled releasing profiles of several pesticides with enhanced stability and improved solubility. Colloidal nanodelivery systems, being efficient nanoformulations, have the ability to boost up the pest-control competence for prolonged intervals thru averting the early degradation of active ingredients under severe ecofriendly circumstances. This work is thus aimed to provide critical information on the meaningful role of nanocarriers for loading of pesticides. The smart art of pesticide-loaded nanocarriers can be more fruitful owing to the use of lower amount of active ingredients with improved efficiency along with minimizing the pesticide loss. Also, the future research gaps regarding nano-pesticide formulations, such as role of nanomaterials as active ingredients are discussed briefly. In addition, this article can deliver valuable information to the readers while establishing novel pesticide-loaded nanocarriers for a wide range of applications in the agriculture sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianguo Feng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Tong Qunyi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Sameh A Korma
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 114 El-Zeraa Road, Zagazig 44511, Sharkia, Egypt; School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Elham Assadpour
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, Ourense E-32004, Spain
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Beijing Advance Innovation center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Wen Han
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
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13
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Rousis NI, Gracia-Lor E, Hernández F, Poretti F, Santos MM, Zuccato E, Castiglioni S. Wastewater-based epidemiology as a novel tool to evaluate human exposure to pesticides: Triazines and organophosphates as case studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 793:148618. [PMID: 34182454 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Production and application of pesticides have risen remarkably in the last few decades. Even if they provide many benefits, they can be hazardous for humans and ecosystems when they are not used cautiously. Human exposure to pesticides is well documented, but new approaches are needed to boost the available information. This work proposes a new application of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) to assess the exposure of the general population to organophosphate and triazine pesticides (pyrethroid pesticides have already been validated). Several human urinary metabolites tested as WBE biomarkers, were suitable. Untreated wastewater samples from different European countries were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biomarker concentrations were converted to mass loads and used to back-calculate the local population's exposure to the parent pesticides, using specific correction factors developed in this study. Exposure to organophosphates and pyrethroids showed spatial and seasonal variations. Finally, pesticide exposure was estimated in twenty cities of ten European countries and compared with the acceptable daily intake, concluding that some populations might face health risks. The study confirms WBE as a suitable approach for assessing the average community exposure to pesticides and is a valuable complementary biomonitoring tool. WBE can provide valuable data for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos I Rousis
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy.
| | - Emma Gracia-Lor
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Félix Hernández
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castellon, Spain
| | - Francesco Poretti
- Consorzio Depurazione Acque Lugano e Dintorni, Via Molinazzo 1, 6934 Bioggio, Switzerland
| | - Miguel M Santos
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - LA, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Group of Endocrine Disruptors and Emerging Contaminants, FCUP, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ettore Zuccato
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Castiglioni
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
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14
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Oerlemans A, Figueiredo DM, Mol JGJ, Nijssen R, Anzion RBM, van Dael MFP, Duyzer J, Roeleveld N, Russel FGM, Vermeulen RCH, Scheepers PTJ. Personal exposure assessment of pesticides in residents: The association between hand wipes and urinary biomarkers. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 199:111282. [PMID: 34015296 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Residential exposure to pesticides may occur via inhalation of airborne pesticides, direct skin contacts with pesticide-contaminated surfaces, and consumption of food containing pesticide residues. The aim was to study the association of dermal exposure to pesticides between the use and non-use periods, between farmer and non-farmer families and between dermal exposure and the excretion of metabolites from urine in residents living close to treated agricultural fields. METHODS In total, 112 hand wipes and 206 spot urine samples were collected from 16 farmer and 38 non-farmer participants living within 50 m from an agricultural field in the Netherlands. The study took place from May 2016 to December 2017 during the use as well as the non-use periods of pesticides. Hand wipes were analysed for the parent compound and urines samples for the corresponding urinary metabolite of five applied pesticides: asulam, carbendazim (applied as thiophanate-methyl), chlorpropham, prochloraz and tebuconazole. Questionnaire data was used to study potential determinants