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Amini MR, Askarpour M, Ghalandari H, Gholizadeh M, Pouraram H. Effect of ketogenic diet on blood pressure: A GRADE-Assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:823-837. [PMID: 38310076 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are major causes of mortality around the world. High blood pressure (BP) or hypertension is one of the most significant predisposing factors to CVDs. Ketogenic diets (KDs) have been the center of attention for their possible health benefits. The aim of this analysis is to study the impact of KDs on BP through the existing literature. DATA SYNTHESIS We investigated the impact of KDs on systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP) conducted in the format of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Four online databases (PubMed/Medline, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar) were searched from inception up to November 2022. Subgroup analyses were carried out to find the sources of heterogeneities. Twenty-three RCTs with 1664 participants were identified. KDs did not exert any significant impacts on SBP (WMD: -0.87 mmHg, 95% CI: -2.05, 0.31) nor DBP (WMD: -0.11 mmHg, 95% CI -1.14, 0.93). Subgroup analyses did not reveal any further information. Also, non-linear dose-response analysis could not detect any associations between the percentage of calorie intake from fat in the KD format and BP levels. CONCLUSION KDs do not seem to be effective in improving BP. Nonetheless, further investigations are recommended to examine the proportion of fat intake needed to induce favorable clinical impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Amini
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition & Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Moein Askarpour
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamid Ghalandari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Gholizadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Industries, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Pouraram
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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Shkunnikova S, Mijakovac A, Sironic L, Hanic M, Lauc G, Kavur MM. IgG glycans in health and disease: Prediction, intervention, prognosis, and therapy. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108169. [PMID: 37207876 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (IgG) glycosylation is a complex enzymatically controlled process, essential for the structure and function of IgG. IgG glycome is relatively stable in the state of homeostasis, yet its alterations have been associated with aging, pollution and toxic exposure, as well as various diseases, including autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, cardiometabolic diseases, infectious diseases and cancer. IgG is also an effector molecule directly involved in the inflammation processes included in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Numerous recently published studies support the idea that IgG N-glycosylation fine-tunes the immune response and plays a significant role in chronic inflammation. This makes it a promising novel biomarker of biological age, and a prognostic, diagnostic and treatment evaluation tool. Here we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the IgG glycosylation in health and disease, and its potential applications in pro-active prevention and monitoring of various health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Shkunnikova
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anika Mijakovac
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Sironic
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Hanic
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, Zagreb, Croatia; University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Ulica Ante Kovačića 1, Zagreb, Croatia
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Deriš H, Tominac P, Vučković F, Briški N, Astrup A, Blaak EE, Lauc G, Gudelj I. Effects of low-calorie and different weight-maintenance diets on IgG glycome composition. Front Immunol 2022; 13:995186. [PMID: 36211377 PMCID: PMC9535357 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.995186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-induced inflammation activates the adaptive immune system by altering immunoglobulin G (IgG) glycosylation in a way to produce more proinflammatory antibodies. The IgG glycome has already been well studied, and its alterations are correlated with a high body mass index (BMI) and central adiposity. Still, the IgG N-glycome susceptibility to different dietary regimes for weight control after the initial weight loss has not been studied. To explore changes in IgG glycosylation induced by weight loss and subsequent weight-maintenance diets, we analyzed 1,850 IgG glycomes from subjects in a dietary intervention Diogenes study. In this study, participants followed a low-calorie diet (LCD) providing 800 kcal/d for 8 weeks, followed by one of five weight-maintenance diets over a 6-month period. The most significant alteration of the IgG N-glycome was present 8 weeks after the subjects underwent an LCD, a statistically significant decrease of agalactosylated and the increase of sialylated N glycans. In the follow-up period, the increase in glycans with bisecting GlcNAc and the decrease in sialylated glycans were observed. Those changes were present regardless of the diet type, and we did not observe significant changes between different diets. However, it should be noted that in all five diet groups, there were individuals who prominently altered their IgG glycome composition in either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Deriš
