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Deljavan Ghodrati A, Comoglu T. An overview on recent approaches for colonic drug delivery systems. Pharm Dev Technol 2024; 29:566-581. [PMID: 38813948 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2024.2362353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Colon-targeted drug delivery systems have garnered significant interest as potential solutions for delivering various medications susceptible to acidic and catalytic degradation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract or as a means of treating colonic diseases naturally with fewer overall side effects. The increasing demand for patient-friendly drug administration underscores the importance of colonic drug delivery, particularly through noninvasive methods like nanoparticulate drug delivery technologies. Such systems offer improved patient compliance, cost reduction, and therapeutic advantages. This study places particular emphasis on formulations and discusses recent advancements in various methods for designing colon-targeted drug delivery systems and their medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Deljavan Ghodrati
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tansel Comoglu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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2
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Chowdhury AI, Alam MR. Health effects of heavy metals in meat and poultry consumption in Noakhali, Bangladesh. Toxicol Rep 2024; 12:168-177. [PMID: 38304698 PMCID: PMC10832487 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined the quantities of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Fe, and Cu) in commercially available meat, poultry, and game products in Noakhali, Bangladesh, and their potential health effects, as heavy metal contamination poses a significant food safety risk to human health Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry was used to analyze heavy metals, and the health risk assessment was based on Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Targeted Hazard Quotient (THQ), Total THQ, and Total Carcinogenic Risk (TCR). Most samples exceeded Maximum Allowable Concentrations (MAC) for heavy metals. The EDI value of Cd, Pb, and Cr for duck liver, goat liver, and pigeon brain, were higher than the Maximum Tolerable Dietary Intake (MTDI). Children had 1.28 times higher HI values than an adult. The calculation of THQ of all elements in adults and children was in the order of Cu; Pb; Ni; Cr; Cd; and Fe. The calculated TTHQ values were in the range of 0.051 to 1.988 and 0.047 to 3.975 for adults and children, respectively. The TCR values for Cd in poultry liver, brain, and meat, Sonali chicken, cow, pigeon, duck, and goat liver were higher than the reference value for adults and children, suggesting a potential cancer risk. The average exposure to lead leads to an increase in blood pressure by 0.47 mmHg and a decrease in IQ score by 1.94 points. The present study reveals the need to determine strong relationships between heavy metal exposure and food supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akibul Islam Chowdhury
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
- Department of Nutrition and Food Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Rahanur Alam
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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3
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Romeo D, Clement P, Wick P. Release and toxicity assessment of carbon nanomaterial reinforced polymers during the use and end-of-life phases: A comparative review. NANOIMPACT 2023; 31:100477. [PMID: 37499755 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2023.100477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The research on carbon-based nanomaterial (C-NM) composites has increased in the last two decades. This family of functional materials shows outstanding mechanical, thermal and electrical properties, and are being used in a variety of applications. An important challenge remains before C-NM can be fully integrated in our production industries and our lives: to assess the release of debris during production, use, and misuse of composites and the effect they may have on the environment and on human health. During their lifecycle, composites materials can be subjected to a variety of stresses which may release particles from the macroscopic range to the nanoscale. In this review, the release of debris due to abrasion, weathering and combustion as well as their toxicity is evaluated for the three most used C-NM: Carbon Black, Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene-related materials. The goal is to stimulate a Safe-By-Design approach by guiding the selection of carbon nano-fillers for specific applications based of safety and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daina Romeo
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland
| | - Pietro Clement
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland
| | - Peter Wick
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland.