of occurrence and levels of pesticides in hand wipes according to univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS Carbendazim and tebuconazole concentrations in hand wipes were statistically significantly higher in the pesticide-use period compared to the non-use period. In addition, especially during the use periods, concentrations were statistically significantly higher in farmer families compared to non-farmer families. For asulam, chlorpropham and prochloraz, the frequency of non-detects was too high (57-85%) to be included in this analysis. The carbendazim contents in urine samples and hand wipes were correlated on the first and second day after taking the hand wipe, whereas chlorpropham was only observed to be related on the second day following the spray event. CONCLUSIONS Concentrations in hand wipes were overall higher in pesticide use periods compared to non-use periods and higher in farmer families compared to non-farmer families. Only for carbendazim a strong correlation between concentrations in hand wipes and its main metabolite in urine was observed, indicating dermal exposure via contaminated indoor surfaces. We expect this to be related to the lower vapour pressure and longer environmental lifetime of carbendazim compared to the other pesticides studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Oerlemans
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - D M Figueiredo
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J G J Mol
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - R Nijssen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - R B M Anzion
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M F P van Dael
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - J Duyzer
- TNO Urban Environment and Safety, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - N Roeleveld
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - F G M Russel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - R C H Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - P T J Scheepers
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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15
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Association between Pesticides in House Dust and Residential Proximity to Farmland in a Rural Region of Taiwan. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9080180. [PMID: 34437498 PMCID: PMC8402318 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9080180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pesticide drift was reported in many international studies, but rarely studied in Taiwan. We conducted a study in a rural region of Taiwan to examine the associations between pesticides in house dust and nearby agricultural areas using geographic information system (GIS). A questionnaire regarding home characteristics and pesticide use, and indoor and outdoor dust samples were collected from 47 rural homes. Dust samples were analyzed for six pesticides, and agricultural land data for GIS analysis were retrieved from a national website. All but prallethrin were frequently detected from indoor dust samples (>50%), and the maximum concentrations were all below 1000 ng/g. Detection frequencies and concentrations of pesticides in outdoor dust samples were even lower than that in indoor dust samples. Only "work involving pesticides" in the questionnaire was significantly associated with four pesticides in house dust (p < 0.05). Carbofuran and tetramethrin in house dust were significantly correlated with rice cultivation area at certain buffer distances (ρ > 0.33, p < 0.05), and chlorpyrifos was found to be associated with abandoned cultivation area, suggesting the occurrence of pesticide drift. Despite the low levels of pesticides in house dust, residents in the rural region should be cautious of pesticide drift from nearby active or abandoned farmlands.
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16
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Doherty BT, Pearce JL, Anderson KA, Karagas MR, Romano ME. Assessment of Multipollutant Exposures During Pregnancy Using Silicone Wristbands. Front Public Health 2020; 8:547239. [PMID: 33117768 PMCID: PMC7550746 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.547239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicone wristbands can assess multipollutant exposures in a non-invasive and minimally burdensome manner, which may be suitable for use among pregnant women. We investigated silicone wristbands as passive environmental samplers in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study, a prospective pregnancy cohort. We used wristbands to assess exposure to a broad range of organic chemicals, identified multipollutant exposure profiles using self-organizing maps (SOMs), and assessed temporal consistency and determinants of exposures during pregnancy. Participants (n = 255) wore wristbands for 1 week at 12 gestational weeks. Of 1,530 chemicals assayed, 199 were detected in at least one wristband and 16 were detected in >60% of wristbands. A median of 23 (range: 12,37) chemicals were detected in each wristband, and chemicals in commerce and personal care products were most frequently detected. A subset of participants (n=20) wore a second wristband at 24 gestational weeks, and concentrations of frequently detected chemicals were moderately correlated between time points (median intraclass correlation: 0.22; range: 0.00,0.69). Women with higher educational attainment had fewer chemicals detected in their wristbands and the total number of chemicals detected varied seasonally. Triphenyl phosphate concentrations were positively associated with nail polish use, and benzophenone concentrations were highest in summer. No clear associations were observed with other a priori relations, including