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Kannan B, Arumugam P. The implication of mitochondrial DNA mutation and dysfunction in periodontal diseases. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2023; 27:126-130. [PMID: 37152468 PMCID: PMC10159084 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_678_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic oral inflammatory disease that is caused by dental plaque pathogens. Periodontal disease development and evolution are based on the host immune system, humoral and cellular immunity, the integrity of the tissues, and certain endocrine and nutritional factors. Mitochondria are significantly involved in periodontal infections and inflammation, which play a role in the inflammatory response in a variety of ways. In general, oxidative stress causes a stressful environment that subsequently leads to tissue damage and chronic inflammation. Several mutations and alterations in mitochondrial DNA lead the disease to an aggressive condition, by causing dysregulated mitochondrial function. Such mutations are significantly associated with various diseases. Numerous studies indicate chronic periodontitis patients have a decreased level of mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as adenosine triphosphate, and an increased level of reactive oxygen species production, which causes cell death in the periodontium and affects tissue growth. Further studies into the association between mitochondria and periodontitis might be helpful for the treatment and prevention of the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balachander Kannan
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Research, Department of Molecular Biology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Paramasivam Arumugam
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Research, Department of Molecular Biology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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2
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Mitochondrial Alterations in Prostate Cancer: Roles in Pathobiology and Racial Disparities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054482. [PMID: 36901912 PMCID: PMC10003184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) affects millions of men worldwide and is a major cause of cancer-related mortality. Race-associated PCa health disparities are also common and are of both social and clinical concern. Most PCa is diagnosed early due to PSA-based screening, but it fails to discern between indolent and aggressive PCa. Androgen or androgen receptor-targeted therapies are standard care of treatment for locally advanced and metastatic disease, but therapy resistance is common. Mitochondria, the powerhouse of cells, are unique subcellular organelles that have their own genome. A large majority of mitochondrial proteins are, however, nuclear-encoded and imported after cytoplasmic translation. Mitochondrial alterations are common in cancer, including PCa, leading to their altered functions. Aberrant mitochondrial function affects nuclear gene expression in retrograde signaling and promotes tumor-supportive stromal remodeling. In this article, we discuss mitochondrial alterations that have been reported in PCa and review the literature related to their roles in PCa pathobiology, therapy resistance, and racial disparities. We also discuss the translational potential of mitochondrial alterations as prognostic biomarkers and as effective targets for PCa therapy.
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3
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Welch DR, Foster C, Rigoutsos I. Roles of mitochondrial genetics in cancer metastasis. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:1002-1018. [PMID: 35915015 PMCID: PMC9884503 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The contributions of mitochondria to cancer have been recognized for decades. However, the focus on the metabolic role of mitochondria and the diminutive size of the mitochondrial genome compared to the nuclear genome have hindered discovery of the roles of mitochondrial genetics in cancer. This review summarizes recent data demonstrating the contributions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy-number variants (CNVs), somatic mutations, and germline polymorphisms to cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. The goal is to summarize accumulating data to establish a framework for exploring the contributions of mtDNA to neoplasia and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny R Welch
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Internal Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), The Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Pathology, The Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; The University of Kansas Comprehensive Cancer Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Christian Foster
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Isidore Rigoutsos
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel College of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Suite M81, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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4
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Inigo JR, Chandra D. The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR mt): shielding against toxicity to mitochondria in cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:98. [PMID: 35864539 PMCID: PMC9306209 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01317-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for tumor growth and progression. However, the heavy demand for mitochondrial activity in cancer leads to increased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), accumulation of mutations in mitochondrial DNA, and development of mitochondrial dysfunction. If left unchecked, excessive mtROS can damage and unfold proteins in the mitochondria to an extent that becomes lethal to the tumor. Cellular systems have evolved to combat mtROS and alleviate mitochondrial stress through a quality control mechanism called the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). The UPRmt system is composed of chaperones and proteases, which promote protein folding or eliminate mitochondrial proteins damaged by mtROS, respectively. UPRmt is conserved and activated in cancer in response to mitochondrial stress to maintain mitochondrial integrity and support tumor growth. In this review, we discuss how mitochondria become dysfunctional in cancer and highlight the tumor-promoting functions of key components of the UPRmt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Inigo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Dhyan Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
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5
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Tsuji K, Kida Y, Koshikawa N, Yamamoto S, Shinozaki Y, Watanabe T, Lin J, Nagase H, Takenaga K. Suppression of NSCLC A549 tumor growth by a mtDNA mutation-targeting pyrrole-imidazole polyamide-TPP and a senolytic drug. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:1321-1337. [PMID: 35112436 PMCID: PMC8990788 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain somatic mutations in mtDNA were associated with tumor progression and frequently found in a homoplasmic state. We recently reported that pyrrole‐imidazole polyamide conjugated with the mitochondria‐delivering moiety triphenylphosphonium (PIP‐TPP) targeting an mtDNA mutation efficiently induced apoptosis in cancer cells with the mutation but not normal cells. Here, we synthesized the novel PIP‐TPP, CCC‐021‐TPP, targeting ND6 14582A > G homoplasmic missense mutation that is suggested to enhance metastasis of non‐small‐cell lung cancer A549 cells. CCC‐021‐TPP did not induce apoptosis but caused cellular senescence in the cells, accompanied by a significant induction of antiapoptotic BCL‐XL. Simultaneous treatment of A549 cells with CCC‐021‐TPP and the BCL‐XL selective inhibitor A‐1155463 resulted in apoptosis induction. Importantly, the combination induced apoptosis and suppressed tumor growth in an A549 xenografted model. These results highlight the potential of anticancer therapy with PIP‐TPPs targeting mtDNA mutations to induce cell death even in apoptosis‐resistant cancer cells when combined with senolytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Tsuji
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona-cho, Chuoh-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Yuki Kida
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona-cho, Chuoh-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Nobuko Koshikawa
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona-cho, Chuoh-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Seigi Yamamoto
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona-cho, Chuoh-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Shinozaki
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona-cho, Chuoh-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan.,Organometallchemie Eduard-Zintl-Institut Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12, 64206, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Takayoshi Watanabe
- Division of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona-cho, Chuoh-ku, 260-8717, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jason Lin
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona-cho, Chuoh-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagase
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona-cho, Chuoh-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Keizo Takenaga
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona-cho, Chuoh-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
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6
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Takenaga K, Koshikawa N, Nagase H. Intercellular transfer of mitochondrial DNA carrying metastasis-enhancing pathogenic mutations from high- to low-metastatic tumor cells and stromal cells via extracellular vesicles. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:52. [PMID: 34615464 PMCID: PMC8496074 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-021-00391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) carrying certain pathogenic mutations or single nucleotide variants (SNVs) enhances the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells, and some of these mutations are homoplasmic in tumor cells and even in tumor tissues. On the other hand, intercellular transfer of mitochondria and cellular components via extracellular vesicles (EVs) and tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) has recently attracted intense attention in terms of cell-to-cell communication in the tumor microenvironment. It remains unclear whether metastasis-enhancing pathogenic mutant mtDNA in tumor cells is intercellularly transferred between tumor cells and stromal cells. In this study, we investigated whether mtDNA with the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 (ND6) G13997A pathogenic mutation in highly metastatic cells can be horizontally transferred to low-metastatic cells and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment. Results When MitoTracker Deep Red-labeled high-metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma A11 cells carrying the ND6 G13997A mtDNA mutation were cocultured with CellLight mitochondria-GFP-labeled low-metastatic P29 cells harboring wild-type mtDNA, bidirectional transfer of red- and green-colored vesicles, probably mitochondria-related EVs, was observed in a time-dependent manner. Similarly, intercellular transfer of mitochondria-related EVs occurred between A11 cells and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs, WA-mFib), macrophages (RAW264.7) and cytotoxic T cells (CTLL-2). Intercellular transfer was suppressed by inhibitors of EV release. The large and small EV fractions (L-EV and S-EV, respectively) prepared from the conditioned medium by differential ultracentrifugation both were found to contain mtDNA, although only S-EVs were efficiently incorporated into the cells. Several subpopulations had evidence of LC3-II and contained degenerated mitochondrial components in the S-EV fraction, signaling to the existence of autophagy-related S-EVs. Interestingly, the S-EV fraction contained a MitoTracker-positive subpopulation, which was inhibited by the respiration inhibitor antimycin A, indicating the presence of mitochondria with membrane potential. It was also demonstrated that mtDNA was transferred into mtDNA-less ρ0 cells after coculture with the S-EV fraction. In syngeneic mouse subcutaneous tumors formed by a mixture of A11 and P29 cells, the mitochondria-related EVs released from A11 cells reached distantly positioned P29 cells and CAFs. Conclusions These results suggest that metastasis-enhancing pathogenic mtDNA derived from metastatic tumor cells is transferred to low-metastatic tumor cells and stromal cells via S-EVs in vitro and in the tumor microenvironment, inferring a novel mechanism of enhancement of metastatic potential during tumor progression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12860-021-00391-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keizo Takenaga
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Nitona, Chuoh-ku, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Nobuko Koshikawa
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Nitona, Chuoh-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagase
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Nitona, Chuoh-ku, Chiba, Japan
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7
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Takenaga K, Koshikawa N, Akimoto M, Tatsumi Y, Lin J, Itami M, Nagase H. MCT4 is induced by metastasis-enhancing pathogenic mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase gene mutations and can be a therapeutic target. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13302. [PMID: 34172808 PMCID: PMC8233425 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase (ND) gene mutations enhance the invasion and metastasis of various cancer cells, and they are associated with metastasis in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Moreover, monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) is overexpressed in solid cancers and plays a role in cancer cell proliferation and survival. Here, we report that MCT4 is exclusively expressed in mouse transmitochondrial cybrids with metastasis-enhancing pathogenic ND6 mutations. A high level of MCT4 is also detected in human NSCLC cell lines and tissues predicted to carry pathogenic ND mutations and is associated with poor prognosis in NSCLC patients. MCT4 expression in the cell lines is suppressed by N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) are involved in the regulation of MCT4 expression in the transmitochondrial cybrid cells. An MCT1/4 inhibitor effectively kills NSCLC cells with predicted pathogenic ND mutations, but an MCT1/2 inhibitor does not have the same effect. Thus, MCT4 expression is augmented by pathogenic ND mutations and could be a biomarker and a therapeutic target in pathogenic ND mutation-harbouring metastatic tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keizo Takenaga
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona-cho, Chuoh-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan.
