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Ngo KJ, Paul KC, Wong D, Kusters CDJ, Bronstein JM, Ritz B, Fogel BL. Lysosomal genes contribute to Parkinson's disease near agriculture with high intensity pesticide use. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:87. [PMID: 38664407 PMCID: PMC11045791 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00703-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, develops sporadically, likely through a combination of polygenic and environmental factors. Previous studies associate pesticide exposure and genes involved in lysosomal function with PD risk. We evaluated the frequency of variants in lysosomal function genes among patients from the Parkinson's, Environment, and Genes (PEG) study with ambient pesticide exposure from agricultural sources. 757 PD patients, primarily of White European/non-Hispanic ancestry (75%), were screened for variants in 85 genes using a custom amplicon panel. Variant enrichment was calculated against the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). Enriched exonic variants were prioritized by exposure to a cluster of pesticides used on cotton and severity of disease progression in a subset of 386 patients subdivided by race/ethnicity. Gene enrichment analysis identified 36 variants in 26 genes in PEG PD patients. Twelve of the identified genes (12/26, 46%) had multiple enriched variants and/or a single enriched variant present in multiple individuals, representing 61% (22/36) of the observed variation in the cohort. The majority of enriched variants (26/36, 72%) were found in genes contributing to lysosomal function, particularly autophagy, and were bioinformatically deemed functionally deleterious (31/36, 86%). We conclude that, in this study, variants in genes associated with lysosomal function, notably autophagy, were enriched in PD patients exposed to agricultural pesticides suggesting that altered lysosomal function may generate an underlying susceptibility for developing PD with pesticide exposure. Further study of gene-environment interactions targeting lysosomal function may improve understanding of PD risk in individuals exposed to pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathie J Ngo
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kimberly C Paul
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Darice Wong
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Clinical Neurogenomics Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Cynthia D J Kusters
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeff M Bronstein
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brent L Fogel
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Clinical Neurogenomics Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Perrin L, Moisan F, Spinosi J, Chaperon L, Jezewski-Serra D, Elbaz A. Combining crop-exposure matrices and land use data to estimate indices of environmental and occupational exposure to pesticides. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024; 34:333-344. [PMID: 37316534 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00562-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure assessment represents a major challenge for studies on the relation between pesticides and health. OBJECTIVE We developed a method combining information from crop-exposure matrices (CEMs) and land use data, in order to compute indices of environmental and occupational pesticide exposure. We illustrate our approach using French data (1979-2010). METHODS We used CEMs for five crops (straw cereals, grain corn, corn fodder, potatoes, vineyards) that describe use (annual probability, frequency, intensity) of pesticide subgroups, chemical families, and active substances by region and time since 1960. We combined these data with land use data from agricultural censuses (1979, 1988, 2000, 2010) to compute indices of environmental and occupational pesticide exposure in cantons (small French administrative units). Indices of environmental exposure were calculated based on the area of each crop in the cantons, while indices of occupational exposure depended on combinations of crops in each farm from the cantons. To illustrate our approach, we selected a pesticide group (herbicides), chemical family of herbicides (phenoxyacetic acids), and active substance from the phenoxyacetic acids chemical family (2,4-D). RESULTS The estimated proportion of the area of crops with CEMs and of farms sprayed with herbicides was close to 100% between 1979-2010, but the estimated average annual number of applications increased. There were decreasing time-trends for phenoxyacetic acids and 2,4-D over the same period for all indices of exposure. There was a high use of herbicides throughout France in 2010, except in the South coast. For phenoxyacetic acids and 2,4-D, the spatial distribution was heterogeneous for all indices of exposure, with the highest values in the Centre and North regions. IMPACT STATEMENT Assessment of pesticide exposure is a key issue for epidemiological studies on their association with health outcomes. However, it presents some unique challenges, particularly for retrospective exposure and the investigation of chronic diseases. We present a method to compute indices of exposure by combining information from crop-exposure matrices for five crops and land use data. Specificities of environmental and occupational exposure are addressed using different methods. These methods are applied to pesticides used in agriculture in France for five crops (3 groups, 91 chemical families, 197 active substances) to produce indices at a small geographic scale from 1979 to 2010 for the whole metropolitan France. Besides using these indices in French epidemiological studies, our approach could be relevant for other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laëtitia Perrin
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Institut Gustave-Roussy, INSERM U1018, Team « Exposome, heredity, cancer and health », CESP, 94807, Villejuif, France.
