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Chu Y, Hua Y, He L, He J, Chen Y, Yang J, Mahmoud I, Zeng F, Zeng X, Benavides GA, Darley-Usmar VM, Young ME, Ballinger SW, Prabhu SD, Zhang C, Xie M. β-hydroxybutyrate administered at reperfusion reduces infarct size and preserves cardiac function by improving mitochondrial function through autophagy in male mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 186:31-44. [PMID: 37979443 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury after revascularization contributes ∼50% of infarct size and causes heart failure, for which no established clinical treatment exists. β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB), which serves as both an energy source and a signaling molecule, has recently been reported to be cardioprotective when administered immediately before I/R and continuously after reperfusion. This study aims to determine whether administering β-OHB at the time of reperfusion with a single dose can alleviate I/R injury and, if so, to define the mechanisms involved. We found plasma β-OHB levels were elevated during ischemia in STEMI patients, albeit not to myocardial protection level, and decreased after revascularization. In mice, compared with normal saline, β-OHB administrated at reperfusion reduced infarct size (by 50%) and preserved cardiac function, as well as activated autophagy and preserved mtDNA levels in the border zone. Our treatment with one dose β-OHB reached a level achievable with fasting and strenuous physical activity. In neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) subjected to I/R, β-OHB at physiologic level reduced cell death, increased autophagy, preserved mitochondrial mass, function, and membrane potential, in addition to attenuating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. ATG7 knockdown/knockout abolished the protective effects of β-OHB observed both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, β-OHB's cardioprotective effects were associated with inhibition of mTOR signaling. In conclusion, β-OHB, when administered at reperfusion, reduces infarct size and maintains mitochondrial homeostasis by increasing autophagic flux (potentially through mTOR inhibition). Since β-OHB has been safely tested in heart failure patients, it may be a viable therapeutic to reduce infarct size in STEMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Chu
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Yutao Hua
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Lihao He
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Jin He
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Yunxi Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Ismail Mahmoud
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Fanfang Zeng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Xiaochang Zeng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Gloria A Benavides
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Victor M Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Martin E Young
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Scott W Ballinger
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Sumanth D Prabhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
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Jones RB, Silva AD, Ankenbauer KE, Britain CM, Chakraborty A, Brown JA, Ballinger SW, Bellis SL. Role of the ST6GAL1 sialyltransferase in regulating ovarian cancer cell metabolism. Glycobiology 2023; 33:626-636. [PMID: 37364046 PMCID: PMC10560082 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The ST6GAL1 sialyltransferase, which adds α2-6-linked sialic acids to N-glycosylated proteins, is upregulated in many malignancies including ovarian cancer. Through its activity in sialylating select surface receptors, ST6GAL1 modulates intracellular signaling to regulate tumor cell phenotype. ST6GAL1 has previously been shown to act as a survival factor that protects cancer cells from cytotoxic stressors such as hypoxia. In the present study, we investigated a role for ST6GAL1 in tumor cell metabolism. ST6GAL1 was overexpressed (OE) in OV4 ovarian cancer cells, which have low endogenous ST6GAL1, or knocked-down (KD) in ID8 ovarian cancer cells, which have high endogenous ST6GAL1. OV4 and ID8 cells with modulated ST6GAL1 expression were grown under normoxic or hypoxic conditions, and metabolism was assessed using Seahorse technology. Results showed that cells with high ST6GAL1 expression maintained a higher rate of oxidative metabolism than control cells following treatment with the hypoxia mimetic, desferrioxamine (DFO). This enrichment was not due to an increase in mitochondrial number. Glycolytic metabolism was also increased in OV4 and ID8 cells with high ST6GAL1 expression, and these cells displayed greater activity of the glycolytic enzymes, hexokinase and phosphofructokinase. Metabolism maps were generated from the combined Seahorse data, which suggested that ST6GAL1 functions to enhance the overall metabolism of tumor cells. Finally, we determined that OV4 and ID8 cells with high ST6GAL1 expression were more invasive under conditions of hypoxia. Collectively, these results highlight the importance of sialylation in regulating the metabolic phenotype of ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Jones
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35298, United States
| | - Austin D Silva
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35298, United States
| | - Katherine E Ankenbauer
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35298, United States
| | - Colleen M Britain
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35298, United States
| | - Asmi Chakraborty
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35298, United States
| | - Jamelle A Brown
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35298, United States
| | - Scott W Ballinger
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35298, United States
| | - Susan L Bellis
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35298, United States
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3
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Kawano H, Kawano Y, Yu C, LaMere MW, McArthur MJ, Becker MW, Ballinger SW, Gojo S, Eliseev RA, Calvi LM. Mitochondrial Transfer to Host Cells from Ex Vivo Expanded Donor Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Cells 2023; 12:1473. [PMID: 37296594 PMCID: PMC10252267 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is observed in various conditions, from metabolic syndromes to mitochondrial diseases. Moreover, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) transfer is an emerging mechanism that enables the restoration of mitochondrial function in damaged cells. Hence, developing a technology that facilitates the transfer of mtDNA can be a promising strategy for the treatment of these conditions. Here, we utilized an ex vivo culture of mouse hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and succeeded in expanding the HSCs efficiently. Upon transplantation, sufficient donor HSC engraftment was attained in-host. To assess the mitochondrial transfer via donor HSCs, we used mitochondrial-nuclear exchange (MNX) mice with nuclei from C57BL/6J and mitochondria from the C3H/HeN strain. Cells from MNX mice have C57BL/6J immunophenotype and C3H/HeN mtDNA, which is known to confer a higher stress resistance to mitochondria. Ex vivo expanded MNX HSCs were transplanted into irradiated C57BL/6J mice and the analyses were performed at six weeks post transplantation. We observed high engraftment of the donor cells in the bone marrow. We also found that HSCs from the MNX mice could transfer mtDNA to the host cells. This work highlights the utility of ex vivo expanded HSC to achieve the mitochondrial transfer from donor to host in the transplant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kawano
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Yuko Kawano
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Chen Yu
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Mark W. LaMere
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Matthew J. McArthur
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Michael W. Becker
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Scott W. Ballinger
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Satoshi Gojo
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-0841, Japan
| | - Roman A. Eliseev
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Laura M. Calvi
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Kandasamy J, Li R, Vamesu BM, Olave N, Halloran B, Jilling T, Ballinger SW, Ambalavanan N. Mitochondrial DNA Variations Modulate Alveolar Epithelial Mitochondrial Function and Oxidative Stress in Newborn Mice Exposed to Hyperoxia. bioRxiv 2023:2023.05.17.541177. [PMID: 37292719 PMCID: PMC10245974 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.17.541177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important contributor to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a form of chronic lung disease that is the most common morbidity in very preterm infants. Mitochondrial functional differences due to inherited and acquired mutations influence the pathogenesis of disorders in which oxidative stress plays a critical role. We previously showed using mitochondrial-nuclear exchange (MNX) mice that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variations modulate hyperoxia-induced lung injury severity in a model of BPD. In this study, we studied the effects of mtDNA variations on mitochondrial function including mitophagy in alveolar epithelial cells (AT2) from MNX mice. We also investigated oxidant and inflammatory stress as well as transcriptomic profiles in lung tissue in mice and expression of proteins such as PINK1, Parkin and SIRT3 in infants with BPD. Our results indicate that AT2 from mice with C57 mtDNA had decreased mitochondrial bioenergetic function and inner membrane potential, increased mitochondrial membrane permeability and were exposed to higher levels of oxidant stress during hyperoxia compared to AT2 from mice with C3H mtDNA. Lungs from hyperoxia-exposed mice with C57 mtDNA also had higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to lungs from mice with C3H mtDNA. We also noted changes in KEGG pathways related to inflammation, PPAR and glutamatergic signaling, and mitophagy in mice with certain mito-nuclear combinations but not others. Mitophagy was decreased by hyperoxia in all mice strains, but to a greater degree in AT2 and neonatal mice lung fibroblasts from hyperoxia-exposed mice with C57 mtDNA compared to C3H mtDNA. Finally, mtDNA haplogroups vary with ethnicity, and Black infants with BPD had lower levels of PINK1, Parkin and SIRT3 expression in HUVEC at birth and tracheal aspirates at 28 days of life when compared to White infants with BPD. These results indicate that predisposition to neonatal lung injury may be modulated by variations in mtDNA and mito-nuclear interactions need to be investigated to discover novel pathogenic mechanisms for BPD.
