1
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Ye JH, Chen YL, Ogg G. CD1a and skin T cells: a pathway for therapeutic intervention. Clin Exp Dermatol 2024; 49:450-458. [PMID: 38173286 PMCID: PMC11037390 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llad460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The CD1 and MR1 protein families present lipid antigens and small molecules to T cells, complementing well-studied major histocompatibility complex-peptide mechanisms. The CD1a subtype is highly and continuously expressed within the skin, most notably on Langerhans cells, and has been demonstrated to present self and foreign lipids to T cells, highlighting its cutaneous sentinel role. Alteration of CD1a-dependent T-cell responses has recently been discovered to contribute to the pathogenesis of several inflammatory skin diseases. In this review, we overview the structure and role of CD1a and outline the current evidence implicating CD1a in the development of psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Ye
- MRC Translational Immune Discovery Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yi-Ling Chen
- MRC Translational Immune Discovery Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Graham Ogg
- MRC Translational Immune Discovery Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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2
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Mohanraj U, Väkevä L, Ranki A, Söderlund-Venermo M. Prevalence, tropism, and activity of cutavirus in circulating blood lymphocytes, stool, and skin biopsy specimens of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and parapsoriasis en plaques. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29575. [PMID: 38549497 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
A significant association has been established between a newly emerging human parvovirus, cutavirus (CuV), and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma/mycosis fungoides (CTCL/MF) and its precursor parapsoriasis en plaques (PP). CTCL is a heterogeneous group of skin malignancies of T cells, the cause of which remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the activity, spread, and cell tropism of the skin-persistent CuV. CuV DNA was detected in both skin biopsies (6/20, 30%) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (4/29, 13.8%) from 49 CTCL/MF or PP patients, while none from 33 patients with any other type of skin disease or healthy subjects harbored CuV DNA. CuV DNA persisted in the skin or PBMCs for up to 15 years, despite circulating CuV-specific IgG. Spliced CuV mRNA was expressed in skin, indicating viral activity. Also, both of two available stool samples contained encapsidated CuV genomes, suggesting that the patients excrete infectious virus into the environment. Finally, CuV was observed to target circulating and skin-resident CD4 + T cells and some skin keratinocytes and macrophages. This is especially intriguing as malignant T cells in CTCL develop from CD4 + T cells. Hence, CuV should be further investigated for the overall role it plays in the complex tumor microenvironment of CTCL/MF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liisa Väkevä
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology, and Venereology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annamari Ranki
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology, and Venereology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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3
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Kamenjarin N, Hodapp K, Melchior F, Harms G, Hartmann AK, Bartneck J, Muth S, Raker VK, Becker C, Brand A, Clausen BE, Radsak MP, Schild H, Probst HC. Cross-presenting Langerhans cells are required for the early reactivation of resident CD8 + memory T cells in the epidermis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219932120. [PMID: 37579158 PMCID: PMC10450660 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219932120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells (TRM) reside at sites of previous infection, providing protection against reinfection with the same pathogen. In the skin, TRM patrol the epidermis, where keratinocytes are the entry site for many viral infections. Epidermal TRM react rapidly to cognate antigen encounter with the secretion of cytokines and differentiation into cytotoxic effector cells, constituting a first line of defense against skin reinfection. Despite the important protective role of skin TRM, it has remained unclear, whether their reactivation requires a professional antigen-presenting cell (APC). We show here, using a model system that allows antigen targeting selectively to keratinocytes in a defined area of the skin, that limited antigen expression by keratinocytes results in rapid, antigen-specific reactivation of skin TRM. Our data identify epidermal Langerhans cells that cross-present keratinocyte-derived antigens, as the professional APC indispensable for the early reactivation of TRM in the epidermal layer of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Kamenjarin
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131Mainz, Germany
| | - Katrin Hodapp
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131Mainz, Germany
| | - Felix Melchior
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131Mainz, Germany
| | - Gregory Harms
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131Mainz, Germany
- Cell Biology Unit, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131Mainz, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Hartmann
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131Mainz, Germany
| | - Joschka Bartneck
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131Mainz, Germany
| | - Sabine Muth
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131Mainz, Germany
| | - Verena K. Raker
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Becker
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Anna Brand
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131Mainz, Germany
| | - Björn E. Clausen
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus P. Radsak
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131Mainz, Germany
- Third Department of Medicine, Hematology, Oncology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131Mainz, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Schild
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans Christian Probst
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131Mainz, Germany
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4
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Gail LM, Schell KJ, Łacina P, Strobl J, Bolton SJ, Steinbakk Ulriksen E, Bogunia-Kubik K, Greinix H, Crossland RE, Inngjerdingen M, Stary G. Complex interactions of cellular players in chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1199422. [PMID: 37435079 PMCID: PMC10332803 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1199422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease is a life-threatening inflammatory condition that affects many patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Although we have made substantial progress in understanding disease pathogenesis and the role of specific immune cell subsets, treatment options are still limited. To date, we lack a global understanding of the interplay between the different cellular players involved, in the affected tissues and at different stages of disease development and progression. In this review we summarize our current knowledge on pathogenic and protective mechanisms elicited by the major involved immune subsets, being T cells, B cells, NK cells and antigen presenting cells, as well as the microbiome, with a special focus on intercellular communication of these cell types via extracellular vesicles as up-and-coming fields in chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease research. Lastly, we discuss the importance of understanding systemic and local aberrant cell communication during disease for defining better biomarkers and therapeutic targets, eventually enabling the design of personalized treatment schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marie Gail
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kimberly Julia Schell
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Piotr Łacina
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Johanna Strobl
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Steven J. Bolton
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Katarzyna Bogunia-Kubik
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Hildegard Greinix
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rachel Emily Crossland
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Georg Stary
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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5
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Gray AN, Avila C, Chung CG, Seminario-Vidal L, Mims A, Dulmage B, Larkin K, Choe H, Jaglowski S, Vasu S, Kaffenberger BH. Cutaneous graft-versus-host disease within chronic photodamaged skin: A case series demonstrating role for topical 5-fluorouracil. JAAD Case Rep 2023; 36:82-88. [PMID: 37250015 PMCID: PMC10220457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2023.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Gray
- Department of Dermatology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Christina Avila
- Division of Dermatology, Ohio Health Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Catherine G Chung
- Division of Dermatopathology, Department of Dermatology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Dermatology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lucia Seminario-Vidal
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Alice Mims
- Division of Hematology, The James Cancer Hospital, and Solove Research Institute, Columbus Ohio
| | - Brittany Dulmage
- Department of Dermatology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Karilyn Larkin
- Division of Hematology, The James Cancer Hospital, and Solove Research Institute, Columbus Ohio
| | - Hannah Choe
- Division of Hematology, The James Cancer Hospital, and Solove Research Institute, Columbus Ohio
| | - Samantha Jaglowski
- Division of Hematology, The James Cancer Hospital, and Solove Research Institute, Columbus Ohio
| | - Sumithira Vasu
- Division of Hematology, The James Cancer Hospital, and Solove Research Institute, Columbus Ohio
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6
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Puigmal N, Ramos V, Artzi N, Borrós S. Poly(β-amino ester)s-Based Delivery Systems for Targeted Transdermal Vaccination. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041262. [PMID: 37111746 PMCID: PMC10143071 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid vaccines have become a transformative technology to fight emerging infectious diseases and cancer. Delivery of such via the transdermal route could boost their efficacy given the complex immune cell reservoir present in the skin that is capable of engendering robust immune responses. We have generated a novel library of vectors derived from poly(β-amino ester)s (PBAEs) including oligopeptide-termini and a natural ligand, mannose, for targeted transfection of antigen presenting cells (APCs) such as Langerhans cells and macrophages in the dermal milieu. Our results reaffirmed terminal decoration of PBAEs with oligopeptide chains as a powerful tool to induce cell-specific transfection, identifying an outstanding candidate with a ten-fold increased transfection efficiency over commercial controls in vitro. The inclusion of mannose in the PBAE backbone rendered an additive effect and increased transfection levels, achieving superior gene expression in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells and other accessory antigen presenting cells. Moreover, top performing candidates were capable of mediating surface gene transfer when deposited as polyelectrolyte films onto transdermal devices such as microneedles, offering alternatives to conventional hypodermic administration. We predict that the use of highly efficient delivery vectors derived from PBAEs could advance clinical translation of nucleic acid vaccination over protein- and peptide-based strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Puigmal
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Víctor Ramos
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalie Artzi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Salvador Borrós
