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Mooij P, Mortier D, Aartse A, Murad AB, Correia R, Roldão A, Alves PM, Fagrouch Z, Eggink D, Stockhofe N, Engelhardt OG, Verschoor EJ, van Gils MJ, Bogers WM, Carrondo MJT, Remarque EJ, Koopman G. Vaccine-induced neutralizing antibody responses to seasonal influenza virus H1N1 strains are not enhanced during subsequent pandemic H1N1 infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1256094. [PMID: 37691927 PMCID: PMC10484506 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1256094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The first exposure to influenza is presumed to shape the B-cell antibody repertoire, leading to preferential enhancement of the initially formed responses during subsequent exposure to viral variants. Here, we investigated whether this principle remains applicable when there are large genetic and antigenic differences between primary and secondary influenza virus antigens. Because humans usually have a complex history of influenza virus exposure, we conducted this investigation in influenza-naive cynomolgus macaques. Two groups of six macaques were immunized four times with influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) displaying either one (monovalent) or five (pentavalent) different hemagglutinin (HA) antigens derived from seasonal H1N1 (H1N1) strains. Four weeks after the final immunization, animals were challenged with pandemic H1N1 (H1N1pdm09). Although immunization resulted in robust virus-neutralizing responses to all VLP-based vaccine strains, there were no cross-neutralization responses to H1N1pdm09, and all animals became infected. No reductions in viral load in the nose or throat were detected in either vaccine group. After infection, strong virus-neutralizing responses to H1N1pdm09 were induced. However, there were no increases in virus-neutralizing titers against four of the five H1N1 vaccine strains; and only a mild increase was observed in virus-neutralizing titer against the influenza A/Texas/36/91 vaccine strain. After H1N1pdm09 infection, both vaccine groups showed higher virus-neutralizing titers against two H1N1 strains of intermediate antigenic distance between the H1N1 vaccine strains and H1N1pdm09, compared with the naive control group. Furthermore, both vaccine groups had higher HA-stem antibodies early after infection than the control group. In conclusion, immunization with VLPs displaying HA from antigenically distinct H1N1 variants increased the breadth of the immune response during subsequent H1N1pdm09 challenge, although this phenomenon was limited to intermediate antigenic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Mooij
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Daniella Mortier
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Aafke Aartse
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alexandre B. Murad
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (IBET), Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Correia
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (IBET), Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - António Roldão
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (IBET), Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paula M. Alves
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (IBET), Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Zahra Fagrouch
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Dirk Eggink
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Norbert Stockhofe
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research/Wageningen University & Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Othmar G. Engelhardt
- Vaccines, Science, Research and Innovation Group, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Ernst J. Verschoor
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Marit J. van Gils
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Willy M. Bogers
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | | | - Edmond J. Remarque
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Koopman
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands
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2
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Goethals O, Kaptein SJF, Kesteleyn B, Bonfanti JF, Van Wesenbeeck L, Bardiot D, Verschoor EJ, Verstrepen BE, Fagrouch Z, Putnak JR, Kiemel D, Ackaert O, Straetemans R, Lachau-Durand S, Geluykens P, Crabbe M, Thys K, Stoops B, Lenz O, Tambuyzer L, De Meyer S, Dallmeier K, McCracken MK, Gromowski GD, Rutvisuttinunt W, Jarman RG, Karasavvas N, Touret F, Querat G, de Lamballerie X, Chatel-Chaix L, Milligan GN, Beasley DWC, Bourne N, Barrett ADT, Marchand A, Jonckers THM, Raboisson P, Simmen K, Chaltin P, Bartenschlager R, Bogers WM, Neyts J, Van Loock M. Blocking NS3-NS4B interaction inhibits dengue virus in non-human primates. Nature 2023; 615:678-686. [PMID: 36922586 PMCID: PMC10033419 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05790-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is a major health threat and the number of symptomatic infections caused by the four dengue serotypes is estimated to be 96 million1 with annually around 10,000 deaths2. However, no antiviral drugs are available for the treatment or prophylaxis of dengue. We recently described the interaction between non-structural proteins NS3 and NS4B as a promising target for the development of pan-serotype dengue virus (DENV) inhibitors3. Here we present JNJ-1802-a highly potent DENV inhibitor that blocks the NS3-NS4B interaction within the viral replication complex. JNJ-1802 exerts picomolar to low nanomolar in vitro antiviral activity, a high barrier to resistance and potent in vivo efficacy in mice against infection with any of the four DENV serotypes. Finally, we demonstrate that the small-molecule inhibitor JNJ-1802 is highly effective against viral infection with DENV-1 or DENV-2 in non-human primates. JNJ-1802 has successfully completed a phase I first-in-human clinical study in healthy volunteers and was found to be safe and well tolerated4. These findings support the further clinical development of JNJ-1802, a first-in-class antiviral agent against dengue, which is now progressing in clinical studies for the prevention and treatment of dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Goethals
- Janssen Global Public Health, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Suzanne J F Kaptein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Kesteleyn
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Bonfanti
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Discovery, Janssen-Cilag, Val de Reuil, France
- Galapagos, Romainville, France
| | | | | | - Ernst J Verschoor
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Babs E Verstrepen
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Zahra Fagrouch
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - J Robert Putnak
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Dominik Kiemel
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Ackaert
- Janssen Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Roel Straetemans
- Statistics and Decision Sciences, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Peggy Geluykens
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
- Discovery, Charles River Beerse, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Marjolein Crabbe
- Statistics and Decision Sciences, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Kim Thys
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Bart Stoops
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Oliver Lenz
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Lotke Tambuyzer
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Sandra De Meyer
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Kai Dallmeier
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael K McCracken
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Gregory D Gromowski
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Wiriya Rutvisuttinunt
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Richard G Jarman
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Nicos Karasavvas
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Franck Touret
- Unité des Virus Émergents, Aix-Marseille Université-IRD 190-Inserm 1207, Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Querat
- Unité des Virus Émergents, Aix-Marseille Université-IRD 190-Inserm 1207, Marseille, France
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents, Aix-Marseille Université-IRD 190-Inserm 1207, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Chatel-Chaix
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research, Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gregg N Milligan
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch Health, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - David W C Beasley
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch Health, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Nigel Bourne
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch Health, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Alan D T Barrett
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch Health, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Tim H M Jonckers
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Pierre Raboisson
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
- Galapagos NV, Mechelen, Belgium
| | | | - Patrick Chaltin
- Cistim Leuven vzw, Leuven, Belgium
- Centre for Drug Design and Discovery (CD3), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Heidelberg Partner Site, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Willy M Bogers
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Neyts
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Global Virus Network (GVN), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marnix Van Loock
- Janssen Global Public Health, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium.
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Philippens IHCHM, Böszörményi KP, Wubben JAM, Fagrouch ZC, van Driel N, Mayenburg AQ, Lozovagia D, Roos E, Schurink B, Bugiani M, Bontrop RE, Middeldorp J, Bogers WM, de Geus-Oei LF, Langermans JAM, Verschoor EJ, Stammes MA, Verstrepen BE. Brain Inflammation and Intracellular α-Synuclein Aggregates in Macaques after SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040776. [PMID: 35458506 PMCID: PMC9025893 DOI: 10.3390/v14040776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 causes acute respiratory disease, but many patients also experience neurological complications. Neuropathological changes with pronounced neuroinflammation have been described in individuals after lethal COVID-19, as well as in the CSF of hospitalized patients with neurological complications. To assess whether neuropathological changes can occur after a SARS-CoV-2 infection, leading to mild-to-moderate disease, we investigated the brains of four rhesus and four cynomolgus macaques after pulmonary disease and without overt clinical symptoms. Postmortem analysis demonstrated the infiltration of T-cells and activated microglia in the parenchyma of all infected animals, even in the absence of viral antigen or RNA. Moreover, intracellular α-synuclein aggregates were found in the brains of both macaque species. The heterogeneity of these manifestations in the brains indicates the virus’ neuropathological potential and should be considered a warning for long-term health risks, following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid H. C. H. M. Philippens
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands; (I.H.C.H.M.P.); (K.P.B.); (J.A.M.W.); (Z.C.F.); (N.v.D.); (A.Q.M.); (D.L.); (R.E.B.); (J.M.); (W.M.B.); (J.A.M.L.); (M.A.S.); (B.E.V.)
