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Sharmaa R, Choudharyb N, Sharmac G. Drug Discovery – A New Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Natural Sources. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MILITARY MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.55453/rjmm.2023.126.3.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
"A rise in mortality due to fungal infections in an immunocompromised population has been observed lately. Nowadays, due to increased fungal infections, the limitations encountered in their treatment like resistance, side-effects, and high toxicity, the rising prescription and overuse of conventional antifungals all stimulate a search for alternative natural drugs therefore we are in dire need of natural newer strategies that involve reliable agents for the treatment of fungal diseases such as essential oils are known for their anti-microbial properties and are multi-component. Materials & Methods: Soil samples (66 samples) were collected from different agricultural fields and animals habitat of Saharanpur (U.P.) Isolation of keratinophilic fungi was carried out by the hair-baiting technique. Extraction of Mentha piperita & Cinnamonum vernum essential oil was carried out by hydrodistillation method and the chemical composition of both extracted essential oils was determined by Gas ChromatographyMass Spectrophotometry. Antimycotic studies of essential oils were done by the standard disc diffusion method. Results & Discussion: In the present study, the antifungal potential of Mentha piperita & Cinnamonum vernum essential oils were evaluated against three human pathogenic fungi isolated from the soil of agricultural field and animals habitat of Saharanpur (U.P.) i.e Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T.tonsurans, and T.equinum. The chemical composition of Mentha piperita & Cinnamonum vernum EO was analyzed by GC-MS. Menthol (53.28%) was the major compound of the Mentha piperita EO followed by Menthyl acetate (15.1%) and Menthofuran (11.18%). Major constituents of Cinnamonum vernum EO were linalool (8%), (E)- cinnamaldehyde (7.2%), β-caryophyllene (7.4%), eucalyptol (6.4%), and eugenol (5.6%). Conclusion: Essential oils of Mentha piperita & Cinnamonum vernum have been found to have remarkable & excellent antifungal activity against these pathogenic fungi. Present findings conclude that natural products like plant-derived EOs instead of chemotherapy and the emergence of resistance to antifungal drugs can be regarded as an environmental safety mode of disease control against pathogens. "
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Affiliation(s)
- H. I. Lurie
- The South African Institute for Medical Research, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - M. Way
- The South African Institute for Medical Research, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Beatrix Durie
- Institute of Medical Research Royal North Shore Hospital Sydney, Australia
| | - Dorothea Frey
- Institute of Medical Research Royal North Shore Hospital Sydney, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- H. I. Lurie
- South African Institute for Medical Research Johannesburg
| | - R. Borok
- South African Institute for Medical Research Johannesburg
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Affiliation(s)
- Libero Ajello
- Communicable Disease Center U. S. Public Health Service, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Atlanta, Georgia
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Padhye AA. Behavior of Non-Pigment-Forming Isolates of Keratinomyces Ajelloi Mated with Arthroderma Uncinatum. Mycologia 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1969.12018851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Padhye
- University of Alberta Mold Herbarium and Culture Collection, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Human Infections with Microsporum gypseum Complex (Nannizzia gypsea) in Slovenia. Mycopathologia 2017; 182:1069-1075. [PMID: 28840426 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-017-0194-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Microsporum gypseum complex is a group of geophillic dermatophytes with a worldwide distribution and is a rare cause of dermatomycoses in humans. The infection most commonly presents as tinea corporis, with some geographical and occupational variations. We studied M. gypseum complex infections in patients examined in the Mycological Laboratory of the Department of Dermatovenereology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, during the period 2000-2015. Diagnosis was confirmed by mycological examination. Skin scales were examined by direct microscopy and cultivated on Sabouraud glucose agar. A total of 226 patients were identified, representing 1.5% of all dermatophyte infections during the study period. Tinea corporis was diagnosed in majority of patients, followed by tinea manus, tinea faciei, tinea inguinalis and tinea pedis. Tinea capitis was observed in three and onychomycosis in two patients only. Infection was disseminated on different parts of the body in nine patients. In 39% of patients, infection was diagnosed in children younger than 9 years. Face and scalp infection was more often observed in children. The incidence was the highest during July and October. Contacts with soil and domestic animals were often reported. Data on the prevalence and clinical characteristics of M. gypseum complex infection in other countries are reviewed.