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4
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Delkowski M, Smith CT, Anguita JV, Silva SRP. Radiation and electrostatic resistance for ultra-stable polymer composites reinforced with carbon fibers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd6947. [PMID: 36930711 PMCID: PMC10022895 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add6947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Future space travel needs ultra-lightweight and robust structural materials that can withstand extreme conditions with multiple entry points to orbit to ensure mission reliability. This is unattainable with current inorganic materials. Ultra-highly stable carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) have shown susceptibility to environmental instabilities and electrostatic discharge, thereby limiting the full lightweight potential of CFRP. A more robust and improved CFRP is needed in order to improve space travel and structural engineering further. Here, we address these challenges and present a superlattice nano-barrier-enhanced CFRP with a density of ~3.18 g/cm3 that blends within the mechanical properties of the CFRP, thus becoming part of the composite itself. We demonstrate composites with enhanced radiation resistance coupled with electrical conductivity (3.2 × 10-8 ohm⋅m), while ensuring ultra-dimensionally stable physical properties even after temperature cycles from 77 to 573 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Delkowski
- Advanced Technology Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
- Airbus Defence and Space GmbH, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - Christopher T.G. Smith
- Advanced Technology Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - José V. Anguita
- Advanced Technology Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - S. Ravi P. Silva
- Advanced Technology Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
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5
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Daneshvar F, Hankin S, Fern G, Chen H, Zhang T, Aitken R, Sue HJ. Evaluation of 1-dimensional nanomaterials release during electrospinning and thermogravimetric analysis. INDOOR AIR 2021; 31:1967-1981. [PMID: 34171141 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The growing research interests with engineered nanomaterials in academic laboratories and manufacturing facilities pose potential safety risks to students and workers. New nanoparticle substances, compositions, and processing approaches are developed regularly, creating new health risks which may not have been addressed previously. Accordingly, the Institute of Occupational Medicine conducted field studies at Texas A&M University (TAMU) to characterize possible particle emissions during processing and fabrication of carbon nanotubes, copper nanowires, and polymeric fibers. The nature of the monitoring work carried out at TAMU was to investigate the potential release of 1D nanomaterials to air from activities associated with synthesis, handling, thermal gravimetric analysis, and electrospinning processes, and evaluate the effectiveness of the utilized control measures. The potential nanoparticle release to air from each activity was investigated using a combination of particle detection instrumentations, coupled with standard filter-based sampling techniques. The analyses indicated that a measurable quantity of free carbon nanosphere aggregates was detected during these activities; however, no free MWCNTs or nanowires were detected. Scanning electron microscopy identified the presence of carbon nanospheres aggregates on the filters. While the control measures used at TAMU are effective in containing the nanomaterial release during processing, poor handling and occupational hygiene practices can increase the risk of employee exposure to the nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Daneshvar
- Polymer Technology Centre, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Intel Ronler Acres Campus, Intel Corp, Hillsboro, OR, USA
| | - Steve Hankin
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) and SAFENANO, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gordon Fern
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) and SAFENANO, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hengxi Chen
- Polymer Technology Centre, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Tan Zhang
- Polymer Technology Centre, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Rob Aitken
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) and SAFENANO, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hung-Jue Sue
- Polymer Technology Centre, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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6
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Faryabi S, Ghorbiani M, Nazarpak HH, Rashidimehr A. Lead exposure through eggs in Iran: health risk assessment. FOODS AND RAW MATERIALS 2021. [DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2021-1-184-191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Contamination of food, including animal protein sources, with heavy metals is a major threat to humans. The aim of this research was to determine lead concentrations in eggs from different Iranian regions and assess risks to human health.
Study objects and methods. In this study, lead concentrations in eggs produced at laying hen farms in Qom, Isfahan (Kashan city), and Khorasan Razavi (Mashhad city) provinces were measured by an atomic absorption device. Health risk was estimated using the Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA) model.
Results and discussion. The levels of lead in eggs were significantly different (P ≤ 0.05) among the three regions. They were lower than the permissible limit (0.1 mg/kg) for Kashan (0.0756 mg/kg) and Mashhad (0.0633 mg/kg), but eggs from Qom contained
0.1163 mg/kg of lead. In all the three regions, the estimated daily intake (EDI) of lead was lower than the maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI), indicating no health risk for lead through egg consumption among Iranian consumers. Also, no risks were detected for adults in terms of non-cancer risk, or target hazard quotients (THQ), and carcinogenic risk (CR) of lead (THQ < 1 and CR < 10–6).
Conclusion. The results of this study indicated that lead health risk through egg consumption is within safe limits. However, the nutritional importance and high consumption of eggs among households necessitate a more careful monitoring of lead concentrations to meet public health requirements.