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Guarneri F, Belloni Fortina A, Corazza M, Cristaudo A, Foti C, Parodi A, Pigatto P, Stingeni L, DE Pità O. Topical non-pharmacological treatment of eczema: an Italian consensus. Ital J Dermatol Venerol 2022; 157:402-413. [PMID: 36213968 DOI: 10.23736/s2784-8671.22.07283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Eczematous diseases (contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, hand eczema) are among the most frequent findings in dermatological clinical practice. A large body of evidence exists on structural and functional skin barrier damage in eczematous diseases, and on the importance of interventions aimed to repair such damage. While there is substantial agreement on pharmacological treatment, more sparse data are available on role, indications and usefulness of topical non-pharmacological treatments, despite significant research and progress in the composition and technology of emollients, cleansers and barrier creams significantly changed and expanded the functional activities of these products. This often leads to inadequate prescription and/or use, which increase individual and social costs of the disease and make the products useless or, in some cases, even counterproductive. This consensus document, discussed and compiled in a series of meetings by a group of Italian dermatologists experienced in the field of eczematous diseases, summarizes epidemiology and clinical features of the nosological entities of the "eczema family", illustrates the chemical/biochemical structure of emollients, cleansers and barrier creams, and aims to help physicians to exploit the full potential of available products, by providing a detailed but practical guide on characteristics, indications and correct use of non-pharmacological treatments currently available for eczematous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Guarneri
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy -
| | - Anna Belloni Fortina
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Monica Corazza
- Section of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Foti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Aurora Parodi
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Pigatto
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Surgical and Odontoiatric Biomedical Sciences, Galeazzi IRCCS Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Stingeni
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ornella DE Pità
- Unit of Clinical Pathology, Inflammatory and Autoimmune Skin Diseases, Cristo Re Hospital, Rome, Italy
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8
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Rodrigues de Souza I, Savio de Araujo-Souza P, Morais Leme D. Genetic variants affecting chemical mediated skin immunotoxicity. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2022; 25:43-95. [PMID: 34979876 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2021.2013372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The skin is an immune-competent organ and this function may be impaired by exposure to chemicals, which may ultimately result in immune-mediated dermal disorders. Interindividual variability to chemical-induced skin immune reactions is associated with intrinsic individual characteristics and their genomes. In the last 30-40 years, several genes influencing susceptibility to skin immune reactions were identified. The aim of this review is to provide information regarding common genetic variations affecting skin immunotoxicity. The polymorphisms selected for this review are related to xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (CYPA1 and CYPB1 genes), antioxidant defense (GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genes), aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway (AHR and ARNT genes), skin barrier function transepidermal water loss (FLG, CASP14, and SPINK5 genes), inflammation (TNF, IL10, IL6, IL18, IL31, and TSLP genes), major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and neuroendocrine system peptides (CALCA, TRPV1, ACE genes). These genes present variants associated with skin immune responses and diseases, as well as variants associated with protecting skin immune homeostasis following chemical exposure. The molecular and association studies focusing on these genetic variants may elucidate their functional consequences and contribution in the susceptibility to skin immunotoxicity. Providing information on how genetic variations affect the skin immune system may reduce uncertainties in estimating chemical hazards/risks for human health in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniela Morais Leme
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
- National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, Brazil
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9
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McCarthy S, Agudo J. Immune-keratinocyte crosstalk in healthy and cancerous epidermis. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Sola Martínez FJ, Barranco Jiménez RM, Martín García C, Senent Sánchez C, Blanco Guerra C, Fernández-Rivas M, Vega Castro A, Dávila González I, Carbonell Martínez A, Panizo Bravo C, Gómez Torrijos E, Rodríguez Gil D, Palacios Peláez R. Intradermal Phleum pratense allergoid immunotherapy. Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Exp Allergy 2020; 50:1352-1361. [PMID: 32946612 PMCID: PMC7756767 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background In allergology, the intradermal approach is generally used to establish an aetiological diagnosis, with limited experience in specific allergen immunotherapy. Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy with an allergen extract of glutaraldehyde‐polymerized Phleum pratense, administered intradermally, in patients with rhinoconjunctivitis sensitized to grass pollen. Methods Multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial in patients from 12 to 65 years of age with rhinitis or rhinoconjunctivitis, with or without asthma, due to grass pollen allergy. Patients were divided into three groups and received a total of six doses in a weekly interval, of either placebo; 0.03 or 0.06 μg of protein per dose of P pratense allergoid. The primary objective was to evaluate the combined symptoms and medication consumption score (CSMS). The secondary objectives were symptoms and medication, tolerance to the conjunctival provocation test, specific IgE and IgG4 antibodies and the safety profile according to the WAO scale. Results The dose of 0.06 μg of protein proved to be effective versus the placebo by significantly reducing CSMS and increasing tolerance to the allergenic extract in the conjunctival provocation test, after the first pollen season. This group showed a significant reduction in specific IgE after the second pollen season relative to the baseline. There were no variations in IgG4 levels. Only one grade 2 systemic reaction was recorded. Conclusion & Clinical Relevance Intradermal immunotherapy with P pratense allergoid has been shown to be effective and safe, reducing CSMS, increasing tolerance to the conjunctival provocation test and reducing IgE levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth María Barranco Jiménez
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,RETIC ARADyAL, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Carlos Blanco Guerra
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fernández-Rivas
- RETIC ARADyAL, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arantza Vega Castro
- RETIC ARADyAL, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Ignacio Dávila González
- RETIC ARADyAL, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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11
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Kubota N, Saito A, Tanaka R, Nakamura Y, Watanabe R, Fujisawa Y, Ishitsuka Y, Clausen BE, Fujimoto M, Okiyama N. Langerhans Cells Suppress CD8 + T Cells In Situ during Mucocutaneous Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:1177-1187.e3. [PMID: 33091425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) induced by allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an immunological disorder in which donor lymphocytes attack recipient organs. It has been proven that recipient nonhematopoietic tissue cells, such as keratinocytes, are sufficient as immunological targets for allogenic donor T cells, whereas Langerhans cells (LCs) are potent professional hematopoietic antigen-presenting cells existing in the target epidermis and eliminated during the early phase of mucocutaneous aGVHD. Moreover, LCs have been reported to negatively regulate various types of immune responses. Here, we present data showing that initial depletion of recipient LCs exacerbates mucocutaneous lesions in a murine model of allogenic bone marrow transplantation-induced aGVHD. Furthermore, another murine model of mucocutaneous aGVHD induced in mice with keratinocytes genetically expressing chicken ovalbumin by transfer of ovalbumin-specific CD8+ OT-I cells also showed that LC-depleted recipient mice develop aggravated mucocutaneous disease owing to decreased apoptosis of skin-infiltrating OT-I cells. Moreover, coexisting LCs directly induce apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation of OT-I cells in vitro partially via B7 family proteins. Collectively, our results indicate that LCs negatively regulate mucocutaneous aGVHD-like lesions in situ by inhibiting the number of infiltrating CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Kubota
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akimasa Saito
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ryota Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Nakamura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Rei Watanabe
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Fujisawa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ishitsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Björn E Clausen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manabu Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Naoko Okiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
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12
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Ghasemi F, Tessier TM, Gameiro SF, Maciver AH, Cecchini MJ, Mymryk JS. High MHC-II expression in Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancers suggests that tumor cells serve an important role in antigen presentation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14786. [PMID: 32901107 PMCID: PMC7479113 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71775-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
EBV-associated gastric adenocarcinomas (EBVaGCs) often exhibit better clinical outcomes than EBV negative gastric cancers (GCs), which could be related to their consistent expression of foreign viral antigens. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) present peptide antigens in the context of the class-II major histocompatibility complex (MHC-II). During inflammatory conditions, epithelial cells express MHC-II and function as accessory APCs. Utilizing RNA-seq data from nearly 400 GC patients, we determined the impact of EBV-status on expression of MHC-II components, genes involved in their regulation, and T-cell co-stimulation. Virtually all MHC-II genes were significantly upregulated in EBVaGCs compared to normal tissues, or other GC subtypes. Genes involved in antigen presentation were also significantly upregulated in EBVaGCs, as were the key MHC-II transcriptional regulators CIITA and RFX5. This was unexpected as the EBV encoded BZLF1 protein can repress CIITA transcription and is expressed in many EBVaGCs. Furthermore, MHC-II upregulation was strongly correlated with elevated intratumoral levels of interferon-gamma. In addition, expression of co-stimulatory molecules involved in T-cell activation and survival was also significantly increased in EBVaGCs. Thus, gastric adenocarcinoma cells may functionally contribute to the highly immunogenic tumor microenvironment observed in EBVaGCs via a previously unappreciated role in interferon-induced antigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Ghasemi
- Department of Surgery, Western University, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Tanner M Tessier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Steven F Gameiro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Allison H Maciver
- Department of Surgery, Western University, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Matthew J Cecchini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University and London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Joe S Mymryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada. .,Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada. .,Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada. .,London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 2R5, Canada. .,London Regional Cancer Program, Room A4-837, 790 Commissioners Rd. East, London, ON, N6A 4L6, Canada.
