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Hwang AY, Cardel MI, Smith SM. Racial and ethnic differences in blood pressure before and after the 2016 United States general election. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 34:e23785. [PMID: 35856295 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The 2016 U.S. presidential election was a major source of stress among many adults. Psychosocial stress can manifest physiologically in elevated blood pressure (BP). Little is known regarding the association of macro-level sociopolitical events with BP changes at the population-level. This study sought to characterize population-level changes in BP following the 2016 U.S. presidential election. METHODS Using 2015-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we included participants aged ≥18 years during the same periods prior to (May to October 2015/2016) and after (May to October 2017/2018) the election. Survey-weighted data were analyzed to compare population-level systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) pre- and post-election, stratified by race/ethnicity. Sex differences were also investigated. RESULTS We observed significant increases in SBP among non-Hispanic (NH) Asian participants (+3.4 mmHg; p = .046), but not among other racial/ethnic participants. DBP increased among NH Black participants (+2.3 mmHg; p = .049) and Mexican American participants (+2.9 mmHg; p = .007), but not among other racial/ethnic participants. These changes appeared attributable to differential BP changes by sex. CONCLUSIONS At the population-level, variable changes in BP were observed by race/ethnicity following the 2016 U.S. presidential election, possibly driven by SBP elevations among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Y Hwang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michelle I Cardel
- Department of Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,WW International, Inc, New York, New York State, USA
| | - Steven M Smith
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Department of Pharmacotherapy & Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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2
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Adgent MA, Gebretsadik T, Elaiho CR, Milne GL, Moore P, Hartman TJ, Cowell W, Alcala CS, Bush N, Davis R, LeWinn KZ, Tylavsky FA, Wright RJ, Carroll KN. The association between prenatal F 2-isoprostanes and child wheeze/asthma and modification by maternal race. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 189:85-90. [PMID: 35863687 PMCID: PMC9414072 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood wheeze, asthma, and allergic rhinitis are common and likely have prenatal origins. Oxidative stress is associated with respiratory disease, but the association of oxidative stress during the prenatal period with development of respiratory and atopic disease in childhood, particularly beyond the infancy period, is unknown. This study aims to investigate associations between prenatal oxidative stress, measured by maternal urinary F2-isoprostanes, and child respiratory outcomes, including effect modification by maternal race. METHODS We prospectively studied Black (n = 717) and White (n = 363) mother-child dyads. We measured F2-isoprostanes in 2nd-trimester urine (ng/mg-creatinine). At approximately age 4, we obtained parent report of provider-diagnosed asthma (ever), current wheeze, current asthma (diagnosis, symptoms and/or medication), and current allergic rhinitis (current defined as previous 12 months). We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) per interquartile range (IQR) increase in F2-isoprostane concentration, controlling for confounders. We examined modification by maternal race using interaction terms. RESULTS The prevalence of provider-diagnosed asthma and current wheeze, asthma and allergic rhinitis was 14%, 19%, 15%, and 24%, respectively. Median (IQR) F2-isoprostane levels were 2.1 (1.6, 2.9) ng/mg-creatinine. Associations between prenatal F2-isoprostanes and provider-diagnosed asthma, current wheeze, and current asthma were modified by maternal race. Results were strongest for current wheeze (aOR [95%CI]: 1.55 [1.16, 2.06] for White; 0.98 [0.78, 1.22] for Black; p-interaction = 0.01). We observed no association between F2-isoprostanes and allergic rhinitis. CONCLUSION Prenatal urinary F2-isoprostanes may be a marker associated with childhood wheeze/asthma in certain populations. Research is needed to understand underlying mechanisms and racial differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Adgent
- Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tebeb Gebretsadik
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cordelia R Elaiho
- Department of Pediatrics, Kravis Children's Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ginger L Milne
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Paul Moore
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Terryl J Hartman
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Whitney Cowell
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cecilia S Alcala
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicole Bush
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert Davis
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Frances A Tylavsky
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Rosalind J Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, Kravis Children's Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kecia N Carroll
- Department of Pediatrics, Kravis Children's Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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3