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Galey L, Audignon-Durand S, Brochard P, Debia M, Lacourt A, Lambert P, Le Bihan O, Martinon L, Pasquereau P, Witschger O, Garrigou A. Vers une méthode opérationnelle d’évaluation de l’exposition aux aérosols de nanoparticules par l’intégration de l’activité de travail à la mesure. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2020.03.831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Key Role of the Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) within Epoxy Networks on their Ability to Release. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112530. [PMID: 33138127 PMCID: PMC7693905 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced nanocomposites represent a unique opportunity in terms of designing advanced materials with mechanical reinforcement and improvements in the electrical and thermal conductivities. However, the toxic effects of these composites on human health have been studied, and very soon, some regulations on CNTs and on composites based on CNTs will be enacted. That is why the release of CNTs during the nanocomposite lifecycle must be controlled. As the releasing depends on the interfacial strength that is stronger between CNTs and polymers compared to CNTs in a CNT agglomerate, two dispersion states—one poorly dispersed versus another well dispersed—are generated and finely described. So, the main aim of this study is to check if the CNT dispersion state has an influence on the CNT releasing potential in the nanocomposite. To well tailor and characterize the CNT dispersion state in the polymer matrix, electronic microscopies (SEM and TEM) and also rheological analysis are carried out to identify whether CNTs are isolated, in bundles, or in agglomerates. When the dispersion state is known and controlled, its influence on the polymerization kinetic and on mechanical properties is discussed. It appears clearly that in the case of a good dispersion state, strong interfaces are generated, linking the isolated nanotubes with the polymer, whereas the CNT cohesion in an agglomerate seems much more weak, and it does not provide any improvement to the polymer matrix. Raman spectroscopy is relevant to analyze the interfacial properties and allows the relationship with the releasing ability of nanocomposites; i.e., CNTs poorly dispersed in the matrix are more readily released when compared to well-dispersed nanocomposites. The tribological tests confirm from released particles granulometry and observations that a CNT dispersion state sufficiently achieved in the nanocomposite avoids single CNT releasing under those solicitations.
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9
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Korchevskiy A. Using benchmark dose modeling for the quantitative risk assessment: Carbon nanotubes, asbestos, glyphosate. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:148-160. [PMID: 33040390 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Benchmark dose method is one of the most famous quantitative approaches available for toxicological risks prediction. However, it is not fully clear how occupational health professionals can use it for specific workplace scenarios requiring carcinogen risk assessment. The paper explores the hypothesis that benchmark dose method allows to effectively approximate dose-response data on carcinogenic response, providing reasonable estimations of risks in the situations when a choice between more complex models is not warranted for practical purposes. Three case studies were analyzed for the agents with different levels of scientific confidence in human carcinogenicity: carbon nanotubes, amosite asbestos, and glyphosate. For each agent, a critical study was determined, and a dose-response slope factor was quantified, based on the weighted average lower bound benchmark dose. The linear slope factors of 0.111 lifetime excess cases of lung carcinoma per mg/m3 of MWCNT-7 (in rats exposure equivalent), 0.009 cases of mesothelioma per f/cc-years of cumulative exposure to amosite asbestos, and 0.000094 cases of malignant lymphoma per mg/kg/day of glyphosate (in mice equivalent) were determined. The correlations between the proposed linear predictive models and observed data points were R = 0.96 (R2 = 0.92) for carbon nanotubes, R = 0.97 (R2 = 0.95) for amosite asbestos, and R = 0.89 (R2 = 0.79) for glyphosate. In all three cases, the linear extrapolation yielded comparable level of risk estimations with the "best fit" nonlinear model; for nanoparticles and amosite asbestos, linear estimations were more conservative. By performing a simulation study, it was demonstrated that a weighted average benchmark dose expressed the highest correlation with multistage and quantal-linear models.