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13
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In vivo dynamics of T cells and their interactions with dendritic cells in mouse cutaneous graft-versus-host disease. Blood Adv 2020; 3:2082-2092. [PMID: 31296496 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). By static microscopy, cutaneous GVHD lesions contain a mix of T cells and myeloid cells. We used 2-photon intravital microscopy to investigate the dynamics of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and donor dendritic cells (DCs) in cutaneous GVHD lesions in an MHC-matched, multiple minor histocompatibility antigen-mismatched (miHA) model. The majority of CD4 and CD8 cells were stationary, and few cells entered and stopped or were stopped and left the imaged volumes. CD8 cells made TCR:MHCI-dependent interactions with CD11c+ cells, as measured by the durations that CD8 cells contacted MHCI+ vs MHCI- DCs. The acute deletion of Langerin+CD103+ DCs, which were relatively rare, did not affect CD8 cell motility and DC contact times, indicating that Langerin-CD103- DCs provide stop signals to CD8 cells. CD4 cells, in contrast, had similar contact durations with MHCII+ and MHCII- DCs. However, CD4 motility rapidly increased after the infusion of an MHCII-blocking antibody, indicating that TCR signaling actively suppressed CD4 movements. Many CD4 cells still were stationary after anti-MHCII antibody infusion, suggesting CD4 cell heterogeneity within the lesion. These data support a model of local GVHD maintenance within target tissues.
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14
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Abstract
The skin is the outermost organ of the body and is exposed to many kinds of external pathogens. To manage this, the skin contains multiple types of immune cells. To achieve sufficient induction of cutaneous adaptive immune responses, the antigen presentation/recognition in the skin is an essential process. Recent studies have expanded our knowledge of how T cells survey their cognate antigens in the skin. In addition, the formation of a lymphoid cluster, named inducible skin-associated lymphoid tissue (iSALT), has been reported during skin inflammation. Although iSALT may not be classified as a typical tertiary lymphoid organ, it provides specific antigen presentation sites in the skin. In this article, we provide an overview of the antigen presentation mechanism in the skin, with a focus on the development of iSALT and its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyohei Egawa
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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15
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Keratinocyte-intrinsic MHCII expression controls microbiota-induced Th1 cell responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:23643-23652. [PMID: 31672911 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1912432116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cross-talk between the microbiota and the immune system plays a fundamental role in the control of host physiology. However, the tissue-specific factors controlling this dialogue remain poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that T cell responses to commensal colonization are associated with the development of organized cellular clusters within the skin epithelium. These organized lymphocyte clusters are surrounded by keratinocytes expressing a discrete program associated with antigen presentation and antimicrobial defense. Notably, IL-22-mediated keratinocyte-intrinsic MHC class II expression was required for the selective accumulation of commensal-induced IFN-γ, but not IL-17A-producing CD4+ T cells within the skin. Taking these data together, this work uncovers an unexpected role for MHC class II expression by keratinocytes in the control of homeostatic type 1 responses to the microbiota. Our findings have important implications for the understanding of the tissue-specific rules governing the dialogue between a host and its microbiota.
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16
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Gameiro SF, Ghasemi F, Barrett JW, Nichols AC, Mymryk JS. High Level Expression of MHC-II in HPV+ Head and Neck Cancers Suggests that Tumor Epithelial Cells Serve an Important Role as Accessory Antigen Presenting Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081129. [PMID: 31394808 PMCID: PMC6721589 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are responsible for a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Expression of class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC-II) is associated with antigen presenting cells (APCs). During inflammation, epithelial cells can be induced to express MHC-II and function as accessory APCs. Utilizing RNA-seq data from over 500 HNSCC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we determined the impact of HPV-status on the expression of MHC-II genes and related genes involved in their regulation, antigen presentation, and T-cell co-stimulation. Expression of virtually all MHC-II genes was significantly upregulated in HPV+ carcinomas compared to HPV- or normal control tissue. Similarly, genes that encode products involved in antigen presentation were also significantly upregulated in the HPV+ cohort. In addition, the expression of CIITA and RFX5-regulators of MHC-II-were significantly upregulated in HPV+ tumors. This coordinated upregulation of MHC-II genes was correlated with higher intratumoral levels of interferon-gamma in HPV+ carcinomas. Furthermore, genes that encode various co-stimulatory molecules involved in T-cell activation and survival were also significantly upregulated in HPV+ tumors. Collectively, these results suggest a previously unappreciated role for epithelial cells in antigen presentation that functionally contributes to the highly immunogenic tumor microenvironment observed in HPV+ HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven F Gameiro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Farhad Ghasemi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - John W Barrett
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Anthony C Nichols
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Oncology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6C 2R5, Canada
| | - Joe S Mymryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6C 2R5, Canada.
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17
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Variable impact of dupilumab on patch testing results and allergic contact dermatitis in adults with atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2019; 81:157-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Silverberg JI. Comorbidities and the impact of atopic dermatitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019; 123:144-151. [PMID: 31034875 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic pruritic inflammatory skin disease with substantial patient and population burdens. A number of comorbid health problems occur in patients with AD, aside from the cutaneous signs and symptoms. This review summarizes recent developments in the burden and comorbidities of AD. DATA SOURCES Literature review. STUDY SELECTIONS Nonsystematic. RESULTS Different aspects of AD, such as chronic pruritus, psychosocial distress, and inflammation, can lead to anxiety, depression, or suicidality. Atopic dermatitis is associated with and may predispose to higher risk of other atopic disorders, including asthma, hay fever, food allergy, and eosinophilic esophagitis. Persons with AD appear to be at higher risk for infectious and cardiovascular risk. CONCLUSION Atopic dermatitis is associated with substantial burden and comorbidities. Identifying AD comorbidities is essential for proper disease management and improving overall patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan I Silverberg
- Departments of Dermatology, Preventive Medicine and Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Northwestern Medicine Multidisciplinary Eczema Center, Chicago, Illinois.