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Heravi AS, Michos ED, Zhao D, Ambale-Venkatesh B, Doria De Vasconcellos H, Lloyd-Jones D, Schreiner PJ, Reis JP, Wu C, Lewis CE, Shikany JM, Sidney S, Guallar E, Ndumele CE, Ouyang P, Hoogeveen RC, Lima JAC, Vaidya D, Post WS. Oxidative Stress and Menopausal Status: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Cohort Study. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2022; 31:1057-1065. [PMID: 35675673 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2021.0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Low endogenous estrogen concentrations after menopause may contribute to higher oxidative stress and greater cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, differences in oxidative stress between similarly aged premenopausal and postmenopausal women are not well-characterized on a population level. We hypothesized that urinary isoprostane concentrations, a standard measure of systemic oxidative stress, are higher in women who have undergone menopause compared to premenopausal women. Methods and Results: We examined differences in urinary 8-isoprostane (iPF2α-III) and 2,3-dinor-8-isoprostane (iPF2α-III-M) indexed to urinary creatinine between 279 postmenopausal and 196 premenopausal women in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, using linear regression with progressive adjustment for sociodemographic factors and traditional CVD risk factors. Unadjusted iPF2α-III-M concentrations were higher among postmenopausal compared to premenopausal women (Median [25th, 75th percentile]: 1762 [1178, 2974] vs. 1535 [1067, 2462] ng/g creatinine; p = 0.01). Menopause was associated with 25.5% higher iPF2α-III-M (95% confidence interval [6.5-47.9]) adjusted for age, race, college education, and field center. Further adjustments for tobacco use (21.2% [2.9-42.6]) and then CVD risk factors (18.8% [0.1-39.6]) led to additional partial attenuation. Menopause was associated with higher iPF2α-III in Black but not White women. Conclusions: We conclude that postmenopausal women had higher oxidative stress, which may contribute to greater CVD risk. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00005130.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir S Heravi
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Erin D Michos
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bharath Ambale-Venkatesh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Donald Lloyd-Jones
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Pamela J Schreiner
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jared P Reis
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Colin Wu
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cora E Lewis
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - James M Shikany
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Stephen Sidney
- Division of Research, Kaiser-Permanente, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Eliseo Guallar
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chiadi E Ndumele
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pamela Ouyang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ron C Hoogeveen
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joao A C Lima
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dhananjay Vaidya
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wendy S Post
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Zuin M, Capatti E, Borghi C, Zuliani G. Serum Malondialdehyde Levels in Hypertensive Patients: A Non-invasive Marker of Oxidative Stress. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2022; 29:263-273. [PMID: 35347636 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-022-00514-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous analyses have reported a higher malondialdehyde (MDA) serum level in hypertensive patients (HTs) compared to normotensive subjects (NTs). AIM We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of these studies to offer a comprehensive information on this issue. METHODS The PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases were analysed to locate English-language articles published from January 1, 2000 up to January 1 2021. Studies were identified using the following MeSH terms: "Malondialdehyde" AND "Arterial hypertension". The difference of MDA serum levels between HTs and NTs was expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% CI using a random-effect model. RESULTS A total of of 4102 patients (2158 HTs and 1944 NTs, mean age 52.7 and 48.0 years, respectively) were included in 17 studies. Pooled mean MDA serum levels in HTs and NTs were 4.91 [standard error (SE): 0.34, 95% CI 4.23-5.59)] and 3.43 [SE 0.15, 95% CI 3.18-3.78] nmol/L, respectively. The SMD between HTs and NTs was 3.23 nmol/L (95% CI 2.54-3.92; Z-score for overall effect: 9.17, p < 0.0001, I2 = 98.6%). Egger's test resulted significant at p = 0.009 while Begg's test was not, p = 0.11. Subsequent adjustment via the trim-and-fill method did not predict a new model (studies trimmed = 0). Meta-regression analysis found no correlations either between SMD and age (p = 0.95) or BMI (p = 0.96) but a significant one considering the latitude of the study site as moderator variable (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with HTs, serum MDA appears to have the greatest potential as non-invasive biomarkers of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction (ED).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Zuin
- Section of Internal and Cardio-Respiraotry Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
- University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Ferrara, Emilia Romagna, Italy.
| | - Elenonora Capatti
- Section of Internal and Cardio-Respiraotry Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Ferrara, Emilia Romagna, Italy
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zuliani
- Section of Internal and Cardio-Respiraotry Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Ferrara, Emilia Romagna, Italy
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The Pivotal Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular-Renal Remodeling in Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071041. [PMID: 34209494 PMCID: PMC8300817 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The excessive activation of the renin-angiotensin system in kidney disease leads to alteration of intracellular pathways which concur altogether to the induction of cardiovascular and renal remodeling, exposing these patients since the very beginning of the renal injury to chronic kidney disease and progression to end stage renal disease, a very harmful and life threatening clinical condition. Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of renal injury and cardiovascular-renal remodeling, the long-term consequence of its effect. This review will examine the role of oxidative stress in the most significant pathways involved in cardiovascular and renal remodeling with a focus on the detrimental effects of oxidative stress-mediated renal abnormalities on the progression of the disease and of its complications. Food for thoughts on possible therapeutic target are proposed on the basis of experimental evidences.