| | - Frédéric Moisan
- Santé publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Direction santé environnement travail, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Johan Spinosi
- Santé publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Direction santé environnement travail, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Laura Chaperon
- Santé publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Direction santé environnement travail, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Delphine Jezewski-Serra
- Santé publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Direction appui, traitements et analyses de données, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Alexis Elbaz
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Institut Gustave-Roussy, INSERM U1018, Team « Exposome, heredity, cancer and health », CESP, 94807, Villejuif, France
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Šulc L, Janoš T, Figueiredo D, Ottenbros I, Šenk P, Mikeš O, Huss A, Čupr P. Pesticide exposure among Czech adults and children from the CELSPAC-SPECIMEn cohort: Urinary biomarker levels and associated health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114002. [PMID: 35940232 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Current-use pesticides (CUP) are extensively applied in both agricultural and urban settings. Exposure occurs mainly via the dietary pathway; however, other pathways such as inhalation or skin contact are also important. In this study, urinary levels of 12 CUP metabolites were investigated among 110 parent-child pairs during two seasons of 2020. Metabolites of pyrethroids (3-PBA, t/c-DCCA), chlorpyrifos (TCPY), and tebuconazole (TEB-OH) were detected in more than 60% of the samples. Chlorpyrifos metabolite was found at the highest concentration and tebuconazole was detected in almost all samples. CUP urinary metabolite levels were significantly higher in children in comparison to adults, except for tebuconazole, which was similar in both groups. In children, winter samples had significantly higher concentrations of pyrethroid and chlorpyrifos metabolites in comparison to the summer samples, but in adults, only chlorpyrifos metabolite concentrations were higher in the winter. No association between CUP urinary metabolite levels and proximity/surface of agricultural areas around residences was observed. Based on our findings, we suspect that CUP exposure is mainly driven by diet and that the effect of environmental exposure is less significant. Daily Intakes were estimated with three possible scenarios considering the amount of the metabolite excreted in urine and were compared to Acceptable Daily Intake values. Using a realistic scenario, exposure to chlorpyrifos exhibited the highest health risk, but still within a safe level. The Acceptable Daily Intake was exceeded only in one child in the case of cypermethrin. The cumulative risk assessment of pesticide mixtures having an effect on the nervous system, based on the total margin of exposure calculations, did not indicate any risk. The overall risk associated with pesticide exposure in the observed population was low. However, the risk observed using the worst-case scenario suggests the need for continuous evaluation of human exposure to such compounds, especially in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libor Šulc
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Janoš
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Figueiredo
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ilse Ottenbros
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Center for Sustainability, Environment and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Petr Šenk
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Mikeš
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anke Huss
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Pavel Čupr
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Habran S, Philippart C, Jacquemin P, Remy S. Mapping agricultural use of pesticides to enable research and environmental health actions in Belgium. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 301:119018. [PMID: 35182653 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Given the many public health and environmental impacts associated with the use of pesticides, comprehensive pesticide application data are a high priority for environmental and health professionals, government agencies, and community groups in Wallonia (Belgium). In that context, geographic information system (GIS) approaches for mapping estimates of agricultural pesticide use were developed in the present study. Data on pesticide application rates and high-resolution annual datasets of the geographic distribution of crops were used to complete this analysis in Wallonia over the period 2015-2017. The method was implemented in Python in order to allow easy update and improvements of maps, or to segment maps by individual pesticides, chemical groups of pesticides (e.g. insecticides, herbicides), etc. Linked databases were created to classify, select, and possibly weight AIs according to specific requests and criteria. The results provide a first map of agricultural pesticide use in Wallonia, which depicts the best picture up to now of their geographic distribution. Maps of fungicides, herbicides, and plant growth regulators showed quite similar spatial patterns as the map of the combination of all pesticides. In contrast, the insecticide map showed a specific pattern related almost exclusively to dwarf-tree orchards in some municipalities in northern Wallonia. This research work is a preliminary result on the spatial characterization of agricultural pesticide use in Wallonia and give a valuable basis for research and environmental health actions in Belgium. Forthcoming developments will focus on exposure characterization to agricultural pesticides using GIS models. Using this information, policymakers will able to detect potential priority zones and take action to check and reduce agricultural pesticide loads in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Habran
- Environmental Health Unit, Institut Scientifique de Service Public (ISSeP), Liege, Belgium.
| | - Christelle Philippart
- Environmental Health Unit, Institut Scientifique de Service Public (ISSeP), Liege, Belgium
| | - Pierre Jacquemin
- Environmental Health Unit, Institut Scientifique de Service Public (ISSeP), Liege, Belgium
| | - Suzanne Remy
- Environmental Health Unit, Institut Scientifique de Service Public (ISSeP), Liege, Belgium
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Simões M, Huss A, Brouwer M, Krop E, Janssen N, Vermeulen R. Residential proximity to crops and agricultural pesticide use and cause-specific mortality: A prospective census-based cohort study in the Netherlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:152932. [PMID: 35007583 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is continued concern about residential proximity to agricultural pesticide use and possible adverse health effects. Studies on this subject have been scarce with inconsistent results. We explored associations between residential proximity to specific crops, pesticide use and cause-specific mortality in a prospective census-based cohort study in The Netherlands. METHODS Selecting inhabitants aged >30 living in less urbanized areas, at the same address for nine years up to baseline (2004) from a national register-based cohort, we followed ~3.1 million individuals for cause-specific mortality until 2012. We estimated the area of specific crop groups cultivated within buffers of 50 m, 100 m and 250 m around each individual's residence and the amount of fungicides, herbicides and insecticides used within the same buffers for the period 1995-2003. The association between these exposure proxies and 25 primary causes of death was investigated using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusting for individual and area-level confounders. RESULTS Residential proximity to crops was associated with decreased mortality risks overall. In contrast to the overall trend an increased risk was observed for chronic lower respiratory diseases and proximity to maize cultivation. We found no evidence of an association between the amount of pesticides used and cause-specific mortality. CONCLUSIONS In a large prospective census-based cohort study in The Netherlands we found evidence of an increased risk of chronic lower respiratory diseases in relation to maize cultivation which was not reflected in general pesticide use, hinting to specific pesticides or practices in maize cultivation that may lead to the observed increased risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Simões