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Antidermatophytic Action of Resorcinol Derivatives: Ultrastructural Evidence of the Activity of Phenylethyl Resorcinol against Microsporum gypseum. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101306. [PMID: 27706019 PMCID: PMC6274034 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we evaluated the antidermatophytic activities of three resorcinol derivatives that have a history of use in dermo-cosmetic applications to discover molecules with multiple dermatological activities (i.e., multi-target drugs), thereby reducing the cost and time necessary for new drug development. The antidermatophytic activities of the three skin lighteners were evaluated relative to the known antifungal drug fluconazole on nine dermatophytes responsible for the most common dermatomycoses: Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton violaceum, Arthroderma cajetani, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum, Nannizzia gypsea, Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton tonsurans. Among the three tested resorcinols, only two showed promising properties, with the ability to inhibit the growth of all tested dermatophytes; additionally, the IC50 values of these two resorcinols against the nine dermatophytes confirmed their good antifungal activity, particularly for phenylethyl resorcinol against M. gypseum. Ultrastructural alterations exhibited by the fungus were observed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy and reflected a dose-dependent response to treatment with the activation of defence and self-preservation strategies.
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Sun PL, Mu CA, Fan CC, Fan YC, Hu JM, Ju YM. Cat favus caused by Microsporum incurvatum comb. nov.: the clinical and histopathological features and molecular phylogeny. Med Mycol 2014; 52:276-84. [PMID: 24625676 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myt023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Favus is a distinctive form of infection that is caused by exclusively dermatophytes. Its clinical presentation is characterized by scutula, which are concave, thick fungal crusts. The best-known examples of human scalp favus are caused by Trichophyton schoenleinii and those of mouse favus are caused by T. quinckeanum. However, other dermatophytes, such as T. violaceum, T. verrucosum, Microsporum audouinii, M. gallinae, M. gypseum, and M. canis, have been reported sporadically to cause favic lesions. Favus on cats has rarely been mentioned in the literature, and the pathogens with which it has been associated are, for the most part, unknown. Here, we examine four cat favus cases, focusing on clinical presentations and histopathological features. In all cases the etiologic agent was identified as M. incurvatum based on its morphological characteristics and sequences of internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Phylogenetic analysis using the neighbor-joining method, which is based on ITS, showed that these four isolates belonged to two strains of M. incurvatum; one strain was a new combination from the basionym Nannizzia incurvata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Lun Sun
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Bajwa PS, Jeffries CD. The Keratinophilic Fungi in Soils from the Detroit Metropolitan Area/Die keratinophilen Pilze in Bodenproben vom Hauptstadtgebiet Detroit. Mycoses 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1986.tb03782.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Schönborn C. Vergleichende Untersuchungen an geophilen Microsporum-Stämmen edaphischer, animaler und humaner Herkunft (2. Teil). Mycoses 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1967.tb03663.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kaben U, Ritscher D. Mikrosporie bei Pferden, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung einer Mikrosporum gypseum-lnfektion bei einem Fohlen. Mycoses 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1968.tb03335.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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BALABANOFF VVA. Systematik der Dermatophyten unter Berücksichtigurig der Bodenarten mit geschlechtlicher Sporenbildung. Mycoses 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1963.tb02323.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ginter G. Okologie, Epiderniologie und klinische Symptomatik von Microsporum gypseum-Infektionen Ecology, Epidemiology and Clinical Symptomatology of Infections Due to Microsporum gypseum. Mycoses 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1989.tb02177.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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GEORG LK. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF THE DERMATOPHYTOSES SOURCES OF INFECTION, MODES OF TRANSMISSION AND EPIDEMICITY. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 89:69-77. [PMID: 13704445 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1960.tb20131.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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STOCKDALE PM. Occurrence of Microsporum gypseum, Keratinomyces ajelloi and Trichophyton terrestre in some British Soils. Nature 2000; 182:1754. [PMID: 13622651 DOI: 10.1038/1821754a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
The nature of the ringworm flora of Birmingham over 17 years was investigated and tabulated by species, geographical distribution and concentration.The rise and fall of such outbreaks as occurred has been charted.The persistent preponderance of zoophilic species, in spite of the recent decline in over-all incidence, has been demonstrated.