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Guichard JL, Kane MS, Grenett M, Sandel M, Benavides GA, Bradley WE, Powell PC, Darley-Usmar V, Ballinger SW, Dell'Italia LJ. Mitochondrial haplotype modulates genome expression and mitochondrial structure/function in cardiomyocytes following volume overload. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 324:H484-H493. [PMID: 36800507 PMCID: PMC10010923 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00371.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype regulates mitochondrial structure/function and reactive oxygen species in aortocaval fistula (ACF) in mice. Here, we unravel the mitochondrial haplotype effects on cardiomyocyte mitochondrial ultrastructure and transcriptome response to ACF in vivo. Phenotypic responses and quantitative transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and RNA sequence at 3 days were determined after sham surgery or ACF in vivo in cardiomyocytes from wild-type (WT) C57BL/6J (C57n:C57mt) and C3H/HeN (C3Hn:C3Hmt) and mitochondrial nuclear exchange mice (C57n:C3Hmt or C3Hn:C57mt). Quantitative TEM of cardiomyocyte mitochondria C3HWT hearts have more electron-dense compact mitochondrial cristae compared with C57WT. In response to ACF, mitochondrial area and cristae integrity are normal in C3HWT; however, there is mitochondrial swelling, cristae lysis, and disorganization in both C57WT and MNX hearts. Tissue analysis shows that C3HWT hearts have increased autophagy, antioxidant, and glucose fatty acid oxidation-related genes compared with C57WT. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of cardiomyocytes from ACF was dependent upon mtDNA haplotype. C57mtDNA haplotype was associated with increased inflammatory/protein synthesis pathways and downregulation of bioenergetic pathways, whereas C3HmtDNA showed upregulation of autophagy genes. In conclusion, ACF in vivo shows a protective response of C3Hmt haplotype that is in large part driven by mitochondrial nuclear genome interaction.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The results of this study support the effects of mtDNA haplotype on nuclear gene expression in cardiomyocytes. Currently, there is no acceptable therapy for volume overload due to mitral regurgitation. The findings of this study could suggest that mtDNA haplotype activates different pathways after ACF warrants further investigations on human population of heart disease from different ancestry backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Guichard
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Mariame Selma Kane
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Maximiliano Grenett
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Michael Sandel
- Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, United States
| | - Gloria A Benavides
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- UAB Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Wayne E Bradley
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Pamela Cox Powell
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- UAB Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Scott W Ballinger
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- UAB Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Louis J Dell'Italia
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
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Taylor HA, Finkel T, Gao Y, Ballinger SW, Campo R, Chen R, Chen SH, Davidson K, Iruela-Arispe ML, Jaquish C, LeBrasseur NK, Odden MC, Papanicolaou GJ, Picard M, Srinivas P, Tjurmina O, Wolz M, Galis ZS. Scientific opportunities in resilience research for cardiovascular health and wellness. Report from a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute workshop. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22639. [PMID: 36322029 PMCID: PMC9703084 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201407r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of biological systems to acute or chronic insults triggers a host of molecular and physiological responses to either tolerate, adapt, or fully restore homeostasis; these responses constitute the hallmarks of resilience. Given the many facets, dimensions, and discipline-specific focus, gaining a shared understanding of "resilience" has been identified as a priority for supporting advances in cardiovascular health. This report is based on the working definition: "Resilience is the ability of living systems to successfully maintain or return to homeostasis in response to physical, molecular, individual, social, societal, or environmental stressors or challenges," developed after considering many factors contributing to cardiovascular resilience through deliberations of multidisciplinary experts convened by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute during a workshop entitled: "Enhancing Resilience for Cardiovascular Health and Wellness." Some of the main emerging themes that support the possibility of enhancing resilience for cardiovascular health include optimal energy management and substrate diversity, a robust immune system that safeguards tissue homeostasis, and social and community support. The report also highlights existing research challenges, along with immediate and long-term opportunities for resilience research. Certain immediate opportunities identified are based on leveraging existing high-dimensional data from longitudinal clinical studies to identify vascular resilience measures, create a 'resilience index,' and adopt a life-course approach. Long-term opportunities include developing quantitative cell/organ/system/community models to identify resilience factors and mechanisms at these various levels, designing experimental and clinical interventions that specifically assess resilience, adopting global sharing of resilience-related data, and cross-domain training of next-generation researchers in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman A. Taylor
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA,Morehouse-Emory Cardiovascular Center for Health Equity, Atlanta, Georgia, USA,Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA,Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Toren Finkel
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yunling Gao
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Scott W. Ballinger
- University of Alabama Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rebecca Campo
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rong Chen
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA,Sema4, Stamford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shu Hui Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Karina Davidson
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Cashell Jaquish
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - George J. Papanicolaou
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Martin Picard
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pothur Srinivas
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Olga Tjurmina
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Wolz
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zorina S. Galis
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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7
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Hazra S, Li R, Vamesu BM, Jilling T, Ballinger SW, Ambalavanan N, Kandasamy J. Mesenchymal stem cell bioenergetics and apoptosis are associated with risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely low birth weight infants. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17484. [PMID: 36261501 PMCID: PMC9582007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22478-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidant stress contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. Mitochondrial function regulates oxidant stress responses as well as pluripotency and regenerative ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) which are critical mediators of lung development. This study was conducted to test whether differences in endogenous MSC mitochondrial bioenergetics, proliferation and survival are associated with BPD risk in ELBW infants. Umbilical cord-derived MSCs of ELBW infants who later died or developed moderate/severe BPD had lower oxygen consumption and aconitase activity but higher extracellular acidification-indicative of mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidant stress-when compared to MSCs from infants who survived with no/mild BPD. Hyperoxia-exposed MSCs from infants who died or developed moderate/severe BPD also had lower PINK1 expression but higher TOM20 expression and numbers of mitochondria/cell, indicating that these cells had decreased mitophagy. Finally, these MSCs were also noted to proliferate at lower rates but undergo more apoptosis in cell cultures when compared to MSCs from infants who survived with no/mild BPD. These results indicate that mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction and mitophagy deficit induced by oxidant stress may lead to depletion of the endogenous MSC pool and subsequent disruption of lung development in ELBW infants at increased risk for BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehashis Hazra
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, 1700 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, 1700 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Bianca M Vamesu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, 1700 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Tamas Jilling
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, 1700 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Scott W Ballinger
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, USA
| | - Namasivayam Ambalavanan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, 1700 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, USA
| | - Jegen Kandasamy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, 1700 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
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8
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Sammy MJ, Connelly AW, Brown JA, Holleman C, Habegger KM, Ballinger SW. Mito-Mendelian interactions alter in vivo glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in healthy mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E521-E529. [PMID: 34370595 PMCID: PMC8560378 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00069.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of euglycemia is essential for human health with both chronic hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia having detrimental effects. It is well documented that the incidence of type 2 diabetes increases with age and exhibits racial disparity. Interestingly, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage also accumulates with age and its sequence varies with geographic maternal origins (maternal race). From these two observations, we hypothesized that mtDNA background may contribute to glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Pronuclear transfer was used to generate mitochondrial-nuclear eXchange (MNX) mice to directly test this hypothesis, by assessing physiologic parameters of glucose metabolism in nuclear isogenic C57BL/6J mice harboring either a C57BL/6J (C57n:C57mt wild type-control) or C3H/HeN mtDNA (C57n:C3Hmt-MNX). All mice were fed normal chow diets. MNX mice were significantly leaner, had lower leptin levels, and were more insulin sensitive, with lower modified Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (mHOMA-IR) values and enhanced insulin action when compared with their control counterparts. Further interrogation of muscle insulin signaling revealed higher phosphorylated Akt/total Akt ratios in MNX animals relative to control, consistent with greater insulin sensitivity. Overall, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that different mtDNA combinations on the same nuclear DNA (nDNA) background can significantly impact glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in healthy mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Different mitochondrial DNAs on the same nuclear genetic background can significantly impact body composition, glucose metabolism, and insulin sensitivity in healthy mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Sammy
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ashley W Connelly
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jamelle A Brown
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Cassie Holleman
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kirk M Habegger
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Scott W Ballinger
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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9
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Hinshaw DC, Hanna A, Lama-Sherpa T, Metge B, Kammerud SC, Benavides GA, Kumar A, Alsheikh HA, Mota M, Chen D, Ballinger SW, Rathmell JC, Ponnazhagan S, Darley-Usmar V, Samant RS, Shevde LA. Hedgehog signaling regulates metabolism and polarization of mammary tumor-associated macrophages. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5425-5437. [PMID: 34289986 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Elevated infiltration of immunosuppressive alternatively polarized (M2) macrophages is associated with poor prognosis in cancer patients. The tumor microenvironment remarkably orchestrates molecular mechanisms that program these macrophages. Here we identify a novel role for oncogenic Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in programming signature metabolic circuitries that regulate alternative polarization of tumor-associated macrophages. Two immunocompetent orthotopic mouse models of mammary tumors were used to test the effect of inhibiting Hh signaling on tumor-associated macrophages. Treatment with the pharmacological Hh inhibitor Vismodegib induced a significant shift in the profile of tumor-infiltrating macrophages. Mass spectrometry-based metabolomic analysis showed Hh inhibition induced significant alterations in metabolic processes, including metabolic sensing, mitochondrial adaptations, and lipid metabolism. In particular, inhibition of Hh in M2 macrophages reduced flux through the UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis pathway. Consequently, O-GlcNAc-modification of STAT6 decreased, mitigating the immune suppressive program of M2 macrophages, and the metabolically demanding M2 macrophages shifted their metabolism and bioenergetics from fatty acid oxidation to glycolysis. M2 macrophages enriched from Vismodegib-treated mammary tumors showed characteristically decreased O-GlcNAcylation and altered mitochondrial dynamics. These Hh-inhibited macrophages are reminiscent of inflammatory (M1) macrophages, phenotypically characterized by fragmented mitochondria. This is the first report highlighting the relevance of Hh signaling in controlling a complex metabolic network in immune cells. These data describe a novel immunometabolic function of Hh signaling that can be clinically exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Atul Kumar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | | | - Mateus Mota
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Dongquan Chen
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | | | - Jeffrey C Rathmell
- Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | | | | | | | - Lalita A Shevde
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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10
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Brown JA, Sammy MJ, Ballinger SW. An evolutionary, or "Mitocentric" perspective on cellular function and disease. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101568. [PMID: 32512469 PMCID: PMC7281786 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of common, metabolic diseases (e.g. obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes) with complex genetic etiology has been steadily increasing nationally and globally. While identification of a genetic model that explains susceptibility and risk for these diseases has been pursued over several decades, no clear paradigm has yet been found to disentangle the genetic basis of polygenic/complex disease development. Since the evolution of the eukaryotic cell involved a symbiotic interaction between the antecedents of the mitochondrion and nucleus (which itself is a genetic hybrid), we suggest that this history provides a rational basis for investigating whether genetic interaction and co-evolution of these genomes still exists. We propose that both mitochondrial and Mendelian, or "mito-Mendelian" genetics play a significant role in cell function, and thus disease risk. This paradigm contemplates the natural variation and co-evolution of both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA backgrounds on multiple mitochondrial functions that are discussed herein, including energy production, cell signaling and immune response, which collectively can influence disease development. At the nexus of these processes is the economy of mitochondrial metabolism, programmed by both mitochondrial and nuclear genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamelle A Brown
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Melissa J Sammy
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Scott W Ballinger
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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11
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Tian R, Colucci WS, Arany Z, Bachschmid MM, Ballinger SW, Boudina S, Bruce JE, Busija DW, Dikalov S, Dorn GW, Galis ZS, Gottlieb RA, Kelly DP, Kitsis RN, Kohr MJ, Levy D, Lewandowski ED, McClung JM, Mochly-Rosen D, O'Brien KD, O'Rourke B, Park JY, Ping P, Sack MN, Sheu SS, Shi Y, Shiva S, Wallace DC, Weiss RG, Vernon HJ, Wong R, Schwartz Longacre L. Unlocking the Secrets of Mitochondria in the Cardiovascular System: Path to a Cure in Heart Failure—A Report from the 2018 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop. Circulation 2020; 140:1205-1216. [PMID: 31769940 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.040551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria have emerged as a central factor in the pathogenesis and progression of heart failure, and other cardiovascular diseases, as well, but no therapies are available to treat mitochondrial dysfunction. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened a group of leading experts in heart failure, cardiovascular diseases, and mitochondria research in August 2018. These experts reviewed the current state of science and identified key gaps and opportunities in basic, translational, and clinical research focusing on the potential of mitochondria-based therapeutic strategies in heart failure. The workshop provided short- and long-term recommendations for moving the field toward clinical strategies for the prevention and treatment of heart failure and cardiovascular diseases by using mitochondria-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tian
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | - Zoltan Arany
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | | | | | - Sihem Boudina
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - James E. Bruce
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - David W. Busija
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Sergey Dikalov
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Gerald W. Dorn
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Zorina S. Galis
- National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes
of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Daniel P. Kelly
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Richard N. Kitsis
- Department of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Mark J. Kohr
- Departments of Environmental Health and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Daniel Levy
- National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes
of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | | | | | - Brian O'Rourke
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Joon-Young Park
- Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Peipei Ping
- Department of Physiology and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Michael N. Sack
- National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes
of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Shey-Shing Sheu
- Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yang Shi
- National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes
of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Douglas C. Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, PA
| | - Robert G. Weiss
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hilary J. Vernon
- Department of Genetic Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Renee Wong
- National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes
of Health, Bethesda, MD
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12
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Kandasamy J, Olave N, Ballinger SW, Ambalavanan N. Reply to Shah et al.: Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 197:1363-1364. [PMID: 29268025 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201712-2429le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nelida Olave
- 1 University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama
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13
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Fetterman JL, Sammy MJ, Ballinger SW. Mitochondrial toxicity of tobacco smoke and air pollution. Toxicology 2017; 391:18-33. [PMID: 28838641 PMCID: PMC5681398 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Fetterman
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Melissa J Sammy
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Scott W Ballinger
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States.