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Anke Huss
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maartje Brouwer
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands; Centre for Sustainability, Environment and Health (DMG), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Esmeralda Krop
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole Janssen
- Centre for Sustainability, Environment and Health (DMG), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Vannier C, Chevrier C, Hubert-Moy L. Role of land use and land cover in residential exposures to agricultural pesticide models. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:355-376. [PMID: 32393061 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2020.1759029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of the general population to pesticides, especially in agricultural areas, is a major public health concern. This review analyses the role of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) in Residential Exposure to Agricultural Pesticides (REAP) and how it is measured and modelled. Some epidemiological studies have shown that basic LULC variables, such as distance to a crop and field size, are relevant for explaining REAP. However, the potential of LULC mitigation elements, such as vegetation barriers, grassy strips and buffer zones, to mitigate REAP has been poorly studied. The availability of recent low-cost and high-quality geospatial data enables REAP models to include alternative and more precise LULC variables. This review also highlights the need for (i) generic environmental sampling protocols, (ii) exposure and spraying datasets and (iii) assessment of the mitigation capacity of LULC to improve REAP modelling significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Vannier
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, LETG - UMR 6554, Rennes, France
- Department of Geography, College of Science, University of Canterbury - Te Whare Wananga O Waitaha, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Cécile Chevrier
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut De Recherche En Santé, Environnement Et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
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Severe Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Agricultural Profession: A Retrospective Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020926. [PMID: 35055748 PMCID: PMC8775777 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
While exposure to pesticides is a known risk factor for neurodegenerative brain diseases, little is known about the influence of environment on glaucoma neuropathy. We aimed to determine whether farmers are at higher risk of developing severe primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). This retrospective cohort study (tertiary referral center, Reims University Hospital, France) included patients diagnosed with POAG in the last two years. Univariate analysis and adjusted multivariate logistic regression were performed to evaluate the association between agricultural profession and all recorded data. Glaucoma severity (primary outcome) and the number of patients who underwent filtering surgery (secondary outcome) were analyzed. In total, 2065 records were screened, and 772 patients were included (66 in the farmer group and 706 in the nonfarmer group). The risk of severe glaucoma was higher in the farmer group (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.87, p = 0.03). More patients underwent filtering surgery in the farmer group in univariate analysis (p = 0.02) but with no statistical significance after adjustment (p = 0.08). These results suggest pesticide exposure may be a factor accelerating the neurodegeneration in POAG, although a direct link between the agricultural profession and the disease requires further extended studies to be demonstrated.
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Rehman A, Feng J, Qunyi T, Korma SA, Assadpour E, Usman M, Han W, Jafari SM. Pesticide-loaded colloidal nanodelivery systems; preparation, characterization, and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 298:102552. [PMID: 34717205 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The fast developments in pesticide-loaded nanodelivery systems over the last decade have inspired many companies and research organizations to highlight potential applications by employing encapsulation approaches in order to protect the agricultural crops. This approach is being used to retard the indiscriminate application of conventional pesticides, as well as, to make ensure the environmental safety. This article shed light on the potential of colloidal delivery systems, particularly controlled releasing profiles of several pesticides with enhanced stability and improved solubility. Colloidal nanodelivery systems, being efficient nanoformulations, have the ability to boost up the pest-control competence for prolonged intervals thru averting the early degradation of active ingredients under severe ecofriendly circumstances. This work is thus aimed to provide critical information on the meaningful role of nanocarriers for loading of pesticides. The smart art of pesticide-loaded nanocarriers can be more fruitful owing to the use of lower amount of active ingredients with improved efficiency along with minimizing the pesticide loss. Also, the future research gaps regarding nano-pesticide formulations, such as role of nanomaterials as active ingredients are discussed briefly. In addition, this article can deliver valuable information to the readers while establishing novel pesticide-loaded nanocarriers for a wide range of applications in the agriculture sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianguo Feng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Tong Qunyi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Sameh A Korma
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 114 El-Zeraa Road, Zagazig 44511, Sharkia, Egypt; School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Elham Assadpour
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, Ourense E-32004, Spain
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Beijing Advance Innovation center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Wen Han
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
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Parkinson's disease in a worker exposed to insecticides at a greenhouse. Ann Occup Environ Med 2021; 33:e6. [PMID: 34754467 PMCID: PMC7952772 DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2021.33.e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is a rare, neurodegenerative disease with various occupational and environmental risk factors. Exposure to specific pesticides contributes significantly to the incidence of PD. However, it is difficult to measure the level of pesticide exposure in workers. This study presents the first case recognized the work-relatedness between PD and pesticide exposure. Case presentation A 68-year-old male was diagnosed with PD after working with pesticides at a tomato greenhouse for 12 years and 5 months. From the results of a field study, it was reasonable to assume that the patient had been exposed to a significant level of various insecticides. In the present report, we described the first accepted case of work-relatedness between PD and exposure to pesticides. The evaluation was conducted using the following steps: we ruled out other possible risk factors including additional occupational history and personal risk factors, we assessed the work environment, surveyed possible exposures, found proper epidemiological evidence, and calculated the probability of causation. The work-relatedness was determined through the review of epidemiological evidence and estimation of exposure situation and level, and biological plausibility. We also decided work-relatedness based on the exposure of PD related pesticides with identified biologically plausible and the presumption that the exposure level would be high due to the working process. Conclusions In this case, the field study and epidemiological results supported the work-relatedness of PD and exposure to pesticides. Moreover, the results of previous studies have confirmed a causal relationship between exposure to pesticides and PD.