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Bremner JD, Campanella C, Khan Z, Shah M, Hammadah M, Wilmot K, Mheid IA, Lima BB, Garcia EV, Nye J, Ward L, Kutner MH, Raggi P, Pearce BD, Shah A, Quyyumi A, Vaccarino V. Brain Correlates of Mental Stress-Induced Myocardial Ischemia. Psychosom Med 2019; 80:515-525. [PMID: 29794945 PMCID: PMC6023737 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and despite important advances in our understanding of this disorder, the underlying mechanisms remain under investigation. Recently, increased attention has been placed on the role of behavioral factors such as emotional stress on CAD risk. Brain areas involved in memory and the stress response, including medial prefrontal cortex, insula, and parietal cortex, also have outputs to the peripheral cardiovascular system. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of mental stress on brain and cardiac function in patients with CAD. METHODS CAD patients (N = 170) underwent cardiac imaging with [Tc-99m] sestamibi single-photon emission tomography at rest and during a public speaking mental stress task. On another day, they underwent imaging of the brain with [O-15] water positron emission tomography (PET) during mental stress (arithmetic and public speaking) and control conditions. RESULTS Patients with mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia showed increased activation with stress in anterior cingulate, inferior frontal gyrus, and parietal cortex (p < .005). This was seen with both arithmetic stress and public speaking stress. Arithmetic stress was additionally associated with left insula activation, and public speaking with right pre/postcentral gyrus and middle temporal gyrus activation (p < .005). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia is associated with activation in brain areas involved in the stress response and autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system. Altered brain reactivity to stress could possibly represent a mechanism through which stress leads to increased risk of CAD-related morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Douglas Bremner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Carolina Campanella
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Zehra Khan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Majid Shah
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Muhammad Hammadah
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kobina Wilmot
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ibhar Al Mheid
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Bruno B. Lima
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ernest V. Garcia
- Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jonathon Nye
- Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Laura Ward
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael H. Kutner
- Department Biostatistics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Paolo Raggi
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute and the Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brad D. Pearce
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amit Shah
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Arshed Quyyumi
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Viola Vaccarino
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Coughlin SS, Kapuku G. Physical Activity, Weight Control, and Biomarkers of Prognosis and Survival among Breast Cancer Survivors. ARCHIVES OF EPIDEMIOLOGY 2018; 3:10.29011/2257-2252.100027. [PMID: 31179439 PMCID: PMC6550489 DOI: 10.29011/2257-2252.100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity and obesity may increase risk of poor prognosis in breast cancer through effects on insulin or insulin-like growth factors or their binding proteins, insulin resistance, glucose metabolism, sex hormones, leptin and other adipokines, immunologic or inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage or repair capacity. The present review is based upon bibliographic searches in PubMed and relevant search terms. Articles published in English from January 1, 1980 through October 1, 2018 were identified using the following MeSH search terms and Boolean algebra commands: breast cancer survivors AND (insulin-like growth factor OR insulin resistance OR glucose metabolism OR sex hormones OR leptin OR adipokines OR immunologic OR inflammatory factors OR oxidative stress OR DNA repair capacity). After screening the abstracts or full texts of these articles and reviewing the references of previous review articles, a total of 66 studies met the eligibility criteria. Based upon published studies, it is difficult to determine the type or dose of exercise that affects inflammatory markers among breast cancer survivors. The optimal type of exercise, dose, and timing of physical activity needed to improve the inflammatory profile following a breast cancer diagnosis is unknown. Studies have used a range of physical activity types including aerobic, resistance training, yoga, and Tai Chi. A further issue is that existing studies of physical activity and biomarkers have included a range of disease stages. There is a need for a better understanding of the biological pathways through which physical activity and weight management increase survival in order to design targeted weight loss and exercise interventions for breast cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Scott Coughlin
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, USA
- Research Service, Charlie Norwood Veterans Administration Medical Center, USA
| | - Gaston Kapuku
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, USA
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