certain behaviors, season, and socioeconomic factors. SOM analyses revealed 12 profiles, ranging from 2 to 149 participants, captured multipollutant exposure profiles observed in this cohort. The most common profile (n = 149) indicated that 58% of participants experienced relatively low exposures to frequently detected chemicals. Less common (n ≥ 10) and rare (n < 10) profiles were characterized by low to moderate exposures to most chemicals and very high and/or very low exposure to a subset of chemicals. Certain covariates varied across SOM profile membership; for example, relative to women in the most common profile who had low exposures to most chemicals, women in the profile with elevated exposure to galaxolide and benzyl benzoate were younger, more likely to be single, and more likely to report nail polish use. Our study illustrates the utility of silicone wristbands for measurement of multipollutant exposures in sensitive populations, including pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett T Doherty
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - John L Pearce
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Kim A Anderson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Megan E Romano
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
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17
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Badr AM. Organophosphate toxicity: updates of malathion potential toxic effects in mammals and potential treatments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:26036-26057. [PMID: 32399888 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08937-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus insecticides toxicity is still considered a major global health problem. Malathion is one of the most commonly used organophosphates nowadays, as being considered to possess relatively low toxicity compared with other organophosphates. However, widespread use may lead to excessive exposure from multiple sources. Mechanisms of MAL toxicity include inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme, change of oxidants/antioxidants balance, DNA damage, and facilitation of apoptotic cell damage. Exposure to malathion has been associated with different toxicities that nearly affect every single organ in our bodies, with CNS toxicity being the most well documented. Malathion toxic effects on liver, kidney, testis, ovaries, lung, pancreas, and blood were also reported. Moreover, malathion was considered as a genotoxic and carcinogenic chemical compound. Evidence exists for adverse effects associated with prenatal and postnatal exposure in both animals and humans. This review summarizes the toxic data available about malathion in mammals and discusses new potential therapeutic modalities, with the aim to highlight the importance of increasing awareness about its potential risk and reevaluation of the allowed daily exposure level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira M Badr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11459, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt.
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18
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Bennett B, Workman T, Smith MN, Griffith WC, Thompson B, Faustman EM. Characterizing the Neurodevelopmental Pesticide Exposome in a Children's Agricultural Cohort. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1479. [PMID: 32106530 PMCID: PMC7084326 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The exposome provides a conceptual model for identifying and characterizing lifetime environmental exposures and resultant health effects. In this study, we applied key exposome concepts to look specifically at the neurodevelopmental pesticide exposome, which focuses on exposures to pesticides that have the potential to cause an adverse neurodevelopmental impact. Using household dust samples from a children's agricultural cohort located in the Yakima Valley of Washington state, we identified 87 individual pesticides using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 47 of these have evidence of neurotoxicity included in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (re)registration materials. We used a mixed effects model to model trends in pesticide exposure. Over the two study years (2005 and 2011), we demonstrate a significant decrease in the neurodevelopmental pesticide exposome across the cohort, but particularly among farmworker households. Additional analysis with a non-parametric binomial analysis that weighted the levels of potentially neurotoxic pesticides detected in household dust by their reference doses revealed that the decrease in potentially neurotoxic pesticides was largely a result of decreases in some of the most potent neurotoxicants. Overall, this study provides evidence that the neurodevelopmental pesticide exposome framework is a useful tool in assessing the effectiveness of specific interventions in reducing exposure as well as setting priorities for future targeted actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breana Bennett
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, DC 98105, USA; (B.B.); (T.W.); (M.N.S.); (W.C.G.)
- Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, DC 98105, USA
| | - Tomomi Workman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, DC 98105, USA; (B.B.); (T.W.); (M.N.S.); (W.C.G.)
- Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, DC 98105, USA
| | - Marissa N. Smith
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, DC 98105, USA; (B.B.); (T.W.); (M.N.S.); (W.C.G.)
- Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, DC 98105, USA
| | - William C. Griffith
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, DC 98105, USA; (B.B.); (T.W.); (M.N.S.); (W.C.G.)
- Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, DC 98105, USA
| | - Beti Thompson
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, DC 98105, USA;
| | - Elaine M. Faustman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, DC 98105, USA; (B.B.); (T.W.); (M.N.S.); (W.C.G.)
- Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, DC 98105, USA
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López-Gálvez N, Wagoner R, Quirós-Alcalá L, Ornelas Van Horne Y, Furlong M, Avila E, Beamer P. Systematic Literature Review of the Take-Home Route of Pesticide Exposure via Biomonitoring and Environmental Monitoring. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16122177. [PMID: 31248217 PMCID: PMC6617019 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to pesticides via take-home can be an important pathway for farmworkers' families. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to summarize and analyze the literature published during the last decade of exposure to pesticides via take-home pathway in farmworkers' families. METHODS We conducted a systematic review to identify peer-reviewed articles of interest; only articles related to take-home pathway that included some sort of pesticide monitoring were considered for inclusion. Systematic reviews, literature reviews, and meta-analyses were excluded, resulting in a total of 39 articles elected for analysis. The articles were summarized based on the location of the study, population (sample size), pesticide analyzed, and type of sample. RESULTS The majority of the reviewed studies were conducted in the U.S., but there seems to be an increase in literature on pesticide take-home pathway in developing countries. Most of the articles provided evidence that farmworkers' families are exposed to pesticides at higher levels than non-farmworkers' families. The levels may depend on several factors such as seasonality, parental occupation, cohabitation with a farmworker, behavior at work/home, age, and gender. Community-based interventions disrupting the take-home pathway seem to be effective at reducing pesticide exposure. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION The take-home pathway is an important contributor to overall residential exposures, but other pathways such as pesticide drift, indoor-residential applications, and dietary intake need to be considered. A more comprehensive exposure assessment approach is necessary to better understand exposures to pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas López-Gálvez
- Department of Community, Environment & Policy, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Rietta Wagoner
- Department of Community, Environment & Policy, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Lesliam Quirós-Alcalá
- Department of Environmental Health & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Maryland Institute of Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland, MD 20740, USA.
| | - Yoshira Ornelas Van Horne
- Department of Community, Environment & Policy, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Melissa Furlong
- Department of Community, Environment & Policy, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - El'gin Avila
- Department of Community, Environment & Policy, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Paloma Beamer
- Department of Community, Environment & Policy, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
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20
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Kamai EM, McElrath TF, Ferguson KK. Fetal growth in environmental epidemiology: mechanisms, limitations, and a review of associations with biomarkers of non-persistent chemical exposures during pregnancy. Environ Health 2019; 18:43. [PMID: 31068204 PMCID: PMC6505101 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0480-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-persistent chemicals, such as phthalates, environmental phenols, organophosphate pesticides, and others, are challenging to study because of their ubiquity in the environment, diverse exposure routes, and high temporal variability of biomarkers. Nonetheless, there is interest in understanding how gestational exposure to these chemicals may affect fetal growth, as perturbations to normal fetal growth are related to a plethora of adverse health outcomes in childhood and adulthood. METHODS The purpose of this review is to describe the state of the science on this topic. We searched PubMed for studies that included both 1) biomarkers of non-persistent chemicals collected during pregnancy and 2) fetal growth outcomes measured at birth (e.g., birth weight) or by ultrasound in utero (e.g., estimated fetal weight). RESULTS The bulk of the literature we found uses biomarkers measured at a single time point in pregnancy and birth weight as the primary measure of fetal growth. There is a small, but growing, body of research that uses ultrasound measures to assess fetal growth during pregnancy. In addition to summarizing the findings of the publications we identified, we describe inconsistencies in methodology, areas for improvement, and gaps in existing knowledge that can be targeted for improvement in future work. This literature is characterized by variability in methodology, likely contributing to the inconsistency of results reported. We further discuss maternal, placental, and fetal pathways by which these classes of chemicals may affect fetal growth. CONCLUSIONS To improve understanding of how everyday chemical exposures affect fetal growth, and ultimately lifelong health outcomes, mechanisms of toxicant action should be considered alongside improved study designs for future hypothesis-driven research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Kamai