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Okey‐Onyesolu CF, Hassanisaadi M, Bilal M, Barani M, Rahdar A, Iqbal J, Kyzas GZ. Nanomaterials as Nanofertilizers and Nanopesticides: An Overview. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohadeseh Hassanisaadi
- Department of Plant Protection Faculty of Agriculture Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering Huaiyin Institute of Technology Huaian 223003 China
| | - Mahmood Barani
- Medical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman 7616913555 Iran
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics University of Zabol Zabol, P. O. Box. 35856-98613 Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Botany Bacha Khan University Charsadda, khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - George Z. Kyzas
- Department of Chemistry International Hellenic University Kavala Greece
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Venugopal D, Karunamoorthy P, Beerappa R, Sharma D, Aambikapathy M, Rajasekar K, Gaikwad A, Kondhalkar S. Evaluation of work place pesticide concentration and health complaints among women workers in tea plantation, Southern India. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2021; 31:560-570. [PMID: 33795842 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-020-00284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women contribute fifty percent of the total work force in tea plantation sector. The continuous use of chemical pesticides in plantation may increase the risk of exposure and can cause detrimental health effects. OBJECTIVES To assess the health status of women worker exposed to pesticides in tea plantation and to evaluate the pesticide levels in work environment. METHODS A cross sectional study was performed (n = 204) to assess the health complaints among exposed women workers (n = 116) and non-exposed women (n = 88) using a predesigned questionnaire. Work environmental air samples collected using PUF sampler and personal samplers were analyzed for various pesticides. RESULTS Musculoskeletal disorder, skin color changes, allergies and asthma were the most commonly reported health complaints. Notably, only 16% of the women used personal protective equipment (PPE) while 68% reported to have experienced tea plantation work up to 6 month of their pregnancy period. Chlorpyrifos methyl (8.3%), carbendazim (6.7%), thiamethoxam (4.2%), ethion (4.2%) and thiophanate methyl (2.1%) were detected in work place air samples. SIGNIFICANCE This study is the first to characterize pesticide levels in work place of women workers in India. Women are continuously exposed to pesticides through their work and environmental exposure. Preventive measures are essential to mitigate the adverse health effects of pesticides among women workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjayan Venugopal
- ICMR-Regional Occupational Health Centre (Sothern), ROHC(S), ICMR Complex, Devanahalli TK, Bangalore, 562110, India.
| | - Panjakumar Karunamoorthy
- ICMR-Regional Occupational Health Centre (Sothern), ROHC(S), ICMR Complex, Devanahalli TK, Bangalore, 562110, India
| | - Ravichandran Beerappa
- ICMR-Regional Occupational Health Centre (Sothern), ROHC(S), ICMR Complex, Devanahalli TK, Bangalore, 562110, India
| | - Debi Sharma
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Horticulture Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru, 560089, India
| | - Mala Aambikapathy
- ICMR-Regional Occupational Health Centre (Sothern), ROHC(S), ICMR Complex, Devanahalli TK, Bangalore, 562110, India
| | - Kausic Rajasekar
- Medical Officers, Primary Health Center, Valparai, Tamil Nadu, 642127, India
| | - Avinash Gaikwad
- ICMR-Regional Occupational Health Centre (Sothern), ROHC(S), ICMR Complex, Devanahalli TK, Bangalore, 562110, India
| | - Shridhar Kondhalkar
- ICMR-Regional Occupational Health Centre (Sothern), ROHC(S), ICMR Complex, Devanahalli TK, Bangalore, 562110, India
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Oliveira M, Padrão A, Ramalho A, Lobo M, Teodoro AC, Gonçalves H, Freitas A. Geospatial Analysis of Environmental Atmospheric Risk Factors in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17228414. [PMID: 33202965 PMCID: PMC7697835 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the vast evidence on the environmental influence in neurodegenerative diseases, those considering a geospatial approach are scarce. We conducted a systematic review to identify studies concerning environmental atmospheric risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases that have used geospatial analysis/tools. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for all scientific studies that included a neurodegenerative disease, an environmental atmospheric factor, and a geographical analysis. Of the 34 included papers, approximately 60% were related to multiple sclerosis (MS), hence being the most studied neurodegenerative disease in the context of this study. Sun exposure (n = 13) followed by the most common exhaustion gases (n = 10 for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and n = 5 for carbon monoxide (CO)) were the most studied atmospheric factors. Only one study used a geospatial interpolation model, although 13 studies used remote sensing data to compute atmospheric factors. In 20% of papers, we found an inverse correlation between sun exposure and multiple sclerosis. No consensus was reached in the analysis of nitrogen dioxide and Parkinson’s disease, but it was related to dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This systematic review (number CRD42020196188 in PROSPERO’s database) provides an insight into the available evidence regarding the geospatial influence of environmental factors on neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Oliveira
- CINTESIS—Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, s/n, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.); (M.L.); (H.G.); (A.F.)
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, s/n, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - André Padrão
- Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Porto, Via Panorâmica, s/n, 4150-564 Porto, Portugal;
| | - André Ramalho
- CINTESIS—Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, s/n, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.); (M.L.); (H.G.); (A.F.)
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, s/n, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Lobo
- CINTESIS—Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, s/n, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.); (M.L.); (H.G.); (A.F.)