| | - Nobuko Koshikawa
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona-cho, Chuoh-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Miho Akimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Tatsumi
- Laboratory of Oncogenomics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona-cho, Chuoh-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Jason Lin
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona-cho, Chuoh-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Makiko Itami
- Department of Pathology, Chiba Cancer Center Hospital, 666-2 Nitona-cho, Chuoh-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagase
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona-cho, Chuoh-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
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8
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Revisiting Mitochondria Scored Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030432. [PMID: 33498743 PMCID: PMC7865825 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The indispensible role of mitochondria has been described over a century ago by Otto Warburg which has been serving the fields of cell biology and cancer biology immensely. Mitochondria are the principal site for vital mechanisms which vastly dictate the physiology. The intricacy of mitochondria’s role cancer have been noticed and well addressed in recent times. The underlying mechanisms are surfacing to unveil the nature of mitochondria and its participation in tumor cell motility and metastasis. This addressing may unravel novel therapeutic options. This review summarizes and reweighs the key aspects like underlying and emerging mechanisms which might be useful in designing novel chemotherapy. Abstract The Warburg effect has immensely succored the study of cancer biology, especially in highlighting the role of mitochondria in cancer stemness and their benefaction to the malignancy of oxidative and glycolytic cancer cells. Mitochondrial genetics have represented a focal point in cancer therapeutics due to the involvement of mitochondria in programmed cell death. The mitochondrion has been well established as a switch in cell death decisions. The mitochondrion’s instrumental role in central bioenergetics, calcium homeostasis, and translational regulation has earned it its fame in metastatic dissemination in cancer cells. Here, we revisit and review mechanisms through which mitochondria influence oncogenesis and metastasis by underscoring the oncogenic mitochondrion that is capable of transferring malignant capacities to recipient cells.
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9
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Scheid AD, Beadnell TC, Welch DR. Roles of mitochondria in the hallmarks of metastasis. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:124-135. [PMID: 33144695 PMCID: PMC7782743 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mitochondrial contributions to cancer have been recognised for approximately a century, given that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is dwarfed by the size of the nuclear genome (nDNA), nuclear genetics has represented a focal point in cancer biology, often at the expense of mtDNA and mitochondria. However, genomic sequencing and advances in in vivo models underscore the importance of mtDNA and mitochondria in cancer and metastasis. In this review, we explore the roles of mitochondria in the four defined 'hallmarks of metastasis': motility and invasion, microenvironment modulation, plasticity and colonisation. Biochemical processes within the mitochondria of both cancer cells and the stromal cells with which they interact are critical for each metastatic hallmark. We unravel complex dynamics in mitochondrial contributions to cancer, which are context-dependent and capable of either promoting metastasis or being leveraged to prevent it at various points of the metastatic cascade. Ultimately, mitochondrial contributions to cancer and metastasis are rooted in the capacity of these organelles to tune metabolic and genetic responses to dynamic microenvironmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Scheid
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Heartland Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Thomas C Beadnell
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Heartland Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Danny R Welch
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
- Heartland Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA.
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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10
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Tasdogan A, McFadden DG, Mishra P. Mitochondrial DNA Haplotypes as Genetic Modifiers of Cancer. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:1044-1058. [PMID: 32980320 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play an essential role in cellular metabolism, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the initiation of apoptosis. These properties enable mitochondria to be crucial integrators in the pathways of tumorigenesis. An open question is to what extent variation in the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) contributes to the biological heterogeneity observed in human tumors. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the role of mtDNA genetics in relation to human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpaslan Tasdogan
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - David G McFadden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Endocrinology, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Prashant Mishra
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Green Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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11
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Salminen TS, Vale PF. Drosophila as a Model System to Investigate the Effects of Mitochondrial Variation on Innate Immunity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:521. [PMID: 32269576 PMCID: PMC7109263 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding why the response to infection varies between individuals remains one of the major challenges in immunology and infection biology. A substantial proportion of this heterogeneity can be explained by individual genetic differences which result in variable immune responses, and there are many examples of polymorphisms in nuclear-encoded genes that alter immunocompetence. However, how immunity is affected by genetic polymorphism in an additional genome, inherited maternally inside mitochondria (mtDNA), has been relatively understudied. Mitochondria are increasingly recognized as important mediators of innate immune responses, not only because they are the main source of energy required for costly immune responses, but also because by-products of mitochondrial metabolism, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), may have direct microbicidal action. Yet, it is currently unclear how naturally occurring variation in mtDNA contributes to heterogeneity in infection outcomes. In this review article, we describe potential sources of variation in mitochondrial function that may arise due to mutations in vital nuclear and mitochondrial components of energy production or due to a disruption in mito-nuclear crosstalk. We then highlight how these changes in mitochondrial function can impact immune responses, focusing on their effects on ATP- and ROS-generating pathways, as well as immune signaling. Finally, we outline how being a powerful and genetically tractable model of infection, immunity and mitochondrial genetics makes the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster ideally suited to dissect mitochondrial effects on innate immune responses to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina S. Salminen
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pedro F. Vale
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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12
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Kenny TC, Gomez ML, Germain D. Mitohormesis, UPR mt, and the Complexity of Mitochondrial DNA Landscapes in Cancer. Cancer Res 2019; 79:6057-6066. [PMID: 31484668 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the Warburg effect, the preference of cancer cells to generate ATP via glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation, has fostered the misconception that cancer cells become independent of the electron transport chain (ETC) for survival. This is inconsistent with the need of ETC function for the generation of pyrimidines. Along with this misconception, a large body of literature has reported numerous mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), further fueling the notion of nonfunctional ETC in cancer cells. More recent findings, however, suggest that cancers maintain oxidative phosphorylation capacity and that the role of mtDNA mutations in cancer is likely far more nuanced in light of the remarkable complexity of mitochondrial genetics. This review aims at describing the various model systems that were developed to dissect the role of mtDNA in cancer, including cybrids, and more recently mitochondrial-nuclear exchange and conplastic mice. Furthermore, we put forward the notion of mtDNA landscapes, where the surrounding nonsynonymous mutations and variants can enhance or repress the biological effect of specific mtDNA mutations. Notably, we review recent studies describing the ability of some mtDNA landscapes to activate the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) but not others. Furthermore, the role of the UPRmt in maintaining cancer cells in the mitohormetic zone to provide selective adaptation to stress is discussed. Among the genes activated by the UPRmt, we suggest that the dismutases SOD2 and SOD1 may play key roles in the establishment of the mitohormetic zone. Finally, we propose that using a UPRmt nuclear gene expression signature may be a more reliable readout than mtDNA landscapes, given their diversity and complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Kenny
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Maria L Gomez
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Doris Germain
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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13
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Xiao J, Cohen P, Stern MC, Odedina F, Carpten J, Reams R. Mitochondrial biology and prostate cancer ethnic disparity. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:1311-1319. [PMID: 30304372 PMCID: PMC6292412 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains the second most prevalent cancer in men. Its incidence, progression and mortality profiles vary significantly by race and ethnicity, with African-American men having the highest incidence rate and mortality rate in the world. Although these disparities can be partially explained by socioeconomic factors, the underlying molecular causes are complex and require careful research. A considerable amount of literature exists, supporting the association between mitochondrial health and the incidence, aggression and risk of prostate cancer. Genetic alterations in mitochondrial DNA are frequent in prostate cancer; therefore, the resulting mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic dysregulation may contribute to or indicate oncogenesis. Many of the prominent features of cancer cells are also closely related to mitochondrial functions, such as resistance to apoptosis, excess reactive oxygen species production and altered oxidative phosphorylation. In addition, prostate cancer ethnic disparity is influenced by environmental and lifestyle factors, which involves differences in mitochondrial metabolism and retrograde signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Xiao
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mariana Carla Stern
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Folakemi Odedina
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - John Carpten
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Renee Reams
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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14
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Beadnell TC, Scheid AD, Vivian CJ, Welch DR. Roles of the mitochondrial genetics in cancer metastasis: not to be ignored any longer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2018; 37:615-632. [PMID: 30542781 PMCID: PMC6358502 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-018-9772-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes for only a fraction of the proteins that are encoded within the nucleus, and therefore has typically been regarded as a lesser player in cancer biology and metastasis. Accumulating evidence, however, supports an increased role for mtDNA impacting tumor progression and metastatic susceptibility. Unfortunately, due to this delay, there is a dearth of data defining the relative contributions of specific mtDNA polymorphisms (SNP), which leads to an inability to effectively use these polymorphisms to guide and enhance therapeutic strategies and diagnosis. In addition, evidence also suggests that differences in mtDNA impact not only the cancer cells but also the cells within the surrounding tumor microenvironment, suggesting a broad encompassing role for mtDNA polymorphisms in regulating the disease progression. mtDNA may have profound implications in the regulation of cancer biology and metastasis. However, there are still great lengths to go to understand fully its contributions. Thus, herein, we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of mtDNA in cancer and metastasis, providing a framework for future functional validation and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Beadnell
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Adam D Scheid
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Carolyn J Vivian
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Danny R Welch
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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15
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The Oncojanus Paradigm of Respiratory Complex I. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9050243. [PMID: 29735924 PMCID: PMC5977183 DOI: 10.3390/genes9050243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiratory function is now recognized as a pivotal player in all the aspects of cancer biology, from tumorigenesis to aggressiveness and chemotherapy resistance. Among the enzymes that compose the respiratory chain, by contributing to energy production, redox equilibrium and oxidative stress, complex I assumes a central role. Complex I defects may arise from mutations in mitochondrial or nuclear DNA, in both structural genes or assembly factors, from alteration of the expression levels of its subunits, or from drug exposure. Since cancer cells have a high-energy demand and require macromolecules for proliferation, it is not surprising that severe complex I defects, caused either by mutations or treatment with specific inhibitors, prevent tumor progression, while contributing to resistance to certain chemotherapeutic agents. On the other hand, enhanced oxidative stress due to mild complex I dysfunction drives an opposite phenotype, as it stimulates cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness. We here review the current knowledge on the contribution of respiratory complex I to cancer biology, highlighting the double-edged role of this metabolic enzyme in tumor progression, metastasis formation, and response to chemotherapy.