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19
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Mooij P, Grødeland G, Koopman G, Andersen TK, Mortier D, Nieuwenhuis IG, Verschoor EJ, Fagrouch Z, Bogers WM, Bogen B. Needle-free delivery of DNA: Targeting of hemagglutinin to MHC class II molecules protects rhesus macaques against H1N1 influenza. Vaccine 2019; 37:817-826. [PMID: 30638800 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Conventional influenza vaccines are hampered by slow and limited production capabilities, whereas DNA vaccines can be rapidly produced for global coverage in the event of an emerging pandemic. However, a drawback of DNA vaccines is their generally low immunogenicity in non-human primates and humans. We have previously demonstrated that targeting of influenza hemagglutinin to human HLA class II molecules can increase antibody responses in larger animals such as ferrets and pigs. Here, we extend these observations by immunizing non-human primates (rhesus macaques) with a DNA vaccine encoding a bivalent fusion protein that targets influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) to Mamu class II molecules. Such immunization induced neutralizing antibodies and antigen-specific T cells. The DNA was delivered by pain- and needle-free jet injections intradermally. No adverse effects were observed. Most importantly, the immunized rhesus macaques were protected against a challenge with influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Mooij
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Gunnveig Grødeland
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, N-0027 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Gerrit Koopman
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Tor Kristian Andersen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, N-0027 Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Zahra Fagrouch
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Willy M Bogers
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Bjarne Bogen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, N-0027 Oslo, Norway
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20
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Palmer BC, Phelan-Dickenson SJ, DeLouise LA. Multi-walled carbon nanotube oxidation dependent keratinocyte cytotoxicity and skin inflammation. Part Fibre Toxicol 2019; 16:3. [PMID: 30621720 PMCID: PMC6323751 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-018-0285-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of carbon nanotubes on skin toxicity have not been extensively studied; however, our lab has previously shown that a carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) exacerbates the 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene induced contact hypersensitivity response in mice. Here we examine the role of carboxylation in MWCNT skin toxicity. RESULTS MWCNTs were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, zetasizer, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to fully characterize the physical properties. Two MWCNTs with different levels of surface carboxylation were chosen for further testing. The MWCNTs with a high level of carboxylation displayed increased cytotoxicity in a HaCaT keratinocyte cell line, compared to the MWCNTs with intermediate levels of carboxylation. However, neither functionalized MWCNT increased the level of in vitro reactive oxygen species suggesting an alternative mechanism of cytotoxicity. Each MWCNT was tested in the contact hypersensitivity model, and only the MWCNTs with greater than 20% surface carboxylation exacerbated the ear swelling responses. Analysis of the skin after MWCNT exposure reveals that the same MWCNTs with a high level of carboxylation increase epidermal thickness, mast cell and basophil degranulation, and lead to increases in polymorphonuclear cell recruitment when co-administered with 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene. CONCLUSIONS The data presented here suggest that acute, topical application of low doses of MWCNTs can induce keratinocyte cytotoxicity and exacerbation of allergic skin conditions in a carboxylation dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C. Palmer
- 0000 0004 1936 9166grid.412750.5Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Sarah J. Phelan-Dickenson
- 0000 0004 1936 9166grid.412750.5Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Lisa A. DeLouise
- 0000 0004 1936 9166grid.412750.5Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, USA ,0000 0004 1936 9174grid.16416.34Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA ,0000 0004 1936 9166grid.412750.5Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA ,0000 0004 1936 9166grid.412750.5University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 697, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
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21
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Kuo P, Teoh SM, Tuong ZK, Leggatt GR, Mattarollo SR, Frazer IH. Recruitment of Antigen Presenting Cells to Skin Draining Lymph Node From HPV16E7-Expressing Skin Requires E7-Rb Interaction. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2896. [PMID: 30619266 PMCID: PMC6305623 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
“High-risk” human papillomaviruses (HPV) infect keratinocytes of squamous epithelia. The HPV16E7 protein induces epithelial hyperplasia by binding Rb family proteins and disrupting cell cycle termination. Murine skin expressing HPV16E7 as a transgene from a keratin 14 promoter (K14.E7) demonstrates epithelial hyperplasia, dysfunctional antigen presenting cells, ineffective antigen presentation by keratinocytes, and production of immunoregulatory cytokines. Furthermore, grafted K14.E7 skin is not rejected from immunocompetent non-transgenic recipient animals. To establish the contributions of E7, of E7-Rb interaction and of epithelial hyperplasia to altered local skin immunity, K14.E7 skin was compared with skin from K14.E7 mice heterozygous for a mutant Rb unable to bind E7 (K14.E7xRbΔL/ΔL mice), that have normoplastic epithelium. Previously, we demonstrated that E7-speicfic T cells do not accumulate in K14.E7xRbΔL/ΔL skin grafts. Here, we further show that K14.E7xRbΔL/ΔL skin, like K14.E7 skin, is not rejected by immunocompetent non-transgenic animals. There were fewer CD11b+ antigen presenting cells in skin draining lymph nodes from animals recipient of K14.E7xRbΔL/ΔL grafts, when compared with animals receiving K14.E7 grafts or K5mOVA grafts. Maturation of migratory DCs derived from K14.E7xRbΔL/ΔL grafts found in the draining lymph nodes is significantly lower than that of K14.E7 grafts. Surprisingly, K14.E7xRbΔL/ΔL keratinocytes, unlike K14.E7 keratinocytes, are susceptible to E7 directed CTL-mediated lysis in vitro. We conclude that E7-Rb interaction and its associated epithelial hyperplasia partially contribute to the suppressive local immune responses in area affected by HPV16E7 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Kuo
- Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Siok Min Teoh
- Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Zewen K Tuong
- Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Graham R Leggatt
- Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephen R Mattarollo
- Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian H Frazer
- Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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22
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23
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Owen JL, Vakharia PP, Silverberg JI. The Role and Diagnosis of Allergic Contact Dermatitis in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis. Am J Clin Dermatol 2018; 19:293-302. [PMID: 29305764 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-017-0340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) have increased penetration of allergens, immune dysregulation (including shared cytokine pathways), and frequent use of emollients and topical medications, all of which may predispose toward developing allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Recent systematic reviews have suggested that ACD is a significant clinical problem in both children and adults with AD. While this remains controversial, ACD remains an important comorbidity and potential exacerbant of AD in clinical practice. Common relevant allergens, include lanolin, neomycin, formaldehyde, sesquiterpene lactone mix, compositae mix, and fragrances that are commonly found in AD patients' personal care products. We herein review the clinical scenarios where patch testing is indicated in AD. In addition, we review the contraindications, preferred patch-testing series, pitfalls, and challenges determining the relevance of positive patch-test reactions in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Owen
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Paras P Vakharia
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jonathan I Silverberg
- Departments of Dermatology, Preventive Medicine and Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St. Clair St, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Northwestern Medicine Multidisciplinary Eczema Center, Chicago, USA.
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24
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Santos e Sousa P, Bennett CL, Chakraverty R. Unraveling the Mechanisms of Cutaneous Graft-Versus-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:963. [PMID: 29770141 PMCID: PMC5940745 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is the most common target organ affected by graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), with severity and response to therapy representing important predictors of patient survival. Although many of the initiating events in GVHD pathogenesis have been defined, less is known about why treatment resistance occurs or why there is often a permanent failure to restore tissue homeostasis. Emerging data suggest that the unique immune microenvironment in the skin is responsible for defining location- and context-specific mechanisms of injury that are distinct from those involved in other target organs. In this review, we address recent advances in our understanding of GVHD biology in the skin and outline the new research themes that will ultimately enable design of precision therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Santos e Sousa
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clare L. Bennett
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ronjon Chakraverty
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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25
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Control of mechanical pain hypersensitivity in mice through ligand-targeted photoablation of TrkB-positive sensory neurons. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1640. [PMID: 29691410 PMCID: PMC5915601 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical allodynia is a major symptom of neuropathic pain whereby innocuous touch evokes severe pain. Here we identify a population of peripheral sensory neurons expressing TrkB that are both necessary and sufficient for producing pain from light touch after nerve injury in mice. Mice in which TrkB-Cre-expressing neurons are ablated are less sensitive to the lightest touch under basal conditions, and fail to develop mechanical allodynia in a model of neuropathic pain. Moreover, selective optogenetic activation of these neurons after nerve injury evokes marked nociceptive behavior. Using a phototherapeutic approach based upon BDNF, the ligand for TrkB, we perform molecule-guided laser ablation of these neurons and achieve long-term retraction of TrkB-positive neurons from the skin and pronounced reversal of mechanical allodynia across multiple types of neuropathic pain. Thus we identify the peripheral neurons which transmit pain from light touch and uncover a novel pharmacological strategy for its treatment. There are several classes of sensory neuron that contribute to pain states. Here, the authors demonstrate that TrkB+ sensory neurons detect light touch under normal conditions in mice but contribute to hypersensitivity in models of chronic pain, and that ligand-guided laser ablation of TrkB+ sensory neurons in the mouse skin attenuates this hypersensitivity.