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, s/n, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Cláudia Teodoro
- Department of Geosciences, Environment and Land Planning, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
- Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Pole of the FCUP, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hernâni Gonçalves
- CINTESIS—Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, s/n, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.); (M.L.); (H.G.); (A.F.)
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, s/n, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alberto Freitas
- CINTESIS—Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, s/n, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.); (M.L.); (H.G.); (A.F.)
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, s/n, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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Pimpinella anisum Essential Oil Nanoemulsion Toxicity against Tribolium castaneum? Shedding Light on Its Interactions with Aspartate Aminotransferase and Alanine Aminotransferase by Molecular Docking. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204841. [PMID: 33092276 PMCID: PMC7587950 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The insecticidal activity is the result of a series of complex interactions between toxic substances as ligands and insect’s enzymes as targets. Actually, synthetic insecticides used in pest control programs are harmful to the environment and may affect non-target organisms; thus, the use of natural products as pest control agents can be very attractive. In the present work, the toxic effect of aniseed (Pimpinella anisum L.) essential oil (EO) and its nanoemulsion (NE) against the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, has been evaluated. To assess the EO mode of action, the impact of sub-lethal concentrations of aniseed EO and NE was evaluated on enzymatic and macromolecular parameters of the beetles, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total protein, total lipids and glucose. Finally, a molecular docking study was conducted to predict the mode of action of the major EO and NE components namely E-anethole, Limonene, alpha-himalachalene, trans-Verbenol and Linalool at binding site of the enzymes AST and ALT. Herein, the binding location of the main compounds in both proteins are discussed suggesting the possible interactions between the considered enzymes and ligands. The obtained results open new horizons to understand the evolution and response of insect-plant compounds interactions and their effect predicted at the molecular levels and side effects of both animal and human.
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Patel DM, Gyldenkærne S, Jones RR, Olsen SF, Tikellis G, Granström C, Dwyer T, Stayner LT, Ward MH. Residential proximity to agriculture and risk of childhood leukemia and central nervous system tumors in the Danish national birth cohort. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 143:105955. [PMID: 32711331 PMCID: PMC10115138 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living in an agricultural area or on farms has been associated with increased risk of childhood cancer but few studies have evaluated specific agricultural exposures. We prospectively examined residential proximity to crops and animals during pregnancy and risk of childhood leukemia and central nervous system (CNS) tumors in Denmark. METHODS The Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) consists of 91,769 pregnant women (96,841 live-born children) enrolled in 1996-2003. For 61 childhood leukemias and 59 CNS tumors <15 years of age that were diagnosed through 2014 and a ~10% random sample of the live births (N = 9394) with geocoded addresses, we linked pregnancy addresses to crop fields and animal farm locations and estimated the crop area (hectares [ha]) and number of animals (standardized by their nitrogen emissions) by type within 250 meters (m), 500 m, 1000 m, and 2000 m of the home. We also estimated pesticide applications (grams, active ingredient) based on annual sales data for nine herbicides and one fungicide that were estimated to have been applied to >30% of the area of one or more crop. We used Cox proportional hazard models (weighted to the full cohort) to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of childhood leukemia and CNS tumors with crop area, animals, and pesticide applications adjusted for gender and maternal age. RESULTS Sixty-three percent of mothers had crops within 500 m of their homes during pregnancy; winter and spring cereals were the major crop types. Compared to mothers with no crops <500 m, we found increasing risk of childhood leukemia among offspring of mothers with increasing crop area near their home (highest tertile >24 ha HR: 2.0, CI:1.02-3.8), which was stronger after adjustment for animals (within 1000 m) (HR: 2.6, CI:1.02-6.8). We also observed increased risk for grass/clover (highest tertile >1.1 ha HR: 3.1, CI:1.2-7.7), peas (>0 HR: 2.4, CI: 1.02-5.4), and maize (>0 HR: 2.8, CI: 1.1-6.9) in animal-adjusted models. We found no association between number of animals near homes and leukemia risk. Crops, total number of animals, and hogs within 500 m of the home were not associated with CNS tumors but we observed an increased risk with >median cattle compared with no animals in crop-adjusted models (HR = 2.2, CI: 1.02-4.9). In models adjusted for total animals, the highest tertiles of use of three herbicides and one fungicide were associated with elevated risk of leukemia but no associations were statistically significant; there were no associations with CNS tumors. CONCLUSIONS Risk of childhood leukemia was associated with higher crop area near mothers' homes during pregnancy; CNS tumors were associated with higher cattle density. Quantitative estimates of crop pesticides and other agricultural exposures are needed to clarify possible reasons for these increased risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deven M Patel
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Steen Gyldenkærne
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Sjurdur F Olsen
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Center for Fetal Programming, Staten Serum Institute, Artillerivej 5, 2300 København, Denmark
| | - Gabriella Tikellis
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charlotta Granström
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Center for Fetal Programming, Staten Serum Institute, Artillerivej 5, 2300 København, Denmark
| | - Terence Dwyer
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leslie T Stayner
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1603 West Taylor Street, Room 978a, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mary H Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