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16
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Hedberg A, Knutsen E, Løvhaugen AS, Jørgensen TE, Perander M, Johansen SD. Cancer-specific SNPs originate from low-level heteroplasmic variants in human mitochondrial genomes of a matched cell line pair. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2018; 30:82-91. [PMID: 29671673 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2018.1461852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Low-level mitochondrial heteroplasmy is a common phenomenon in both normal and cancer cells. Here, we investigate the link between low-level heteroplasmy and mitogenome mutations in a human breast cancer matched cell line by high-throughput sequencing. We identified 23 heteroplasmic sites, of which 15 were common between normal cells (Hs578Bst) and cancer cells (Hs578T). Most sites were clustered within the highly conserved Complex IV and ribosomal RNA genes. Two heteroplasmic variants in normal cells were found as fixed mutations in cancer cells. This indicates a positive selection of these variants in cancer cells. RNA-Seq analysis identified upregulated L-strand specific transcripts in cancer cells, which include three mitochondrial long non-coding RNA molecules. We hypothesize that this is due to two cancer cell-specific mutations in the control region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annica Hedberg
- a Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences , UiT - The Arctic University of Norway , Tromsø , Norway
| | - Erik Knutsen
- a Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences , UiT - The Arctic University of Norway , Tromsø , Norway
| | - Anne Silje Løvhaugen
- a Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences , UiT - The Arctic University of Norway , Tromsø , Norway
| | - Tor Erik Jørgensen
- b Genomics Group, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture , Nord University , Bodø , Norway
| | - Maria Perander
- a Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences , UiT - The Arctic University of Norway , Tromsø , Norway
| | - Steinar D Johansen
- a Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences , UiT - The Arctic University of Norway , Tromsø , Norway.,b Genomics Group, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture , Nord University , Bodø , Norway
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17
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Meta-analysis of mitochondrial T16189C polymorphism for cancer and Type 2 diabetes risk. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 482:136-143. [PMID: 29627487 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM Whereas many previous studies have revealed that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphism T16189C is associated with the risk of cancer and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), there are others that have disputed the same. As a result, clarity on the role of mitochondrial T16189C in these disorders is missing. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association of T16189C polymorphism with the risk of cancer and T2DM development by pooling all case-control studies available. METHODS Published studies till November 2017 were searched from PubMed, Google scholar, Google and EMBASE and isolated a total of 36 studies having 44,203 subjects (20,439 cases and 23,764 controls) based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. We used the statistical software "R" to calculate the Pooled Odds Ratios and 95% confidence intervals to evaluate the association of T16189C polymorphism with a possible risk towards cancer and T2DM development. RESULT From the meta-analysis, we obtained Pooled Odds Ratios using Random effect model for cancer (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 0.96-1.49, P = 0.104) and for T2DM (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.09-1.36, P = 0.0004). In the subgroup analysis with Random effect model, we found that both Asians and Caucasians were at a statistically significant risk (OR: 1.25, P < 0.0001 and OR: 1.20, P < 0.0001, respectively) for the development of T2DM, whereas, a statistically non-significant risk (OR: 1.28 P = 0.1965 and OR: 1.16, P = 0.1148) emerged for the development of cancer. There was no evidence of a significant publication bias (Egger's and Begg's test) in this meta-analysis. Further sensitivity analysis also demonstrated that our meta-analysis was relatively stable and credible. CONCLUSION Individuals with 'C' allele at position 16,189 within the mitochondrial D-loop are seemingly at a higher risk of developing T2DM and cancer. However, before arriving at generalizations, it would be pertinent to conduct similar studies in different populations with larger numbers to corroborate these results, especially in cancer.
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18
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Mohamed Yusoff AA, Zulfakhar FN, Mohd Khair SZN, Wan Abdullah WS, Abdullah JM, Idris Z. Mitochondrial 10398A>G NADH-Dehydrogenase Subunit 3 of Complex I Is Frequently Altered in Intra-Axial Brain Tumors in Malaysia. Brain Tumor Res Treat 2018; 6:31-38. [PMID: 29717568 PMCID: PMC5932297 DOI: 10.14791/btrt.2018.6.e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondria are major cellular sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation which can induce mitochondrial DNA damage and lead to carcinogenesis. The mitochondrial 10398A>G alteration in NADH-dehydrogenase subunit 3 (ND3) can severely impair complex I, a key component of ROS production in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Alteration in ND3 10398A>G has been reported to be linked with diverse neurodegenerative disorders and cancers. The aim of this study was to find out the association of mitochondrial ND3 10398A>G alteration in brain tumor of Malaysian patients. Methods Brain tumor tissues and corresponding blood specimens were obtained from 45 patients. The ND3 10398A>G alteration at target codon 114 was detected using the PCR-RFLP analysis and later was confirmed by DNA sequencing. Results Twenty-six (57.8%) patients showed ND3 10398A>G mutation in their tumor specimens, in which 26.9% of these mutations were heterozygous mutations. ND3 10398A>G mutation was not significantly correlated with age, gender, and histological tumor grade, however was found more frequently in intra-axial than in extra-axial tumors (62.5% vs. 46.2%, p<0.01). Conclusion For the first time, we have been able to describe the occurrence of ND3 10398A>G mutations in a Malaysian brain tumor population. It can be concluded that mitochondrial ND3 10398A>G alteration is frequently present in brain tumors among Malaysian population and it shows an impact on the intra-axial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Aziz Mohamed Yusoff
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Fatin Najwa Zulfakhar
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Wan Salihah Wan Abdullah
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Jafri Malin Abdullah
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Center for Neuroscience Services and Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zamzuri Idris
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia
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19
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Choudhury AR, Singh KK. Mitochondrial determinants of cancer health disparities. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 47:125-146. [PMID: 28487205 PMCID: PMC5673596 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, which are multi-functional, have been implicated in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis due to metabolic alterations in transformed cells. Mitochondria are involved in the generation of energy, cell growth and differentiation, cellular signaling, cell cycle control, and cell death. To date, the mitochondrial basis of cancer disparities is unknown. The goal of this review is to provide an understanding and a framework of mitochondrial determinants that may contribute to cancer disparities in racially different populations. Due to maternal inheritance and ethnic-based diversity, the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) contributes to inherited racial disparities. In people of African ancestry, several germline, population-specific haplotype variants in mtDNA as well as depletion of mtDNA have been linked to cancer predisposition and cancer disparities. Indeed, depletion of mtDNA and mutations in mtDNA or nuclear genome (nDNA)-encoded mitochondrial proteins lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and promote resistance to apoptosis, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and metastatic disease, all of which can contribute to cancer disparity and tumor aggressiveness related to racial disparities. Ethnic differences at the level of expression or genetic variations in nDNA encoding the mitochondrial proteome, including mitochondria-localized mtDNA replication and repair proteins, miRNA, transcription factors, kinases and phosphatases, and tumor suppressors and oncogenes may underlie susceptibility to high-risk and aggressive cancers found in African population and other ethnicities. The mitochondrial retrograde signaling that alters the expression profile of nuclear genes in response to dysfunctional mitochondria is a mechanism for tumorigenesis. In ethnic populations, differences in mitochondrial function may alter the cross talk between mitochondria and the nucleus at epigenetic and genetic levels, which can also contribute to cancer health disparities. Targeting mitochondrial determinants and mitochondrial retrograde signaling could provide a promising strategy for the development of selective anticancer therapy for dealing with cancer disparities. Further, agents that restore mitochondrial function to optimal levels should permit sensitivity to anticancer agents for the treatment of aggressive tumors that occur in racially diverse populations and hence help in reducing racial disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keshav K Singh
- Departments of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Departments of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Departments of Environmental Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Center for Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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20
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Singh B, Modica-Napolitano JS, Singh KK. Defining the momiome: Promiscuous information transfer by mobile mitochondria and the mitochondrial genome. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 47:1-17. [PMID: 28502611 PMCID: PMC5681893 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are complex intracellular organelles that have long been identified as the powerhouses of eukaryotic cells because of the central role they play in oxidative metabolism. A resurgence of interest in the study of mitochondria during the past decade has revealed that mitochondria also play key roles in cell signaling, proliferation, cell metabolism and cell death, and that genetic and/or metabolic alterations in mitochondria contribute to a number of diseases, including cancer. Mitochondria have been identified as signaling organelles, capable of mediating bidirectional intracellular information transfer: anterograde (from nucleus to mitochondria) and retrograde (from mitochondria to nucleus). More recently, evidence is now building that the role of mitochondria extends to intercellular communication as well, and that the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) and even whole mitochondria are indeed mobile and can mediate information transfer between cells. We define this promiscuous information transfer function of mitochondria and mtDNA as "momiome" to include all mobile functions of mitochondria and the mitochondrial genome. Herein, we review the "momiome" and explore its role in cancer development, progression, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupendra Singh