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26
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Santos e Sousa P, Ciré S, Conlan T, Jardine L, Tkacz C, Ferrer IR, Lomas C, Ward S, West H, Dertschnig S, Blobner S, Means TK, Henderson S, Kaplan DH, Collin M, Plagnol V, Bennett CL, Chakraverty R. Peripheral tissues reprogram CD8+ T cells for pathogenicity during graft-versus-host disease. JCI Insight 2018; 3:97011. [PMID: 29515032 PMCID: PMC5922296 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.97011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a life-threatening complication of allogeneic stem cell transplantation induced by the influx of donor-derived effector T cells (TE) into peripheral tissues. Current treatment strategies rely on targeting systemic T cells; however, the precise location and nature of instructions that program TE to become pathogenic and trigger injury are unknown. We therefore used weighted gene coexpression network analysis to construct an unbiased spatial map of TE differentiation during the evolution of GVHD and identified wide variation in effector programs in mice and humans according to location. Idiosyncrasy of effector programming in affected organs did not result from variation in T cell receptor repertoire or the selection of optimally activated TE. Instead, TE were reprogrammed by tissue-autonomous mechanisms in target organs for site-specific proinflammatory functions that were highly divergent from those primed in lymph nodes. In the skin, we combined the correlation-based network with a module-based differential expression analysis and showed that Langerhans cells provided in situ instructions for a Notch-dependent T cell gene cluster critical for triggering local injury. Thus, the principal determinant of TE pathogenicity in GVHD is the final destination, highlighting the need for target organ-specific approaches to block immunopathology while avoiding global immune suppression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- Antigens, Surface/metabolism
- Bone Marrow Transplantation/adverse effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cellular Reprogramming/genetics
- Cellular Reprogramming/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Graft vs Host Disease/immunology
- Graft vs Host Disease/pathology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects
- Humans
- Langerhans Cells/immunology
- Langerhans Cells/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Male
- Mannose-Binding Lectins/genetics
- Mannose-Binding Lectins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Multigene Family/genetics
- Multigene Family/immunology
- Primary Cell Culture
- Receptors, Notch/metabolism
- Skin/cytology
- Skin/immunology
- Skin/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- Transplantation Chimera
- Transplantation, Homologous/adverse effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Santos e Sousa
- Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute and Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, London, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Séverine Ciré
- Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute and Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, London, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Thomas Conlan
- Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute and Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, London, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Laura Jardine
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Ivana R. Ferrer
- Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute and Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, London, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Cara Lomas
- Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute and Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, London, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Sophie Ward
- Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute and Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, London, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Heather West
- Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute and Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, London, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Simone Dertschnig
- Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute and Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, London, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Sven Blobner
- Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute and Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, London, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Terry K. Means
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Daniel H. Kaplan
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew Collin
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Clare L. Bennett
- Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute and Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, London, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Ronjon Chakraverty
- Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute and Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, London, United Kingdom (UK)
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Florez-Pollack S, Chong BF. SnapshotDx Quiz: February 2018. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:e19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kang S, Zhang C, Ohno T, Azuma M. Unique B7-H1 expression on masticatory mucosae in the oral cavity and trans-coinhibition by B7-H1-expressing keratinocytes regulating CD4 + T cell-mediated mucosal tissue inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:650-660. [PMID: 27731324 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The PD-1/B7-H1 pathway regulates immune responses and maintains homeostasis. Here, we identified a unique expression of B7 homolog 1 (B7-H1) on masticatory mucosae in the oral cavity. B7-H1 was physiologically expressed on the dorsal surface of the tongue, gingiva, and hard palate. Other squamous epithelia and other structures of the epithelia did not express B7-H1 in the steady state. Physiological B7-H1 expression on masticatory mucosae was limited on prickle cells, and its expression on basal keratinocytes (KCs) was strictly regulated. B7-H1 on prickle cells was upregulated by external topical stimuli, but B7-H1 on basal KCs was induced only by internal stimuli via infiltrating cells. The blocking of KC-associated B7-H1 or the lack of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) on tissue effector CD4+ T cells in mice lacking B7-H1 on immune cells drastically exacerbated the tissue inflammation induced by topical OVA painting as an exogenous antigen, indicating direct interaction with KCs and CD4+ T cells. Trans-coinhibitory signals by KCs may modulate local T-cell/dendritic cell activation, resulting in inhibition of T-cell responses in both peripheral and secondary lymphoid tissues. Careful control of B7-H1 induction in KCs may play a crucial role in the protection from CD4+ T cell-mediated tissue inflammation by exogenous antigens delivered from the mucosal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kang
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - C Zhang
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Ohno
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Azuma
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Wound healing in cutaneous leishmaniasis: A double edged sword of IL-10 and TGF-β. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 51:15-26. [PMID: 28504090 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Immune responses have a crucial role during the wound healing process in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). However, there are several paradoxes in immunity against CL. On the one hand, regulatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) increase susceptibility to CL through suppression of several proinflammatory cytokines that require for defense against CL. On the other hand, these cytokines play a pivotal role in the acceleration of wound healing process. This review discusses about the dual role of IL-10 and TGF-β during the wound healing process and immunity against CL to offer a new insight about wound healing in CL.
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Abstract
T-cell-mediated immunity has the ability to produce durable antimelanoma responses, resulting in improved survival of patients with advanced melanoma. Antigen presentation is a key determinant of T-cell responses. Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is critical for MHC class II-restricted presentation of multiple melanoma antigens to CD4+ T cells. However, GILT expression in melanoma has not been defined. We evaluated GILT and MHC class II expression in human primary and metastatic melanomas and nevi using immunohistochemical analysis. GILT staining in melanocytes was observed in 70% of primary and 58% of metastatic melanomas versus 0% of nevi. When present, the GILT staining intensity in melanocytes was typically faint. Both GILT and MHC class II expression were increased in melanocytes of primary and metastatic melanomas compared with nevi. GILT staining in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) was detected in 100% of primary and metastatic melanomas versus 31% of nevi, and it was typically intense. GILT expression was increased in APCs of primary and metastatic melanomas compared with nevi, whereas MHC class II had equivalent high expression in APCs of all melanocytic lesions. GILT staining in keratinocytes was detected in 67% of primary melanomas versus 14% of nevi and 6% of metastatic melanomas. GILT, but not MHC class II, expression was increased in keratinocytes of primary melanomas compared with nevi and metastases. GILT expression is anticipated to result in improved presentation of melanoma antigens and more effective antimelanoma T-cell responses. GILT expression may be a biomarker of immune recognition of melanoma.