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Teysseire R, Manangama G, Baldi I, Carles C, Brochard P, Bedos C, Delva F. Assessment of residential exposures to agricultural pesticides: A scoping review. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232258. [PMID: 32343750 PMCID: PMC7188210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The assessment of residential exposure to agricultural pesticides is a major issue for public health, regulatory and management purposes. In recent years, research into this field has developed considerably. The purpose of this scoping review is to provide an overview of scientific literature characterizing residential exposure to agricultural pesticides and to identify potential gaps in this research area. This work was conducted according to the JBI and PRISMA guidelines. Three databases were consulted. At least two experts selected the eligible studies. Our scoping review enabled us to identify 151 articles published between 1988 and 2019 dealing with the assessment of residential exposure to agricultural pesticides. Of these, 98 (64.9%) were epidemiological studies investigating possible links between pesticide exposure and the onset of adverse health effects, principally cancers and reproductive outcomes. They predominantly used Geographic Information Systems and sometimes surveys or interviews to calculate surrogate exposure metrics, the most common being the amounts of pesticides applied or the surface area of crops around the dwelling. Twenty-six (17.2%) were observational measurement studies conducted to quantify levels of pesticide exposure and identify their possible determinants. These studies assessed exposure by measuring pesticides in biological and environmental matrices, mostly in urines and house dust. Finally, we found only eight publications (5.3%) that quantified the risk to human health due to residential exposure for management purposes, in which exposure was mainly determined using probabilistic models. Pesticide exposure appears to be largely correlated with the spatial organization of agriculture activities in a territory. The determinants and routes of exposure remain to be explored to improve the conduct of epidemiological and risk assessment studies and to help prevent future exposures. Improvement could be expected from small-scale studies combining different methods of exposure assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaëlle Teysseire
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inserm UMR1219-EPICENE, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bordeaux Hospital, Bordeaux, France
- Environmental health platform dedicated to reproduction, ARTEMIS center, Bordeaux, France
- Regional Health Agency of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France
| | - Guyguy Manangama
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inserm UMR1219-EPICENE, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bordeaux Hospital, Bordeaux, France
- Environmental health platform dedicated to reproduction, ARTEMIS center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Baldi
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inserm UMR1219-EPICENE, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bordeaux Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Camille Carles
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inserm UMR1219-EPICENE, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bordeaux Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick Brochard
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inserm UMR1219-EPICENE, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bordeaux Hospital, Bordeaux, France
- Environmental health platform dedicated to reproduction, ARTEMIS center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Carole Bedos
- ECOSYS, INRA-AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Fleur Delva
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inserm UMR1219-EPICENE, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bordeaux Hospital, Bordeaux, France
- Environmental health platform dedicated to reproduction, ARTEMIS center, Bordeaux, France
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Yang N, Fu R, Chao Y, Liu H, Ma X. Quantitative assessment of environmental exposure of delivery men in Wuhan. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2020; 75:445-463. [PMID: 32228223 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2020.1743959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The take out industry is rapidly developing in China, but the environmental exposure of delivery men is neglected. "Ele.Me," an online food ordering platform, is one of the two largest catering online-to-offline platforms in China. From January 2018 to April 2018, data from 16,528 take out shops in Wuhan were crawled by using Python. The data included store name, average delivery time, delivery price, region, and store type. With the use of Baidu map's API batch reverse address resolution, the map locations of the take out shops were identified. Network service area was utilized to obtain the activity space of delivery men along the Wuhan traffic road network. Combined with the data on sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), PM2.5, PM10, and noise provided by the Wuhan Environmental Protection Bureau, the spatial interpolation, regional analysis, superposition analysis, and other geographic information system spatial analysis methods were used to study the air and noise pollution within the activity space of delivery men in various take out shops. Results revealed the unbalanced environment faced by Wuhan delivery men. The exposure to NO2, CO, and PM2.5 was mainly concentrated in the central city, whereas the exposure to SO2, O3, and PM10 was mainly noted far from the city. Noise pollution was mainly observed in the districts of Hannan, Caidian, and Dongxihu; and the most serious pollution was recorded in Shamao Street. The weighted comprehensive pollution index model was used to calculate the contribution weight of each evaluation factor to obtain the results of environmental exposure to air pollution. The influence of noise was further considered to obtain the consequences of comprehensive environmental exposure to pollution. The highly polluted regions were those in the central part of the city. Pollution was mainly concentrated in the third loop, whereas Zhucheng Street in the Xinzhou District provided the best environment. The results of this study can serve as a reference for the physical health risk assessment of delivery men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai Yang
- School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rong Fu
- School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Chao
- School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Chongqing Zhixing Hongtu Technology Co.Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoya Ma
- College of Geosciences, Yangtze University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation, Ministry of Land and Resources, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Kumar S, Nehra M, Dilbaghi N, Marrazza G, Hassan AA, Kim KH. Nano-based smart pesticide formulations: Emerging opportunities for agriculture. J Control Release 2019; 294:131-153. [PMID: 30552953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of nanotechnology as a means for nanopesticides is in the early stage of development. The main idea behind this incorporation is to lower the indiscriminate use of conventional pesticides to be in line with safe environmental applications. Nanoencapsulated pesticides can provide controlled release kinetics, while efficiently enhancing permeability, stability, and solubility. Nanoencapsulation can enhance the pest-control efficiency over extended durations by preventing the premature degradation of active ingredients (AIs) under harsh environmental conditions. This review is thus organized to critically assess the significant role of nanotechnology for encapsulation of AIs for pesticides. The smart delivery of pesticides is essential to reduce the dosage of AIs with enhanced efficacy and to overcome pesticide loss (e.g., due to leaching and evaporation). The future trends of pesticide nanoformulations including nanomaterials as AIs and nanoemulsions of biopesticides are also explored. This review should thus offer a valuable guide for establishing regulatory frameworks related to field applications of these nano-based pesticides in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India; Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Nebraska Lincoln, P.O. Box 886105, Lincoln, NE 68588-6105, United States.