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GARAVELLI HJ. [INVESTIGATION OF KERATINOMYCES AJELLOI IN THE SOIL OF THE CITY OF BUENOS AIRES AND VICINITY]. Mycopathologia 1996; 22:40-6. [PMID: 14121479 DOI: 10.1007/bf02058731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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VARSAVSKY E. [ISOLATION OF KERATINOMYCES AJELLOI AND MICROSPORUM GYPSEUM FROM THE SOIL IN THE CITY OF BUENOS AIRES]. Mycopathologia 1996; 18:257-8. [PMID: 14059706 DOI: 10.1007/bf02051445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Twenty different keratin-rich substrates were screened as keratin baits for isolation of keratinophilic fungi from different soil sample of Chhindwara District, India. Fungi easily formed colonies on different baits. However, hair, feathers and horns were found to be more suitable than nails, fish fins and fish scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Rai
- Microbiology Research Laboratory, Danielson College Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh State, India
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Caretta G, Mangiarotti AM, Piontelli E. Keratinophilic fungi isolated from soil of Italian parks in the province of Pavia. Eur J Epidemiol 1992; 8:330-9. [PMID: 1383024 DOI: 10.1007/bf00158564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Soil samples collected from 9 parks in the Italian province of Pavia were baited with hair and feathers for the isolation of keratinophilic fungi. The dominant species were the teleomorphs Arthroderma gypsea, A. uncinatum, Ctenomyces serratus and Aphanoascus fulvescens with their anamorphs. Among the other species isolated, Amauroascus mutatus, Gymnascella dankaliensis, Gymnoascus intermedius and Gymnoascus reessii were recorded. The distribution of these fungi is discussed and related to previous records.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Caretta
- Istituto di Micologia Medica R. Ciferri & P. Redaelli, Facoltà di Scienze, Università di Pavia, Italy
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Abstract
Two hundred and thirty soil samples from different localities were examined for the presence of geophilic keratinophilic fungi. Six species namely Microsporum gypseum--34 isolates, Chrysosporium keratinophilum--29, C. tropicum--20, Keratinophyton terreum--4, Trichophyton terrestre--8 and Chrysosporium species--3--were isolated. Most of these fungi were recovered from garden, field and river bank soil. The importance of these findings is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Soon
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur
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Abstract
The mycoflora of one hundred and sixty of duck nail samples, collected from the duck Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, were examined. Using the soil plate technique and Sabouraud's dextrose agar, thirty six species appertaining to twenty genera of keratinophilic fungi were isolated. Chrysosporium was the genus most frequently isolated (50% of the samples). Aspergillus and Penicillium occurred in low incidences (13.1 and 12.5% of total samples). Trichophyton rubrum was found to colonize few of the duck nail samples (2.5%) as well as some other fungal species previously reported as pathogenic to man and animals (Aspergillus fumigatus, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis and Paecilomyces lilacinus).
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Abdel-Gawad
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Egypt
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Abstract
Soil samples from rice-fields, collected at monthly intervals, were analysed by baiting technique for the incidence of keratinophilic fungi. Nine species, among a total of 102 species isolated by various methods, were keratinophilic species (8.8%). These were recorded from 38 out of 45 samples collected. The distribution pattern of the different keratinophilic fungi and their significance are discussed.
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Chabasse D, Bouchara JP, De Bievre C. [Demonstrated significance of fungal flora in sand-boxes]. Mycopathologia 1985; 90:3-13. [PMID: 4000243 DOI: 10.1007/bf00437265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the risk of fungal contamination in sand-boxes of the city of Angers' game areas, the authors took 100 samples of sand from different environments: parks, gardens, buildings, nursery schools. They report the presence of a varied and important mycoflora and that the frequency and the distribution are more sensitive to the techniques used to isolate the fungus, as well as to the quality of the sand and to the eco-mesological factors in the four studied areas. The examination of earth samples has allowed the findings of a great number of keratinophilie species. The strains living in the sand do not represent a real danger of infection for the children.
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Abstract
The presence of keratinophilic fungi was revealed by sampling the air of Pavia (Italy) from March 1981 to February 1982. The species isolated were: Chrysosporium indicum , Geomyces pannorum var. pannorum , Microsporum gypseum, Myceliophtora vellerea and Trichophyton terrestre . Several filamentous fungi tolerating high levels of cycloheximide were also recovered.