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Keshav K Singh
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Center for Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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21
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Koshikawa N, Akimoto M, Hayashi JI, Nagase H, Takenaga K. Association of predicted pathogenic mutations in mitochondrial ND genes with distant metastasis in NSCLC and colon cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15535. [PMID: 29138417 PMCID: PMC5686070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15592-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells have more mutations in their mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) than do normal cells, and pathogenic mutations in the genes encoding mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase (ND) subunits have been found to enhance the invasive and metastatic ability of various tumour cells in animal experiments. However, it is unknown whether single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) of the ND genes that decrease complex I activity are involved in distant metastasis in human clinical samples. Here, we demonstrated the enhancement of the distant metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma cells by the ND6 13885insC mutation, which is accompanied by the overexpression of metastasis-related genes, metabolic reprogramming, the enhancement of tumour angiogenesis and the acquisition of resistance to stress-induced cell death. We then sequenced ND genes in primary tumour lesions with or without distant metastases as well as metastatic tumour lesions from 115 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and colon cancer, and we subsequently selected 14 SNVs with the potential to decrease complex I activity. Intriguingly, a significant correlation was observed (P < 0.05 by Chi-square test) between the incidence of the selected mutations and distant metastasis. Thus, these results strongly suggest that pathogenic ND gene mutations participate in enhancing distant metastasis in human cancers.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/secondary
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Colonic Neoplasms/genetics
- Colonic Neoplasms/secondary
- DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics
- Female
- Genes, Mitochondrial/genetics
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Middle Aged
- Mitochondria/genetics
- Mutation
- NADH Dehydrogenase/genetics
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuko Koshikawa
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuoh-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Miho Akimoto
- Department of Life Science, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Hayashi
- University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagase
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuoh-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Keizo Takenaga
- Department of Life Science, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan.
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22
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Bussard KM, Siracusa LD. Understanding Mitochondrial Polymorphisms in Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 77:6051-6059. [PMID: 29097610 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were once thought to be predominantly innocuous to cell growth. Recent evidence suggests that mtDNA undergo naturally occurring alterations, including mutations and polymorphisms, which profoundly affect the cells in which they appear and contribute to a variety of diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Furthermore, interplay between mtDNA and nuclear DNA has been found in cancer cells, necessitating consideration of these complex interactions for future studies of cancer mutations and polymorphisms. In this issue of Cancer Research, Vivian and colleagues utilize a unique mouse model, called Mitochondrial Nuclear eXchange mice, that contain the nuclear DNA from one inbred mouse strain, and the mtDNA from a different inbred mouse strain to examine the genome-wide nuclear DNA methylation and gene expression patterns of brain tissue. Results demonstrated there were alterations in nuclear DNA expression and DNA methylation driven by mtDNA. These alterations may impact disease pathogenesis. In light of these results, in this review, we highlight alterations in mtDNA, with a specific focus on polymorphisms associated with cancer susceptibility and/or prognosis, mtDNA as cancer biomarkers, and considerations for investigating the role of mtDNA in cancer progression for future studies. Cancer Res; 77(22); 6051-9. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Bussard
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Linda D Siracusa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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23
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Carden T, Singh B, Mooga V, Bajpai P, Singh KK. Epigenetic modification of miR-663 controls mitochondria-to-nucleus retrograde signaling and tumor progression. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:20694-20706. [PMID: 29066618 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.797001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The normal cellular function requires communication between mitochondria and the nucleus, termed mitochondria-to-nucleus retrograde signaling. Disruption of this mechanism has been implicated in the development of cancers. Many proteins are known modulators of retrograde signaling, but whether microRNAs (miRNAs) are also involved is unknown. We conducted an miRNA microarray analysis using RNA from a parental cell line, a Rho0 line lacking mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and a Rho0 line with restored mtDNA. We found that miR-663 was down-regulated in the mtDNA-depleted Rho0 line. mtDNA restoration reversed this miRNA to parental level, suggesting that miR-663 may be epigenetically regulated by retrograde signaling. By using methylation-specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing we demonstrate that miR-663 promoter is epigenetically regulated not only by genetic but also by pharmacological disruption of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Restoration of OXPHOS Complex I inhibitor-induced miR-663 expression by N-acetylcysteine suggested that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in epigenetic regulation of miR-663. We determined that miR-663 regulates the expression of nuclear-encoded respiratory chain subunits involved in Complexes I, II, III, and IV. miR-663 also controlled the expression of the Complexes I (NDUFAF1), II (SDHAF2), III (UQCC2), and IV (SCO1) assembly factors and was required for stability of respiratory supercomplexes. Furthermore, using luciferase assays, we found that miR-663 directly regulates UQCC2. The anti-miR-663 reduced OXPHOS complex activity and increased in vitro cellular proliferation and promoted tumor development in vivo in mice. We also found that increased miR-663 expression in breast tumors consistently correlates with increased patient survival. We provide the first evidence for miRNA controlling retrograde signaling, demonstrating its epigenetic regulation and its role in breast tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Keshav K Singh
- From the Departments of Genetics, .,Pathology, and.,Environmental Health Sciences.,Center for Free Radical Biology.,Center for Aging, and.,UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham and.,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
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24
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Kalsbeek AM, Chan EK, Corcoran NM, Hovens CM, Hayes VM. Mitochondrial genome variation and prostate cancer: a review of the mutational landscape and application to clinical management. Oncotarget 2017; 8:71342-71357. [PMID: 29050365 PMCID: PMC5642640 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a genetic disease. While next generation sequencing has allowed for the emergence of molecular taxonomy, classification is restricted to the nuclear genome. Mutations within the maternally inherited mitochondrial genome are known to impact cancer pathogenesis, as a result of disturbances in energy metabolism and apoptosis. With a higher mutation rate, limited repair and increased copy number compared to the nuclear genome, the clinical relevance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation requires deeper exploration. Here we provide a systematic review of the landscape of prostate cancer associated mtDNA variation. While the jury is still out on the association between inherited mtDNA variation and prostate cancer risk, we collate a total of 749 uniquely reported prostate cancer associated somatic mutations. Support exists for number of somatic events, extent of heteroplasmy, and rate of recurrence of mtDNA mutations, increasing with disease aggression. While, the predicted pathogenic impact for recurrent prostate cancer associated mutations appears negligible, evidence exists for carcinogenic mutations impacting the cytochrome c oxidase complex and regulating metastasis through elevated reactive oxygen species production. Due to a lack of lethal cohort analyses, we provide additional unpublished data for metastatic disease. Discussing the advantages of mtDNA as a prostate cancer biomarker, we provide a review of current progress of including elevated mtDNA levels, of a large somatic deletion, acquired tRNAs mutations, heteroplasmy and total number of somatic events (mutational load). We confirm via meta-analysis a significant association between mtDNA mutational load and pathological staging at diagnosis or surgery (p < 0.0001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton M.F. Kalsbeek
- Laboratory for Human Comparative and Prostate Cancer Genomics, Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Medical Faculty, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eva K.F. Chan
- Laboratory for Human Comparative and Prostate Cancer Genomics, Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Medical Faculty, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Niall M. Corcoran
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre Epworth, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
- Departments of Urology and Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher M. Hovens
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre Epworth, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