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Im JS, Herrmann AC, Bernatchez C, Haymaker C, Molldrem JJ, Hong WK, Perez-Soler R. Immune-Modulation by Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors: Implication on Anti-Tumor Immunity in Lung Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160004. [PMID: 27467256 PMCID: PMC4965069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin toxicity is the most common toxicity caused by Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, and has been associated with clinical efficacy. As EGFR inhibitors enhance the expression of antigen presenting molecules in affected skin keratinocytes, they may concurrently facilitate neo-antigen presentation in lung cancer tumor cells contributing to anti-tumor immunity. Here, we investigated the modulatory effect of the EGFR inhibitor, erlotinib on antigen presenting molecules and PD-L1, prominent immune checkpoint protein, of skin keratinocytes and lung cancer cell lines to delineate the link between EGFR signaling pathway inhibition and potential anti-tumor immunity. Erlotinib up-regulated MHC-I and MHC-II proteins on IFNγ treated keratinocytes but abrogated IFNγ-induced expression of PD-L1, suggesting the potential role of infiltrating autoreactive T cells in the damage of keratinocytes in affected skin. Interestingly, the surface expression of MHC-I, MHC-II, and PD-L1 was up-regulated in response to IFNγ more often in lung cancer cell lines sensitive to erlotinib, but only expression of PD-L1 was inhibited by erlotinib. Further, erlotinib significantly increased T cell mediated cytotoxicity on lung cancer cells. Lastly, the analysis of gene expression dataset of 186 lung cancer cell lines from Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia demonstrated that overexpression of PD-L1 was associated with sensitivity to erlotinib and higher expression of genes related to antigen presenting pathways and IFNγ signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that the EGFR inhibitors can facilitate anti-tumor adaptive immune responses by breaking tolerance especially in EGFR driven lung cancer that are associated with overexpression of PD-L1 and genes related to antigen presentation and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin S. Im
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Amanda C. Herrmann
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey J. Molldrem
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Waun Ki Hong
- Department of Thoracic H&N Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Roman Perez-Soler
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
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Clausen BE, Stoitzner P. Functional Specialization of Skin Dendritic Cell Subsets in Regulating T Cell Responses. Front Immunol 2015; 6:534. [PMID: 26557117 PMCID: PMC4617171 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are a heterogeneous family of professional antigen-presenting cells classically recognized as most potent inducers of adaptive immune responses. In this respect, Langerhans cells have long been considered to be prototypic immunogenic DC in the skin. More recently this view has considerably changed. The generation of in vivo cell ablation and lineage tracing models revealed the complexity of the skin DC network and, in particular, established the existence of a number of phenotypically distinct Langerin+ and negative DC populations in the dermis. Moreover, by now we appreciate that DC also exert important regulatory functions and are required for the maintenance of tolerance toward harmless foreign and self-antigens. This review summarizes our current understanding of the skin-resident DC system in the mouse and discusses emerging concepts on the functional specialization of the different skin DC subsets in regulating T cell responses. Special consideration is given to antigen cross-presentation as well as immune reactions toward contact sensitizers, cutaneous pathogens, and tumors. These studies form the basis for the manipulation of the human counterparts of the murine DC subsets to promote immunity or tolerance for the treatment of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn E Clausen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Patrizia Stoitzner
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Division of Experimental Dermatology, Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria
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Self-Antigen Presentation by Keratinocytes in the Inflamed Adult Skin Modulates T-Cell Auto-Reactivity. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:1996-2004. [PMID: 25835957 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Keratinocytes have a pivotal role in the regulation of immune responses, but the impact of antigen presentation by these cells is still poorly understood, particularly in a situation where the antigen will be presented only in adult life. Here, we generated a transgenic mouse model in which keratinocytes exclusively present a myelin basic protein (MBP) peptide covalently linked to the major histocompatibility complex class II β-chain, solely under inflammatory conditions. In these mice, inflammation caused by epicutaneous contact sensitizer treatment resulted in keratinocyte-mediated expansion of MBP-specific CD4(+) T cells in the skin. Moreover, repeated contact sensitizer application preceding a systemic MBP immunization reduced the reactivity of the respective CD4(+) T cells and lowered the symptoms of the resulting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. This downregulation was CD4(+) T-cell-mediated and dependent on the presence of the immune modulator Dickkopf-3. Thus, presentation of a neo self-antigen by keratinocytes in the inflamed, adult skin can modulate CD4(+) T-cell auto-aggression at a distal organ.
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Okiyama N, Fujimoto M. Clinical perspectives and murine models of lichenoid tissue reaction/interface dermatitis. J Dermatol Sci 2015; 78:167-72. [PMID: 25813248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A set of histopathological elements, that is death of epidermal basal cell layer keratinocytes and inflammatory cell infiltration, distinguishes lichenoid tissue reaction (LTR)/interface dermatitis (IFD) from other inflammatory mucocutaneous diseases with histological findings of superficial perivascular dermatitis. The LTR/IFD is observed in inflammatory mucocutaneous diseases such as lichen planus, Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis, acute graft-versus-host disease, lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis. Clinical and basic researches have suggested that keratinocytes are antigen-presenting cells and mediate LTR/IFD reaction via production of cytokines/chemokines and inhibitory molecules such as programmed cell death (PD)-L1, and that cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells producing cytotoxic granules, perforin, granzyme B and granulysin are final effector cells to cause keratinocyte death. Because interferon-γ and FasL, which are produced by not only CD8(+) but also CD4(+) T cells, are candidates of the pathogenic molecules in LTR/IFD, CD4(+) T cells may also play a role to develop LTR/IFD. On the other hand, CD4(+) Treg cells accelerate the remission of LTR/IFD. Some murine models of LTR/IFD have been established. For example, LTR/IFD reactions were induced in keratinocyte-specific membrane-binding ovalbumin-transgenic (mOVA Tg) mice by adoptive transfer of CD8(+) T cells with OVA-specific T-cell-receptor. It has also been shown that human CD8(+) T cells are pathogenic immune cells in human skin-xenografted mice. Various immunosuppressants are used to treat patients with mucocutaneous diseases with LTR/IFD. By analysis of the mOVA Tg mice, a JAK inhibitor was suggested to be a new candidate drug to inhibit not only pathogenic T cells but also keratinocyte death in LTR/IFD. More specific treatments for patients with LTR/IFD will be developed in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Okiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Manabu Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
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Okiyama N, Katz SI. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) regulates the effector function of CD8 T cells via PD-L1 expressed on target keratinocytes. J Autoimmun 2014; 53:1-9. [PMID: 25047812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is an inhibitory molecule expressed by activated T cells. Its ligands (PD-L1 and -L2; PD-Ls) are expressed not only by a variety of leukocytes but also by stromal cells. To assess the role of PD-1 in CD8 T cell-mediated diseases, we used PD-1-knockout (KO) OVA-specific T cell-receptor transgenic (Tg) CD8 T cells (OT-I cells) in a murine model of mucocutaneous graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We found that mice expressing OVA on epidermal keratinocytes (K14-mOVA mice) developed markedly enhanced GVHD-like disease after transfer of PD-1-KO OT-I cells as compared to those mice transferred with wild-type OT-I cells. In addition, K14-mOVA × OT-I double Tg (DTg) mice do not develop GVHD-like disease after adoptive transfer of OT-I cells, while transfer of PD-1-KO OT-I cells caused GVHD-like disease in a Fas/Fas-L independent manner. These results suggest that PD-1/PD-Ls-interactions have stronger inhibitory effects on pathogenic CD8 T cells than does Fas/Fas-L-interactions. Keratinocytes from K14-mOVA mice with GVHD-like skin lesions express PD-L1, while those from mice without the disease do not. These findings reflect the fact that primary keratinocytes express PD-L1 when stimulated by interferon-γ in vitro. When co-cultured with K14-mOVA keratinocytes for 2 days, PD-1-KO OT-I cells exhibited enhanced proliferation and activation compared to wild-type OT-I cells. In addition, knockdown of 50% PD-L1 expression on the keratinocytes with transfection of PD-L1-siRNA enhanced OT-I cell proliferation. In aggregate, our data strongly suggest that PD-L1, expressed on activated target keratinocytes presenting autoantigens, regulates autoaggressive CD8 T cells, and inhibits the development of mucocutaneous autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Okiyama
- Dermatology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 10, 12N250, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Stephen I Katz