| | - Kinga P. Böszörményi
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands; (I.H.C.H.M.P.); (K.P.B.); (J.A.M.W.); (Z.C.F.); (N.v.D.); (A.Q.M.); (D.L.); (R.E.B.); (J.M.); (W.M.B.); (J.A.M.L.); (M.A.S.); (B.E.V.)
| | - Jacqueline A. M. Wubben
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands; (I.H.C.H.M.P.); (K.P.B.); (J.A.M.W.); (Z.C.F.); (N.v.D.); (A.Q.M.); (D.L.); (R.E.B.); (J.M.); (W.M.B.); (J.A.M.L.); (M.A.S.); (B.E.V.)
| | - Zahra C. Fagrouch
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands; (I.H.C.H.M.P.); (K.P.B.); (J.A.M.W.); (Z.C.F.); (N.v.D.); (A.Q.M.); (D.L.); (R.E.B.); (J.M.); (W.M.B.); (J.A.M.L.); (M.A.S.); (B.E.V.)
| | - Nikki van Driel
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands; (I.H.C.H.M.P.); (K.P.B.); (J.A.M.W.); (Z.C.F.); (N.v.D.); (A.Q.M.); (D.L.); (R.E.B.); (J.M.); (W.M.B.); (J.A.M.L.); (M.A.S.); (B.E.V.)
| | - Amber Q. Mayenburg
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands; (I.H.C.H.M.P.); (K.P.B.); (J.A.M.W.); (Z.C.F.); (N.v.D.); (A.Q.M.); (D.L.); (R.E.B.); (J.M.); (W.M.B.); (J.A.M.L.); (M.A.S.); (B.E.V.)
| | - Diana Lozovagia
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands; (I.H.C.H.M.P.); (K.P.B.); (J.A.M.W.); (Z.C.F.); (N.v.D.); (A.Q.M.); (D.L.); (R.E.B.); (J.M.); (W.M.B.); (J.A.M.L.); (M.A.S.); (B.E.V.)
| | - Eva Roos
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.R.); (B.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Bernadette Schurink
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.R.); (B.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Marianna Bugiani
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.R.); (B.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Ronald E. Bontrop
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands; (I.H.C.H.M.P.); (K.P.B.); (J.A.M.W.); (Z.C.F.); (N.v.D.); (A.Q.M.); (D.L.); (R.E.B.); (J.M.); (W.M.B.); (J.A.M.L.); (M.A.S.); (B.E.V.)
- Department of Biology, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jinte Middeldorp
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands; (I.H.C.H.M.P.); (K.P.B.); (J.A.M.W.); (Z.C.F.); (N.v.D.); (A.Q.M.); (D.L.); (R.E.B.); (J.M.); (W.M.B.); (J.A.M.L.); (M.A.S.); (B.E.V.)
| | - Willy M. Bogers
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands; (I.H.C.H.M.P.); (K.P.B.); (J.A.M.W.); (Z.C.F.); (N.v.D.); (A.Q.M.); (D.L.); (R.E.B.); (J.M.); (W.M.B.); (J.A.M.L.); (M.A.S.); (B.E.V.)
| | - Lioe-Fee de Geus-Oei
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, University of Twente, 7522 ND Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A. M. Langermans
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands; (I.H.C.H.M.P.); (K.P.B.); (J.A.M.W.); (Z.C.F.); (N.v.D.); (A.Q.M.); (D.L.); (R.E.B.); (J.M.); (W.M.B.); (J.A.M.L.); (M.A.S.); (B.E.V.)
- Department Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ernst J. Verschoor
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands; (I.H.C.H.M.P.); (K.P.B.); (J.A.M.W.); (Z.C.F.); (N.v.D.); (A.Q.M.); (D.L.); (R.E.B.); (J.M.); (W.M.B.); (J.A.M.L.); (M.A.S.); (B.E.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marieke A. Stammes
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands; (I.H.C.H.M.P.); (K.P.B.); (J.A.M.W.); (Z.C.F.); (N.v.D.); (A.Q.M.); (D.L.); (R.E.B.); (J.M.); (W.M.B.); (J.A.M.L.); (M.A.S.); (B.E.V.)
| | - Babs E. Verstrepen
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands; (I.H.C.H.M.P.); (K.P.B.); (J.A.M.W.); (Z.C.F.); (N.v.D.); (A.Q.M.); (D.L.); (R.E.B.); (J.M.); (W.M.B.); (J.A.M.L.); (M.A.S.); (B.E.V.)
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Aartse A, Eggink D, Claireaux M, van Leeuwen S, Mooij P, Bogers WM, Sanders RW, Koopman G, van Gils MJ. Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin Trimer, Head and Stem Proteins Identify and Quantify Different Hemagglutinin-Specific B Cell Subsets in Humans. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9070717. [PMID: 34358138 PMCID: PMC8310015 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody responses against the influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA)-protein are studied intensively because they can protect against (re)infection. Previous studies have focused on antibodies targeting the head or stem domains, while other possible specificities are often not taken into account. To study such specificities, we developed a diverse set of HA-domain proteins based on an H1N1pdm2009-like influenza virus strain, including monomeric head and trimeric stem domain, as well as the full HA-trimer. These proteins were used to study the B cell and antibody responses in six healthy human donors. A large proportion of HA-trimer B cells bound exclusively to HA-trimer probe (54-77%), while only 8-18% and 9-23% were able to recognize the stem or head probe, respectively. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were isolated and three of these mAbs, targeting the different domains, were characterized in-depth to confirm the binding profile observed in flow cytometry. The head-directed mAb, targeting an epitope distinct from known head-specific mAbs, showed relatively broad H1N1 neutralization and the stem-directed mAb was able to broadly neutralize diverse H1N1 viruses. Moreover, we identified a trimer-directed mAb that did not compete with known head or stem domain specific mAbs, suggesting that it targets an unknown epitope or conformation of influenza virus' HA. These observations indicate that the described method can characterize the diverse antibody response to HA and might be able to identify HA-specific B cells and antibodies with previously unknown specificities that could be relevant for vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aafke Aartse
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands; (A.A.); (P.M.); (W.M.B.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.E.); (M.C.); (S.v.L.); (R.W.S.)
| | - Dirk Eggink
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.E.); (M.C.); (S.v.L.); (R.W.S.)
| | - Mathieu Claireaux
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.E.); (M.C.); (S.v.L.); (R.W.S.)
| | - Sarah van Leeuwen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.E.); (M.C.); (S.v.L.); (R.W.S.)
| | - Petra Mooij
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands; (A.A.); (P.M.); (W.M.B.)
| | - Willy M. Bogers
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands; (A.A.); (P.M.); (W.M.B.)
| | - Rogier W. Sanders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.E.); (M.C.); (S.v.L.); (R.W.S.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Gerrit Koopman
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands; (A.A.); (P.M.); (W.M.B.)
- Correspondence: (G.K.); (M.J.v.G.)
| | - Marit J. van Gils
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.E.); (M.C.); (S.v.L.); (R.W.S.)
- Correspondence: (G.K.); (M.J.v.G.)