- Departments of Urology and Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vanessa M. Hayes
- Laboratory for Human Comparative and Prostate Cancer Genomics, Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Medical Faculty, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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25
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Koo DH, Singh B, Jiang J, Friebe B, Gill BS, Chastain PD, Manne U, Tiwari HK, Singh KK. Single molecule mtDNA fiber FISH for analyzing numtogenesis. Anal Biochem 2017; 552:45-49. [PMID: 28322800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Somatic human cells contain thousands of copies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). In eukaryotes, natural transfer of mtDNA into the nucleus generates nuclear mitochondrial DNA (NUMT) copies. We name this phenomenon as "numtogenesis". Numtogenesis is a well-established evolutionary process reported in various sequenced eukaryotic genomes. We have established a molecular tool to rapidly detect and analyze NUMT insertions in whole genomes. To date, NUMT analyses depend on deep genome sequencing combined with comprehensive computational analyses of the whole genome. This is time consuming, cumbersome and cost prohibitive. Further, most laboratories cannot accomplish such analyses due to limited skills. We report the development of single-molecule mtFIBER FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) to study numtogenesis. The development of mtFIBER FISH should aid in establishing a role for numtogenesis in cancers and other human diseases. This novel technique should help distinguish and monitor cancer stages and progression, aid in elucidation of basic mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis and facilitate analyses of processes related to early detection of cancer, screening and/or cancer risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dal-Hoe Koo
- Wheat Genetics Resources Center, Department of Plant Pathology, Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Bhupendra Singh
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Jiming Jiang
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Bernd Friebe
- Wheat Genetics Resources Center, Department of Plant Pathology, Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Bikarm S Gill
- Wheat Genetics Resources Center, Department of Plant Pathology, Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Paul D Chastain
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, William Carey University, Hattiesburg, MS, United States
| | - Upender Manne
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Hemant K Tiwari
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Keshav K Singh
- Departments of Genetics, Pathology, Environmental Health, Center for Free Radical Biology, Center for Aging, UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, United States; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
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Singh B, Kulawiec M, Owens KM, Singh A, Singh KK. Sustained Early Disruption of Mitochondrial Function Contributes to Arsenic-Induced Prostate Tumorigenesis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:1089-1100. [PMID: 27908234 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a well-known human carcinogen that affects millions of people worldwide, but the underlying mechanisms of carcinogenesis are unclear. Several epidemiological studies have suggested increased prostate cancer incidence and mortality due to exposure to arsenic. Due to lack of an animal model of arsenic-induced carcinogenesis, we used a prostate epithelial cell culture model to identify a role for mitochondria in arsenic-induced prostate cancer. Mitochondrial morphology and membrane potential was impacted within a few hours of arsenic exposure of non-neoplastic prostate epithelial cells. Chronic arsenic treatment induced mutations in mitochondrial genes and altered mitochondrial functions. Human non-neoplastic prostate epithelial cells continuously cultured for seven months in the presence of 5 µM arsenite showed tumorigenic properties in vitro and induced tumors in SCID mice, which indicated transformation of these cells. Protein and mRNA expression of subunits of mtOXPHOS complex I were decreased in arsenic-transformed cells. Alterations in complex I, a main site for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as well as increased expression of ROS-producing NOX4 in arsenic-transformed cells suggested a role of oxidative stress in tumorigenic transformation of prostate epithelial cells. Whole genome cGH array analyses of arsenic-transformed prostate cells identified extensive genomic instability. Our study revealed mitochondrial dysfunction induced oxidative stress and decreased expression of p53 in arsenic-transformed cells as an underlying mechanism of the mitochondrial and nuclear genomic instability. These studies suggest that early changes in mitochondrial functions are sustained during prolong arsenic exposure. Overall, our study provides evidence that arsenic disruption of mitochondrial function is an early and key step in tumorigenic transformation of prostate epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Singh
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Genetics, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Qi Y, Wei Y, Wang Q, Xu H, Wang Y, Yao A, Yang H, Gao Y, Zhou F. Heteroplasmy of mutant mitochondrial DNA A10398G and analysis of its prognostic value in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3081-3088. [PMID: 27899967 PMCID: PMC5103904 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with pathogenic mitochondrial (mt)DNA mutations. The majority of mtDNA point mutations have a heteroplasmic status, which is defined as the coexistence of wild-type and mutated DNA within a cell or tissue. Previous findings demonstrated that certain mtDNA heteroplasmic mutations contribute to widely spread chronic diseases, including cancer, and alterations in the heteroplasmy level are associated with the clinical phenotype and severity of cancer. In the present study, the proportions of mutant mtDNA 10398G were assessed using amplification-refractory mutation system-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay in 129 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissue samples. Wild-type and mutant sequences were separately amplified using allele-specific primers and, subsequently, the PCR products containing the mtDNA 10398 site were ligated into vectors to construct a standard plasmid DNA construct. The association between mtDNA A10398G and the prognosis of patients was analyzed by survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards model. For the patient cohort, the median follow-up time and overall survival time were 20.6 and 26.3 months, respectively. The ratios of mutant heteroplasmy ranged between 0.31 and 97.04%. Patients with a high degree of mutant mtDNA 10398G had a significantly longer overall survival time compared with those with a low degree of mutant mtDNA 10398G (28.7 vs. 22.5 months, respectively; P<0.05). In addition, multivariate analysis demonstrated that epidermal growth factor receptor mutation status, tumor stage and the possession of a low degree of mutant 10398G were the three most independent prognostic factors. In conclusion, the present study suggests that, among NSCLC patients, there are large shifts in mutant mtDNA 10398G heteroplasmy and a low degree of mutant mtDNA 10398G heteroplasmy may be a marker of poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexiao Qi
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yuehua Wei
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoli Wang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - You Wang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Anqi Yao
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Fuxiang Zhou
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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Krzywanski DM, Moellering DR, Westbrook DG, Dunham-Snary KJ, Brown J, Bray AW, Feeley KP, Sammy MJ, Smith MR, Schurr TG, Vita JA, Ambalavanan N, Calhoun D, Dell'Italia L, Ballinger SW. Endothelial Cell Bioenergetics and Mitochondrial DNA Damage Differ in Humans Having African or West Eurasian Maternal Ancestry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 9:26-36. [PMID: 26787433 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.115.001308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesized that endothelial cells having distinct mitochondrial genetic backgrounds would show variation in mitochondrial function and oxidative stress markers concordant with known differential cardiovascular disease susceptibilities. To test this hypothesis, mitochondrial bioenergetics were determined in endothelial cells from healthy individuals with African versus European maternal ancestries. METHODS AND RESULTS Bioenergetics and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage were assessed in single-donor human umbilical vein endothelial cells belonging to mtDNA haplogroups H and L, representing West Eurasian and African maternal ancestries, respectively. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells from haplogroup L used less oxygen for ATP production and had increased levels of mtDNA damage compared with those in haplogroup H. Differences in bioenergetic capacity were also observed in that human umbilical vein endothelial cells belonging to haplogroup L had decreased maximal bioenergetic capacities compared with haplogroup H. Analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from age-matched healthy controls with West Eurasian or African maternal ancestries showed that haplogroups sharing an A to G mtDNA mutation at nucleotide pair 10398 had increased mtDNA damage compared with those lacking this mutation. Further study of angiographically proven patients with coronary artery disease and age-matched healthy controls revealed that mtDNA damage was associated with vascular function and remodeling and that age of disease onset was later in individuals from haplogroups lacking the A to G mutation at nucleotide pair 10398. CONCLUSIONS Differences in mitochondrial bioenergetics and mtDNA damage associated with maternal ancestry may contribute to endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Krzywanski
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - Douglas R Moellering
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - David G Westbrook
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - Kimberly J Dunham-Snary
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - Jamelle Brown
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - Alexander W Bray
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - Kyle P Feeley
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - Melissa J Sammy
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - Matthew R Smith
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - Theodore G Schurr
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - Joseph A Vita
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - Namasivayam Ambalavanan
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - David Calhoun
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - Louis Dell'Italia
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - Scott W Ballinger
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.).