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10
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Wright MD, Buckley AJ, Smith R. Estimates of carbon nanotube deposition in the lung: improving quality and robustness. Inhal Toxicol 2020; 32:282-298. [PMID: 32689844 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2020.1785594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) in vivo inhalation studies are increasingly providing estimates of the quantity of material deposited in the lung, generally estimated using standard formulae and pulmonary deposition models. These models have typically been developed and validated using data from studies using sphere-like particles. Given the importance of particle morphology to pulmonary deposition, the appropriateness of such an approach was explored to identify any potential limitations. Aerosolized CNT particles typically form 'fiber-like' and/or 'broadly spherical' agglomerates. A review of currently used deposition models indicates that none have been directly validated against results for CNT, however, models for spherical particles have been extensively validated against a wide range of particle sizes and materials and are thus expected to provide reasonable estimates for most 'broadly spherical' CNT particles, although experimental confirmation of this would be of benefit, especially given their low density. The validation of fiber deposition models is significantly less extensive and, in general, focused on larger particles, e.g. asbestos. This raises concerns about the accuracy of deposition estimates for 'fiber-like' CNT particles and recommendations are made for future research to address this. An appreciation of the uncertainties on CNT deposition estimates is important for their interpretation and thus it is recommended that model sensitivity and uncertainty assessments be undertaken. Issues surrounding the measurement and derivation of model input data are also addressed, including instrument responses and particle density assessment options. Recommendations are also made for aerosol characterization to 'future-proof' CNT inhalation studies regarding advances in deposition modeling and toxicological understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Wright
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (CRCE), Public Health England (PHE), Chilton, UK
| | - Alison J Buckley
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (CRCE), Public Health England (PHE), Chilton, UK
| | - Rachel Smith
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (CRCE), Public Health England (PHE), Chilton, UK
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11
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Wang Z, Chen C, Liu H, Hrynshpan D, Savitskaya T, Chen J, Chen J. Effects of carbon nanotube on denitrification performance of Alcaligenes sp. TB: Promotion of electron generation, transportation and consumption. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109507. [PMID: 31386942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) promote biodegradation in water treatment, but the effect of MWCNT on denitrification under aerobic conditions is still unclear. This investigation focused on the denitrification performance of MWCNT and its toxic effects on Alcaligenes sp. TB which showed that 30 mg/L MWCNTs increased NO3- removal efficiency from 84% to 100% and decreased the NO2-and N2O accumulation rates by 36% and 17.5%, respectively. Nitrite reductase and nitrous oxide reductase activities were further increased by 19.5% and 7.5%, respectively. The mechanism demonstrated that electron generation (NADH yield) and electron transportation system activity increased by 14.5% and 104%, respectively. Cell membrane analysis found that MWCNT caused an increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids, which had positive effects on electron transportation and membrane fluidity at a low concentration of 96 mg/kg but caused membrane lipid peroxidation and impaired membrane integrity at a high concentration of 115 mg/L. These findings confirmed that MWCNT affects the activity of Alcaligenes sp. TB and consequently enhances denitrification performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
| | - Cong Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
| | - Dzmitry Hrynshpan
- Research Institute of Physical and Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, 220030, Belarus
| | - Tatsiana Savitskaya
- Research Institute of Physical and Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, 220030, Belarus
| | - Jianmeng Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China.
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12
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Aendo P, Thongyuan S, Songserm T, Tulayakul P. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment of heavy metals contamination in duck eggs and meat as a warning scenario in Thailand. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 689:215-222. [PMID: 31271987 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the levels of Pb, Cd, Co and Cr in duck eggs and duck meat and to assess the risk of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects caused by the consumption of duck products collected in Thailand. The human health risk assessment refers to the formulation of the USEPA standard focused on Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Total Target Hazard Quotient (TTHQ). Ninety-eight percent of duck egg samples in this study were contaminated with Pb, with the average level typically above the standard limit. The EDI evaluation of heavy metal in children was the highest for all metals in the eggs. The calculated ILCR levels of Pb, Cd and Cr in eggs and meat consumption were higher than 10-4 in children, adults, males, and females. Children were at risk when consuming contaminated duck eggs and the risk was higher than in adults by 3.9 times for Pb, Cd and Cr. This finding suggests that there is a high probability of cancer risk, particularly for children, which is higher than adults by absorption of these carcinogenic heavy metals through eggs. The calculation of THQ if consuming heavy metals contaminated duck eggs and meat in human exposure (70years) could conclude that the THQ male was higher than the female for all metals. However, the calculations of TTHQ for Pb, Cd, Co and Cr contamination in a duck egg and meat scenario for adults, males and females were still below the standard limit of 1, which means there was no risk, although there could be adverse health effects. This study suggested that children should be the focus of long-term monitoring for evaluating the carcinogenicity of these metals, more specifically in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Aendo
- Graduate Student in Animal Health and Biomedical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Center for Duck Health Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, 73140, Thailand
| | - S Thongyuan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - T Songserm
- Center for Duck Health Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, 73140, Thailand
| | - P Tulayakul
- Center for Duck Health Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, 73140, Thailand; Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand.