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5
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Genzel L, Adan R, Berns A, van den Beucken JJJP, Blokland A, Boddeke EHWGM, Bogers WM, Bontrop R, Bulthuis R, Bousema T, Clevers H, Coenen TCJJ, van Dam AM, Deen PMT, van Dijk KW, Eggen BJL, Elgersma Y, Erdogan I, Englitz B, Fentener van Vlissingen JM, la Fleur S, Fouchier R, Fitzsimons CP, Frieling W, Haagmans B, Heesters BA, Henckens MJAG, Herfst S, Hol E, van den Hove D, de Jonge MI, Jonkers J, Joosten LAB, Kalsbeek A, Kamermans M, Kampinga HH, Kas MJ, Keijer J, Kersten S, Kiliaan AJ, Kooij TWA, Kooijman S, Koopman WJH, Korosi A, Krugers HJ, Kuiken T, Kushner SA, Langermans JAM, Lesscher HMB, Lucassen PJ, Lutgens E, Netea MG, Noldus LPJJ, van der Meer JWM, Meye FJ, Mul JD, van Oers K, Olivier JDA, Pasterkamp RJ, Philippens IHCHM, Prickaerts J, Pollux BJA, Rensen PCN, van Rheenen J, van Rij RP, Ritsma L, Rockx BHG, Roozendaal B, van Schothorst EM, Stittelaar K, Stockhofe N, Swaab DF, de Swart RL, Vanderschuren LJMJ, de Vries TJ, de Vrij F, van Wezel R, Wierenga CJ, Wiesmann M, Willuhn I, de Zeeuw CI, Homberg JR. How the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the necessity of animal research. Curr Biol 2020; 30:4328. [PMID: 33142090 PMCID: PMC7605800 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Genzel L, Adan R, Berns A, van den Beucken JJJP, Blokland A, Boddeke EHWGM, Bogers WM, Bontrop R, Bulthuis R, Bousema T, Clevers H, Coenen TCJJ, van Dam AM, Deen PMT, van Dijk KW, Eggen BJL, Elgersma Y, Erdogan I, Englitz B, Fentener van Vlissingen JM, la Fleur S, Fouchier R, Fitzsimons CP, Frieling W, Haagmans B, Heesters BA, Henckens MJAG, Herfst S, Hol E, van den Hove D, de Jonge MI, Jonkers J, Joosten LAB, Kalsbeek A, Kamermans M, Kampinga HH, Kas MJ, Keijer JA, Kersten S, Kiliaan AJ, Kooij TWA, Kooijman S, Koopman WJH, Korosi A, Krugers HJ, Kuiken T, Kushner SA, Langermans JAM, Lesscher HMB, Lucassen PJ, Lutgens E, Netea MG, Noldus LPJJ, van der Meer JWM, Meye FJ, Mul JD, van Oers K, Olivier JDA, Pasterkamp RJ, Philippens IHCHM, Prickaerts J, Pollux BJA, Rensen PCN, van Rheenen J, van Rij RP, Ritsma L, Rockx BHG, Roozendaal B, van Schothorst EM, Stittelaar K, Stockhofe N, Swaab DF, de Swart RL, Vanderschuren LJMJ, de Vries TJ, de Vrij F, van Wezel R, Wierenga CJ, Wiesmann M, Willuhn I, de Zeeuw CI, Homberg JR. How the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the necessity of animal research. Curr Biol 2020; 30:R1014-R1018. [PMID: 32961149 PMCID: PMC7416712 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a petition was offered to the European Commission calling for an immediate ban on animal testing. Although a Europe-wide moratorium on the use of animals in science is not yet possible, there has been a push by the non-scientific community and politicians for a rapid transition to animal-free innovations. Although there are benefits for both animal welfare and researchers, advances on alternative methods have not progressed enough to be able to replace animal research in the foreseeable future. This trend has led first and foremost to a substantial increase in the administrative burden and hurdles required to make timely advances in research and treatments for human and animal diseases. The current COVID-19 pandemic clearly highlights how much we actually rely on animal research. COVID-19 affects several organs and systems, and the various animal-free alternatives currently available do not come close to this complexity. In this Essay, we therefore argue that the use of animals is essential for the advancement of human and veterinary health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Genzel
- Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Roger Adan
- University Medical Center, Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anton Berns
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Arjan Blokland
- Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Erik H W G M Boddeke
- University of Groningen, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Willy M Bogers
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Bontrop
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - R Bulthuis
- Metris BV, 2132 NG Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - Teun Bousema
- Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- University Medical Center, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anne-Marie van Dam
- Amsterdam UMC, location VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - K W van Dijk
- Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bart J L Eggen
- University of Groningen, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ype Elgersma
- Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Izel Erdogan
- Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Susanne la Fleur
- Amsterdam UMC, location VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron Fouchier
- Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos P Fitzsimons
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bart Haagmans
- Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Balthasar A Heesters
- Amsterdam UMC, location VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sander Herfst
- Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elly Hol
- University Medical Center, Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marien I de Jonge
- Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Kamermans
- Amsterdam UMC, location VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harm H Kampinga
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martien J Kas
- University of Groningen, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Aap Keijer
- Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kersten
- Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda J Kiliaan
- Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Taco W A Kooij
- Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Aniko Korosi
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harm J Krugers
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs Kuiken
- Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven A Kushner
- Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A M Langermans
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands; Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Paul J Lucassen
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Amsterdam UMC, location VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Frank J Meye
- University Medical Center, Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joram D Mul
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kees van Oers
- Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands; Netherlands Institute of Ecology(NIOO-KNAW), 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - R Jeroen Pasterkamp
- University Medical Center, Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jos Prickaerts
- Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - B J A Pollux
- Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ronald P van Rij
- Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laila Ritsma
- Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Barry H G Rockx
- Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benno Roozendaal
- Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - K Stittelaar
- Viroclinics Xplore, 5374 RE Schaijk, The Netherlands
| | - Norbert Stockhofe
- Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands; Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Dick F Swaab
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rik L de Swart
- Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Taco J de Vries
- Amsterdam UMC, location VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke de Vrij
- Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Ingo Willuhn
- Amsterdam UMC, location VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris I de Zeeuw
- Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judith R Homberg
- Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Sliepen K, Han BW, Bontjer I, Mooij P, Garces F, Behrens AJ, Rantalainen K, Kumar S, Sarkar A, Brouwer PJM, Hua Y, Tolazzi M, Schermer E, Torres JL, Ozorowski G, van der Woude P, de la Peña AT, van Breemen MJ, Camacho-Sánchez JM, Burger JA, Medina-Ramírez M, González N, Alcami J, LaBranche C, Scarlatti G, van Gils MJ, Crispin M, Montefiori DC, Ward AB, Koopman G, Moore JP, Shattock RJ, Bogers WM, Wilson IA, Sanders RW. Structure and immunogenicity of a stabilized HIV-1 envelope trimer based on a group-M consensus sequence. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2355. [PMID: 31142746 PMCID: PMC6541627 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10262-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stabilized HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Env) that resemble the native Env are utilized in vaccination strategies aimed at inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). To limit the exposure of rare isolate-specific antigenic residues/determinants we generated a SOSIP trimer based on a consensus sequence of all HIV-1 group M isolates (ConM). The ConM trimer displays the epitopes of most known bNAbs and several germline bNAb precursors. The crystal structure of the ConM trimer at 3.9 Å resolution resembles that of the native Env trimer and its antigenic surface displays few rare residues. The ConM trimer elicits strong NAb responses against the autologous virus in rabbits and macaques that are significantly enhanced when it is presented on ferritin nanoparticles. The dominant NAb specificity is directed against an epitope at or close to the trimer apex. Immunogens based on consensus sequences might have utility in engineering vaccines against HIV-1 and other viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwinten Sliepen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Byung Woo Han
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps CHAVI-ID, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center and Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. .,Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
| | - Ilja Bontjer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Petra Mooij
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2280 GH, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Garces
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps CHAVI-ID, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center and Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Department of Therapeutics Discovery, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Anna-Janina Behrens
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.,New England Biolabs Inc., 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA, 01938, USA
| | - Kimmo Rantalainen
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps CHAVI-ID, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center and Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Sonu Kumar
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps CHAVI-ID, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center and Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Anita Sarkar
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps CHAVI-ID, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center and Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Philip J M Brouwer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Yuanzi Hua
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps CHAVI-ID, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center and Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Monica Tolazzi
- Viral Evolution and Transmission Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Edith Schermer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan L Torres
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps CHAVI-ID, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center and Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Gabriel Ozorowski
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps CHAVI-ID, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center and Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Patricia van der Woude
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Alba Torrents de la Peña
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle J van Breemen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Juan Miguel Camacho-Sánchez
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Judith A Burger
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Max Medina-Ramírez
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Nuria González
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28220, Spain