- Dermatology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 10, 12N250, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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CXCR3-Mediated Skin Homing of Autoreactive CD8 T Cells Is a Key Determinant in Murine Graft-Versus-Host Disease. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:1552-1560. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bhat P, Leggatt G, Matthaei KI, Frazer IH. The kinematics of cytotoxic lymphocytes influence their ability to kill target cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95248. [PMID: 24801876 PMCID: PMC4011687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL) have been reported to show a range of motility patterns from rapid long-range tracking to complete arrest, but how and whether these kinematics affect their ability to kill target cells is not known. Many in vitro killing assays utilize cell lines and tumour-derived cells as targets, which may be of limited relevance to the kinetics of CTL-mediated killing of somatic cells. Here, live-cell microscopy is used to examine the interactions of CTL and primary murine skin cells presenting antigens. We developed a qualitative and quantitative killing assay using extended-duration fluorescence time-lapse microscopy coupled with large-volume objective software-based data analysis to obtain population data of cell-to-cell interactions, motility and apoptosis. In vivo and ex vivo activated antigen-specific cytotoxic lymphocytes were added to primary keratinocyte targets in culture with fluorometric detection of caspase-3 activation in targets as an objective determinant of apoptosis. We found that activated CTL achieved contact-dependent apoptosis of non-tumour targets after a period of prolonged attachment - on average 21 hours - which was determined by target cell type, amount of antigen, and activation status of CTL. Activation of CTL even without engagement of the T cell receptor was sufficient to mobilise cells significantly above baseline, while the addition of cognate antigen further enhanced their motility. Highly activated CTL showed markedly increased vector displacement, and velocity, and lead to increased antigen-specific target cell death. These data show that the inherent kinematics of CTL correlate directly with their ability to kill non-tumour cells presenting cognate antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnima Bhat
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Graham Leggatt
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Klaus I. Matthaei
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ian H. Frazer
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Semini G, Hildmann A, Klein A, Lucka L, Schön M, Schön MP, Shmanai V, Danker K. Inositol-C2-PAF down-regulates components of the antigen presentation machinery in a 2D-model of epidermal inflammation. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 87:477-88. [PMID: 24291779 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In cutaneous inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis, skin-infiltrating T lymphocytes and dendritic cells modulate keratinocyte function via the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Keratinocytes then produce mediators that recruit and activate immune cells and amplify the inflammatory response. These pathophysiological tissue changes are caused by altered gene expression and the proliferation and maturation of dermal and epidermal cells. We recently demonstrated that the glycosidated phospholipid Ino-C2-PAF down-regulates a plethora of gene products associated with innate and acquired immune responses and inflammation in the HaCaT keratinocyte cell line. To further evaluate the influence of Ino-C2-PAF we established an in vitro 2D-model of epidermal inflammation. The induction of inflammation and the impact of Ino-C2-PAF were assessed in this system using a genome-wide microarray analysis. In addition, the expression of selected genes was validated using qRT-PCR and flow cytometry. Treatment of the keratinocytes with a mix of proinflammatory cytokines resulted in transcriptional effects on a variety of genes involved in cutaneous inflammation and immunity, while additional treatment with Ino-C2-PAF counteracted the induction of many of these genes. Remarkably, Ino-C2-PAF suppressed the expression of a group of targets that are implicated in antigen processing and presentation, including MHC molecules. Thus, it is conceivable that Ino-C2-PAF possess therapeutic potential for inflammatory skin disorders, such as psoriasis and allergic contact dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geo Semini
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Hildmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Klein
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lothar Lucka
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Margarete Schön
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael P Schön
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vadim Shmanai
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Surganova 13, Minsk 220072, Belarus
| | - Kerstin Danker
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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Park MJ, Moon SJ, Lee SH, Yang EJ, Min JK, Cho SG, Yang CW, Park SH, Kim HY, Cho ML. Curcumin attenuates acute graft-versus-host disease severity via in vivo regulations on Th1, Th17 and regulatory T cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67171. [PMID: 23840617 PMCID: PMC3688629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study we examined the in vivo and in vitro effects and mechanisms of action of curcumin on the development of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) using a murine model. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Mixed lymphocyte reactions were used to determine the in vitro effects of curcumin. Treatment with curcumin attenuated alloreactive T cell proliferation and inhibited the production of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17. In a murine acute GVHD model, transplantation of curcumin-treated allogeneic splenocytes into irradiated recipient mice significantly reduced the clinical severity scores of acute GVHD manifested in the liver, skin, colon and lung as compared with animals receiving vehicle-treated splenocytes. c-Fos and c-Jun expression levels in the skin and intestine, which are major target organs, were analyzed using immunohistochemical staining. Expression of both proteins was reduced in epithelial tissues of skin and intestine from curcumin-treated GVHD animals. The IFN-γ-expressing CD4(+) splenocytes and IFN-γ-expressing lymph node cells were dramatically decreased in curcumin-treated mice. In contrast, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) splenocytes were increased in the curcumin-treated acute GVHD animals. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that animals transplanted with curcumin-treated allogeneic splenocytes showed increased populations of CD4(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) as well as CD8(+) Treg cells, compared to animals administered vehicle-treated splenocytes. Curcumin-treated acute GVHD animals could have a change in B cell subpopulations. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE In the present study, we investigated the efficacy and mechanism of action of curcumin treatment against acute GVHD. The acute GVHD mice administered with curcumin-treated splenocytes showed significantly reduced severity of acute GVHD. Curcumin exerted in vivo preventive effects on acute GVHD by reciprocal regulation of T helper 1 (Th1) and Treg (both CD4(+) and CD8(+) Treg) cell lineages as well as B cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Park
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Jin Moon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Lee
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Yang
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun-Ki Min
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok-Goo Cho
- Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chul-Woo Yang
- Transplant Research Center, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Park
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ho-Youn Kim
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-La Cho
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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40
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Silva JM, Videira M, Gaspar R, Préat V, Florindo HF. Immune system targeting by biodegradable nanoparticles for cancer vaccines. J Control Release 2013; 168:179-99. [PMID: 23524187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The concept of therapeutic cancer vaccines is based on the activation of the immune system against tumor cells after the presentation of tumor antigens. Nanoparticles (NPs) have shown great potential as delivery systems for cancer vaccines as they potentiate the co-delivery of tumor-associated antigens and adjuvants to dendritic cells (DCs), insuring effective activation of the immune system against tumor cells. In this review, the immunological mechanisms behind cancer vaccines, including the role of DCs in the stimulation of T lymphocytes and the use of Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands as adjuvants will be discussed. An overview of each of the three essential components of a therapeutic cancer vaccine - antigen, adjuvant and delivery system - will be provided with special emphasis on the potential of particulate delivery systems for cancer vaccines, in particular those made of biodegradable aliphatic polyesters, such as poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL). Some of the factors that can influence NP uptake by DCs, including size, surface charge, surface functionalization and route of administration, will also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana M Silva
- iMed.UL, Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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41
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Manskikh VN, Perelmuter VM. Collateral presentation of antigens as physiological prototype for lymph node metastases. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2013; 78:314-23. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913030152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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42
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Nylén S, Eidsmo L. Tissue damage and immunity in cutaneous leishmaniasis. Parasite Immunol 2012; 34:551-61. [DOI: 10.1111/pim.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Nylén
- Department of Microbiology; Tumor and Cell Biology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm; Sweden
| | - L. Eidsmo
- Molecular Dermatology; Department of Medicine Solna; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm; Sweden
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43
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Mehling A, Eriksson T, Eltze T, Kolle S, Ramirez T, Teubner W, van Ravenzwaay B, Landsiedel R. Non-animal test methods for predicting skin sensitization potentials. Arch Toxicol 2012; 86:1273-95. [PMID: 22707154 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-012-0867-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Contact allergies are complex diseases, and it is estimated that 15-20 % of the general population suffers from contact allergy, with increasing prevalence. Evaluation of the sensitization potential of a substance is usually carried out in animal models. Nowadays, there is much interest in reducing and ultimately replacing current animal tests. Furthermore, as of 2013, the EU has posed a ban on animal testing of cosmetic ingredients that includes skin sensitization. Therefore, predictive and robust in vitro tests are urgently needed. In order to establish alternatives to animal testing, the in vitro tests must mimic the very complex interactions between the sensitizing chemical and the different parts of the immune system. This review article summarizes recent efforts to develop in vitro tests for predicting skin sensitizers. Cell-based assays, in chemico methods and, to a lesser extent, in silico methods are presented together with a discussion of their current status. With considerable progress having been achieved during the last years, the rationale today is that data from different non-animal test methods will have to be combined in order to obtain reliable hazard and potency information on potential skin sensitizers.