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14
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Kandasamy J, Olave N, Ballinger SW, Ambalavanan N. Vascular Endothelial Mitochondrial Function Predicts Death or Pulmonary Outcomes in Preterm Infants. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 196:1040-1049. [PMID: 28485984 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201702-0353oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Vascular endothelial mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of several oxidant stress-associated disorders. Oxidant stress is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease of prematurity that often leads to sequelae in adult survivors. OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to identify whether differences in mitochondrial bioenergetic function and oxidant generation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) obtained from extremely preterm infants were associated with risk for BPD or death before 36 weeks postmenstrual age. METHODS HUVEC oxygen consumption and superoxide and hydrogen peroxide generation were measured in 69 infants. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Compared with HUVECs from infants who survived without BPD, HUVECs obtained from infants who developed BPD or died had a lower maximal oxygen consumption rate (mean ± SEM, 107 ± 8 vs. 235 ± 22 pmol/min/30,000 cells; P < 0.001), produced more superoxide after exposure to hyperoxia (mean ± SEM, 89,807 ± 16,616 vs. 162,706 ± 25,321 MitoSOX Red fluorescence units; P < 0.05), and released more hydrogen peroxide into the supernatant after hyperoxia exposure (mean ± SEM, 1,879 ± 278 vs. 842 ± 119 resorufin arbitrary fluorescence units; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicating that endothelial cells of premature infants who later develop BPD or die have impaired mitochondrial bioenergetic capacity and produce more oxidants at birth suggest that the vascular endothelial mitochondrial dysfunction seen at birth in these infants persists through their postnatal life and contributes to adverse pulmonary outcomes and increased early mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Scott W Ballinger
- 2 Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Namasivayam Ambalavanan
- 1 Department of Pediatrics and.,2 Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for more morbidity and mortality worldwide than any other ailment. Strategies for reducing CVD prevalence must involve identification of individuals at high risk for these diseases, and the prevention of its initial development. Such preventive efforts are currently limited by an incomplete understanding of the genetic determinants of CVD risk. In this review, evidence for the involvement of inherited mitochondrial mutations in development of CVD is examined. RECENT FINDINGS Several forms of CVD have been documented in the presence of pathogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, both in isolation and as part of larger syndromes. Other 'natural' mtDNA polymorphisms not overtly tied to any pathology have also been associated with alterations in mitochondrial function and individual risk for CVD, but until very recently these studies have been merely correlative. Fortunately, novel animal models are now allowing investigators to define a causal relationship between inherited 'natural' mtDNA polymorphisms, and cardiovascular function and pathology. SUMMARY Cardiovascular involvement is highly prevalent among patients with pathogenic mtDNA mutations. The relationship between CVD susceptibility and 'natural' mtDNA polymorphisms requires further investigation, but will be aided in the near future by several novel experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W. Bray
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Scott W. Ballinger
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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16
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Andres AM, Tucker KC, Thomas A, Taylor DJ, Sengstock D, Jahania SM, Dabir R, Pourpirali S, Brown JA, Westbrook DG, Ballinger SW, Mentzer RM, Gottlieb RA. Mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis in atrial tissue of patients undergoing heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e89303. [PMID: 28239650 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.89303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy occurs during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and limits oxidative stress and injury. Mitochondrial turnover was assessed in patients undergoing cardiac surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Paired biopsies of right atrial appendage before initiation and after weaning from CPB were processed for protein analysis, mitochondrial DNA/nuclear DNA ratio (mtDNA:nucDNA ratio), mtDNA damage, mRNA, and polysome profiling. Mitophagy in the post-CPB samples was evidenced by decreased levels of mitophagy adapters NDP52 and optineurin in whole tissue lysate, decreased Opa1 long form, and translocation of Parkin to the mitochondrial fraction. PCR analysis of mtDNA comparing amplification of short vs. long segments of mtDNA revealed increased damage following cardiac surgery. Surprisingly, a marked increase in several mitochondria-specific protein markers and mtDNA:nucDNA ratio was observed, consistent with increased mitochondrial biogenesis. mRNA analysis suggested that mitochondrial biogenesis was traniscription independent and likely driven by increased translation of existing mRNAs. These findings demonstrate in humans that both mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis occur during cardiac surgery involving CPB. We suggest that mitophagy is balanced by mitochondrial biogenesis during I/R stress experienced during surgery. Mitigating mtDNA damage and elucidating mechanisms regulating mitochondrial turnover will lead to interventions to improve outcome after I/R in the setting of heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen M Andres
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kyle C Tucker
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Reza Dabir
- Beaumont Hospital - Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Jamelle A Brown
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - David G Westbrook
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Scott W Ballinger
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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17
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Fetterman JL, Holbrook M, Westbrook DG, Brown JA, Feeley KP, Bretón-Romero R, Linder EA, Berk BD, Weisbrod RM, Widlansky ME, Gokce N, Ballinger SW, Hamburg NM. Mitochondrial DNA damage and vascular function in patients with diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:53. [PMID: 27036979 PMCID: PMC4818501 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0372-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prior studies demonstrate mitochondrial dysfunction with increased reactive oxygen species generation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in diabetes mellitus. Oxidative stress-mediated damage to mitochondrial DNA promotes atherosclerosis in animal models. Thus, we evaluated the relation of mitochondrial DNA damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells s with vascular function in patients with diabetes mellitus and with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. APPROACH AND RESULTS We assessed non-invasive vascular function and mitochondrial DNA damage in 275 patients (age 57 ± 9 years, 60 % women) with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease alone (N = 55), diabetes mellitus alone (N = 74), combined atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus (N = 48), and controls age >45 without diabetes mellitus or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (N = 98). Mitochondrial DNA damage measured by quantitative PCR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was higher with clinical atherosclerosis alone (0.55 ± 0.65), diabetes mellitus alone (0.65 ± 1.0), and combined clinical atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus (0.89 ± 1.32) as compared to control subjects (0.23 ± 0.64, P < 0.0001). In multivariable models adjusting for age, sex, and relevant cardiovascular risk factors, clinical atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus remained associated with higher mitochondrial DNA damage levels (β = 0.14 ± 0.13, P = 0.04 and β = 0.21 ± 0.13, P = 0.002, respectively). Higher mitochondrial DNA damage was associated with higher baseline pulse amplitude, a measure of arterial pulsatility, but not with flow-mediated dilation or hyperemic response, measures of vasodilator function. CONCLUSIONS We found greater mitochondrial DNA damage in patients with diabetes mellitus and clinical atherosclerosis. The association of mitochondrial DNA damage and baseline pulse amplitude may suggest a link between mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive small artery pulsatility with potentially adverse microvascular impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Fetterman
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, E-784, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Monica Holbrook
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, E-784, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - David G Westbrook
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jamelle A Brown
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kyle P Feeley
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rosa Bretón-Romero
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, E-784, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Erika A Linder
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, E-784, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Brittany D Berk
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, E-784, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Robert M Weisbrod
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, E-784, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Michael E Widlansky
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Noyan Gokce
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, E-784, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Scott W Ballinger
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Naomi M Hamburg
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, E-784, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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18
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Feeley KP, Bray AW, Westbrook DG, Johnson LW, Kesterson RA, Ballinger SW, Welch DR. Mitochondrial Genetics Regulate Breast Cancer Tumorigenicity and Metastatic Potential. Cancer Res 2016; 75:4429-36. [PMID: 26471915 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Current paradigms of carcinogenic risk suggest that genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors influence an individual's predilection for developing metastatic breast cancer. Investigations of tumor latency and metastasis in mice have illustrated differences between inbred strains, but the possibility that mitochondrial genetic inheritance may contribute to such differences in vivo has not been directly tested. In this study, we tested this hypothesis in mitochondrial-nuclear exchange mice we generated, where cohorts shared identical nuclear backgrounds but different mtDNA genomes on the background of the PyMT transgenic mouse model of spontaneous mammary carcinoma. In this setting, we found that primary tumor latency and metastasis segregated with mtDNA, suggesting that mtDNA influences disease progression to a far greater extent than previously appreciated. Our findings prompt further investigation into metabolic differences controlled by mitochondrial process as a basis for understanding tumor development and metastasis in individual subjects. Importantly, differences in mitochondrial DNA are sufficient to fundamentally alter disease course in the PyMT mouse mammary tumor model, suggesting that functional metabolic differences direct early tumor growth and metastatic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle P Feeley
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Alexander W Bray
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David G Westbrook
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Larry W Johnson
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Robert A Kesterson
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Scott W Ballinger
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Danny R Welch
- Department of Cancer Biology and The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.