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13
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Hashemi M, Sadeghi A, Saghi M, Aminzare M, Raeisi M, Rezayi M, Sany SBT. Health Risk Assessment for Human Exposure to Trace Metals and Arsenic via Consumption of Hen Egg Collected from Largest Poultry Industry in Iran. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 188:485-493. [PMID: 30019208 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1437-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The relative contribution of foodstuffs to intake of heavy metal is still equivocal, and thus, available data are rare. Here, the concentration of ten heavy metals and arsenic were measured in the content of hen egg from five strains of commercial laying hens to evaluate contamination level and potential health risk among local and international consumers in Iran. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of all heavy metals was significantly lower than the provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) and respective tolerable daily intake (TDI). The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk values for eating eggs were in the safe range for all consumers, indicating that the no health risk for consumers due to the daily intake of either arsenic or heavy metals. Therefore, intake of heavy metal exposure through the consumption of commercial egg product in Iran is completely safe for both national and international consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hashemi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Sadeghi
- Foods and Drug Office, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Saghi
- Students Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Environmental health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University Of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Aminzare
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Raeisi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Majid Rezayi
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Belin Tavakoly Sany
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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14
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Andrady AL, Pandey KK, Heikkilä AM. Interactive effects of solar UV radiation and climate change on material damage. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:804-825. [DOI: 10.1039/c8pp90065e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Solar UV radiation adversely affects the properties of organic materials used in construction, such as plastics and wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. L. Andrady
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- North Carolina State Univ
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - K. K. Pandey
- Institute of Wood Science and Technology
- Bengaluru
- India
| | - A. M. Heikkilä
- Finnish Meteorological Institute R&D/Climate Research
- Helsinki
- Finland
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15
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Prajapati SK, Jain A, Shrivastava C, Jain AK. Hyaluronic acid conjugated multi-walled carbon nanotubes for colon cancer targeting. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 123:691-703. [PMID: 30445095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of the present research was to evaluate in vitro and in vivo potential of gemcitabine (GEM) loaded hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugated PEGylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (GEM/HA-PEG-MWCNTs) for effective colon cancer targeting. HA was conjugated onto the surface of aminated or PEGylated MWCNTs which were evaluated for size, surface morphology, entrapment efficiency (~90%), in vitro drug release, in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo performance in Sprague Dawley rats. In vitro release showed that the release rate of GEM in acidic conditions (pH 5.3) was faster than physiological conditions (PBS, pH 7.4) followed by a sustained release pattern. The developed GEM/HA-PEG-MWCNTs indicated significantly less hemolytic toxicity (7.73 ± 0.4%) paralleled to free GEM (18.71 ± 0.44%) and showed higher cytotoxicity against HT-29 colon cancer cell line. The antitumor study assured that GEM/HA-PEG-MWCNTs significantly reduced tumor volume as compared to free GEM and increased survival rate without noticeable loss in body weight. In vivo studies showed an improvement in pharmacokinetics in terms of remarkable escalation in mean residence time, half-life, AUC, AUMC, median survival time in tumor bearing rats treated with GEM/HA-MWCNTs and GEM/HA-PEG-MWCNTs as compared to free GEM (p ˂ 0.001). These outcomes proved engineered MWCNTs as a safe and effective nanomedicine in colon cancer targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankit Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, U.P., India.