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Feng D, Xu H, Li X, Wei Y, Jiang H, Xu H, Luo A, Zhou F. An association analysis between mitochondrial DNA content, G10398A polymorphism, HPV infection, and the prognosis of cervical cancer in the Chinese Han population. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:5599-607. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4429-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Arnold RS, Fedewa SA, Goodman M, Osunkoya AO, Kissick HT, Morrissey C, True LD, Petros JA. Bone metastasis in prostate cancer: Recurring mitochondrial DNA mutation reveals selective pressure exerted by the bone microenvironment. Bone 2015; 78:81-6. [PMID: 25952970 PMCID: PMC4466124 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer progression and metastasis occur such that cells with acquired mutations enhancing growth and survival (or inhibiting cell death) increase in number, a concept that has been recognized as analogous to Darwinian evolution of species since Peter C. Nowell's description in 1976. Selective forces include those intrinsic to the host (including metastatic site) as well as those resulting from anti-cancer therapies. By examining the mutational status of multiple tumor sites within an individual patient some insight may be gained into those genetic variants that enhance site-specific metastasis. By comparing these data across multiple individuals, recurrent patterns may identify alterations that are fundamental to successful site-specific metastasis. METHODS We sequenced the mitochondrial genome in 10 prostate cancer patients with bone metastases enrolled in a rapid autopsy program. Patients had late stage disease and received androgen ablation and frequently other systemic therapies. For each of 9 patients, 4 separate tissues were sequenced: the primary prostate cancer, a soft tissue metastasis, a bone metastasis and an uninvolved normal tissue that served as the non-cancerous control. An additional (10th) patient had no primary prostate available for sequencing but had both metastatic sites (and control DNA) sequenced. We then examined the number and location of somatically acquired mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in the primary tumor and two metastatic sites in each individual patient. Finally, we compared patients with each other to determine any common patterns of somatic mutation. RESULTS Somatic mutations were significantly more numerous in the bone compared to either the primary tumor or soft tissue metastases. A missense mutation at nucleotide position (n.p.) 10398 (A10398G; Thr114Ala) in the respiratory complex I gene ND3 was the most common (7 of 10 patients) and was detected only in the bone. Other notable somatic mutations that occurred in more than one patient include a tRNA Arg mutation at n.p. 10436 and a tRNA Thr mutation at n.p. 15928. The tRNA Arg mutation was restricted to bone metastases and occurred in three of 10 patients (30%). Somatic mutation at 15928 was not restricted to the bone and also occurred in three patients. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial genomic variation was greater in metastatic sites than in the primary tumor and bone metastases had statistically significantly greater numbers of somatic mutations than either the primary or the soft tissue metastases. The genome was not mutated randomly. At least one mutational "hot-spot" was identified at the individual base level (nucleotide position 10398 in bone metastases) indicating a pervasive selective pressure for bone metastatic cells that had acquired the 10398 mtDNA mutation. Two additional recurrent mutations (tRNA Arg and tRNA Thr) support the concept of bone site-specific "survival of the fittest" as revealed by variation in the mitochondrial genome and selective pressure exerted by the metastatic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Arnold
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; The Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Stacey A Fedewa
- Emory University School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael Goodman
- Emory University School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory University Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Adeboye O Osunkoya
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; The Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA; Emory University Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Haydn T Kissick
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lawrence D True
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John A Petros
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; The Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA; Emory University Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Modica-Napolitano JS, Weissig V. Treatment Strategies that Enhance the Efficacy and Selectivity of Mitochondria-Targeted Anticancer Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:17394-421. [PMID: 26230693 PMCID: PMC4581199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160817394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly a century has passed since Otto Warburg first observed high rates of aerobic glycolysis in a variety of tumor cell types and suggested that this phenomenon might be due to an impaired mitochondrial respiratory capacity in these cells. Subsequently, much has been written about the role of mitochondria in the initiation and/or progression of various forms of cancer, and the possibility of exploiting differences in mitochondrial structure and function between normal and malignant cells as targets for cancer chemotherapy. A number of mitochondria-targeted compounds have shown efficacy in selective cancer cell killing in pre-clinical and early clinical testing, including those that induce mitochondria permeability transition and apoptosis, metabolic inhibitors, and ROS regulators. To date, however, none has exhibited the standards for high selectivity and efficacy and low toxicity necessary to progress beyond phase III clinical trials and be used as a viable, single modality treatment option for human cancers. This review explores alternative treatment strategies that have been shown to enhance the efficacy and selectivity of mitochondria-targeted anticancer agents in vitro and in vivo, and may yet fulfill the clinical promise of exploiting the mitochondrion as a target for cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Volkmar Weissig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA.
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Mohideen AMSH, Dicks E, Parfrey P, Green R, Savas S. Mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms, its copy number change and outcome in colorectal cancer. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:272. [PMID: 26116242 PMCID: PMC4482280 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrion is a small organelle inside the eukaryotic cells. It has its own genome (mtDNA) and encodes for proteins that are critical for energy production and cellular metabolism. Mitochondrial dysfunctions have been implicated in cancer progression and may be related to poor prognosis in cancer patients. In this study we hypothesized that genetic variations in mtDNA are associated with clinical outcome in colorectal cancer patients. Methods We tested the associations of six mtDNA polymorphisms [MitoT479C, MitoT491C, MitoT10035C, MitoA13781G, 10398 (A/G), and 16189 (T/C)] and the mtDNA copy number change with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) times. Two mtDNA polymorphisms were genotyped using the TaqMan® SNP genotyping technique and the genotypes for the remaining four mtDNA polymorphisms were obtained by the Illumina® HumanOmni1-Quad genome wide SNP genotyping platform in 536 patients. The mtDNA copy number change (in tumor tissues with respect to non-tumor tissues) was estimated using the quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction for 274 patients. Associations of these mtDNA variations with OS and DFS were tested using the Cox regression method. Results In both univariate and multivariable analyses, none of the six mtDNA polymorphisms were associated with OS or DFS. 39.6 and 60.4% of the patients had increased and decreased mtDNA copy number in their tumor tissues when compared to their non-tumor rectum or colon tissues, respectively. However, in contrast to previous findings, the change in the mtDNA copy number was associated with neither OS nor DFS in our patient cohort. Conclusions Our results suggest that the mitochondrial genetic markers investigated in this study are not associated with outcome in colorectal cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-015-1250-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asan Meera Sahib Haja Mohideen
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, HSC, Room H4333, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada.
| | - Elizabeth Dicks
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.
| | - Patrick Parfrey
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.
| | - Roger Green
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, HSC, Room H4333, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada.
| | - Sevtap Savas
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, HSC, Room H4333, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada. .,Discipline of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.
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Jiang H, Zhao H, Xu H, Hu L, Wang W, Wei Y, Wang Y, Peng X, Zhou F. Peripheral blood mitochondrial DNA content, A10398G polymorphism, and risk of breast cancer in a Han Chinese population. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:639-45. [PMID: 24703408 PMCID: PMC4317893 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that quantitative alterations and sequence variations of mtDNA are associated with the onset and progression of particular types of tumor. However, the relationship between mtDNA content, certain mtDNA polymorphisms in peripheral blood leukocytes and breast cancer risk remain obscure. This study was undertaken to investigate whether mtDNA content and the A10398G polymorphism in peripheral blood leukocytes could be used as risk predictors for breast cancer in Han Chinese women. Blood samples were obtained from a total of 506 breast cancer patients and 520 matched healthy controls. The mtDNA content was measured by using quantitative real-time PCR assay; A10398G polymorphism was determined by PCR-RFLP assay. There was no statistically significant difference between cases and controls in terms of peripheral blood mtDNA content or A10398G polymorphism. However, further analysis suggested that the risk of breast cancer was associated with decreased mtDNA content in premenopausal women (P = 0.001; odds ratio = 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.38–0.77), with increased mtDNA content in postmenopausal women (P = 0.027; odds ratio = 1.49; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–2.11). In addition, the associations between mtDNA content and several clinicopathological parameters of cases such as age, menopausal status, and number of pregnancies and live births were observed. This case–control study indicated that the peripheral blood mtDNA content might be a potential biomarker to evaluate the risk of breast cancer for selected Chinese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangang Jiang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Cancer Study Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Bandelt HJ, Kloss-Brandstätter A, Richards MB, Yao YG, Logan I. The case for the continuing use of the revised Cambridge Reference Sequence (rCRS) and the standardization of notation in human mitochondrial DNA studies. J Hum Genet 2013; 59:66-77. [PMID: 24304692 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2013.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the determination in 1981 of the sequence of the human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome, the Cambridge Reference Sequence (CRS), has been used as the reference sequence to annotate mtDNA in molecular anthropology, forensic science and medical genetics. The CRS was eventually upgraded to the revised version (rCRS) in 1999. This reference sequence is a convenient device for recording mtDNA variation, although it has often been misunderstood as a wild-type (WT) or consensus sequence by medical geneticists. Recently, there has been a proposal to replace the rCRS with the so-called Reconstructed Sapiens Reference Sequence (RSRS). Even if it had been estimated accurately, the RSRS would be a cumbersome substitute for the rCRS, as the new proposal fuses--and thus confuses--the two distinct concepts of ancestral lineage and reference point for human mtDNA. Instead, we prefer to maintain the rCRS and to report mtDNA profiles by employing the hitherto predominant circumfix style. Tree diagrams could display mutations by using either the profile notation (in conventional short forms where appropriate) or in a root-upwards way with two suffixes indicating ancestral and derived nucleotides. This would guard against misunderstandings about reporting mtDNA variation. It is therefore neither necessary nor sensible to change the present reference sequence, the rCRS, in any way. The proposed switch to RSRS would inevitably lead to notational chaos, mistakes and misinterpretations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anita Kloss-Brandstätter
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin B Richards
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Mitochondrial DNA mutations and breast tumorigenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1836:336-44. [PMID: 24140413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and genetic factors play an important role in its genesis. Although mutations in tumor suppressors and oncogenes encoded by the nuclear genome are known to play a critical role in breast tumorigenesis, the contribution of the mitochondrial genome to this process is unclear. Like the nuclear genome, the mitochondrial genome also encodes proteins critical for mitochondrion functions such as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), which is known to be defective in cancer including breast cancer. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is more susceptible to mutations due to limited repair mechanisms compared to nuclear DNA (nDNA). Thus changes in mitochondrial genes could also contribute to the development of breast cancer. In this review we discuss mtDNA mutations that affect OXPHOS. Continuous acquisition of mtDNA mutations and selection of advantageous mutations ultimately leads to generation of cells that propagate uncontrollably to form tumors. Since irreversible damage to OXPHOS leads to a shift in energy metabolism towards enhanced aerobic glycolysis in most cancers, mutations in mtDNA represent an early event during breast tumorigenesis, and thus may serve as potential biomarkers for early detection and prognosis of breast cancer. Because mtDNA mutations lead to defective OXPHOS, development of agents that target OXPHOS will provide specificity for preventative and therapeutic agents against breast cancer with minimal toxicity.