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19
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Krzywanski DM, Moellering DR, Westbrook DG, Dunham-Snary KJ, Brown J, Bray AW, Feeley KP, Sammy MJ, Smith MR, Schurr TG, Vita JA, Ambalavanan N, Calhoun D, Dell'Italia L, Ballinger SW. Endothelial Cell Bioenergetics and Mitochondrial DNA Damage Differ in Humans Having African or West Eurasian Maternal Ancestry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 9:26-36. [PMID: 26787433 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.115.001308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesized that endothelial cells having distinct mitochondrial genetic backgrounds would show variation in mitochondrial function and oxidative stress markers concordant with known differential cardiovascular disease susceptibilities. To test this hypothesis, mitochondrial bioenergetics were determined in endothelial cells from healthy individuals with African versus European maternal ancestries. METHODS AND RESULTS Bioenergetics and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage were assessed in single-donor human umbilical vein endothelial cells belonging to mtDNA haplogroups H and L, representing West Eurasian and African maternal ancestries, respectively. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells from haplogroup L used less oxygen for ATP production and had increased levels of mtDNA damage compared with those in haplogroup H. Differences in bioenergetic capacity were also observed in that human umbilical vein endothelial cells belonging to haplogroup L had decreased maximal bioenergetic capacities compared with haplogroup H. Analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from age-matched healthy controls with West Eurasian or African maternal ancestries showed that haplogroups sharing an A to G mtDNA mutation at nucleotide pair 10398 had increased mtDNA damage compared with those lacking this mutation. Further study of angiographically proven patients with coronary artery disease and age-matched healthy controls revealed that mtDNA damage was associated with vascular function and remodeling and that age of disease onset was later in individuals from haplogroups lacking the A to G mutation at nucleotide pair 10398. CONCLUSIONS Differences in mitochondrial bioenergetics and mtDNA damage associated with maternal ancestry may contribute to endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Krzywanski
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - Douglas R Moellering
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - David G Westbrook
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - Kimberly J Dunham-Snary
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - Jamelle Brown
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - Alexander W Bray
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - Kyle P Feeley
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - Melissa J Sammy
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - Matthew R Smith
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - Theodore G Schurr
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - Joseph A Vita
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - Namasivayam Ambalavanan
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - David Calhoun
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - Louis Dell'Italia
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - Scott W Ballinger
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.).
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Kesterson RA, Johnson LW, Lambert LJ, Vivian JL, Welch DR, Ballinger SW. Generation of Mitochondrial-nuclear eXchange Mice via Pronuclear Transfer. Bio Protoc 2016; 6:e1976. [PMID: 27840835 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.1976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial paradigm for common disease proposes that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence variation can contribute to disease susceptibility and progression. To test this concept, we developed the Mitochondrial-nuclear eXchange (MNX) model, in which isolated embryonic pronuclei from one strain of species are implanted into an enucleated embryo of a different strain of the same species (e.g., C57BL/6 and C3H/HeN, Mus musculus), generating a re-constructed zygote harboring nuclear and mitochondrial genomes from different strains. Two-cell embryos are transferred to the ostia of oviducts in CD-1 pseudopregnant mice and developed to term. Nuclear genotype and mtDNA haplotype are verified in offspring, and females selected as founders for desired MNX colonies. By utilizing MNX models, many new avenues for the in vivo study for mitochondrial and nuclear genetics, or mito-Mendelian genetics, are now possible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larry W Johnson
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, USA
| | - Laura J Lambert
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, USA
| | - Jay L Vivian
- Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA
| | - Danny R Welch
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, USA
| | - Scott W Ballinger
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, USA
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott W Ballinger
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Brinker AE, Vivian CJ, Feeley KP, Ballinger SW, Welch DR. Abstract 3262: Mitochondrial haplotype effects on tumor formation and metastasis are both cell autonomous and non-cell autonomous. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-3262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Increasing data support roles for mitochondrial genomes in complex diseases, including cancer. We hypothesize that primary tumor formation and metastasis can arise from inherited mitochondrial differences. To test directly the role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in mammary cancer tumorigenicity and metastasis, we generated Mitochondrial Nuclear Exchange (MNX) mice. This unique animal model is created by moving the nucleus from an oocyte of one strain into an enucleated oocyte of a different strain. By exchanging the nucleus of mouse strains promoting or inhibiting metastatic efficiency, mtDNA effects can be distinguished from phenotypes which would occur due to nuclear admixing. To determine if a change in the mtDNA background impacts metastasis in a cell autonomous manner, two FVB transgenic mouse strains encoding either Her2 or PyMT oncogenes were crossed with MNX mice with FVB nuclear DNA and mtDNA from either BALB/cJ or C57BL6J strains. The mtDNA were chosen because of higher or lower metastatic efficiency, respectively (PMID9679770, PMID16491073). Latency of mammary tumor formation in MNX mice with C57BL/6 mtDNA is longer for both Her2 and PyMT. Lung metastases are smaller in C57BL6 but larger in BALB/c MNX crosses with the PyMT. Studies measuring metastasis efficiency in the MNX crosses with Her2 are still in progress. To determine whether the mitochondrial haplotype alters tumorigenicity or metastasis in a non-cell autonomous manner, syngeneic tumor cells were injected orthotopically and ectopically (i.v.). Tumor formation and metastasis differ in a tumor and mtDNA-dependent manner. For example, E0771 forms significantly more lung metastases in C57BL/6n:C3H/HeNmt mice compared to controls. To explore underlying mechanisms, metabolic differences were observed in MNX and matched wild type mouse embryonic fibroblasts using the Seahorse bioanalyzer. Conclusion: mtDNA affects mammary cancer development and progression via both genetic and non-cell autonomous mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment. Support: Susan G. Komen for the Cure (SAC11037), Natl Fndn Cancer Res, Steiner Family Fund for Metastasis Research, Kansas Bioscience Authority, CA134981, P30-CA168524
Citation Format: Amanda E. Brinker, Carolyn J. Vivian, Kyle P. Feeley, Scott W. Ballinger, Danny R. Welch. Mitochondrial haplotype effects on tumor formation and metastasis are both cell autonomous and non-cell autonomous. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3262. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3262
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Liu W, Beck B, Vaidya KS, Nash KT, Ballinger SW, Welch DR. Abstract 126: The KISS1 metastasis suppressor appears to integrate glycolysis, mitochondrial biogenesis and metastasis via regulation of a PGC1α pathway. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Considering the enormous energy requirements and stresses of the metastatic cascade, an interrelationship with aerobic glycolysis seems intuitive, but has not been definitively established. The purpose of these studies was to determine whether there is a relationship between KISS1 metastasis suppression and metabolism. Wild-type KISS1 expressed in human melanoma cells were metastasis suppressed and took up less glucose and produced less lactate, corresponding to higher pH[Ex]. Metabolism and metastasis changes did not occur when KISS1 was missing the secretion signal peptide (ΔSS). Changes in glucose transport and key glycolytic enzymes did not consistently correlate with metabolic changes; however, V-ATPase, which promotes extracellular acidification, invasion and metastasis, appears to be involved in KISS1-mediated metabolic changes. Also corresponding with the shift from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, KISS1-expressing cells have 30-50% more mitochondrial mass accompanied increased higher expression of PPARγ co-activator 1α (PGC1α), a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. PGC1α-mediated downstream pathways (i.e. fatty acid synthesis and β-oxidation) are differentially regulated by KISS1, apparently reliant upon direct KISS1 interaction with Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1 (NRF1), a major transcription factor involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. KISS1 does not affect PGC1α mRNA expression but stabilizes the protein through interaction with the ubiquitin-like protein, UBQLN1. To test whether a KISS1- PGC1α axis is critical for metastasis suppressor function, shRNA to KISS1 or PGC1α was introduced into KISS1-expressing cells. Metabolic changes and suppression of invasion and migration were reversed. Importantly, knock-down of PGC1α abolished KISS1-mediated metastasis suppression in vivo, strongly suggesting that PGC1α is an essential downstream mediator of KISS1 as a metastasis suppressor. Taken together, these data define a novel signaling pathway controlling metabolism and metastasis. Moreover, these data appear to directly connect changes in aerobic glycolysis, mitochondrial metabolism, and cancer metastasis.
Citation Format: Wen Liu, Benjamin Beck, Kedar S. Vaidya, Kevin T. Nash, Scott W. Ballinger, Danny R. Welch. The KISS1 metastasis suppressor appears to integrate glycolysis, mitochondrial biogenesis and metastasis via regulation of a PGC1α pathway. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 126. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-126
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- 1University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS
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Feeley KP, Bray AW, Fetterman JL, Westbrook DG, Johnson LW, Kesterson RA, Welch DR, Ballinger SW. Abstract 4326: Mitochondrial genetics and cellular metabolism regulate tumorigenicity and metastatic potential. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-4326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Current paradigms of carcinogenic risk suggest that genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors combine to influence an individual's predilection for breast cancer and related metastatic tumor formation. The genetic component, in particular, has become the focus of many emergent studies. A renewed focus on cancer metabolism and the Warburg Effect has similarly cast a spotlight on the role, if any, of the mitochondrion in directing disease progression. Analysis of the direct contribution of mitochondrial DNA on tumorigenicity is made possible through the use of mitochondrial-nuclear exchange (MNX) mice in which nuclei from normal FVB mice (the background strain of the tg: MMTV-PyMT) were transferred onto cytoplasms containing C57BL/6 or BALB/c mitochondria. Crossing male FVB:tg:MMTV:PyMT mice with FVB(nDNA)C57BL/6(mtDNA) or FVB(nDNA)BALB/c(mtDNA) females maintained nuclear FVB nDNA and takes advantage of maternal inheritance of mtDNA. These PyMT transgene positive female progeny are then scored for primary tumor onset and pulmonary metastatic density. Present data indicate primary tumor latency segregating by mitochondrial DNA as PyMT-FVB wild-type animals develop primary tumors in 57 days compared to PyMT-FVB(n)C57BL/6(mt) which develop primary tumors in 65 days and PyMT-FVB(n)BALB/c(mt) animals having detectable tumors in 52 days. One group of animals were aged 40 days following primary tumor detection and a second group were sacrificed when aged to 70 days, allowing for evaluation of metastatic severity and confirmation of differential primary tumor growth, respectively. This work hypothesizes that the pre-existent “normal” mitochondrial haplotype harbored by an individual conveys risk in determining tumor latency and metastatic susceptibility. Furthermore, these changes in susceptibility will be accompanied by altered mitochondrial functional characteristics that can be attributed to differences in mitochondrial haplotype. To address those mitochondrial differences, primary mammary epithelial cells were isolated from resected tumors which were then assessed for Complex I and Complex IV activity. In addition, isolated mammary epithelial cells from tumor and healthy animals had bioenergetic profiles generated using the Seahorse XF24 analyzer. Markers of ROS production will also be assessed as they too have been implicated increasingly frequently in cancer aggressiveness.