| | - Jose Alcami
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28220, Spain
| | - Celia LaBranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Gabriella Scarlatti
- Viral Evolution and Transmission Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Marit J van Gils
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Max Crispin
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.,Centre for Biological Sciences and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - David C Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps CHAVI-ID, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center and Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Gerrit Koopman
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2280 GH, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - John P Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Robin J Shattock
- Section of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Willy M Bogers
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2280 GH, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps CHAVI-ID, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center and Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. .,The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Rogier W Sanders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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8
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Mooij P, Grødeland G, Koopman G, Andersen TK, Mortier D, Nieuwenhuis IG, Verschoor EJ, Fagrouch Z, Bogers WM, Bogen B. Needle-free delivery of DNA: Targeting of hemagglutinin to MHC class II molecules protects rhesus macaques against H1N1 influenza. Vaccine 2019; 37:817-826. [PMID: 30638800 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Conventional influenza vaccines are hampered by slow and limited production capabilities, whereas DNA vaccines can be rapidly produced for global coverage in the event of an emerging pandemic. However, a drawback of DNA vaccines is their generally low immunogenicity in non-human primates and humans. We have previously demonstrated that targeting of influenza hemagglutinin to human HLA class II molecules can increase antibody responses in larger animals such as ferrets and pigs. Here, we extend these observations by immunizing non-human primates (rhesus macaques) with a DNA vaccine encoding a bivalent fusion protein that targets influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) to Mamu class II molecules. Such immunization induced neutralizing antibodies and antigen-specific T cells. The DNA was delivered by pain- and needle-free jet injections intradermally. No adverse effects were observed. Most importantly, the immunized rhesus macaques were protected against a challenge with influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Mooij
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Gunnveig Grødeland
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, N-0027 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Gerrit Koopman
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Tor Kristian Andersen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, N-0027 Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Zahra Fagrouch
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Willy M Bogers
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Bjarne Bogen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, N-0027 Oslo, Norway
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9
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Verstrepen BE, Nieuwenhuis IG, Mooij P, Bogers WM, Boonstra A, Koopman G. Spontaneous and natural cytotoxicity receptor-mediated cytotoxicity are effector functions of distinct natural killer subsets in hepatitis C virus-infected chimpanzees. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 185:42-9. [PMID: 26850369 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, CD16 and CD56 are used to identify functionally distinct natural killer (NK) subsets. Due to ubiquitous CD56 expression, this marker cannot be used to distinguish between NK cell subsets in chimpanzees. Therefore, functional analysis of distinct NK subsets during hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has never been performed in these animals. In the present study an alternative strategy was used to identify four distinct NK subsets on the basis of the expression of CD16 and CD94. The expression of activating and inhibiting surface receptors showed that these subsets resemble human NK subsets. CD107 expression was used to determine degranulation of the different subsets in naive and HCV-infected chimpanzees. In HCV-infected chimpanzees increased spontaneous cytotoxicity was observed in CD94(high/dim) CD16(pos) and CD94(low) CD16(pos) subsets. By contrast, increased natural cytotoxicity receptor (NCR)- mediated degranulation after NKp30 and NKp44 triggering was demonstrated in the CD94(dim) CD16(neg) subset. Our findings suggest that spontaneous and NCR-mediated cytotoxicity are effector functions of distinct NK subsets in HCV-infected chimpanzees.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Verstrepen
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - I G Nieuwenhuis
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - P Mooij
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - W M Bogers
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - A Boonstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - G Koopman
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
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10
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't Hart BA, Bogers WM, Haanstra KG, Verreck FA, Kocken CH. The translational value of non-human primates in preclinical research on infection and immunopathology. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 759:69-83. [PMID: 25814254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The immune system plays a central role in the defense against environmental threats - such as infection with viruses, parasites or bacteria - but can also be a cause of disease, such as in the case of allergic or autoimmune disorders. In the past decades the impressive development of biotechnology has provided scientists with biological tools for the development of highly selective treatments for the different types of disorders. However, despite some clear successes the translation of scientific discoveries into effective treatments has remained challenging. The often-disappointing predictive validity of the preclinical animal models that are used in the selection of the most promising vaccine or drug candidates is the Achilles heel in the therapy development process. This publication summarizes the relevance and usage of non-human primates as pre-clinical model in infectious and autoimmune diseases, in particular for biologicals, which due to their high species-specificity are inactive in lower species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert A 't Hart
- Department Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Department Neuroscience, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Willy M Bogers
- Department Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
| | - Krista G Haanstra
- Department Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank A Verreck
- Department Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
| | - Clemens H Kocken
- Department Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
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11
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Verstrepen BE, Oostermeijer H, Fagrouch Z, van Heteren M, Niphuis H, Haaksma T, Kondova I, Bogers WM, de Filette M, Sanders N, Stertman L, Magnusson S, Lőrincz O, Lisziewicz J, Barzon L, Palù G, Diamond MS, Chabierski S, Ulbert S, Verschoor EJ. Vaccine-induced protection of rhesus macaques against plasma viremia after intradermal infection with a European lineage 1 strain of West Nile virus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112568. [PMID: 25392925 PMCID: PMC4231036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mosquito-borne West Nile virus (WNV) causes human and animal disease with outbreaks in several parts of the world including North America, the Mediterranean countries, Central and East Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. Particularly in elderly people and individuals with an impaired immune system, infection with WNV can progress into a serious neuroinvasive disease. Currently, no treatment or vaccine is available to protect humans against infection or disease. The goal of this study was to develop a WNV-vaccine that is safe to use in these high-risk human target populations. We performed a vaccine efficacy study in non-human primates using the contemporary, pathogenic European WNV genotype 1a challenge strain, WNV-Ita09. Two vaccine strategies were evaluated in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) using recombinant soluble WNV envelope (E) ectodomain adjuvanted with Matrix-M, either with or without DNA priming. The DNA priming immunization was performed with WNV-DermaVir nanoparticles. Both vaccination strategies successfully induced humoral and cellular immune responses that completely protected the macaques against the development of viremia. In addition, the vaccine was well tolerated by all animals. Overall, The WNV E protein adjuvanted with Matrix-M is a promising vaccine candidate for a non-infectious WNV vaccine for use in humans, including at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babs E. Verstrepen
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Herman Oostermeijer
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Zahra Fagrouch
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie van Heteren
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Niphuis
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Haaksma
- Animal Science Department, Division of Pathology and Microbiology, BPRC Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Ivanela Kondova
- Animal Science Department, Division of Pathology and Microbiology, BPRC Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Willy M. Bogers
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Marina de Filette
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Niek Sanders
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Luisa Barzon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Palù
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology and Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Stefan Chabierski
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ulbert
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ernst J. Verschoor
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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12
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Bogers WM, Oostermeijer H, Mooij P, Koopman G, Verschoor EJ, Davis D, Ulmer JB, Brito LA, Cu Y, Banerjee K, Otten GR, Burke B, Dey A, Heeney JL, Shen X, Tomaras GD, Labranche C, Montefiori DC, Liao HX, Haynes B, Geall AJ, Barnett SW. Potent immune responses in rhesus macaques induced by nonviral delivery of a self-amplifying RNA vaccine expressing HIV type 1 envelope with a cationic nanoemulsion. J Infect Dis 2014; 211:947-55. [PMID: 25234719 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-amplifying messenger RNA (mRNA) of positive-strand RNA viruses are effective vectors for in situ expression of vaccine antigens and have potential as a new vaccine technology platform well suited for global health applications. The SAM vaccine platform is based on a synthetic, self-amplifying mRNA delivered by a nonviral delivery system. The safety and immunogenicity of an HIV SAM vaccine encoding a clade C envelope glycoprotein formulated with a cationic nanoemulsion (CNE) delivery system was evaluated in rhesus macaques. The HIV SAM vaccine induced potent cellular immune responses that were greater in magnitude than those induced by self-amplifying mRNA packaged in a viral replicon particle (VRP) or by a recombinant HIV envelope protein formulated with MF59 adjuvant, anti-envelope binding (including anti-V1V2), and neutralizing antibody responses that exceeded those induced by the VRP vaccine. These studies provide the first evidence in nonhuman primates that HIV vaccination with a relatively low dose (50 µg) of formulated self-amplifying mRNA is safe and immunogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy M Bogers
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | | | - Petra Mooij
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Koopman
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | | | - David Davis