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petra Tominac
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Nina Briški
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Arne Astrup
- Centre for Healthy Weigh, The Novo Nordisk Foundation, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Ellen E. Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- *Correspondence: Gordan Lauc, ; Ivan Gudelj,
| | - Ivan Gudelj
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- *Correspondence: Gordan Lauc, ; Ivan Gudelj,
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Dissociation Between Long-term Weight Loss Intervention and Blood Pressure: an 18-month Randomized Controlled Trial. J Gen Intern Med 2021; 36:2300-2306. [PMID: 33634382 PMCID: PMC8342649 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-021-06655-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with elevated blood pressure (BP). In patients with obesity and hypertension, weight loss lowers BP, but the long-term effect of weight loss on BP is less clear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the effect of long-term weight loss intervention on BP in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. PARTICIPANTS Two hundred seventy-eight subjects (mean age 47.9 ± 9.3 years, 89% male, 56% hypertensive) with abdominal obesity or elevated serum triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were recruited. INTERVENTION Eighteen-month weight loss intervention. MAIN MEASURES Body weight and BP were measured at baseline, after 6 and 18 months. RESULTS After 6 months of intervention, in the weight loss phase, body mass index (BMI) decreased by an average of -2.2±1.5 kg/m2 (p<0.001) and both diastolic BP (DBP) and systolic BP (SBP) decreased by -2.1±8.8 mmHg and -2.3±12.9 mmHg, respectively (p<0.01 for both). The change in BMI was similar in normotensive and hypertensive subjects (-2.0±1.6 and -2.3±1.5, p = 0.246). However, DBP and SBP decreased significantly (-5.2±7.1 mmHg and -6.2±12.5 mmHg, respectively, p<0.001 for both) in hypertensive subjects, and increased in normotensive subjects (1.8±9.3 mmHg, p = 0.041 and 2.7±11.7 mmHg, p = 0.017, respectively). After 18 months, in the weight maintenance phase, BMI slightly increased (0.9±1.3 kg/m2, p<0.001) but remained significantly lower than at baseline (p<0.0001). Unlike BMI, DBP and SBP increased significantly in hypertensive subjects (p<0.001) and returned almost to baseline levels. CONCLUSION Weight-loss intervention reduced BP in hypertensive patients, but this was not maintained in the long run. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01530724.
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Yılmaz SK, Eskici G, Mertoǧlu C, Ayaz A. Effect of different protein diets on weight loss, inflammatory markers, and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese women. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 26:28. [PMID: 34345239 PMCID: PMC8305754 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_611_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing and maintaining body weight has become more important than ever as obesity is becoming increasingly common worldwide. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of diets with different protein contents administered to obese women on anthropometric measurements, inflammatory markers, and cardiometabolic risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS This randomized controlled trial was conducted with sixty volunteering obese women aged between 20 and 45 years. The subjects were divided into two groups in equal numbers. The high-protein (HP) group (n = 30) was administered an iso-caloric HP diet (25% protein, 30% fat, and 45% carbohydrate), and the control group (n = 30) an isocaloric low-protein diet (15% protein, 30% fat, and 55% carbohydrate), and both groups were followed up for 8 weeks. The subjects' descriptive data, anthropometric measurements, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid profiles, and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were analyzed. RESULTS There was no significant difference at baseline (except for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C]), and end-of-study (except for IL-6, systolic blood pressure [SBP], and diastolic blood pressure) values of parameters between the two groups; after adjusted for baseline measurements, a significant difference was observed between the groups for body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, HOMA-IR, LDL-C, hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, and SBP (P = 0.004, P = 0.001, P = 0.003, P = 0.029, P = 0.004, P = 0.016, P = 0.004, P = 0.010, and P = 0.000, respectively) and were greater in the HP group than in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The HP diet was effective on improvement in HOMA-IR, SBP, LDL-C, hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, and resulted in body weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevil Karahan Yılmaz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Günay Eskici