Citation Format: Kyle P. Feeley, Alexander W. Bray, Jessica L. Fetterman, David G. Westbrook, Larry W. Johnson, Robert A. Kesterson, Danny R. Welch, Scott W. Ballinger. Mitochondrial genetics and cellular metabolism regulate tumorigenicity and metastatic potential. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4326. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4326
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Welch DR, Liu W, Feeley KP, Ballinger SW. Abstract SY20-03: Nuclear-mitochondrial cross-talk: A key determinant of cancer metastasis. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-sy20-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Despite the well known energy requirements and stresses of metastasis, the relationships between metabolism, mitochondrial genetics and metastasis are still underdeveloped. Two lines of investigation point to more intimate involvement of mtDNA than is widely appreciated. First, recent data demonstrate that the metastasis suppressor KISS1 essentially reverses the so-called Warburg Effect by regulating mitochondrial biogenesis. KISS1 re-expression results in higher pH[Ex] due to reduced lactate secretion concomitant with reduced glycolysis and a shift toward oxidative phosphorylation. KISS1-expressing cells have 30-50% more mitochondrial mass, which appears to be due to higher expression of PPARγ co-activator 1α (PGC1α), a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. shRNA-mediated knockdown of KISS1 and PGC1α establish a pathway between these molecules, mitochondrial biogenesis and metastatic potential. Second, genetic crosses with a newly described MNX (mitochondrial-nuclear exchange) mice suggest that mitochondrial polymorphisms (haplotypes) may control susceptibility to metastasis. Transgenic FVB/N-tg:MMTV-PyMT which spontaneously develop mammary tumors and lung metastasis with high penetrance were crossed with female MNX mice having the same nuclear background (FVB - wild-type) but with C57BL/6 and BALB/c mitochondrial backgrounds. Using this strategy, the mtDNA contributions to metastasis can be discriminated. Results demonstrate that tumor and metastasis incidence do not appear to be significantly different. However, metastasis size is greatly affected. Taken together, these data strongly support the concept that mitochondrial-nuclear cross-talk is a more significant determinant of metastasis than generally appreciated. SUPPORT: NCI-CA134981; Natl Fndn Cancer Res, Susan G. Komen SAC11037, Hall Family Fndn, KS Bioscience Auth.
Citation Format: Danny R. Welch, Wen Liu, Kyle P. Feeley, Scott W. Ballinger. Nuclear-mitochondrial cross-talk: A key determinant of cancer metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr SY20-03. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-SY20-03
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wen Liu
- 1University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS
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Allison DB, Antoine LH, Ballinger SW, Bamman MM, Biga P, Darley-Usmar VM, Fisher G, Gohlke JM, Halade GV, Hartman JL, Hunter GR, Messina JL, Nagy TR, Plaisance EP, Powell ML, Roth KA, Sandel MW, Schwartz TS, Smith DL, Sweatt JD, Tollefsbol TO, Watts SA, Yang Y, Zhang J, Austad SN. Aging and energetics' 'Top 40' future research opportunities 2010-2013. F1000Res 2014; 3:219. [PMID: 25324965 PMCID: PMC4197746 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.5212.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As part of a coordinated effort to expand our research activity at the interface of Aging and Energetics a team of investigators at The University of Alabama at Birmingham systematically assayed and catalogued the top research priorities identified in leading publications in that domain, believing the result would be useful to the scientific community at large. OBJECTIVE To identify research priorities and opportunities in the domain of aging and energetics as advocated in the 40 most cited papers related to aging and energetics in the last 4 years. DESIGN The investigators conducted a search for papers on aging and energetics in Scopus, ranked the resulting papers by number of times they were cited, and selected the ten most-cited papers in each of the four years that include 2010 to 2013, inclusive. RESULTS Ten research categories were identified from the 40 papers. These included: (1) Calorie restriction (CR) longevity response, (2) role of mTOR (mechanistic target of Rapamycin) and related factors in lifespan extension, (3) nutrient effects beyond energy (especially resveratrol, omega-3 fatty acids, and selected amino acids), 4) autophagy and increased longevity and health, (5) aging-associated predictors of chronic disease, (6) use and effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), (7) telomeres relative to aging and energetics, (8) accretion and effects of body fat, (9) the aging heart, and (10) mitochondria, reactive oxygen species, and cellular energetics. CONCLUSION The field is rich with exciting opportunities to build upon our existing knowledge about the relations among aspects of aging and aspects of energetics and to better understand the mechanisms which connect them.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B. Allison
- Office of Energetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Lisa H. Antoine
- Office of Energetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Scott W. Ballinger
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Marcas M. Bamman
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, & Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, USA
| | - Peggy Biga
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Victor M. Darley-Usmar
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Gordon Fisher
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Julia M. Gohlke
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Ganesh V. Halade
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Medicine – Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - John L. Hartman
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Gary R. Hunter
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Joseph L. Messina
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, USA
| | - Tim R. Nagy
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Eric P. Plaisance
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Mickie L. Powell
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Kevin A. Roth
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Michael W. Sandel
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Tonia S. Schwartz
- School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Daniel L. Smith
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - J. David Sweatt
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Trygve O. Tollefsbol
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Stephen A. Watts
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Yongbin Yang
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Steven N. Austad
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
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Feeley KP, Westbrook DG, Bray AW, Ballinger SW. An ex-vivo model for evaluating bioenergetics in aortic rings. Redox Biol 2014; 2:1003-7. [PMID: 25460736 PMCID: PMC4215468 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and it exhibits a greatly increasing incidence proportional to aging. Atherosclerosis is a chronic condition of arterial hardening resulting in restriction of oxygen delivery and blood flow to the heart. Relationships between mitochondrial DNA damage, oxidant production, and early atherogenesis have been recently established and it is likely that aspects of atherosclerotic risk are metabolic in nature. Here we present a novel method through which mitochondrial bioenergetics can be assessed from whole aorta tissue. This method does not require mitochondrial isolation or cell culture and it allows for multiple technical replicates and expedient measurement. This procedure facilitates quantitative bioenergetic analysis and can provide great utility in better understanding the link between mitochondria, metabolism, and atherogenesis. Cardiovascular disease is a primary cause of mortality and morbidity in developed societies. Atherosclerosis is a common cause of cardiovascular disease, and manifests in the vasculature. Mitochondrial damage has been linked to the early events of atherogenesis; therefore an improved means for assessing mitochondrial function in vascular tissues is of interest. Current bioenergetics methods in vascular tissues are limited to transformed or cultured primary cells, or alternatively, isolated preparations of mitochondria. A novel method for ex vivo ascertainment of mitochondrial bioenergetics in aortic tissue is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle P Feeley
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - David G Westbrook
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Alexander W Bray
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Scott W Ballinger
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Feeley KP, Bray AW, Fetterman JL, Westbrook DG, Johnson LW, Kesterson RA, Welch DR, Ballinger SW. Abstract A090: Mitochondrial genetics in the regulation of tumorigenicity and metastatic potential. Mol Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3125.advbc-a090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Current paradigms of carcinogenic risk suggest that genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors combine to influence an individual's predilection for breast cancer and related metastatic tumor formation. The genetic component, in particular, has become the focus of emergent studies which have determined a role for nuclear genetic differences directing breast cancer susceptibility. Studies examining tumor latency and metastatic formation in mice have demonstrated clear differences between inbred strains. However, these studies fail to exclude the possibility that mitochondrial genetic inheritance is responsible for the observed changes in tumor onset and metastatic spread due to maternal inheritance of the mitochondrial genome. Although mitochondrial mutations within the tumor cell have recently been implicated as contributing to metastatic potential, studies have not directly addressed the effects of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) background of the host on disease susceptibility. This work hypothesizes that the pre-existent “normal” mitochondrial haplotype harbored by an individual conveys risk in determining tumor latency and metastatic susceptibility. Furthermore, these changes in susceptibility will be accompanied by altered mitochondrial functional characteristics that can be attributed to differences in mitochondrial haplotype. Analysis of the direct contribution of mitochondrial DNA on tumorigenicity is made possible through the use of mitochondrial-nuclear exchange (MNX) mice in which nuclei from normal FVB mice (the background strain of the tg: MMTV-PyMT) were transferred onto cytoplasms containing C57BL/6 or BALB/c mitochondria. Crossing male FVB:tg:MMTV:PyMT mice with FVB(nDNA)C57BL/6(mtDNA) or FBV(nDNA)BALB/c(mtDNA) females maintained nuclear FVB nDNA and takes advantage of maternal inheritance of mtDNA. Present data indicate primary tumor latency segregating by mitochondrial DNA as PyMT-FVB wild-type animals develop primary tumors in 57 days compared to PyMT-FVB(n)C57BL/6(mt) which develop primary tumors in 65 days. Bioenergetic analyses using the Seahorse XF-24 as well as electron transport complex enzymatic assays will be conducted to more precisely delineate the functional metabolic differences contributing to altered tumorigenicity. MNX crosses suggest that cross-talk between mtDNA and nDNA has a greater influence on metastasis than previously appreciated and that mtDNA may be used clinically to improve patient prognosis.
Citation Format: Kyle P. Feeley, Alexander W. Bray, Jessica L. Fetterman, David G. Westbrook, Larry W. Johnson, Robert A. Kesterson, Danny R. Welch, Scott W. Ballinger. Mitochondrial genetics in the regulation of tumorigenicity and metastatic potential. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Breast Cancer Research: Genetics, Biology, and Clinical Applications; Oct 3-6, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2013;11(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A090.