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Yen Cu
- Novartis Vacccines, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Brian Burke
- Novartis Vacccines, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Antu Dey
- Novartis Vacccines, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan L Heeney
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Celia Labranche
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - David C Montefiori
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Hua-Xin Liao
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Barton Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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13
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Verstrepen BE, Fagrouch Z, van Heteren M, Buitendijk H, Haaksma T, Beenhakker N, Palù G, Richner JM, Diamond MS, Bogers WM, Barzon L, Chabierski S, Ulbert S, Kondova I, Verschoor EJ. Experimental infection of rhesus macaques and common marmosets with a European strain of West Nile virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e2797. [PMID: 24743302 PMCID: PMC3990483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that infects humans and other mammals. In some cases WNV causes severe neurological disease. During recent years, outbreaks of WNV are increasing in worldwide distribution and novel genetic variants of the virus have been detected. Although a substantial amount of data exists on WNV infections in rodent models, little is known about early events during WNV infection in primates, including humans. To gain a deeper understanding of this process, we performed experimental infections of rhesus macaques and common marmosets with a virulent European WNV strain (WNV-Ita09) and monitored virological, hematological, and biochemical parameters. WNV-Ita09 productively infected both monkey species, with higher replication and wider tissue distribution in common marmosets compared to rhesus macaques. The animals in this study however, did not develop clinical signs of WNV disease, nor showed substantial deviations in clinical laboratory parameters. In both species, the virus induced a rapid CD56dimCD16bright natural killer response, followed by IgM and IgG antibody responses. The results of this study show that healthy rhesus macaques and common marmosets are promising animal models to study WNV-Ita09 infection. Both models may be particularly of use to evaluate potential vaccine candidates or to investigate WNV pathogenesis. West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne virus that can infect mammals, including humans. Most infected humans do not develop disease, but in about 20% of cases humans develop WNV-related disease symptoms, varying in severity from fever to a sometimes life-threatening neuro-invasive disease. The number of WNV infections in Europe has increased in recent years and is caused by viruses that are genetically different from the viruses that caused the WNV epidemic in North America. In this study, we have experimentally infected two different monkey species, rhesus macaques and common marmosets, with the European WNV isolate Ita09 to evaluate the early events after infection and the onset of the disease. Both species were equally susceptible to infection with WNV-Ita09, but differences between species were observed. Compared to rhesus macaques, common marmosets had higher virus loads in blood, and presented a wider distribution of the virus in various organs. Based on the analysis of virological, immunological, biochemical and hematological parameters, we conclude that rhesus macaques as well as common marmosets are potentially useful animal models to evaluate vaccine candidates or to investigate WNV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babs E. Verstrepen
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Zahra Fagrouch
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie van Heteren
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Hester Buitendijk
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Haaksma
- Animal Science Department, Division of Pathology and Microbiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Beenhakker
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Giorgio Palù
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Justin M. Richner
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Willy M. Bogers
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Luisa Barzon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefan Chabierski
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ulbert
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ivanela Kondova
- Animal Science Department, Division of Pathology and Microbiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Ernst J. Verschoor
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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14
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Verstrepen BE, Verschoor EJ, Fagrouch ZC, Mooij P, de Groot NG, Bontrop RE, Bogers WM, Heeney JL, Koopman G. Strong vaccine-induced CD8 T-cell responses have cytolytic function in a chimpanzee clearing HCV infection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95103. [PMID: 24740375 PMCID: PMC3989318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A single correlate of effective vaccine protection against chronic HCV infection has yet to be defined. In this study, we analyzed T-cell responses in four chimpanzees, immunized with core-E1-E2-NS3 and subsequently infected with HCV1b. Viral clearance was observed in one animal, while the other three became chronically infected. In the animal that cleared infection, NS3-specific CD8 T-cell responses were observed to be more potent in terms of frequency and polyfunctionality of cytokine producing cells. Unique to this animal was the presence of killing-competent CD8 T-cells, specific for NS31258–1272, being presented by the chimpanzee MHC class I molecule Patr-A*03∶01, and a high affinity recognition of this epitope. In the animals that became chronically infected, T-cells were able to produce cytokines against the same peptide but no cytolysis could be detected. In conclusion, in the animal that was able to clear HCV infection not only cytokine production was observed but also cytolytic potential against specific MHC class I/peptide-combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babs E. Verstrepen
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Ernst J. Verschoor
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Zahra C. Fagrouch
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Petra Mooij
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja G. de Groot
- Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald E. Bontrop
- Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Willy M. Bogers
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan L. Heeney
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gerrit Koopman
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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15
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Verstrepen BE, de Groot NG, Groothuismink ZMA, Verschoor EJ, de Groen RA, Bogers WM, Janssen HLA, Mooij P, Bontrop RE, Koopman G, Boonstra A. Evaluation of IL-28B polymorphisms and serum IP-10 in hepatitis C infected chimpanzees. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46645. [PMID: 23118858 PMCID: PMC3484116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with genetic variation near the IL-28B gene and the induction of interferon-stimulated genes, like IP-10. Also in chimpanzees spontaneous clearance of HCV is observed. To study whether similar correlations exist in these animals, a direct comparison of IP-10 and IL-28B polymorphism between chimpanzees and patients was performed. All chimpanzees studied were monomorphic for the human IL-28B SNPs which are associated with spontaneous and treatment induced HCV clearance in humans. As a result, these particular SNPs cannot be used for clinical association studies in chimpanzees. Although these human SNPs were absent in chimpanzees, gene variation in this region was present however, no correlation was observed between different SNP-genotypes and HCV outcome. Strikingly, IP-10 levels in chimpanzees correlated with HCV-RNA load and γGT, while such correlations were not observed in humans. The correlation between IP-10, γGT and virus load in chimpanzees was not found in patients and may be due to the lack of lifestyle-related confounding factors in chimpanzees. Direct comparison of IP-10 and IL-28B polymorphism between chimpanzees and patients in relation to HCV infection, illustrates that the IFN-pathways are important during HCV infection in both species. The Genbank EMBL accession numbers assigned to chimpanzees specific sequences near the IL-28B gene are HE599784 and HE599785.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babs E. Verstrepen
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja G. de Groot
- Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Zwier M. A. Groothuismink
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ernst J. Verschoor
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Rik A. de Groen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willy M. Bogers
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Harry L. A. Janssen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Petra Mooij
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald E. Bontrop
- Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Koopman
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Andre Boonstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Bogers WM, Oostermeijer H, Mooij P, Koopman G, Verschoor E, Davis D, Heeney JL, Cu Y, Banerjee K, Burke B, Dey A, Geall A, Barnett SW. Macaques primed with self-amplifying RNA vaccines expressing HIV-1 envelope and boosted with recombinant protein show potent T- and B-cell responses. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441294 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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17
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Koopman G, Beenhakker N, Nieuwenhuis I, Doxiadis G, Mooij P, Drijfhout JW, Koestler J, Hanke T, Bontrop RE, Wagner R, Bogers WM, Melief CJ. SIVconsv DNA prime - TLR7/IFNα adjuvanted long peptide boost induces potent CD4+ Ab responses and protects against high dose intrarectal SIV challenge. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441700 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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18
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Koopman G, Beenhakker N, Hofman S, Walther-Jallow L, Mäkitalo B, Mooij P, Heeney JL, Anderson J, Verschoor E, Bogers WM, Spetz A. P19-05. Use of autologous apoptotic pseudovirus infected cells for vaccination against HIV, evaluation in macaques. Retrovirology 2009. [PMCID: PMC2767832 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s3-p325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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19
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Balla-Jhagjhoorsingh SS, Mooij P, ten Haaft PJ, Bogers WM, Teeuwsen VJ, Koopman G, Heeney JL. Protection from secondary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in chimpanzees suggests the importance of antigenic boosting and a possible role for cytotoxic T cells. J Infect Dis 2001; 184:136-43. [PMID: 11424009 DOI: 10.1086/322019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2001] [Revised: 04/11/2001] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests a much higher prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) recombinants than previously anticipated. These recombinants arise from secondary HIV infections in individuals already infected with the virus. It remains unclear why some individuals acquire secondary HIV-1 infections and others do not. To address this question, a study was undertaken of a small cohort of chimpanzees with well-defined HIV-1 infection. After exposure to an infectious dose of heterologous primary isolate, 4 of 8 HIV-1 seropositive chimpanzees resisted secondary infection, whereas 2 naive controls became readily infected. Only animals who were immunologically boosted were protected. Protection from heterologous secondary exposure appeared to be related to the repertoire of the cytolytic CD8(+) T cell responses to HIV-1. Data suggested that immunologic boosting by HIV-1 antigens or exposure to subinfectious doses of virus may be important events in sustaining sufficient immunity to prevent secondary infections from occurring.