- Department of Coaching, Faculty of Sport Science, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Cuma Mertoǧlu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Aylin Ayaz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Golonka RM, Cooper JK, Issa R, Devarasetty PP, Gokula V, Busken J, Zubcevic J, Hill J, Vijay-Kumar M, Menon B, Joe B. Impact of Nutritional Epigenetics in Essential Hypertension: Targeting microRNAs in the Gut-Liver Axis. Curr Hypertens Rep 2021; 23:28. [PMID: 33961141 PMCID: PMC8105193 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-021-01142-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the current knowledge on interactions between dietary factors and microRNAs (miRNAs) in essential hypertension (EH) pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS There exists an integration of maintenance signals generated by genetic, epigenetic, immune, and environmental (e.g., dietary) factors that work to sustain balance in the gut-liver axis. It is well established that an imbalance in this complex, intertwined system substantially increases the risk for EH. As such, pertinent research has been taken to decipher how each signal operates in isolation and together in EH progression. Recent literature indicates that both macro- and micronutrients interrupt regulatory miRNA expressions and thus, alter multiple cellular processes that contribute to EH and its comorbidities. We highlight how carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, salt, and potassium modify miRNA signatures during EH. The disruption in miRNA expression can negatively impact communication systems such as over activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, modulating the vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype, and promoting angiogenesis to favor EH. We also delineate the prognostic value of miRNAs in EH and discuss the pros and cons of surgical vs dietary prophylactic approaches in EH prevention. We propose that dietary-dependent perturbation of the miRNA profile is one mechanism within the gut-liver axis that dictates EH development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Golonka
- Microbiome Consortium, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Block Health Science Bldg, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | | | - Rochell Issa
- The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | | | - Veda Gokula
- The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Joshua Busken
- The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Jasenka Zubcevic
- Microbiome Consortium, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Block Health Science Bldg, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jennifer Hill
- Microbiome Consortium, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Block Health Science Bldg, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Microbiome Consortium, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Block Health Science Bldg, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Bindu Menon
- Department of Medical Education, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Room 3105B, CCE Bldg, 2920 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
| | - Bina Joe
- Microbiome Consortium, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Block Health Science Bldg, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
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Effects of soy protein isolate hydrolysates on cholecystokinin released by rat intestinal mucosal cells and food intake in rats. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2020; 57:4459-4468. [PMID: 33087959 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04483-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Soy protein isolate hydrolysates (SPIH) were prepared from soy protein isolate (SPI). Effects of SPIH on a satiety signal cholecystokinin (CCK) and feeding behavior in rats were investigated. SPIH induced more CCK release (164.66 ± 2.40 pg/mL) by rat intestinal mucosal cells than SPI (143.33 ± 3.71 pg/mL). Meal size (MS), intermeal interval (IMI), and satiety ratio (SR = MS/IMI) of rats received different daily doses of SPIH or dietary fiber were detected for 40 days. A 100 mg/kg dose of SPIH resulted in a greater SR than an identical dose of dietary fiber, while a 300 mg/kg dose resulted in a less MS and IMI. A 500 mg/kg dose of SPIH had similar effects to the same dose of dietary fiber on reducing MS, extending IMI, and increasing SR, but resulted in a significantly less body weight at the end of the experiment (318.15 ± 17.83 g) than the dietary fiber group (340.28 ± 6.15 g).