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Dunham-Snary KJ, Sandel MW, Westbrook DG, Ballinger SW. A method for assessing mitochondrial bioenergetics in whole white adipose tissues. Redox Biol 2014; 2:656-60. [PMID: 24936439 PMCID: PMC4052527 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a primary risk factor for numerous metabolic diseases including metabolic syndrome, type II diabetes (T2DM), cardiovascular disease and cancer. Although classically viewed as a storage organ, the field of white adipose tissue biology is expanding to include the consideration of the tissue as an endocrine organ and major contributor to overall metabolism. Given its role in energy production, the mitochondrion has long been a focus of study in metabolic dysfunction and a link between the organelle and white adipose tissue function is likely. Herein, we present a novel method for assessing mitochondrial bioenergetics from whole white adipose tissue. This method requires minimal manipulation of tissue, and eliminates the need for cell isolation and culture. Additionally, this method overcomes some of the limitations to working with transformed and/or isolated primary cells and allows for results to be obtained more expediently. In addition to the novel method, we present a comprehensive statistical analysis of bioenergetic data as well as guidelines for outlier analysis. Obesity and metabolic disease affect 1/3 of the US population; incidence is rising. WAT is emerging as an endocrine organ and major contributor to metabolism. The relationship between mitochondria and white adipose tissue needs to be explored. Current bioenergetics methods are limited to transformed or cultured primary cells. A novel method for tissue preparation, data acquisition and analysis is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Dunham-Snary
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Michael W Sandel
- Department of Biostatistics, Section on Statistical Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - David G Westbrook
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Scott W Ballinger
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
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Liu W, Beck BH, Vaidya KS, Nash KT, Feeley KP, Ballinger SW, Pounds KM, Denning WL, Diers AR, Landar A, Dhar A, Iwakuma T, Welch DR. Metastasis suppressor KISS1 seems to reverse the Warburg effect by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis. Cancer Res 2013; 74:954-63. [PMID: 24351292 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells tend to utilize aerobic glycolysis even under normoxic conditions, commonly called the "Warburg effect." Aerobic glycolysis often directly correlates with malignancy, but its purpose, if any, in metastasis remains unclear. When wild-type KISS1 metastasis suppressor is expressed, aerobic glycolysis decreases and oxidative phosphorylation predominates. However, when KISS1 is missing the secretion signal peptide (ΔSS), invasion and metastasis are no longer suppressed and cells continue to metabolize using aerobic glycolysis. KISS1-expressing cells have 30% to 50% more mitochondrial mass than ΔSS-expressing cells, which are accompanied by correspondingly increased mitochondrial gene expression and higher expression of PGC1α, a master coactivator that regulates mitochondrial mass and metabolism. PGC1α-mediated downstream pathways (i.e., fatty acid synthesis and β-oxidation) are differentially regulated by KISS1, apparently reliant upon direct KISS1 interaction with NRF1, a major transcription factor involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. Since the downstream effects could be reversed using short hairpin RNA to KISS1 or PGC1α, these data appear to directly connect changes in mitochondria mass, cellular glucose metabolism, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cancer Biology; The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and Department of Pathology, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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31
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Dunham-Snary KJ, Ballinger SW. Mitochondrial genetics and obesity: evolutionary adaptation and contemporary disease susceptibility. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:1229-1237. [PMID: 24075923 PMCID: PMC3859699 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a leading risk factor for a variety of metabolic diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Although in its simplest terms, obesity may be thought of as a consequence of excessive caloric intake and sedentary lifestyle, it is also evident that individual propensity for weight gain can vary. The etiology of individual susceptibility to obesity seems to be complex-involving a combination of environmental-genetic interactions. Herein, we suggest that the mitochondrion plays a major role in influencing individual susceptibility to this disease via mitochondrial-nuclear interaction processes and that environmentally influenced selection events for mitochondrial function that conveyed increased reproductive and survival success during the global establishment of human populations during prehistoric times can influence individual susceptibility to weight gain and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Dunham-Snary
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Scott W Ballinger
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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32
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Fetterman JL, Pompilius M, Westbrook DG, Uyeminami D, Brown J, Pinkerton KE, Ballinger SW. Developmental exposure to second-hand smoke increases adult atherogenesis and alters mitochondrial DNA copy number and deletions in apoE(-/-) mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66835. [PMID: 23825571 PMCID: PMC3692512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. While many studies have focused upon the effects of adult second-hand smoke exposure on cardiovascular disease development, disease development occurs over decades and is likely influenced by childhood exposure. The impacts of in utero versus neonatal second-hand smoke exposure on adult atherosclerotic disease development are not known. The objective of the current study was to determine the effects of in utero versus neonatal exposure to a low dose (1 mg/m(3) total suspended particulate) of second-hand smoke on adult atherosclerotic lesion development using the apolipoprotein E null mouse model. Consequently, apolipoprotein E null mice were exposed to either filtered air or second-hand smoke: (i) in utero from gestation days 1-19, or (ii) from birth until 3 weeks of age (neonatal). Subsequently, all animals were exposed to filtered air and sacrificed at 12-14 weeks of age. Oil red-O staining of whole aortas, measures of mitochondrial damage, and oxidative stress were performed. Results show that both in utero and neonatal second-hand smoke exposure significantly increased adult atherogenesis in mice compared to filtered air controls. These changes were associated with changes in aconitase and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase activities consistent with increased oxidative stress in the aorta, changes in mitochondrial DNA copy number and deletion levels. These studies show that in utero or neonatal exposure to second-hand smoke significantly influences adult atherosclerotic lesion development and results in significant alterations to the mitochondrion and its genome that may contribute to atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Fetterman
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Melissa Pompilius
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - David G. Westbrook
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Dale Uyeminami
- University of California at Davis, Center for Health and Environment, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jamelle Brown
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Kent E. Pinkerton
- University of California at Davis, Center for Health and Environment, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Scott W. Ballinger
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, 535 BMR2, 1720 2nd Ave S, Birmingham
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33
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Chacko BK, Kramer PA, Ravi S, Johnson MS, Hardy RW, Ballinger SW, Darley-Usmar VM. Methods for defining distinct bioenergetic profiles in platelets, lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils, and the oxidative burst from human blood. J Transl Med 2013; 93:690-700. [PMID: 23528848 PMCID: PMC3674307 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2013.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and platelets have long been recognized as having the potential to act as sensitive markers for mitochondrial dysfunction in a broad range of pathological conditions. However, the bioenergetic function of these cells has not been examined from the same donors, yet this is important for the selection of cell types for translational studies. Here, we demonstrate the measurement of cellular bioenergetics in isolated human monocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets, including the oxidative burst from neutrophils and monocytes from individual donors. With the exception of neutrophils, all cell types tested exhibited oxygen consumption that could be ascribed to oxidative phosphorylation with each having a distinct bioenergetic profile and distribution of respiratory chain proteins. In marked contrast, neutrophils were essentially unresponsive to mitochondrial respiratory inhibitors indicating that they have a minimal requirement for oxidative phosphorylation. In monocytes and neutrophils, we demonstrate the stimulation of the oxidative burst using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and its validation in normal human subjects. Taken together, these data suggest that selection of cell type from blood cells is critical for assessing bioenergetic dysfunction and redox biology in translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balu K Chacko
- Department of Pathology, UAB Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Philip A Kramer
- Department of Pathology, UAB Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Saranya Ravi
- Department of Pathology, UAB Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Michelle S Johnson
- Department of Pathology, UAB Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Robert W Hardy
- Department of Pathology, UAB Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Scott W Ballinger
- Department of Pathology, UAB Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Victor M Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, UAB Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA,Department of Pathology, UAB Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Biomedical Research Building II, 901 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. E-mail:
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Liu W, Beck BH, Vaidya KS, Nash KT, Diers AR, Feeley KP, Landar A, Ballinger SW, Welch DR. Abstract 3866: The KISS1 metastasis suppressor appears to reverse the Warburg effect by enhancing mitochondria biogenesis. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-3866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cancer cells tend to utilize aerobic glycolysis even under normoxic conditions, which is commonly called the “Warburg Effect.” Aerobic glycolysis often directly correlates with malignant potential. Though its purpose remains unclear, the “Warburg Effect” is thought to confer advantages to proliferation, survival and dissemination to cancer cells by increasing uptake of nutrients into biomass. KISS1 protein is secreted and proteolytically cleaved into kisspeptins (KP) that block the colonization of disseminated metastatic C8161.9 human melanoma cells at secondary sites. In this study, we hypothesized that KISS1 metastasis suppression occurs via regulation of aerobic glycolysis. Comparison of bioenergetic and metabolic aspects of glucose metabolism showed that all KISS1-secreting clones were less invasive, took up less glucose, produced less lactate which corresponds to higher pH[Ex], effects which were reversed when cells were transduced with shRNA to KISS1. The metabolism, invasion, and metastasis changes did not occur when KISS1 was missing the signal peptide (ΔSS). Utilizing a Seahorse bioanalyzer, KISS1, but not ΔSS cells showed significantly decreased extracellular acidification rates, increased O2 consumption and elevated mitochondria reserve capacity, an indicator of mitochondrial condition and a parameter thought to improve the cells’ ability to cope with oxidative stress. KISS1-expressing cells have 30-50% more mitochondria compared to vector or ΔSS-expressing cells. Increased mitochondrial mass was accompanied by significantly increased expression of mitochondrial genes involved in apoptosis and mitophagy, protein processing and trafficking. Increased mitochondrial mass correlated with higher PGC1α considered to be a master co-activator that regulates mitochondrial mass and metabolism. Interestingly, KISS1 differentially affects PGC1α-mediated downstream pathways, i.e. fatty acid synthesis and β-oxidation. KISS1-mediated up-regulation of mitochondria biogenesis appears to rely on KISS1 interaction with NRF1, a major transcription factor of mitochondria biogenesis. KP10 (which can activate the KISS1 receptor) does not alter pH[Ex] since the metastatic tumor cells do not express KISS1R. This paradox - metastasis and metabolic changes require secretion, but responding cells do not have the receptor - raises questions regarding the mechanism. Nonetheless, these data appear to directly connect changes in mitochondria mass, cellular glucose metabolism and metastasis. [Support: CA134581, Natl. Fndn. Cancer Res., Komen SAC110037].