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Xu H, He W, Jiang HG, Zhao H, Peng XH, Wei YH, Wei JN, Xie CH, Liang C, Zhong YH, Zhang G, Deng D, Zhou YF, Zhou FX. Prognostic value of mitochondrial DNA content and G10398A polymorphism in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:3006-12. [PMID: 24101028 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been postulated to render cancer cells resistant to apoptosis based on the Warburg hypothesis. However, few studies have investigated the prognostic value of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and G10398A polymorphism in NSCLC patients. mtDNA copy number and G10398A polymorphism in 128 NSCLC tissue samples were assessed by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and PCR-RFLP respectively, and their relationship to prognosis were analyzed by survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards model. In vitro, an mtDNA deletion A549 ρ(0) cell model was utilized to assess the function of mtDNA on radiosensitivity. Cell cycle distribution and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were analyzed to elucidate the potential mechanisms. For the whole group, the median follow-up time and overall survival time were 22.5 and 23.4 months, respectively. Patients with high mtDNA content had a marginally longer survival time than patients with low mtDNA content (P=0.053). Moreover, patients with high mtDNA content plus 10398G had a significantly longer overall survival time compared with those having low mtDNA content plus 10398A (47 vs. 27 months, P<0.05). In addition, multivariate analysis showed that stage and low mtDNA content plus 10398A were the two most independent prognostic factors. In vitro, the A549 ρ(0) cells showed more resistance to radiation than ρ(+) cells. Following radiation, ρ(0) cells showed delayed G2 arrest and lower ROS level as compared to ρ(+) cells. In conclusion, the present study suggests that in patients with NSCLC, low mtDNA content plus 10398A could be a marker of poor prognosis which is associated with resistance to anticancer treatment caused by low mtDNA content plus 10398A polymorphism resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors and Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuchang, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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Francis A, Pooja S, Rajender S, Govindaraj P, Tipirisetti NR, Surekha D, Rao DR, Rao L, Ramachandra L, Vishnupriya S, Ramalingam K, Satyamoorthy K, Thangaraj K. A mitochondrial DNA variant 10398G>A in breast cancer among South Indians: an original study with meta-analysis. Mitochondrion 2013; 13:559-65. [PMID: 23993954 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The m.10398G>A polymorphism in the MT-ND3 gene has been linked to the manifestation of several neurodegenerative disorders and cancers. Several research groups have analyzed the association between m.10398G>A polymorphism and breast cancer; however, the results do not follow a consensus. We have studied this polymorphism in three Dravidian populations from South India. Analysis on 716 cases and 724 controls found no association between m.10398G>A polymorphism and breast cancer [OR = 0.916 (0.743-1.128); P = 0.409]. Menopausal stratification also revealed no significant association in either pre-menopausal or post-menopausal breast cancer groups. In addition, we undertook a meta-analysis on 16 study groups, comprising a total of 7202 cases and 7490 controls. The pooled odds ratio suggested no significant association of m.10398G>A substitution with breast cancer [OR = 1.016 (0.85-1.22); P = 0.86]. In conclusion, there is no evidence of association between m.10398G>A polymorphism and breast cancer risk among South Indian women. Meta-analysis suggested no overall correlation between this polymorphism and breast cancer risk.
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38
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Wang X, Luan Q, Chen Q, Zhao L, Guo Y. Mitochondrial polymorphisms and dysfunction related to aggressive periodontitis: a pilot study. Oral Dis 2013; 20:490-8. [PMID: 23902412 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Department of Periodontology Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing China
| | - Q Luan
- Department of Periodontology Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing China
| | - Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chaoyang District Beijing China
| | - L Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chaoyang District Beijing China
| | - Y Guo
- Department of Periodontology Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing China
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Mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase alterations are associated with endometriosis. Mitochondrion 2013; 13:782-90. [PMID: 23685242 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Genetic alterations and aberrant expression of 'mitochondrial membrane complex I' (MMC-I) underlie several complex human disorders, but no reports are documented to date in endometriosis. Sequencing of mitochondrially encoded MMC-I subunits revealed 72 mutations of which 2 missense (G10398A; A13603A/G) mutations and 1 synonymous (T10400C) mutation showed higher prevalence in patients. In silico functional analysis predicted A13603A/G, a novel heteroplasmy as a 'damaging variant'. Our results indicate higher endometriosis risk for haplotype '10398A/10400C/13603AG' and haplogroup 'N'. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed elevated MMC-I expression in eutopic endometria of patients compared to controls. In conclusion, MMC-I alterations may constitute an inheritable risk factor for endometriosis.
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40
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Crosstalk from non-cancerous mitochondria can inhibit tumor properties of metastatic cells by suppressing oncogenic pathways. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61747. [PMID: 23671572 PMCID: PMC3650012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial-nucleus cross talks and mitochondrial retrograde regulation can play a significant role in cellular properties. Transmitochondrial cybrid systems (cybrids) are an excellent tool to study specific effects of altered mitochondria under a defined nuclear background. The majority of the studies using the cybrid model focused on the significance of specific mitochondrial DNA variations in mitochondrial function or tumor properties. However, most of these variants are benign polymorphisms without known functional significance. From an objective of rectifying mitochondrial defects in cancer cells and to establish mitochondria as a potential anticancer drug target, understanding the role of functional mitochondria in reversing oncogenic properties under a cancer nuclear background is very important. Here we analyzed the potential reversal of oncogenic properties of a highly metastatic cell line with the introduction of non-cancerous mitochondria. Cybrids were established by fusing the mitochondria DNA depleted 143B TK- ρ0 cells from an aggressive osteosarcoma cell line with mitochondria from benign breast epithelial cell line MCF10A, moderately metastatic breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-468 and 143B cells. In spite of the uniform cancerous nuclear background, as observed with the mitochondria donor cells, cybrids with benign mitochondria showed high mitochondrial functional properties including increased ATP synthesis, oxygen consumption and respiratory chain activities compared to cybrids with cancerous mitochondria. Interestingly, benign mitochondria could reverse different oncogenic characteristics of 143B TK- cell including cell proliferation, viability under hypoxic condition, anti-apoptotic properties, resistance to anti-cancer drug, invasion, and colony formation in soft agar, and in vivo tumor growth in nude mice. Microarray analysis suggested that several oncogenic pathways observed in cybrids with cancer mitochondria are inhibited in cybrids with non-cancerous mitochondria. These results suggest the critical oncogenic regulation by mitochondrial-nuclear cross talk and highlights rectifying mitochondrial functional properties as a promising target in cancer therapy.
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41
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Yadava N, Schneider SS, Jerry DJ, Kim C. Impaired mitochondrial metabolism and mammary carcinogenesis. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2013; 18:75-87. [PMID: 23269521 PMCID: PMC3581737 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-012-9271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative metabolism plays a key role in meeting energetic demands of cells by oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). Here, we have briefly discussed (a) the dynamic relationship that exists among glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and OxPhos; (b) the evidence of impaired OxPhos (i.e. mitochondrial dysfunction) in breast cancer; (c) the mechanisms by which mitochondrial dysfunction can predispose to cancer; and (d) the effects of host and environmental factors that can negatively affect mitochondrial function. We propose that impaired OxPhos could increase susceptibility to breast cancer via suppression of the p53 pathway, which plays a critical role in preventing tumorigenesis. OxPhos is sensitive to a large number of factors intrinsic to the host (e.g. inflammation) as well as environmental exposures (e.g. pesticides, herbicides and other compounds). Polymorphisms in over 143 genes can also influence the OxPhos system. Therefore, declining mitochondrial oxidative metabolism with age due to host and environmental exposures could be a common mechanism predisposing to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra Yadava
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, MA 01107, USA.
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Golubnitschaja O, Yeghiazaryan K, Costigliola V, Trog D, Braun M, Debald M, Kuhn W, Schild HH. Risk assessment, disease prevention and personalised treatments in breast cancer: is clinically qualified integrative approach in the horizon? EPMA J 2013; 4:6. [PMID: 23418957 PMCID: PMC3615949 DOI: 10.1186/1878-5085-4-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a multifactorial disease. A spectrum of internal and external factors contributes to the disease promotion such as a genetic predisposition, chronic inflammatory processes, exposure to toxic compounds, abundant stress factors, a shift-worker job, etc. The cumulative effects lead to high incidence of breast cancer in populations worldwide. Breast cancer in the USA is currently registered with the highest incidence rates amongst all cancer related patient cohorts. Currently applied diagnostic approaches are frequently unable to recognise early stages in tumour development that impairs individual outcomes. Early diagnosis has been demonstrated to be highly beneficial for significantly enhanced therapy efficacy and possibly full recovery. Actual paper shows that the elaboration of an integrative diagnostic approach combining several levels of examinations creates a robust platform for the reliable risk assessment, targeted preventive measures and more effective treatments tailored to the person in the overall task of breast cancer management. The levels of examinations are proposed, and innovative technological approaches are described in the paper. The absolute necessity to create individual patient profiles and extended medical records is justified for the utilising by routine medical services. Expert recommendations are provided to promote further developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Golubnitschaja
- Department of Radiology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str, 25, Bonn, 53105, Germany.
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Mitochondria and cancer: past, present, and future. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:612369. [PMID: 23509753 PMCID: PMC3581248 DOI: 10.1155/2013/612369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The area of mitochondrial genomics has undergone unprecedented growth over the past several years. With the advent of the age of omics, investigations have reached beyond the nucleus to encompass the close biological communication and finely coordinated interactions between mitochondria and their nuclear cell mate. Application of this holistic approach, to all metabolic interactions within the cell, is providing a more complete understanding of the molecular transformation of the cell from normal to malignant behavior, before histopathological indications are evident. In this review the surging momentum in mitochondrial science, as it relates to cancer, is described in three progressive perspectives: (1) Past: the historical contributions to current directions of research; (2) Present: Contemporary findings, results and approaches to mitochondria and cancer, including the role of next generation sequencing and proteomics; (3) FUTURE: Based on the present body of knowledge, the potential assets and benefits of mitochondrial research are projected into the near future.