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Deshmukh SK, Agrawal SC. Prevalence of dermatophytes and other keratinophilic fungi in soils of Madhya Pradesh (India). MYKOSEN 1983; 26:574-7. [PMID: 6686286 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1983.tb03160.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Sur B, Ghosh GR. Keratinophilic fungi from Orissa, India, II: Isolations from feathers of wild birds and domestic fowls. SABOURAUDIA 1980; 18:275-80. [PMID: 6161420 DOI: 10.1080/00362178085380471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Feather samples from 117 birds, representing 11 species, were examined for keratinophilic fungi. Of these, 63 (53.8%) were found to be positive. Nine species of fungi classified in 6 genera were isolated: Aphanoascus terreus (1.7%), Chrysosporium indicum (26.4%), Chrys. tropicum (11.1%) the Chrysosporium state of Aphanoascus spp. (2.5%), the Chrysosporium state of Arthroderma tuberculatum (3.4%), Ctenomyces serratus (0.8%), Gymnoascoideus petalosporus (7.6%), Malbranchea spp. (6.8%), Rollandina hyalinospora (6.8%). Passer domesticus (the house sparrow) harboured the largest varieties of keratinophilic fungi: the Chrysosporium state of Arthroderma tuberculatum was found to be associated with it selectively. The associations of these keratinophilic fungi with birds were non-clinical in nature.
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McAleer R. Investigation of keratinophilic fungi from soils in western Australia a preliminary survey. Mycopathologia 1980; 72:155-65. [PMID: 6162100 DOI: 10.1007/bf00572658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In order to determine which species of geophilic dermatophytes were present in Western Australian soils 299 samples were investigated. These samples were collected from a range of locations, 208 towns throughout the state and 91 samples from the Perth Metropolitan area. Most samples were collected from areas frequented by people and animals, such as home gardens, parks and animal yards. Of the total 299 soils, 271 (90.6%) yielded keratinophilic fungi. A total of 181 dermatophytes were isolated, and there were 205 isolations of other keratinophilic fungi. Microsporum gypseum (30.7%) was the most prevalent dermatophyte recovered from soil followed by Microsporum cookei (21.7%) and then Trichophyton ajelloi (8.0%). No other dermatophytes were recovered. Chrysosporium indicum was the most common of all the keratinophilic fungi and was isolated from 50.1% of the samples. Mixed growth was obtained from 33.5% of the soil samples.
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Crozier WJ. The prevalence of geophilic dermatophytes in soils of the Illawarra area of New South Wales. Australas J Dermatol 1980; 21:89-95. [PMID: 7447816 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-0960.1980.tb00149.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Abou-Gabal M. Bird's feather as a potential source of human fungus infection in bedding manufacture. MYKOSEN 1979; 22:73-6. [PMID: 440328 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1979.tb01715.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
Ninety cases of Microsporum gypseum infection in Denmark during the period 1933-1977 are reviewed. The sex ratio, age distribution, and anatomical sites are started. A case of onychomycosis in a 1-year-old child is reported, and the cases of M. gypseum onychomycosis in the literature are reviewed.
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Abstract
Two hundred and eighty one soil samples from different provinces of Kenya were examined for dermatophytes by the hair baiting technique. Dermatophytes were recovered from 84 samples. Microsporum gypseum constituted 75.8% of the total isolates while Keratinomyces ajelloi and M. cookei formed 21% and 3.2%, respectively. The distribution of the dermatophytes was influences by soil pH, being more prevalent in acidic than in alkaline soils.
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Sierra de Arroyave B, Yepes A, Arenas J, Santamaría de Uribe L, Restrepo A. [Epidemic outbreak of tinea corporis due to Microsporum gypseum]. Mycopathologia 1977; 60:135-8. [PMID: 865596 DOI: 10.1007/bf00448404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A small epidemic of tinea corporis due to M. gypseum is reported. There were 13 children affected, ages 1-15 years. These children belonged to 6 neighbouring families and all used a common "playground", an empty lot located nearby. Cultures were positive for M. gypseum in the 13 children and the agent was also isolated from 2 soils collected in the playing-ground. Soil isolates were classified as N. gypsea. Clinically, the lesions were circinated and had active borders, they were preferentially located in the trunk. Most children (8/13) had multiple lesions. These and other pertinent aspects are discussed in the text.
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