Citation Format: Wen Liu, Benjamin H. Beck, Kedar S. Vaidya, Kevin T. Nash, Anne R. Diers, Kyle P. Feeley, Aimee Landar, Scott W. Ballinger, Danny R. Welch. The KISS1 metastasis suppressor appears to reverse the Warburg effect by enhancing mitochondria biogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3866. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3866
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- 1University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS
| | | | | | - Kevin T. Nash
- 1University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Anne R. Diers
- 1University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS
| | | | - Aimee Landar
- 2University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Krzywanski DM, Moellering DR, Fetterman JL, Dunham-Snary KJ, Sammy MJ, Ballinger SW. The mitochondrial paradigm for cardiovascular disease susceptibility and cellular function: a complementary concept to Mendelian genetics. J Transl Med 2011; 91:1122-35. [PMID: 21647091 PMCID: PMC3654682 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2011.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While there is general agreement that cardiovascular disease (CVD) development is influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, and behavioral contributors, the actual mechanistic basis of how these factors initiate or promote CVD development in some individuals while others with identical risk profiles do not, is not clearly understood. This review considers the potential role for mitochondrial genetics and function in determining CVD susceptibility from the standpoint that the original features that molded cellular function were based upon mitochondrial-nuclear relationships established millions of years ago and were likely refined during prehistoric environmental selection events that today, are largely absent. Consequently, contemporary risk factors that influence our susceptibility to a variety of age-related diseases, including CVD were probably not part of the dynamics that defined the processes of mitochondrial-nuclear interaction, and thus, cell function. In this regard, the selective conditions that contributed to cellular functionality and evolution should be given more consideration when interpreting and designing experimental data and strategies. Finally, future studies that probe beyond epidemiologic associations are required. These studies will serve as the initial steps for addressing the provocative concept that contemporary human disease susceptibility is the result of selection events for mitochondrial function that increased chances for prehistoric human survival and reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Krzywanski
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Harrison CM, Pompilius M, Pinkerton KE, Ballinger SW. Mitochondrial oxidative stress significantly influences atherogenic risk and cytokine-induced oxidant production. Environ Health Perspect 2011; 119:676-681. [PMID: 21169125 PMCID: PMC3094420 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors contributes to disease development. However, less is known whether specific subcellular components play a role in disease susceptibility. In this regard, it has been previously reported that vascular mitochondrial damage and dysfunction are associated with atherosclerosis. However, no studies have determined whether altered mitochondrial oxidant production directly influences atherogenic susceptibility and response in primary cells to atherogenic factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). OBJECTIVES We undertook this study to determine whether increased mitochondrial oxidant production affects atherosclerotic lesion development associated with CVD risk factor exposure and endothelial cell response to TNF-α. METHODS We assessed atherosclerotic lesion formation, oxidant stress, and mitochondrial DNA damage in male apolipoprotein E (apoE)-null mice with normal and decreased levels of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2; apoE(-/-) and apoE(-/-), SOD2(+/-), respectively) exposed to environmental tobacco smoke or filtered air. RESULTS Atherogenesis, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial damage were significantly higher in apoE(-/-), SOD2(+/-) mice than in apoE(-/-) controls. Furthermore, experiments with small interfering RNA in endothelial cells revealed that decreased SOD2 activity increased TNF-α-mediated cellular oxidant levels compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Endogenous mitochondrial oxidative stress is an important CVD risk factor that can modulate atherogenesis and cytokine-induced endothelial cell oxidant generation. Consequently, CVD risk factors that induce mitochondrial damage alter cellular response to endogenous atherogenic factors, increasing disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey M. Harrison
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama–Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Melissa Pompilius
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama–Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kent E. Pinkerton
- Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Health, University of California–Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Scott W. Ballinger
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama–Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Alabama–Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Welch DR, Beck BH, Feeley KP, Diers AR, Vaidya KS, Nash KT, Bodenstine TM, Thomas JW, Landar A, Ballinger SW. Abstract 965: The KISS1 metastasis suppressor appears to reverse the ‘Warburg Effect’. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In 1924, Otto Warburg described the preference of cancer cells for glycolytic metabolism, even under normoxic conditions and that these metabolic changes directly correlate with malignant potential of several cancers. Although its purpose remains unclear, the “Warburg Effect” is thought to confer proliferative and survival advantages by increasing uptake of nutrients into biomass. The KISS1 metastasis suppressor protein is secreted and proteolytically cleaved into so-called kisspeptins (KP) that block the colonization of metastatic C8161.9 human melanoma cells at secondary sites. We asked whether secreted KISS1 mediates its inhibitory effects on metastatic growth through regulation of the “Warburg Effect.” Comparing multiple bioenergetic and metabolic aspects of glucose metabolism in C8161.9 ± KISS1 showed that all KISS1-secreting clones had significantly (P<0.05) reduced invasion (60%) and reduced lactate production (100 mg/dL vs. 128 mg/dL). Irrespective of cell density, KISS1-expressing cells had a significantly higher extracellular pH (pHe=7.2) compared to cells transfected with empty vector or cells transfected with KISS1 harboring a deleted signal sequence (ΔSS; pHe=6.7). Utilizing a Seahorse® bioanalyzer, reduced extracellular acidification by KISS1 cells was verified concomitant with increased O2 consumption. Interestingly, mitochondrial reserve capacity, an indicator thought to reflect a cell's ability to cope with oxidative stresses, was also elevated in KISS1-expressing cells. Using mitochondrial-selective fluorescent probes, C8161.9KISS1 melanoma and MDA-MB-435KISS1 breast carcinoma cells have ∼30% more mitochondria compared to empty vector or KISS1ΔSS-expressing cells. Increased mitochondrial number in KISS1-expressing cells was correlated with higher levels of PGC-1α, a major mitochondrial biogenesis regulatory molecule, which was confirmed using siRNA to KISS1. Expression of KISS1 also protected C8161.9 cells from dichloroacetate-induced cell death. Unexpectedly, addition of KP10 to C8161.9 cells did not alter pHe, raising questions regarding the mechanism by which KISS1/KP alter PGC-1α in the absence of KISS1 receptor expression in the tumor cells. Nonetheless, these data appear to directly connect changes in mitochondrial number, metabolic pathway regulation and the metastatic process. Future studies will determine whether the increase in mitochondrial number is directly responsible for the change in glycolytic metabolism and whether these changes are necessary for KISS1's effects on metastatic growth. Support: RO1-CA134981, the National Foundation for Cancer Research, METAvivor, and UAB Med-into-Grad Fellowship.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 965. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-965
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38
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Abstract
Acute insulin resistance is common after injury, infection, and critical illness. To investigate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in critical illness diabetes, we measured hepatic ROS, which rapidly increased in mouse liver. Overexpression of superoxide dismutase 2, which decreased mitochondrial ROS levels, protected mice from the development of acute hepatic insulin resistance. Insulin-induced intracellular signaling was dramatically decreased, and cellular stress signaling was rapidly increased after injury, resulting in the hyperglycemia of critical illness diabetes. Insulin-induced intracellular signaling, activation of stress (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) signaling, and glucose metabolism were all normalized by superoxide dismutase 2 overexpression or by pretreatment with antioxidants. Thus, ROS play an important role in the development of acute hepatic insulin resistance and activation of stress signaling after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Zhai
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Boulevard, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0019, USA
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39
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Westbrook DG, Anderson PG, Pinkerton KE, Ballinger SW. Perinatal tobacco smoke exposure increases vascular oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in non-human primates. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2010; 10:216-26. [PMID: 20668962 PMCID: PMC2926475 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-010-9085-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that events occurring during fetal and early childhood development influence disease susceptibility. Similarly, molecular studies in mice have shown that in utero exposure to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) increased adult atherogenic susceptibility and mitochondrial damage; however, the molecular effects of similar exposures in primates are not yet known. To determine whether perinatal ETS exposure increased mitochondrial damage, dysfunction and oxidant stress in primates, archived tissues from the non-human primate model Macaca mulatta (M. mulatta) were utilized. M. mulatta were exposed to low levels of ETS (1 mg/m3 total suspended particulates) from gestation (day 40) to early childhood (1 year), and aortic tissues were assessed for oxidized proteins (protein carbonyls), antioxidant activity (SOD), mitochondrial function (cytochrome oxidase), and mitochondrial damage (mitochondrial DNA damage). Results revealed that perinatal ETS exposure resulted in significantly increased oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and damage which were accompanied by significantly decreased mitochondrial antioxidant capacity and mitochondrial copy number in vascular tissue. Increased mitochondrial damage was also detected in buffy coat tissues in exposed M. mulatta. These studies suggest that perinatal tobacco smoke exposure increases vascular oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in primates, potentially increasing adult disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Westbrook
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, VH G019F, 1530 3rd Avenue S., Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, USA
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40
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Chuang GC, Yang Z, Westbrook DG, Pompilius M, Ballinger CA, White CR, Krzywanski DM, Postlethwait EM, Ballinger SW. Pulmonary ozone exposure induces vascular dysfunction, mitochondrial damage, and atherogenesis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2009; 297:L209-16. [PMID: 19395667 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00102.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 100 million people in the United States live in areas that exceed current ozone air quality standards. In addition to its known pulmonary effects, environmental ozone exposures have been associated with increased hospital admissions related to cardiovascular events, but to date, no studies have elucidated the potential molecular mechanisms that may account for exposure-related vascular impacts. Because of the known pulmonary redox and immune biology stemming from ozone exposure, we hypothesized that ozone inhalation would initiate oxidant stress, mitochondrial damage, and dysfunction within the vasculature. Accordingly, these factors were quantified in mice consequent to a cyclic, intermittent pattern of ozone or filtered air control exposure. Ozone significantly modulated vascular tone regulation and increased oxidant stress and mitochondrial DNA damage (mtDNA), which was accompanied by significantly decreased vascular endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein and indices of nitric oxide production. To examine influences on atherosclerotic lesion formation, apoE-/- mice were exposed as above, and aortic plaques were quantified. Exposure resulted in significantly increased atherogenesis compared with filtered air controls. Vascular mitochondrial damage was additionally quantified in ozone- and filtered air-exposed infant macaque monkeys. These studies revealed that ozone increased vascular mtDNA damage in nonhuman primates in a fashion consistent with known atherosclerotic lesion susceptibility in humans. Consequently, inhaled ozone, in the absence of other environmental toxicants, promotes increased vascular dysfunction, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gin C Chuang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
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41
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Bailey SM, Mantena SK, Millender-Swain T, Cakir Y, Jhala NC, Chhieng D, Pinkerton KE, Ballinger SW. Ethanol and tobacco smoke increase hepatic steatosis and hypoxia in the hypercholesterolemic apoE(-/-) mouse: implications for a "multihit" hypothesis of fatty liver disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46:928-38. [PMID: 19280709 PMCID: PMC2775483 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although epidemiologic studies indicate that combined exposure to cigarette smoke and alcohol increase the risk and severity of liver diseases, the molecular mechanisms responsible for hepatotoxicity are unknown. Similarly, emerging evidence indicates a linkage among hepatic steatosis and cardiovascular disease. Herein, we hypothesize that combined exposure to alcohol and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on a hypercholesterolemic background increases liver injury through oxidative/nitrative stress, hypoxia, and mitochondrial damage. To test this, male apoE(-/-) mice were exposed to an ethanol-containing diet, ETS alone, or a combination of the two, and histology and functional endpoints were compared to filtered-air-exposed, ethanol-naïve controls.Whereas ethanol consumption induced a mild steatosis, combined exposure to ethanol + ETS resulted in increased hepatic steatosis, inflammation, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and collagen. Exposure to ethanol + ETS induced the largest increase in CYP2E1 and iNOS protein, as well as increased 3-nitrotyrosine, mtDNA damage, and decreased cytochrome c oxidase protein, compared to all other groups. Similarly, the largest increase in HIF1alpha expression was observed in the ethanol + ETS group, indicating enhanced hypoxia. These studies demonstrate that ETS increases alcohol-dependent steatosis and hypoxic stress. Therefore, ETS may be a key environmental "hit" that accelerates and exacerbates alcoholic liver disease in hypercholesterolemic apoE(-/-) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Bailey
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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42