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Bogers WM, Cheng-Mayer C, Montelaro RC. Developments in preclinical AIDS vaccine efficacy models. AIDS 2001; 14 Suppl 3:S141-51. [PMID: 11086857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W M Bogers
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
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21
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Mooij P, Bogers WM, Oostermeijer H, Koornstra W, Ten Haaft PJ, Verstrepen BE, Van Der Auwera G, Heeney JL. Evidence for viral virulence as a predominant factor limiting human immunodeficiency virus vaccine efficacy. J Virol 2000; 74:4017-27. [PMID: 10756013 PMCID: PMC111915 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.74.9.4017-4027.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Current strategies in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine development are often based on the production of different vaccine antigens according to particular genetic clades of HIV-1 variants. To determine if virus virulence or genetic distance had a greater impact on HIV-1 vaccine efficacy, we designed a series of heterologous chimeric simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) challenge experiments in HIV-1 subunit-vaccinated rhesus macaques. Of a total of 22 animals, 10 nonimmunized animals served as controls; the remainder were vaccinated with the CCR5 binding envelope of HIV-1(W6.1D). In the first study, heterologous challenge included two nonpathogenic SHIV chimeras encoding the envelopes of the divergent clade B HIV-1(han2) and HIV-1(sf13) strains. In the second study, all immunized animals were rechallenged with SHIV(89. 6p), a virus closely related to the vaccine strain but highly virulent. Protection from either of the divergent SHIV(sf13) or SHIV(han2) challenges was demonstrated in the majority of the vaccinated animals. In contrast, upon challenge with the more related but virulent SHIV(89.6p), protection was achieved in only one of the previously protected vaccinees. A secondary but beneficial effect of immunization on virus load and CD4(+) T-cell counts was observed despite failure to protect from infection. In addition to revealing different levels of protective immunity, these results suggest the importance of developing vaccine strategies capable of protecting from particularly virulent variants of HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mooij
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Center, 2280 GH Rijswijk, The Netherlands
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22
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Rosenwirth B, ten Haaft P, Bogers WM, Nieuwenhuis IG, Niphuis H, Kuhn EM, Bischofberger N, Heeney JL, Uberla K. Antiretroviral therapy during primary immunodeficiency virus infection can induce persistent suppression of virus load and protection from heterologous challenge in rhesus macaques. J Virol 2000; 74:1704-11. [PMID: 10644340 PMCID: PMC111645 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.74.4.1704-1711.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A limited period of chemotherapy during primary immunodeficiency virus infection might provide a long-term clinical benefit even if treatment is initiated at a time point when virus is already detectable in plasma. To evaluate this strategy, we infected rhesus macaques with the pathogenic simian/human immunodeficiency virus RT-SHIV and treated them with the antiretroviral drug (R)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine (PMPA) for 8 weeks starting 7 or 14 days postinfection. PMPA treatment suppressed viral replication efficiently in all of the monkeys. After chemotherapy ended, virus replication rebounded and viral RNA in plasma reached levels comparable to that of the controls in four of the six monkeys. However, in the other two animals, virus loads peaked only moderately after withdrawal of the drug and then declined to low or even undetectable levels. These low levels of viremia remained stable for at least 31 weeks after cessation of therapy. At this time point, these two monkeys were challenged with SIV(8980) to evaluate whether the host responses which were able to keep RT-SHIV replication under control were also sufficient to protect against infection with a highly pathogenic heterologous virus. Both monkeys proved to be protected against the heterologous virus. In one of the two animals, low levels of SIV(8980) replication were detected. Thus, by chemotherapy during the acute phase of pathogenic virus replication, we could achieve not only persistent virus load suppression in two out of six monkeys but also protection from subsequent heterologous challenge. By this chemotherapeutic attenuation, the replication kinetics of attenuated viruses could be mimicked and a vaccination effect similar to that induced by live attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus vaccines was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rosenwirth
- Departments of Virology and Animal Science, Biomedical Primate Research Center, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands
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23
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Lehner T, Wang Y, Doyle C, Tao L, Bergmeier LA, Mitchell E, Bogers WM, Heeney J, Kelly CG. Induction of inhibitory antibodies to the CCR5 chemokine receptor and their complementary role in preventing SIV infection in macaques. Eur J Immunol 1999; 29:2427-35. [PMID: 10458756 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199908)29:08<2427::aid-immu2427>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The seven-transmembrane G-protein-linked CCR5 molecule functions as a major coreceptor for HIV or simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection. Antibodies to CCR5 were studied in rhesus macaques immunized with SIV grown in human CD4(+) T cells. These macaques were completely protected against i.v. challenge with live SIV. Sera from the protected macaques showed significantly greater inhibition of SIV replication (p < 0.001) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta-generated CCR5-dependent chemotaxis (p < 0.01) than sera from unprotected macaques, in the absence of significant neutralizing antibodies to SIV. These two functional assays demonstrate serum antibodies to the CCR5 receptors which were specifically inhibited by CCR5-transfected HEK-293 cells. We postulate that anti-CCR5 antibodies may be complementary to beta-chemokines in blocking CCR5 coreceptors to HIV or SIV binding and fusion of CD4(+) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lehner
- Department of Immunobiology Guy's King's and St. Thomas' Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals, London, GB.
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Rosenwirth B, Bogers WM, Nieuwenhuis IG, Haaft PT, Niphuis H, Kuhn EM, Bischofberger N, Erfle V, Sutter G, Berglund P, Liljestrom P, Uberla K, Heeney JL. An anti-HIV strategy combining chemotherapy and therapeutic vaccination. J Med Primatol 1999; 28:195-205. [PMID: 10593486 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.1999.tb00270.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Combination chemotherapy using potent anti-retroviral agents has led to significant advances in the clinical management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. However, the emergence of multiple drug-resistant mutants, the high need for compliance to adhere to demanding drug-dosing schemes, and the remaining toxic side-effects of drugs make the perspective of life-long treatment unattractive and possibly unrealistic. Therefore, means must be sought to shorten the time span during which treatment is necessary. Such means could be to stimulate an efficient immune response during the period of low virus load and restored CD4 + cell levels, which might be capable of keeping the virus under long-lasting control after treatment is stopped. Here we tested this concept of combined chemotherapy/ therapeutic vaccination in a non-human primate model. Rhesus macaques chronically infected with the chimeric simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) containing the HIV type 1 (HIV-1) HXBc2 gene for reverse transcriptase (RT) in the genomic background of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)(mac239) (RT-SHIV) were treated with (R)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine (PMPA), a potent anti-HIV drug. When virus load had decreased significantly, we immunized with SIV genes env, gag/pol, rev, tat, and nef inserted in two different expression vector systems. Four weeks after the second immunization, drug treatment was stopped. Animals were monitored to determine if virus load stayed low or if it increased again to the original levels and if CD4+ T-cell levels remained stable. Humoral and cellular immune responses were also measured. This combined chemotherapy/ therapeutic vaccination regimen induced a significant reduction in the steady-state level of viremia in one out of two chronically infected rhesus macaques. Chemotherapeutic treatment alone did not achieve reduction of viremia in two chronically infected animals. The nature of the immune responses assumed to have been induced by vaccination in one out of the two monkeys remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rosenwirth
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
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25
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Bogers WM, Koornstra WH, Dubbes RH, ten Haaft PJ, Verstrepen BE, Jhagjhoorsingh SS, Haaksma AG, Niphuis H, Laman JD, Norley S, Schuitemaker H, Goudsmit J, Hunsmann G, Heeney JL, Wigzell H. Characteristics of primary infection of a European human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clade B isolate in chimpanzees. J Gen Virol 1998; 79 ( Pt 12):2895-903. [PMID: 9880002 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-79-12-2895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to select, from a panel of candidate European human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) clade B primary virus isolates, one isolate based on replication properties in chimpanzee peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Secondly, to evaluate the in vivo kinetics of primary infection of the selected isolate at two different doses in two mature, outbred chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Four different low passage, human PBMC-cultured 'primary' HIV-1 isolates with European clade B consensus sequence were compared for their ability to replicate in vitro in chimpanzee versus human PBMC. The isolate which yielded the highest titre and most vigorous cytopathic effect in chimpanzee PBMC was evaluated for coreceptor usage and chosen for evaluation in vivo. Only the HIV-1Han2 isolate replicated in chimpanzee PBMC in vitro at detectable levels. This isolate was demonstrated to utilize CCR4, CCR5 and CXCR4 coreceptors and could be inhibited by beta-chemokines. Infection of chimpanzees was demonstrated by viral RNA and DNA PCR analysis, both in plasma as well as in PBMC and lymph node cells as early as 3 weeks after inoculation. Antibodies developed within 6 weeks and continued to increase to a maximum titre of approximately 12800, thereafter remaining in this range over the follow-up period of 2 years. Compared to cell line-adapted HIV-1 isolates there were slight but no dramatic differences in the kinetics of infection of chimpanzees with this particular primary isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Bogers