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Ramzan F, Mitchell CJ, Milan AM, Schierding W, Zeng N, Sharma P, Mitchell SM, D'Souza RF, Knowles SO, Roy NC, Sjödin A, Wagner KH, Cameron-Smith D. Comprehensive Profiling of the Circulatory miRNAome Response to a High Protein Diet in Elderly Men: A Potential Role in Inflammatory Response Modulation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1800811. [PMID: 30892810 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE MicroRNA are critical to the coordinated post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, yet few studies have addressed the influence of habitual diet on microRNA expression. High protein diets impact cardiometabolic health and body composition in the elderly suggesting the possibility of a complex systems response. Therefore, high-throughput small RNA sequencing technology is applied in response to doubling the protein recommended dietary allowance (RDA) over 10 weeks in older men to examine alterations in circulating miRNAome. METHODS AND RESULTS Older men (n = 31; 74.1 ± 0.6 y) are randomized to consume either RDA (0.8 g kg-1 day-1 ) or 2RDA (1.6 g kg-1 day-1 ) of protein for 10 weeks. Downregulation of five microRNAs (miR-125b-5p, -100-5p, -99a-5p, -23b-3p, and -203a) is observed following 2RDA with no changes in the RDA. In silico functional analysis highlights target gene enrichment in inflammation-related pathways. qPCR quantification of predicted inflammatory genes (TNFα, IL-8, IL-6, pTEN, PPP1CB, and HOXA1) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells shows increased expression following 2RDA diet (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION The study findings suggest a possible selective alteration in the post-transcriptional regulation of the immune system following a high protein diet. However, very few microRNAs are altered despite a large change in the dietary protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farha Ramzan
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Cameron J Mitchell
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Amber M Milan
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - William Schierding
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Nina Zeng
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Pankaja Sharma
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Sarah M Mitchell
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Randall F D'Souza
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Scott O Knowles
- Food Nutrition and Health Team, AgResearch Ltd., Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Nicole C Roy
- Food Nutrition and Health Team, AgResearch Ltd., Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.,The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Anders Sjödin
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport, Copenhagen University, 1165, Denmark
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, 1010, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.,Food & Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch Ltd., Hamilton, 3214, New Zealand
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Shou Q, Chen F, Cai Y, Zhang S, Tu J, Zhang L, Wang D, Wang J, Chen M, Fu H. Inhibition of Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis in Mice by a High Dietary Protein Intake. Nutr Cancer 2015; 67:1151-8. [PMID: 26359675 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.1073761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental evidence supports the key role of diet in the development of many types of cancer. Recent studies have suggested that dietary modifications may be beneficial for individuals at high risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we investigated the effect of a high-protein (HP; 20% casein) dietondiethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Mice were given free access to water with 30 μg/ml DEN and fed a normal or HP diet for 22 wk. The results showed mice consuming HP diets had reduced mortality rates and body weights and lower hepatic enzyme activity compared to DEN-treated mice on a normal diet. HP consumption also promoted collagen accumulation in the liver, and reduced numbers of proliferating hepatocytes and infiltrating inflammatory cells, as well as decreased expression of inflammatory factor interleukin-1β, and nuclear factor κB activation. These data indicate that HP diets can inhibit DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis via suppression of the inflammatory response and provide a new evidence for the dietary management of clinical patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyang Shou
- a Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Fangming Chen
- a Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Yueqin Cai
- a Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Shanxin Zhang
- b Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Jue Tu
- a Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Lizong Zhang
- a Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Dejun Wang
- a Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Jianchao Wang
- c Central Laboratory, The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Minli Chen
- a Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Huiying Fu
- c Central Laboratory, The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , China
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The role of higher protein diets in weight control and obesity-related comorbidities. Int J Obes (Lond) 2014; 39:721-6. [PMID: 25540980 PMCID: PMC4424378 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2014.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The importance of the relative dietary content of protein, carbohydrate and the type of carbohydrate (that is, glycemic index (GI)) for weight control under ad libitum conditions has been controversial owing to the lack of large scale studies with high diet adherence. The Diet, Obesity and Genes (DioGenes) European multicentre trial examined the importance of a slight increase in dietary protein content, reduction in carbohydrate and the importance of choosing low (LGI) vs high GI (HGI) carbohydrates for weight control in 932 obese families. Only the adults underwent a diet of 800 kcal per day for 8 weeks, and after losing ~11kg they were randomized to one of five energy ad libitum diets for 6 months. The diets differed in protein content and GI. The high-protein (HP) diet groups consumed 5.4% points more energy from protein than the normal protein (NP) groups, and the LGI diet groups achieved 5.1% lower GI than the HGI groups. The effect of HP and LGI was additive on weight loss and maintenance, and the combination was successful in preventing weight regain and reducing drop-out rate among the adults after the 11kg weight loss. This diet also reduced body fatness and prevalence of overweight and obesity among their children and had consistent beneficial effects on blood pressure, blood lipids and inflammation in both parents and children. After 1 year, mainly the HP effects were maintained. Putative genes have been identified that suggest this diet to be particularly effective in 67% of the population. In conclusion, the DioGenes diet has shown to be effective for prevention of weight regain and for weight reduction in overweight children under ad libitum conditions. The less-restrictive dietary approach fits into a normal food culture, and has been translated into popular diet and cook books in several languages.
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