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 2101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, CB #7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Thomas F. McElrath
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Kelly K. Ferguson
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA
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21
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Griffith WC, Vigoren EM, Smith MN, Workman T, Thompson B, Coronado GD, Faustman EM. Application of improved approach to evaluate a community intervention to reduce exposure of young children living in farmworker households to organophosphate pesticides. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2019; 29:358-365. [PMID: 29662130 PMCID: PMC6192874 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-018-0028-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The take-home pathway is a significant source of organophosphate pesticide exposure for young children (3-5 years old) living with an adult farmworker. This avoidable exposure pathway is an important target for intervention. We selected 24 agricultural communities in the Yakima Valley of Washington State and randomly assigned them to receive an educational intervention (n = 12) to reduce children's pesticide exposure or usual care (n = 12). We assessed exposure to pesticides in nearly 200 adults and children during the pre and post-intervention periods by measuring metabolites in urine. We compared pre- and post-intervention exposures by expressing the child's pesticide metabolite concentration as a fraction of the adult's concentration living in the same household, because the amount of pesticides applied during the collection periods varied. Exposures in our community were consistently higher, sometimes above the 95th percentile of the exposures reported by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). While intervention and control communities demonstrated a reduction in the ratio of child to adult exposure, this reduction was more pronounced in intervention communities (2.7-fold, p < 0.001 compared to 1.7-fold, p = 0.052 for intervention and control, respectively). By examining the child/adult biomarker ratio, we demonstrated that our community-based intervention was effective in reducing pesticide exposure to children in agricultural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C. Griffith
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Risk Analysis & Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Eric M. Vigoren
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Risk Analysis & Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Marissa N. Smith
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Risk Analysis & Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Tomomi Workman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Risk Analysis & Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Beti Thompson
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Elaine M. Faustman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Risk Analysis & Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Kumar S, Nehra M, Dilbaghi N, Marrazza G, Hassan AA, Kim KH. Nano-based smart pesticide formulations: Emerging opportunities for agriculture. J Control Release 2019; 294:131-153. [PMID: 30552953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of nanotechnology as a means for nanopesticides is in the early stage of development. The main idea behind this incorporation is to lower the indiscriminate use of conventional pesticides to be in line with safe environmental applications. Nanoencapsulated pesticides can provide controlled release kinetics, while efficiently enhancing permeability, stability, and solubility. Nanoencapsulation can enhance the pest-control efficiency over extended durations by preventing the premature degradation of active ingredients (AIs) under harsh environmental conditions. This review is thus organized to critically assess the significant role of nanotechnology for encapsulation of AIs for pesticides. The smart delivery of pesticides is essential to reduce the dosage of AIs with enhanced efficacy and to overcome pesticide loss (e.g., due to leaching and evaporation). The future trends of pesticide nanoformulations including nanomaterials as AIs and nanoemulsions of biopesticides are also explored. This review should thus offer a valuable guide for establishing regulatory frameworks related to field applications of these nano-based pesticides in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India; Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Nebraska Lincoln, P.O. Box 886105, Lincoln, NE 68588-6105, United States.