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Peiser M, Tralau T, Heidler J, Api AM, Arts JHE, Basketter DA, English J, Diepgen TL, Fuhlbrigge RC, Gaspari AA, Johansen JD, Karlberg AT, Kimber I, Lepoittevin JP, Liebsch M, Maibach HI, Martin SF, Merk HF, Platzek T, Rustemeyer T, Schnuch A, Vandebriel RJ, White IR, Luch A. Allergic contact dermatitis: epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, in vitro methods and regulatory aspects. Current knowledge assembled at an international workshop at BfR, Germany. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 69:763-81. [PMID: 21997384 PMCID: PMC3276771 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0846-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Contact allergies are complex diseases, and one of the important challenges for public health and immunology. The German ‘Federal Institute for Risk Assessment’ hosted an ‘International Workshop on Contact Dermatitis’. The scope of the workshop was to discuss new discoveries and developments in the field of contact dermatitis. This included the epidemiology and molecular biology of contact allergy, as well as the development of new in vitro methods. Furthermore, it considered regulatory aspects aiming to reduce exposure to contact sensitisers. An estimated 15–20% of the general population suffers from contact allergy. Workplace exposure, age, sex, use of consumer products and genetic predispositions were identified as the most important risk factors. Research highlights included: advances in understanding of immune responses to contact sensitisers, the importance of autoxidation or enzyme-mediated oxidation for the activation of chemicals, the mechanisms through which hapten-protein conjugates are formed and the development of novel in vitro strategies for the identification of skin-sensitising chemicals. Dendritic cell cultures and structure-activity relationships are being developed to identify potential contact allergens. However, the local lymph node assay (LLNA) presently remains the validated method of choice for hazard identification and characterisation. At the workshop the use of the LLNA for regulatory purposes and for quantitative risk assessment was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Peiser
- Department of Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Thielallee 88-92, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - T. Tralau
- Department of Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Thielallee 88-92, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Heidler
- Department of Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Thielallee 88-92, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. M. Api
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Hackensack, NJ USA
| | | | | | - J. English
- Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
| | - T. L. Diepgen
- Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - A. A. Gaspari
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - J. D. Johansen
- Department of Derma-allergology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A. T. Karlberg
- Department of Chemistry, Dermatochemistry and Skin Allergy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - I. Kimber
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - M. Liebsch
- Department of Experimental Toxicology and ZEBET, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - H. I. Maibach
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - S. F. Martin
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - H. F. Merk
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospitals Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - T. Platzek
- Department of Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Thielallee 88-92, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - T. Rustemeyer
- VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Schnuch
- Department of Dermatology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - R. J. Vandebriel
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - I. R. White
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
| | - A. Luch
- Department of Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Thielallee 88-92, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Experimental Toxicology and ZEBET, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
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Surasombatpattana P, Hamel R, Patramool S, Luplertlop N, Thomas F, Desprès P, Briant L, Yssel H, Missé D. Dengue virus replication in infected human keratinocytes leads to activation of antiviral innate immune responses. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2011; 11:1664-73. [PMID: 21722754 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral diseases in the world. Vector-mediated transmission of DENV is initiated when a blood-feeding female Aedes mosquito injects saliva, together with the virus, into the skin of its mammalian host. Understanding the role of skin immune cells in the activation of innate immunity to DENV at the early times of infection is a critical issue that remains to be investigated. The purpose of our study was to assess the contribution of human keratinocytes as potential host cells to DENV in the activation of immune responses at the anatomical site of mosquito bite. We show that primary keratinocytes support DENV replication with the production of negative-stranded viral RNAs inside the infected cells. In the course of DENV life cycle, we observed the activation of host genes involved in the antiviral immune responses such as intracellular RNA virus sensors Toll-Like Receptor-3, Retinoic Acid Inducible Gene-I, Melanoma Differentiation Associated gene-5 and the RNA-dependent protein kinase R. DENV infection of primary keratinocytes also resulted in up-regulation of the expression of the antiviral Ribonuclease L gene, which subsequently led to enhanced production of IFN-β and IFN-γ. Depending on stages of viral replication, we observed the activation of host genes encoding the antimicrobial proteins β-defensin and RNase 7 in infected keratinocytes. Our data demonstrate for the first time the permissiveness of human epidermal keratinocytes to DENV infection. Remarkably, DENV replication in keratinocytes contributes to the establishment of antiviral innate immunity that might occur in the early times after the bite of mosquito.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornapat Surasombatpattana
- Laboratoire Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution, Contrôle, UMR 5290 CNRS/IRD/UM1, Montpellier, France
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Hennen J, Aeby P, Goebel C, Schettgen T, Oberli A, Kalmes M, Blömeke B. Cross talk between keratinocytes and dendritic cells: impact on the prediction of sensitization. Toxicol Sci 2011; 123:501-10. [PMID: 21742781 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanistic aspects involved in sensitization by chemicals will help to develop relevant preventive strategies. Many potential sensitizers are not directly immunogenic but require activation outside or inside the skin by nonenzymatic oxidation (prehaptens) or metabolic transformation (prohaptens) prior to being able to induce an immune response. This necessary activation step has not yet been actively integrated into a cell line-based prediction approach. We cocultured HaCaT keratinocytes with THP-1 as dendritic cell-like cells allowing intercellular interactions. The sensitizing potential was determined by analyzing differences in the expression of CD86, CD40, and CD54 on cocultured THP-1 cells. This new assay setup allowed (1) to distinguish irritants from allergens without influencing cell viability and (2) to discriminate pre/prohaptens from haptens. Under coculture conditions, the prohaptens eugenol, 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol, and benzo[a]pyrene induced a significantly higher upregulation of CD86 expression on THP-1. In agreement with the hapten concept, responses to 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, Bandrowski's base, and the prehapten isoeugenol were not significantly modified. Inhibition of cytochrome P450 or NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) activity reduced the prohapten-mediated upregulation of CD86 on cocultured THP-1 cells. This coculture assay allowing cross talk between HaCaT and THP-1 cells appears to be suitable for the detection of prohaptens, is reproducible, easy to perform, and avoids donor variations. In addition, this assay is a promising approach to understand the impact of cross talk on the prediction of sensitization and once established may be integrated in a future in vitro toolbox to detect potential skin sensitizers and may thus contribute to reduce animal testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Hennen
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University Trier, 54286 Trier, Germany
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Impact of alkylphospholipids on the gene expression profile of HaCaT cells. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2011; 21:375-87. [DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e32834549b9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Kaplan DH. In vivo function of Langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells. Trends Immunol 2010; 31:446-51. [PMID: 21035396 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2010.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In the past few years there has been an explosion in the characterization of skin-resident dendritic cells (DCs). This is largely because of the development of several lines of mice with genetic alterations that allow for selective targeting of many of these subsets. There are now considerable data derived from in vivo experiments using these mice. This review focuses on the relative contribution of murine skin-resident DCs in the generation of immune responses to epicutaneous application of ovalbumin and during contact hypersensitivity. We describe a model in which the two best-characterized skin-resident DCs, langerhans cells (LCs) and Langerin(+) dermal DCs (dDCs) have distinct functions: Langerin(+) dDCs initiate and LCs suppress T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Kaplan
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA.
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Elevated epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity suppresses contact hypersensitivity. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 131:158-66. [PMID: 20844550 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2010.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous reports have shown that elevated polyamine biosynthesis is sufficient to promote skin tumorigenesis in susceptible mouse strains. We hypothesized that increased activity of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), a key regulatory enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, may suppress the cutaneous immune response in addition to stimulating proliferation. Using an ODCER transgenic mouse model in which ODC is targeted to the epidermis, we examined the effect of ODC overexpression in keratinocytes on a classic contact hypersensitivity (CHS) response. Compared with normal littermate mice, ODCER transgenic mice showed reduced ear swelling, reduced neutrophil infiltration, and decreased migration of fluorescein isothiocyanate-loaded dendritic cells (DCs) to draining lymph nodes following hapten elicitation of CHS. In addition, elevated epidermal ODC activity suppressed the levels of cytokines keratinocyte-derived chemokine, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-10. Adoptive transfer of lymphocytes from sensitized ODCER transgenic or normal littermate mice to naive ODCER transgenic or wild-type mice indicated that elevated epidermal ODC activity suppresses both the sensitization and elicitation phases of CHS. The specific ODC inhibitor, α-difluoromethylornithine, abrogated all suppressive effects of ODC in CHS reactions. Collectively, these data suggest that the immunosuppression promoted by increased epidermal ODC is mediated by a reduction in cytokine levels, which suppresses DC migration and reduces immune cell infiltration to the site of hapten application.
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Possible implication of local immune response in Darier's disease: an immunohistochemical characterization of lesional inflammatory infiltrate. Mediators Inflamm 2010; 2010:350304. [PMID: 20671948 PMCID: PMC2910469 DOI: 10.1155/2010/350304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-mediated immunity is considered to be normal in Darier's Disease (DD), an inherited skin disorder complicated by skin infections. To date, there are no investigations on the local inflammatory infiltrate in DD skin lesions. In this immunohistochemical study we characterized and quantified it, making comparisons with two other inflammatory skin disorders, that is, pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and lichen ruber planus (LRP), and with the normal skin (NSk). We found a significant (P < .05) decrease of CD1a+ Langerhans cells (LCs) in DD, compared to PV, LRP, and NSk, and of CD123+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), compared to PV and LRP. We hypothesize that the genetic damage of keratinocytes might result in a loss of some subsets of dendritic cells and, consequently, in an impaired local immune response, which might worsen the infections that inevitably occur in this disease.
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