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
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26
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Heeney JL, Teeuwsen VJ, van Gils M, Bogers WM, De Giuli Morghen C, Radaelli A, Barnett S, Morein B, Akerblom L, Wang Y, Lehner T, Davis D. beta-chemokines and neutralizing antibody titers correlate with sterilizing immunity generated in HIV-1 vaccinated macaques. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:10803-8. [PMID: 9724785 PMCID: PMC27976 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.18.10803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the obstacles to AIDS vaccine development is the variability of HIV-1 within individuals and within infected populations, enabling viral escape from highly specific vaccine induced immune responses. An understanding of the different immune mechanisms capable of inhibiting HIV infection may be of benefit in the eventual design of vaccines effective against HIV-1 variants. To study this we first compared the immune responses induced in Rhesus monkeys by using two different immunization strategies based on the same vaccine strain of HIV-1. We then utilized a chimeric simian/HIV that expressed the envelope of a dual tropic HIV-1 escape variant isolated from a later time point from the same patient from which the vaccine strain was isolated. Upon challenge, one vaccine group was completely protected from infection, whereas all of the other vaccinees and controls became infected. Protected macaques developed highest titers of heterologous neutralizing antibodies, and consistently elevated HIV-1-specific T helper responses. Furthermore, only protected animals had markedly increased concentrations of RANTES, macrophage inflammatory proteins 1alpha and 1beta produced by circulating CD8(+) T cells. These results suggest that vaccine strategies that induce multiple effector mechanisms in concert with beta-chemokines may be desired in the generation of protective immune responses by HIV-1 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Heeney
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 157, 2288 GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
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27
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Wang Y, Tao L, Mitchell E, Bogers WM, Doyle C, Bravery CA, Bergmeier LA, Kelly CG, Heeney JL, Lehner T. Generation of CD8 suppressor factor and beta chemokines, induced by xenogeneic immunization, in the prevention of simian immunodeficiency virus infection in macaques. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:5223-8. [PMID: 9560257 PMCID: PMC20242 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.9.5223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous xenogeneic immunization experiments in rhesus macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) grown in human CD4(+) T cells consistently elicited protection from challenge with live SIV. However, the mechanism of protection has not been established. We present evidence that xenogeneic immunization induced significant CD8 suppressor factor, RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP) 1alpha, and MIP-1beta (P < 0.001 - P < 0.02). The concentrations of these increased significantly in protected as compared with infected macaques (P < 0.001). Xenogeneic stimulation in vitro also up-regulated CD8 suppressor factors (SF; P < 0.001) and the beta chemokines which were neutralized by antibodies to the 3 beta chemokines. Recombinant human RANTES, MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta which bind to simian CCR5, suppressed SIV replication in a dose-dependent manner, with RANTES being more effective than the other two chemokines. The results suggest that immunization with SIV grown in human CD4(+) T cells induces CD8-suppressor factor, RANTES, MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta which may block CCR5 receptors and prevent the virus from binding and fusion to CD4(+) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Immunology, United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
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28
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Mooij P, van der Kolk M, Bogers WM, ten Haaft PJ, Van Der Meide P, Almond N, Stott J, Deschamps M, Labbe D, Momin P, Voss G, Von Hoegen P, Bruck C, Heeney JL. A clinically relevant HIV-1 subunit vaccine protects rhesus macaques from in vivo passaged simian-human immunodeficiency virus infection. AIDS 1998; 12:F15-22. [PMID: 9543435 DOI: 10.1097/00002030-199805000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether immunization with recombinant HIV-1 envelope protein derived from a clinical isolate could protect macaques from infection with an in vivo passaged chimeric simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV). DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 16 animals were studied from which three groups of four animals were immunized with vaccine formulations of the CC-chemokine receptor-5-binding recombinant gp120 of HIV-1W6.1D. Four weeks after the last immunization, all 16 animals were intravenously challenged with in vivo passaged SHIV derived from the same HIV-1 group B clinical isolate (W6.1D) as the vaccines. RESULTS Vaccine protection from infection was demonstrated in 10 out of 12 macaques immunized with recombinant gp120. Complete protection from infection was achieved with all of the animals that received the SBAS2-W6.1D formulation, a potent inducer of both T-cell and humoral immune responses. Partial protection was achieved with SBAS1-W6.1D, a formulation based on immunomodulators known to induce T-cell responses in humans. In vaccinated animals that were infected, virus load was reduced and infection was delayed. CONCLUSIONS In a relatively large number of primates, vaccine efficacy was demonstrated with a clinically relevant HIV-1 vaccine. These results reveal that it is possible to induce sterilizing immunity sufficient to protect from infection with SHIV which was passaged multiple times in vivo. Our findings have implications for current HIV-1 clinical vaccine trials and ongoing efforts to develop safe prophylactic AIDS vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mooij
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Center, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
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Davis D, Morein B, Akerblom L, Lövgren-Bengtsson K, van Gils ME, Bogers WM, Teeuwsen VJ, Heeney JL. A recombinant prime, peptide boost vaccination strategy can focus the immune response on to more than one epitope even though these may not be immunodominant in the complex immunogen. Vaccine 1997; 15:1661-9. [PMID: 9364697 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(97)00084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Rhesus monkeys were successfully vaccinated using a strategy of priming with a candidate envelope subunit vaccine and boosting with synthetic peptides. Priming was carried out with recombinant HIV-1 SF2 envelope glycoprotein incorporated into ISCOMs, following the attachment of a lipid tail. Peptides, covalently linked to ISCOMs, representing linear sequences with the V2 and V3 regions, were used to boost functional antibodies-to neutralizing epitopes in both of these regions. Injections with these peptide formulations substantially increased the titre of serum neutralizing antibodies from low or undetectable levels. In addition to completely neutralizing the homologous HIV-1 SF2 strain, these sera also neutralized the escape variant, HIV-1 SF13. However, no antibodies were boosted which could compete with human, neutralizing monoclonal antibodies recognising conformational epitopes. The peptides also boosted antibodies to a peptide whose sequence lies close to the V2 region neutralizing epitope but does not overlap with it. Importantly, the level of antibodies to an unrelated epitope associated with enhancement of HIV-1 SF13 continued to fall after the peptide boost. Successful protection against challenge with chimeric simian immunodeficiency virus expressing HIV-1 SF13 envelope glycoproteins (SHIV SF13) may be due to an increase in the ratio of neutralizing to enhancing antibodies by selectively boosting with peptides to critical neutralizing epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Davis
- Molecular Immunopathology Unit, MRC Centre, Cambridge, UK
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30
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Bogers WM, Dubbes R, ten Haaft P, Niphuis H, Cheng-Mayer C, Stahl-Hennig C, Hunsmann G, Kuwata T, Hayami M, Jones S, Ranjbar S, Almond N, Stott J, Rosenwirth B, Heeney JL. Comparison of in vitro and in vivo infectivity of different clade B HIV-1 envelope chimeric simian/human immunodeficiency viruses in Macaca mulatta. Virology 1997; 236:110-7. [PMID: 9299623 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1997.8744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of HIV-1 env/SIVmac chimeric viruses expressing divergent HIV-1 envelopes of clinical isolates, facilitates homologous and heterologous evaluation of various recombinant HIV-1 envelope vaccine candidates in lower primates. In this study we compare the in vitro and in vivo infectivity, via intravenous (IV) and intravaginal (IVAG) routes of infection, of stocks of chimeric viruses expressing env from four different clade B HIV-1 isolates. The TCID50/ml was 7.1 x 10(4), 1.0 x 10(4), 6.3 x 10(4), and 1.2 x 10(3) for SHIVsf13, SHIVHan2, SHIVNM-3rn, and SHIVW6.1D, respectively, with a MID50/ml upon IV inoculation of 3.2 x 10(3), 3.2 x 10(4), 3.2 x 10(4), and 3.2 x 10(3), respectively. The same SHIVsf13 stock was infectious after IVAG administration, requiring a 300-fold higher virus dose. Plasma antigenemia and cell-associated viremia were generally highest at weeks 2 or 4 after infection and decreased to subdetectable levels after 8-12 weeks. All infected animals tested developed anti-HIV-1 gp120 antibodies. Inoculated virus dose showed no (linear) quantitative correlation with cellular virus load, duration of viremia, plasma antigenemia, and anti-gp120 antibody titers. No significant changes in peripheral blood CD4 cell levels were observed and none of the animals has shown evidence of disease progression to date (i.e., 13 months postinfection). Four in vivo passages of cell-associated SHIVW6.1D did not result in increased virulence. Vaccine development studies in macaques monkeys have become feasible with the use of various clade B HIV-1 env SHIV chimeras.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Bogers
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, 2280 GH, The Netherlands.