| | - Monika Nehra
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India; Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Neeraj Dilbaghi
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Giovanna Marrazza
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Unit of Florence, Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136, Roma, Italy
| | - Ashraf Aly Hassan
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Nebraska Lincoln, P.O. Box 886105, Lincoln, NE 68588-6105, United States
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Bukalasa JS, Brunekreef B, Brouwer M, Koppelman GH, Wijga AH, Huss A, Gehring U. Associations of residential exposure to agricultural pesticides with asthma prevalence in adolescence: The PIAMA birth cohort. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:435-442. [PMID: 30266014 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that children who are exposed to agricultural pesticides have an increased risk of asthma, but evidence for associations betweeen residential pesticide exposure and childhood asthma is inconsistent. OBJECTIVES To investigate the associations of residential pesticide exposure with the prevalence of asthma and related symptoms within a Dutch birth cohort study. METHODS In this cross-sectional analysis, we included participants of the PIAMA birth cohort study with data on residential pesticide exposure and asthma from parent-completed questionnaires at age 14, collected in 2012 (N = 1473). We used spatial data on the presence of individual crops (cereals, open field vegetables, commercial crops, open field floriculture/bulbs, corn and potatoes) and pesticide application on these crops to estimate residential exposure to pesticides with known irritant properties for the respiratory system within distances of 100, 500, and 1000 m of the participants' homes. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations between exposure and outcomes, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS No associations were found between living within 100, 500 and 1000 m of agricultural fields likely treated with pesticides and symptoms of asthma. For instance, for participants living within 100 m of fields with any crops likely treated with pesticides, the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for the prevalence of asthma, shortness of breath and dry night cough at age 14 were 0.31 (0.07, 1.32), 0.61 (0.23, 1.57) and 1.26 (0.56, 2.80), respectively. No associations were found between estimated exposure to pesticides with known irritant properties for the respiratory system and asthma or related symptoms. CONCLUSIONS There was no association between living near agricultural fields likely treated with pesticides and asthma and related respiratory symptoms, among our study participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Bukalasa
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maartje Brouwer
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard H Koppelman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alet H Wijga
- Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Anke Huss
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrike Gehring
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Doğanlar ZB, Doğanlar O, Tozkir H, Gökalp FD, Doğan A, Yamaç F, Aşkın OO, Aktaş ÜE. Nonoccupational Exposure of Agricultural Area Residents to Pesticides: Pesticide Accumulation and Evaluation of Genotoxicity. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 75:530-544. [PMID: 30003277 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-018-0545-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Although many studies related the toxic effects of pesticides on agricultural workers, little research has been done about agricultural area residents. The purpose of this work was to monitor the presence of pesticides, as well as their genotoxic and cytotoxic potential, in humans with blood samples collected from control and intensive agricultural areas in the Thrace region. Pesticide accumulations were determined by LC-MS/MS. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were analyzed by comet assay, and the effect of pesticide accumulation on oxidative stress, DNA repair, and molecular chaperone response were analyzed by qRT-PCR assays in the human blood samples. The agricultural area residents had a significantly higher concentration of pesticides than those in the control area at all three sampling times, and the total pesticide amounts were 4.3 and 10 times significantly higher in blood sampled in the pesticide use period (August 2015 and 2016, respectively) than in the nonuse period (November 2015). The results showed that the pesticide level in blood during the use period led to oxidative stress, DNA damage (mean comet length and % tail DNA), and unfolded/misfolded protein response. Particularly, in pesticide use season, difference between these parameters was found statistically significant with comparison to control. Our results indicate that individuals residing around a monoculture rice farming area comprise an at-risk group as a result of increased genotoxicity evidenced in human blood. We suggest that biological monitoring efforts should be used to control nonoccupational exposures to pesticides and thus safeguard the health of agricultural area residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Banu Doğanlar
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.
| | - Oğuzhan Doğanlar
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Tozkir
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Fulya Dilek Gökalp
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Ayten Doğan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Ferah Yamaç
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Orhan Onur Aşkın
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kırklareli University, Kırklareli, Turkey
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Oxidative stress in triazine pesticide toxicity: a review of the main biomarker findings. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2018; 69:109-125. [DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2018-69-3118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This review article provides a summary of the studies relying on oxidative stress biomarkers (lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in particular) to investigate the effects of atrazine and terbuthylazine exposure in experimental animals and humans published since 2010. In general, experimental animals showed that atrazine and terbuthylazine exposure mostly affected their antioxidant defences and, to a lesser extent, lipid peroxidation, but the effects varied by the species, sex, age, herbicide concentration, and duration of exposure. Most of the studies involved aquatic organisms as useful and sensitive bio-indicators of environmental pollution and important part of the food chain. In laboratory mice and rats changes in oxidative stress markers were visible only with exposure to high doses of atrazine. Recently, our group reported that low-dose terbuthylazine could also induce oxidative stress in Wistar rats. It is evident that any experimental assessment of pesticide toxic effects should take into account a combination of several oxidative stress and antioxidant defence biomarkers in various tissues and cell compartments. The identified effects in experimental models should then be complemented and validated by epidemiological studies. This is important if we wish to understand the impact of pesticides on human health and to establish safe limits.