| | | | - Ashish Kumar Jain
- Adina Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sagar, 470002, M.P., India
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16
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Bais F, Luca RM, Bornman JF, Williamson CE, Sulzberger B, Austin AT, Wilson SR, Andrady AL, Bernhard G, McKenzie RL, Aucamp PJ, Madronich S, Neale RE, Yazar S, Young AR, de Gruijl FR, Norval M, Takizawa Y, Barnes PW, Robson TM, Robinson SA, Ballaré CL, Flint SD, Neale PJ, Hylander S, Rose KC, Wängberg SÅ, Häder DP, Worrest RC, Zepp RG, Paul ND, Cory RM, Solomon KR, Longstreth J, Pandey KK, Redhwi HH, Torikai A, Heikkilä AM. Environmental effects of ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, update 2017. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:127-179. [PMID: 29404558 PMCID: PMC6155474 DOI: 10.1039/c7pp90043k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) is one of three Panels of experts that inform the Parties to the Montreal Protocol. The EEAP focuses on the effects of UV radiation on human health, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, air quality, and materials, as well as on the interactive effects of UV radiation and global climate change. When considering the effects of climate change, it has become clear that processes resulting in changes in stratospheric ozone are more complex than previously held. Because of the Montreal Protocol, there are now indications of the beginnings of a recovery of stratospheric ozone, although the time required to reach levels like those before the 1960s is still uncertain, particularly as the effects of stratospheric ozone on climate change and vice versa, are not yet fully understood. Some regions will likely receive enhanced levels of UV radiation, while other areas will likely experience a reduction in UV radiation as ozone- and climate-driven changes affect the amounts of UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface. Like the other Panels, the EEAP produces detailed Quadrennial Reports every four years; the most recent was published as a series of seven papers in 2015 (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2015, 14, 1-184). In the years in between, the EEAP produces less detailed and shorter Update Reports of recent and relevant scientific findings. The most recent of these was for 2016 (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2017, 16, 107-145). The present 2017 Update Report assesses some of the highlights and new insights about the interactive nature of the direct and indirect effects of UV radiation, atmospheric processes, and climate change. A full 2018 Quadrennial Assessment, will be made available in 2018/2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Bais
- Aristotle Univ. of Thessaloniki, Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - R. M. Luca
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National Univ., Canberra, Australia
| | - J. F. Bornman
- Curtin Univ., Curtin Business School, Perth, Australia
| | | | - B. Sulzberger
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - A. T. Austin
- Univ. of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Agronomy and IFEVA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S. R. Wilson
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, Univ. of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - A. L. Andrady
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - G. Bernhard
- Biospherical Instruments Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - P. J. Aucamp
- Ptersa Environmental Consultants, Faerie Glen, South Africa
| | - S. Madronich
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - R. E. Neale
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S. Yazar
- Univ. of Western Australia, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Australia
| | | | - F. R. de Gruijl
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden Univ. Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. Norval
- Univ. of Edinburgh Medical School, UK
| | - Y. Takizawa
- Akita Univ. School of Medicine, National Institute for Minamata Disease, Nakadai, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - P. W. Barnes
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environment Program, Loyola Univ., New Orleans, USA
| | - T. M. Robson
- Research Programme in Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Univ. of Helsinki, Finland
| | - S. A. Robinson
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - C. L. Ballaré
- Univ. of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Agronomy and IFEVA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S. D. Flint
- Dept of Forest, Rangeland and Fire Sciences, Univ. of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - P. J. Neale
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
| | - S. Hylander
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems, Linnaeus Univ., Kalmar, Sweden
| | - K. C. Rose
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - S.-Å. Wängberg
- Dept Marine Sciences, Univ. of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - D.-P. Häder
- Friedrich-Alexander Univ. Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dept of Biology, Möhrendorf, Germany
| | - R. C. Worrest
- CIESIN, Columbia Univ., New Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - R. G. Zepp
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - N. D. Paul
- Lanter Environment Centre, Lanter Univ., LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - R. M. Cory
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K. R. Solomon
- Centre for Toxicology, School of Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - J. Longstreth
- The Institute for Global Risk Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K. K. Pandey
- Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Bengaluru, India
| | - H. H. Redhwi
- Chemical Engineering Dept, King Fahd Univ. of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Torikai
- Materials Life Society of Japan, Kayabacho Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A. M. Heikkilä
- Finnish Meteorological Institute R&D/Climate Research, Helsinki, Finland
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