| | - Monika Nehra
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India; Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Neeraj Dilbaghi
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Giovanna Marrazza
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Unit of Florence, Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136, Roma, Italy
| | - Ashraf Aly Hassan
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Nebraska Lincoln, P.O. Box 886105, Lincoln, NE 68588-6105, United States
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Velázquez-Gómez M, Hurtado-Fernández E, Lacorte S. Differential occurrence, profiles and uptake of dust contaminants in the Barcelona urban area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:1354-1370. [PMID: 30340281 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Dust is a complex but increasingly used matrix to assess human exposure to organic contaminants both in indoor and outdoor environments. Knowledge concerning the effects of organic pollution towards health outcome is crucial. This study is aimed to determine the presence of legacy compounds (DDTs and polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs), compounds used in recent times (organophosphorous flame retardants, organophosphorous pesticides, BPA, phthalates and alkylphenols) and compounds originated from combustion processes (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs) as well as nicotine in indoor environments along the metropolitan area of Barcelona. Monitored sites include public areas with high turnout (high schools, museums samples) and libraries and private spaces (houses and cars). Almost all compounds (57 over the 59 targeted) were found in each dust sample and libraries and schools were the most contaminated, with concentrations of ∑phthalates and ∑OPFRs up to 15 and 10 mg g-1, respectively. One-way ANOVA tests, Tukey contrasts and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that sampling place influenced the observed contamination profiles and public and private environments were clearly differentiated. Finally, based on the concentrations detected, a deterministic calculation was performed to estimate the total daily intakes of each compound via dust. This information was used to evaluate the human exposure for toddlers, teenagers and adult workers. Consistently, the highest concentrations coming from plasticisers and flame retardants gave the major exposure rates. As expected, toddlers were the most affected group followed by museum and library workers, although the levels were below the reference doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Velázquez-Gómez
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Hurtado-Fernández
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - S Lacorte
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Bennett B, Workman T, Smith MN, Griffith WC, Thompson B, Faustman EM. Longitudinal, Seasonal, and Occupational Trends of Multiple Pesticides in House Dust. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:17003. [PMID: 30624099 PMCID: PMC6381820 DOI: 10.1289/ehp3644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children are especially vulnerable to pesticide exposure and can suffer lasting health effects. Because children of farmworkers are exposed to a variety of pesticides throughout development, it is important to explore temporal patterns of coexposures. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to characterize the pesticide co-exposures, determine how they change over time, and assess differences between farmworker and nonfarmworker households. METHODS Dust collected from 40 farmworker and 35 nonfarmworker households in the Yakima Valley of the State of Washington in 2005 and then again in 2011 was analyzed for 99 pesticides. Eighty-seven pesticides representing over 28 classes were detected. Pesticides were grouped into classes using U.S. EPA pesticide chemical classifications, and trends in concentrations were analyzed at the class level. RESULTS Levels of organophosphates, pyridazinones, and phenols significantly decreased between 2005 and 2011 in both farmworker and nonfarmworker households. Levels of anilides, 2,6-dinitroanilines, chlorophenols, triclosan, and guanidines significantly increased in both farmworker and nonfarmworker households in 2011 vs. 2005. Among farmworkers alone, there were significantly lower levels of N-methyl carbamates and neonicotinoids in 2011. CONCLUSIONS We observed significant reductions in the concentrations of many pesticides over time in both farmworker and nonfarmworker households. Although nonfarmworker households generally had lower concentrations of pesticides, it is important to note that in comparison with NHANES participants, nonfarmworkers and their families still had significantly higher concentrations of urinary pesticide metabolites. This finding highlights the importance of detailed longitudinal exposure monitoring to capture changes in agricultural and residential pesticide use over time. This foundation provides an avenue to track longitudinal pesticide exposures in an intervention or regulatory context. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3644.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breana Bennett
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tomomi Workman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marissa N Smith
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - William C Griffith
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Beti Thompson
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Elaine M Faustman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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25
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Tamaro CM, Smith MN, Workman T, Griffith WC, Thompson B, Faustman EM. Characterization of organophosphate pesticides in urine and home environment dust in an agricultural community. Biomarkers 2018; 23:174-187. [PMID: 29047308 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2017.1395080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Organophosphorus insecticides (OPs) have been used to control agricultural pests found in Washington state. Farmworkers (FW) have higher exposure to OP pesticides than non-farmworkers (NFW), and FW children may in turn have higher exposure than NFW children. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between the concentration in house dust of five OPs used commonly in pome fruit orchards and the concentration in urine of dialkylphosphate metabolites (DAP), in a cohort of Hispanic FW and NFW and their children. METHODS Parents and children participated in three data collection periods over the course of one year. Urine samples were evaluated for the DAPs characteristic of OP exposure, and dust from homes and vehicles was evaluated for intact OP residues. RESULTS Geometric mean (GM) concentrations of OPs in house and vehicle dust were higher in FW households than NFW households in all agricultural seasons. GM concentration of urinary DAPs was higher for children in FW households than NFW households. DISCUSSION Regression analysis found a positive association between OP residues in house dust and the children's urinary DAPs. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this study is the first to report an association between pesticides in house dust and their biological metabolites in urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Tamaro