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Paul KC, Jerrett M, Ritz B. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease: Overlapping Biologic Mechanisms and Environmental Risk Factors. Curr Environ Health Rep 2018; 5:44-58. [PMID: 29464502 PMCID: PMC5931378 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-018-0176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW A number of studies over the past two decades have suggested that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients are at an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several common molecular pathways to cellular and metabolic dysfunction have been implicated in the etiology of both diseases. Here, we review the emerging evidence from observational studies that investigate the relationship between T2DM and AD, and of shared environmental risk factors, specifically air pollution and pesticides, associated with both chronic disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Particulate matter and traffic-related air pollution have been widely associated with T2DM, and multiple studies have associated exposures with AD or cognitive function. Organochlorine (OC) and organophosphate (OP) pesticides have been associated with T2DM in multiple independent populations. Two populations have observed increased risks for OC and OP exposures and AD. Other studies, limited in exposure assessment, have reported increased risk of AD with any pesticide exposure assessments. This may suggest shared pathogenic pathways between environmental risk factors, T2DM, and AD. Research focusing on exposures related to both T2DM and AD could provide new disease insights on shared mechanisms and help shape innovative preventative measures and policy decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly C Paul
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael Jerrett
- Department of Environmental Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Environmental Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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22
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Brouwer M, Huss A, van der Mark M, Nijssen PCG, Mulleners WM, Sas AMG, van Laar T, de Snoo GR, Kromhout H, Vermeulen RCH. Environmental exposure to pesticides and the risk of Parkinson's disease in the Netherlands. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 107:100-110. [PMID: 28704700 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to pesticides has been linked to Parkinson's disease (PD), although associations between specific pesticides and PD have not been well studied. Residents of rural areas can be exposed through environmental drift and volatilization of agricultural pesticides. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to investigate the association between lifetime environmental exposure to individual pesticides and the risk of PD, in a national case-control study. METHODS Environmental exposure to pesticides was estimated using a spatio-temporal model, based on agricultural crops around the residential address. Distance up to 100m from the residence was considered most relevant, considering pesticide drift potential of application methods used in the Netherlands. Exposure estimates were generated for 157 pesticides, used during the study period, of which four (i.e. paraquat, maneb, lindane, benomyl) were considered a priori relevant for PD. RESULTS A total of 352 PD cases and 607 hospital-based controls were included. No significant associations with PD were found for the a priori pesticides. In a hypothesis generating analysis, including 153 pesticides, increased risk of PD was found for 21 pesticides, mainly used on cereals and potatoes. Results were suggestive for an association between bulb cultivation and PD. CONCLUSIONS For paraquat, risk estimates for the highest cumulative exposure tertile were in line with previously reported elevated risks. Increased risk of PD was observed for exposure to (a cluster of) pesticides used on rotating crops. High correlations limited our ability to identify individual pesticides responsible for this association. This study provides some evidence for an association between environmental exposure to specific pesticides and the risk of PD, and generates new leads for further epidemiological and mechanistic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje Brouwer
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Huss
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne van der Mark
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C G Nijssen
- Department of Neurology, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Wim M Mulleners
- Department of Neurology, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Antonetta M G Sas
- Department of Neurology, Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, The Netherlands
| | - Teus van Laar
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert R de Snoo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Kromhout
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel C H Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Julius Centre for Public Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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23
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Bukalasa JS, Brunekreef B, Brouwer M, Vermeulen R, de Jongste JC, van Rossem L, Vonk JM, Wijga A, Huss A, Gehring U. Proximity to agricultural fields as proxy for environmental exposure to pesticides among children: The PIAMA birth cohort. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 595:515-520. [PMID: 28395266 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agricultural pesticides are frequently used for crop protection. Residents living in close proximity to treated fields may be exposed to these pesticides. There is some indication that children living near agricultural fields have an increased risk of developing asthma and decreased lung function. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the proximity of participants' homes to fields likely treated with pesticides as proxy for environmental exposure to agricultural pesticides among participants of a Dutch birth cohort study, and to combine acreage of fields with farmer-reported pesticide use. METHODS Potential pesticide exposure at the home address at the time of the 14-year follow-up was estimated for 2291 participants of the Dutch PIAMA birth cohort study. We used spatial data on the presence of crops during the year 2012 to calculate the surface area of specific crops relevant for pesticide use in The Netherlands cultivated within 50, 100, 500 and 1000m of the study homes. Farmer-reported pesticides use on specific crops from a national survey performed in 2012 was used to estimate the amount of all pesticides and pesticides with known irritant properties for the respiratory system applied within the aforementioned distances of the study homes. RESULTS For 3%, 7%, 40%, and 65% of the homes, any relevant crops were present within 50, 100, 500 and 1000m, respectively. Among these, the most frequent crops were corn, cereals, and potatoes. For almost the same percentages of homes, it was estimated that pesticides with known irritant properties for the respiratory system were potentially applied within these distances. CONCLUSIONS We observed that a small proportion of the study participants lived in close proximity (<50 or <100m) to agricultural fields with crops relevant for pesticide use in The Netherlands. The percentage of study homes within 500 or 1000m of agricultural fields with these crops was much larger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Bukalasa
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - Maartje Brouwer
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - Johan C de Jongste
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center/Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Lenie van Rossem
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - Judith M Vonk
- Department of Epidemiology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Alet Wijga
- Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Anke Huss
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ulrike Gehring
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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