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De Vitto H, Mendonça BS, Elseth KM, Onul A, Xue J, Vesper BJ, Gallo CVM, Rumjanek FD, Paradise WA, Radosevich JA. Part III. Molecular changes induced by high nitric oxide adaptation in human breast cancer cell line BT-20 (BT-20-HNO): a switch from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism. Tumour Biol 2012; 34:403-13. [PMID: 23238817 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0564-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrient deprivation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in breast cancer mitochondrial adaptation. Adaptations to these conditions allow cells to survive in the stressful microenvironment of the tumor bed. This study is directed at defining the consequences of High Nitric Oxide (HNO) exposure to mitochondria in human breast cancer cells. The breast cancer cell line BT-20 (parent) was adapted to HNO as previously reported, resulting in the BT-20-HNO cell line. Both cell lines were analyzed by a variety of methods including MTT, LDH leakage assay, DNA sequencing, and Western blot analysis. The LDH assay and the gene chip data showed that BT-20-HNO was more prone to use the glycolytic pathway than the parent cell line. The BT-20-HNO cells were also more resistant to the apoptotic inducing agent salinomycin, which suggests that p53 may be mutated in these cells. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by DNA sequencing of the p53 gene showed that it was, in fact, mutated at the DNA-binding site (L194F). Western blot analysis showed that p53 was significantly upregulated in these cells. These results suggest that free radicals, such as nitric oxide (NO), pressure human breast tumor cells to acquire an aggressive phenotype and resistance to apoptosis. These data collectively provide a mechanism by which the dysregulation of ROS in the mitochondria of breast cancer cells can result in DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- H De Vitto
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, IBqM, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Gómez-Durán A, Pacheu-Grau D, Martínez-Romero I, López-Gallardo E, López-Pérez MJ, Montoya J, Ruiz-Pesini E. Oxidative phosphorylation differences between mitochondrial DNA haplogroups modify the risk of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012; 1822:1216-22. [PMID: 22561905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy is a maternally inherited optic atrophy caused by mitochondrial DNA point mutations. Previous epidemiological studies have shown that individuals from mitochondrial genetic backgrounds (haplogroups) J/Uk and H have a higher and a lower risk, respectively, of suffering this disorder. To analyze the bases of these associations at cellular and molecular levels, functional studies with cybrids provide high quality evidence. Cybrids from haplogroup J contain less mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) and synthesize a smaller amount of mitochondrial DNA-encoded polypeptides than those from haplogroup H. Haplogroup J cybrids also display lower oxygen consumption, mitochondrial inner membrane potential and total adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) levels. Moreover, mitochondrial DNA levels correlate with many parameters of the oxidative phosphorylation system. These results suggest that the mitochondrial DNA amount determines oxidative phosphorylation capacity and, along with other recently published observations, support the possibility that mitochondrial DNA levels may be responsible for the bias of the disorder toward males, for the incomplete penetrance of mutations causing Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy and for the association of the disease with particular mitochondrial DNA haplogroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Gómez-Durán
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas En Red de Enfermedades Raras, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
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Barbosa IA, Machado NG, Skildum AJ, Scott PM, Oliveira PJ. Mitochondrial remodeling in cancer metabolism and survival: potential for new therapies. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2012; 1826:238-54. [PMID: 22554970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are semi-autonomous organelles that play essential roles in cellular metabolism and programmed cell death pathways. Genomic, functional and structural mitochondrial alterations have been associated with cancer. Some of those alterations may provide a selective advantage to cells, allowing them to survive and grow under stresses created by oncogenesis. Due to the specific alterations that occur in cancer cell mitochondria, these organelles may provide promising targets for cancer therapy. The development of drugs that specifically target metabolic and mitochondrial alterations in tumor cells has become a matter of interest in recent years, with several molecules undergoing clinical trials. This review focuses on the most relevant mitochondrial alterations found in tumor cells, their contribution to cancer progression and survival, and potential usefulness for stratification and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês A Barbosa
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Minocherhomji S, Tollefsbol TO, Singh KK. Mitochondrial regulation of epigenetics and its role in human diseases. Epigenetics 2012; 7:326-34. [PMID: 22419065 DOI: 10.4161/epi.19547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most pathogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations induce defects in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). However, phenotypic effects of these mutations show a large degree of variation depending on the tissue affected. These differences are difficult to reconcile with OXPHOS as the sole pathogenic factor suggesting that additional mechanisms contribute to lack of genotype and clinical phenotype correlationship. An increasing number of studies have identified a possible effect on the epigenetic landscape of the nuclear genome as a consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction. In particular, these studies demonstrate reversible or irreversible changes in genomic DNA methylation profiles of the nuclear genome. Here we review how mitochondria damage checkpoint (mitocheckpoint) induces epigenetic changes in the nucleus. Persistent pathogenic mutations in mtDNA may also lead to epigenetic changes causing genomic instability in the nuclear genome. We propose that "mitocheckpoint" mediated epigenetic and genetic changes may play key roles in phenotypic variation related to mitochondrial diseases or host of human diseases in which mitochondrial defect plays a primary role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheroy Minocherhomji
- Wilhelm Johannsen Centre for Functional Genome Research, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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The awakening of an advanced malignant cancer: an insult to the mitochondrial genome. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1820:652-62. [PMID: 21920409 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In only months-to-years a primary cancer can progress to an advanced phenotype that is metastatic and resistant to clinical treatments. As early as the 1900s, it was discovered that the progression of a cancer to the advanced phenotype is often associated with a shift in the metabolic profile of the disease from a state of respiration to anaerobic fermentation - a phenomenon denoted as the Warburg Effect. SCOPE OF REVIEW Reports in the literature strongly suggest that the Warburg Effect is generated as a response to a loss in the integrity of the sequence and/or copy number of the mitochondrial genome content within a cancer. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Multiple studies regarding the progression of cancer indicate that mutation, and/or, a flux in the copy number, of the mitochondrial genome content can support the early development of a cancer, until; the mutational load and/or the reduction-to-depletion of the copy number of the mitochondrial genome content induces the progression of the disease to an advanced phenotype. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Collectively, evidence has revealed that the human cell has incorporated the mitochondrial genome content into a cellular mechanism that, when pathologically actuated, can de(un)differentiate a cancer from the parental tissue of origin into an autonomous disease that disrupts the hierarchical structure-and-function of the human body. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Biochemistry of Mitochondria.
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Stable differences in intrinsic mitochondrial membrane potential of tumor cell subpopulations reflect phenotypic heterogeneity. Int J Cell Biol 2011; 2011:978583. [PMID: 21760799 PMCID: PMC3132547 DOI: 10.1155/2011/978583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity among cells that constitute a solid tumor is important in determining disease progression. Our previous work established that, within a population of metastatic colonic tumor cells, there are minor subpopulations of cells with stable differences in their intrinsic mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and that these differences in ΔΨm are linked to tumorigenic phenotype. Here we expanded this work to investigate primary mammary, as well as colonic, tumor cell lines. We show that within a primary mammary tumor cell population, and in both primary and metastatic colonic tumor cell populations, there are subpopulations of cells with significant stable variations in intrinsic ΔΨm. In each of these 3 tumor cell populations, cells with relatively higher intrinsic ΔΨm exhibit phenotypic properties consistent with promotion of tumor cell survival and expansion. However, additional properties associated with invasive potential appear in cells with higher intrinsic ΔΨm only from the metastatic colonic tumor cell line. Thus, it is likely that differences in the intrinsic ΔΨm among cells that constitute primary mammary tumor populations, as well as primary and metastatic colonic tumor populations, are markers of an acquired tumor phenotype which, within the context of the tumor, influence the probability that particular cells will contribute to disease progression.
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Compton S, Kim C, Griner NB, Potluri P, Scheffler IE, Sen S, Jerry DJ, Schneider S, Yadava N. Mitochondrial dysfunction impairs tumor suppressor p53 expression/function. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:20297-312. [PMID: 21502317 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.163063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, mitochondria have been suggested to act in tumor suppression. However, the underlying mechanisms by which mitochondria suppress tumorigenesis are far from being clear. In this study, we have investigated the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and the tumor suppressor protein p53 using a set of respiration-deficient (Res(-)) mammalian cell mutants with impaired assembly of the oxidative phosphorylation machinery. Our data suggest that normal mitochondrial function is required for γ-irradiation (γIR)-induced cell death, which is mainly a p53-dependent process. The Res(-) cells are protected against γIR-induced cell death due to impaired p53 expression/function. We find that the loss of complex I biogenesis in the absence of the MWFE subunit reduces the steady-state level of the p53 protein, although there is no effect on the p53 protein level in the absence of the ESSS subunit that is also essential for complex I assembly. The p53 protein level was also reduced to undetectable levels in Res(-) cells with severely impaired mitochondrial protein synthesis. This suggests that p53 protein expression is differentially regulated depending upon the type of electron transport chain/respiratory chain deficiency. Moreover, irrespective of the differences in the p53 protein expression profile, γIR-induced p53 activity is compromised in all Res(-) cells. Using two different conditional systems for complex I assembly, we also show that the effect of mitochondrial dysfunction on p53 expression/function is a reversible phenomenon. We believe that these findings will have major implications in the understanding of cancer development and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Compton
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, Massachusetts 01107, USA
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