- a Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA.,b Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Marissa N Smith
- a Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA.,b Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Tomomi Workman
- a Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA.,b Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - William C Griffith
- a Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA.,b Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Beti Thompson
- c Cancer Prevention Program , Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Elaine M Faustman
- a Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA.,b Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
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27
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Vinceti M, Filippini T, Violi F, Rothman KJ, Costanzini S, Malagoli C, Wise LA, Odone A, Signorelli C, Iacuzio L, Arcolin E, Mandrioli J, Fini N, Patti F, Lo Fermo S, Pietrini V, Teggi S, Ghermandi G, Scillieri R, Ledda C, Mauceri C, Sciacca S, Fiore M, Ferrante M. Pesticide exposure assessed through agricultural crop proximity and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Environ Health 2017; 16:91. [PMID: 28851431 PMCID: PMC5576246 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies have raised the possibility that some pesticide compounds induce the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), though the available evidence is not entirely consistent. METHODS We conducted a population-based case-control study in two Italian populations to assess the extent to which residence in the vicinity of agricultural crops associated with the application of neurotoxic pesticides is a risk factor for ALS, using crop acreage in proximity to the residence as an index of exposure. RESULTS Based on 703 cases and 2737 controls, we computed an ALS odds ratio of 0.92 (95% confidence interval 0.78-1.09) for those in proximity to agricultural land. Results were not substantially different when using alternative exposure categories or when analyzing specific crop types, with the exception of a higher risk related to exposure to citrus orchards and olive groves in Southern Italy, though based on few exposed subjects (N = 89 and 8, respectively). There was little evidence of any dose-response relation between crop proximity and ALS risk, and using long-term residence instead of current residence did not substantially change our estimates. CONCLUSIONS Though our index of exposure is indirect and subject to considerable misclassification, our results offer little support for the hypothesis that neurotoxic pesticide exposure increases ALS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vinceti
- Environmental, Genetic, and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center - CREAGEN, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 287 Via Campi, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Tommaso Filippini
- Environmental, Genetic, and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center - CREAGEN, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 287 Via Campi, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Violi
- Environmental, Genetic, and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center - CREAGEN, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 287 Via Campi, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Kenneth J. Rothman
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118 USA
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, 3040 E Cornwallis Road, Durham, NC 27709 USA
| | - Sofia Costanzini
- Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 10 Via Vivarelli, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Carlotta Malagoli
- Environmental, Genetic, and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center - CREAGEN, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 287 Via Campi, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Lauren A. Wise
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Anna Odone
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological, and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, 14 Via Gramsci, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Signorelli
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological, and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, 14 Via Gramsci, 43126 Parma, Italy
- School of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 58 Via Olgettina Milano, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Iacuzio
- Environmental, Genetic, and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center - CREAGEN, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 287 Via Campi, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Elisa Arcolin
- Environmental, Genetic, and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center - CREAGEN, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 287 Via Campi, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Jessica Mandrioli
- Department of Neuroscience, S. Agostino-Estense Hospital, and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 1355 Via Pietro Giardini, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Nicola Fini
- Department of Neuroscience, S. Agostino-Estense Hospital, and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 1355 Via Pietro Giardini, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Patti
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 87 Via S. Sofia, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Lo Fermo
- Neurologic Unit, AOU Policlinico - Vittorio Emanuele, University of Catania, 628 Via Plebiscito, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Vladimiro Pietrini
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurology Unit, University of Parma, 14 Via Gramsci, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Sergio Teggi
- Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 10 Via Vivarelli, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Grazia Ghermandi
- Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 10 Via Vivarelli, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Renato Scillieri
- Department of Prevention, Catania Local Health Unit, 5 Via Santa Maria la Grande, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Caterina Ledda
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 87 Via S. Sofia, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Mauceri
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 87 Via S. Sofia, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sciacca
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 87 Via S. Sofia, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Fiore
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 87 Via S. Sofia, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 87 Via S. Sofia, 95123 Catania, Italy
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