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Cakir Y, Yang Z, Knight CA, Pompilius M, Westbrook D, Bailey SM, Pinkerton KE, Ballinger SW. Effect of alcohol and tobacco smoke on mtDNA damage and atherogenesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2007; 43:1279-88. [PMID: 17893041 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2007] [Revised: 06/22/2007] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and alcohol (EtOH) consumption often occur together, yet their combined effects on cardiovascular disease development are currently unclear. A shared feature between ETS and EtOH exposure is that both increase oxidative stress and dysfunction within mitochondria. The hypothesis of this study was that simultaneous EtOH and ETS exposure will significantly increase atherogenesis and mitochondrial damage compared to the individual effects of either factor (ETS or EtOH). To test this hypothesis, apoE(-/-) mice were exposed to EtOH and/or ETS singly or in combination for 4 weeks and compared to filtered air, nonalcohol controls. Atherosclerotic lesion formation (oil red O staining of whole aortas), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage, and oxidant stress were assessed in vascular tissues. Combined exposure to ETS and EtOH had the greatest impact on atherogenesis, mtDNA damage, and oxidant stress compared to filtered air controls, alcohol, or ETS-exposed animals alone. Because moderate EtOH consumption is commonly thought to be cardioprotective, these studies suggest that the potential influence of common cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as tobacco smoke exposure or hypercholesterolemia, on the cardiovascular effects of alcohol should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Cakir
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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43
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Yang Z, Harrison CM, Chuang GC, Ballinger SW. The role of tobacco smoke induced mitochondrial damage in vascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Mutat Res 2007; 621:61-74. [PMID: 17428506 PMCID: PMC2212590 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2007.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2006] [Revised: 12/12/2006] [Accepted: 12/13/2006] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The majority of individuals chronically exposed to tobacco smoke will eventually succumb to cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, despite the major cardiovascular health implications of tobacco smoke exposure, concepts of how such exposure specifically results in cardiovascular cell dysfunction that leads to CVD development are still being explored. Moreover, surprisingly little is known about the effects of prenatal and childhood tobacco smoke exposure on adult CVD development. Herein, it is proposed that the mitochondrion is a central target for environmental oxidants, including tobacco smoke. By virtue of its multiple, essential roles in cell function including energy production, oxidant signaling, apoptosis, immune response, and thermogenesis, damage to the mitochondrion will likely play an important role in the development of multiple common forms of human disease, including CVD. Specifically, this review will discuss the potential role of tobacco smoke and environmental oxidant exposure in the induction of mitochondrial damage which is related to CVD development. Furthermore, mechanisms of how mitochondrial damage can initiate and/or contribute to CVD are discussed, as are experimental results that are consistent with the hypothesis that mitochondrial damage and dysfunction will increase CVD susceptibility. Aspects of both adult and developmental (fetal and childhood) exposure to tobacco smoke on mitochondrial damage, function and disease development are also discussed, including the future implications and direction of studies involving the role of the mitochondrion in influencing disease susceptibility mediated by environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-001, United States
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44
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Abstract
Mitochondria have long been known to play a critical role in maintaining the bioenergetic status of cells under physiological conditions. It was also recognized early in mitochondrial research that the reduction of oxygen to generate the free radical superoxide occurs at various sites in the respiratory chain and was postulated that this could lead to mitochondrial dysfunction in a variety of disease states. Over recent years, this view has broadened substantially with the discovery that reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and lipid species can also modulate physiological cell function through a process known as redox cell signaling. These redox active second messengers are formed through regulated enzymatic pathways, including those in the mitochondrion, and result in the posttranslational modification of mitochondrial proteins and DNA. In some cases, the signaling pathways lead to cytotoxicity. Under physiological conditions, the same mediators at low concentrations activate the cytoprotective signaling pathways that increase cellular antioxidants. Thus, it is critical to understand the mechanisms by which these pathways are distinguished to develop strategies that will lead to the prevention of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we describe recent evidence that supports the hypothesis that mitochondria have an important role in cell signaling, and so contribute to both the adaptation to oxidative stress and the development of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gutierrez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
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45
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Abstract
The advent of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) has dramatically decreased the rate of AIDS-related mortality and significantly extended the life span of patients with AIDS. A variety of metabolic side effects are associated with these therapies, one of which is metabolic bone disease. A higher prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in HIV-infected patients receiving anti-retroviral therapy than in patients not on therapy has now been reported in several studies. Several factors have been demonstrated to influence HIV-associated decreases in bone mineral density (BMD), including administration of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). In this article, discussion will focus on the molecular pathogenesis and treatment of HAART-associated osteopenia and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Pan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 701 19 Street S., LHR 504 Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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46
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Vartanian V, Lowell B, Minko IG, Wood TG, Ceci JD, George S, Ballinger SW, Corless CL, McCullough AK, Lloyd RS. The metabolic syndrome resulting from a knockout of the NEIL1 DNA glycosylase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:1864-9. [PMID: 16446448 PMCID: PMC1413631 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0507444103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenously formed reactive oxygen species continuously damage cellular constituents including DNA. These challenges, coupled with exogenous exposure to agents that generate reactive oxygen species, are both associated with normal aging processes and linked to cardiovascular disease, cancer, cataract formation, and fatty liver disease. Although not all of these diseases have been definitively shown to originate from mutations in nuclear DNA or mitochondrial DNA, repair of oxidized, saturated, and ring-fragmented bases via the base excision repair pathway is known to be critical for maintaining genomic stability. One enzyme that initiates base excision repair of ring-fragmented purines and some saturated pyrimidines is NEIL1, a mammalian homolog to Escherichia coli endonuclease VIII. To investigate the organismal consequences of a deficiency in NEIL1, a knockout mouse model was created. In the absence of exogenous oxidative stress, neil1 knockout (neil1-/-) and heterozygotic (neil1+/-) mice develop severe obesity, dyslipidemia, and fatty liver disease and also have a tendency to develop hyperinsulinemia. In humans, this combination of clinical manifestations, including hypertension, is known as the metabolic syndrome and is estimated to affect >40 million people in the United States. Additionally, mitochondrial DNA from neil1-/- mice show increased levels of steady-state DNA damage and deletions relative to wild-type controls. These data suggest an important role for NEIL1 in the prevention of the diseases associated with the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Vartanian
- *Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology and Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Brian Lowell
- *Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology and Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Irina G. Minko
- *Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology and Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Thomas G. Wood
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Jeffrey D. Ceci
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Shakeeta George
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294; and
| | - Scott W. Ballinger
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294; and
| | - Christopher L. Corless
- Department of Pathology and Oregon Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Amanda K. McCullough
- *Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology and Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - R. Stephen Lloyd
- *Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology and Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
Oregon Health & Science University, 2598 CROET Building, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239-3098. E-mail:
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47
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Abstract
Whereas the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis has been intensively studied and described, the underlying events that initiate cardiovascular disease are not yet fully understood. A substantial number of studies suggest that altered levels of oxidative and nitrosoxidative stress within the cardiovascular environment are essential in the development of cardiovascular disease; however, the impact of such changes on the subcellular or organellar components and their functions that are relevant to cardiovascular disease inception are less understood. In this regard, studies are beginning to show that mitochondria not only appear susceptible to damage mediated by increased oxidative and nitrosoxidative stress, but also play significant roles in the regulation of cardiovascular cell function. In addition, accumulating evidence suggests that a common theme among cardiovascular disease development and cardiovascular disease risk factors is increased mitochondrial damage and dysfunction. This review discusses aspects relating mitochondrial damage and function to cardiovascular disease risk factors and disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott W Ballinger
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, VH G019F, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, USA.
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48
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease development is significantly influenced by the effects of reactive species (RS). By virtue of their controlled production, regulation, and reactive nature, RS play important roles in the modulation of cellular signaling, growth, and death in the vasculature. Concentration gradients are important in determining the effects of RS. Low to moderate concentrations of RS act as mediators in signaling cascades and gene regulation, whereas high levels of RS cause cellular damage and death. Because a dual redox regulation state seems to exist in several signaling cascades, e.g., RS often induce upstream initiating events, whereas downstream events are reliant on reductive processes, alterations in cellular redox states influence the activation/inactivation of signaling events and transcription factors. In this review, the relationships between RS, specific signal transduction pathways, and aspects of cell-cycle control are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Cakir
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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49
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Yang Z, Knight CA, Mamerow MM, Vickers K, Penn A, Postlethwait EM, Ballinger SW. Prenatal Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure Promotes Adult Atherogenesis and Mitochondrial Damage in Apolipoprotein E
−/−
Mice Fed a Chow Diet. Circulation 2004; 110:3715-20. [PMID: 15569831 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000149747.82157.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure is recognized as a cardiovascular disease risk factor; however, the impact of prenatal ETS exposure on adult atherogenesis has not been examined. We hypothesized that in utero ETS exposure promotes adult atherosclerotic lesion formation and mitochondrial damage.
Methods and Results—
Atherosclerotic lesion formation, mitochondrial DNA damage, antioxidant activity, and oxidant load were determined in cardiovascular tissues from adult apolipoprotein E
−/−
mice exposed to either filtered air or ETS in utero and fed a standard chow diet (4.5% fat) from weaning until euthanasia. All parameters were significantly altered in male mice exposed in utero to ETS.
Conclusions—
These data support the hypothesis that prenatal ETS exposure is sufficient to promote adult cardiovascular disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
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50
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Young CG, Knight CA, Vickers KC, Westbrook D, Madamanchi NR, Runge MS, Ischiropoulos H, Ballinger SW. Differential effects of exercise on aortic mitochondria. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2004; 288:H1683-9. [PMID: 15550530 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00136.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Routine exercise is widely recognized as cardioprotective. Exercise induces a variety of effects within the cardiovasculature, including decreased mitochondrial damage and improved aerobic capacity. It has been generally thought that the transient increase in oxidative stress associated with exercise initiates cardioprotective processes. Somewhat paradoxically, increased oxidative stress associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors is thought to play an important role in the promotion and development of CVD. Hence, it is possible that CVD risk factors that increase oxidative stress (e.g., hypercholesterolemia) may modulate the cardioprotective effects of exercise. In this regard, the interaction between CVD risk factors and exercise on atherosclerotic lesion development and basal oxidant load is less defined. To determine the influence of preexistent hypercholesterolemia on cardioprotective effects of exercise, atherosclerotic lesion formation, oxidant load, mitochondrial damage, protein nitration (3-nitrotyrosine levels), and mitochondrial enzyme activities were determined in aortic tissues from normocholesterolemic (C57 control) and hypercholesterolemic [apoliprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/-))] mice after 16 wk of regular exercise. In normocholesterolemic mice, regular exercise was associated with decreased mitochondrial damage and oxidant load and increased SOD2 and adenine nucleotide translocator activities. Exercise did not decrease endogenous oxidant load and mitochondrial damage in hypercholesterolemic mice and did not reduce atherosclerotic lesion development. These data are consistent with the notion that CVD risk factors associated with increased oxidative stress can alter the benefits of exercise and that mitochondrial damage appears to be correlated with the cardiovascular effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christal G Young
- Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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