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31
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Buijs L, Bogers WM, Eichberg JW, Heeney JL. CD8+ cell-mediated immune responses: relation to disease resistance and susceptibility in lentivirus-infected primates. J Med Primatol 1997; 26:129-38. [PMID: 9379479 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.1997.tb00044.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Immune responses mediated by CD8+ lymphocytes have been correlated with protection from HIV infection and disease progression in humans and nonhuman primates. The CD8+ cell population is heterogeneous in terms of biological function and phenotype. We have undertaken a review of the current state of knowledge of subtypes of CD8+ cells and their role in immune responses directed to HIV and related primate lentiviruses. Differences in the pathogenesis of lentivirus infections in various primate hosts were examined and the possible roles of the various subpopulations of CD8+ lymphocytes in the resistance and/or susceptibility to lentivirus-related disease were compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Buijs
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
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32
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Bogers WM, Niphuis H, ten Haaft P, Laman JD, Koornstra W, Heeney JL. Protection from HIV-1 envelope-bearing chimeric simian immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) in rhesus macaques infected with attenuated SIV: consequences of challenge. AIDS 1995; 9:F13-8. [PMID: 8605046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether prior infection with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)BK28 protects macaques from subsequent exposure to an HIV-1 envelope chimeric SIV (SHIV). Also, to determine the consequences of viral challenge on CD4 numbers and virus load on the current SIV infection. DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 12 mature outbred Macacca mulatta were studied. Four naive controls and four previously infected with attenuated SIVBK28 were challenged with SHIV; four naive controls were not infected with SHIV. Sampling occurred twice monthly, and monthly thereafter. Changes in virus load, CD4 and CD8 populations were monitored. Highly sensitive and specific discriminative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were used to distinguish between virus populations. RESULTS SHIV readily infected challenged control animals, which developed a peak in virus load and a decline in CD4+ cell numbers. In controls, viral load declined and CD4 cell numbers rose to near normal levels after seroconversion. In contrast, in SIV-infected animals there was only a minor increase in viral load in only two out of four animals, 100-1000-fold lower than in naive animals. Interestingly, a decline in CD4 cells occurred in all four SIV-infected animals after SHIV challenge, which appeared more pronounced than in animals infected by SHIV alone. One SIV-infected animal which had low CD4 cell numbers at the time of SHIV challenge, developed a further decline in CD4 cells with a rising viral load. Discriminative PCR did not reveal SHIV in the challenged SIV animals. Interestingly the increase in viral load was due to SIV and not SHIV. CONCLUSIONS Broad protection of animals previously infected with live attenuated SIV was demonstrated with protection from subsequent infection with HIV-1 envelope-bearing chimeric SIV. Subsequent exposure in cases with low CD4 cell numbers reveal the possibility of activation of the vaccine strain with the possible risk of inducing disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Bogers
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
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33
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Bogers WM, Lang F, Parker KE, Le Mauff B, Anegon I, Jacques Y, Soulillou JP. Rat interleukin-2 immunoglobulin M fusion proteins are cytotoxic in vitro for cells expressing the IL-2 receptor and can abolish cell-mediated immunity in vivo. Transplantation 1994; 58:932-9. [PMID: 7940738 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199410270-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid cDNA coding for a fusion protein between rat interleukin 2 (IL-2) and a truncated heavy chain from rat immunoglobulin M (IgM) was constructed. The rat IL-2 and rat IgM CH2-3-4 hybrid gene was subcloned into a vector (PKCR6) for expression of the fusion molecule in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Cells transfected with the hybrid cDNA secrete multimeric forms of the fusion protein (IL-2-Mu). Size analysis of the construct revealed that the majority (95%) of the secreted proteins have a high mw (> 500 kDa). The IL-2-Mu construct bind specifically to cells bearing the IL-2 receptors (IL-2R) with a binding affinity around 5 nM. The specific binding to IL-2R leads to T cell proliferation or, if rabbit complement is added, to T cell lysis. Multimeric forms (> 500 kDa) of the fusion protein mediate complement-dependent lysis but trigger only weak proliferation when compared with the low-mw forms (< 500 kDa). In contrast, the latter only efficiently mediate T cell proliferation without inducing complement-dependent lysis. After intravenous administration of CHO supernatant containing IL-2-Mu, or purified IL-2-Mu proteins into rats, the fusion proteins disappeared from the circulation with a t1/2 of 1 hr. The circulating IL-2-Mu constructs in the rat serum retained their capacity to induce complement-dependent lysis of IL-2R-bearing T cells in vitro. Furthermore, the IL-2-Mu construct was able to suppress the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction (an IL-2R, T helper cell-dependent event) in mice. A weak immune response (antirat IL-2-Mu antibodies) was observed when rats received multiple daily injections of the construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Bogers
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U211), Institut de Biologie, Nantes, France
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34
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Coremans IE, Bogers WM, Stad RK, van der Voort EA, Prins FA, van Rooijen N, Breedveld FC, Daha MR. Role of liver endothelial and Kupffer cells in clearance of human C1q in rats. Eur J Immunol 1993; 23:1942-7. [PMID: 8344357 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830230832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In the present study the contribution of rat liver endothelial cells (EC) and Kupffer cells (KC) in the clearance of human (hu) C1q in rats was investigated. In untreated rats and rats depleted from KC the clearance kinetics and the tissue distribution of hu C1q were measured. In untreated rats, the clearance of hu C1q occurred in a monophasic manner with a half-life of 66 +/- 26.7 min. The clearance of hu C1q in KC-depleted rats was delayed significantly (p < 0.001) and occurred with a half-life of 217 +/- 78.8 min. Fifteen min after injection, 11 +/- 3.5% of hu C1q was found in the liver of untreated rats and 8 +/- 1.4% was found in the liver of KC-depleted rats. The percentage non-trichloroacetic acid precipitable activity in the circulation, as a measure for degradation of C1q, reached a level of 11.6 +/- 5.6% at 240 min in untreated rats compared with 4.6 +/- 5.8% in KC-depleted rats. Double immunofluorescence staining 5 min after administration of C1q in untreated rats, revealed that C1q was associated with KC and EC in the liver. Fifteen minutes after i.v. injection of hu C1q, there was an uptake of C1q in the hepatocytes. In KC-depleted rats, 5 min after administration of hu C1q, C1q was bound to the EC. Fifteen minutes after injection, C1q was also found in the hepatocytes. Electron microscopical studies revealed that C1q binds to EC, and that it is internalized in the hepatocytes and KC. The clearance of hu C1q in untreated rats was inhibited by preadministration of high concentrations of bovine C1q. These data show that rats depleted from KC are able to bind, internalize and degrade C1q, and that EC may play a role in the handling of C1q and C1q bound to immune complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I E Coremans
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Leiden, The Netherlands
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35
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Bogers WM, van Rooijen N, Janssen DJ, van Es LA, Daha MR. Complement enhances the elimination of soluble aggregates of IgG by rat liver endothelial cells in vivo. Eur J Immunol 1993; 23:433-8. [PMID: 8436178 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830230220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we have investigated the role of complement (C) and possible C receptors present on rat liver endothelial cells (EC) in the clearance and tissue distribution of soluble aggregates of IgG (AIgG). To study the effect of elimination of AIgG by EC in vivo, Kupffer cell (KC)-depleted rats were used, with or without an intact C system (These rats will be referred to throughout this report as EC-rats.) In EC-rats with an intact C system, clearance of AIgG (2000-3000 kDa, 20-27 IgG molecules/aggregate) occurred in a biphasic manner with a first T 1/2 (T1) of 9.4 +/- 2.3 min and a second T 1/2 (T2) of 44.7 +/- 16.0 min. In EC-rats without an intact C system [cobra venom factor (COVF)-treated group], clearance of AIgG was significantly delayed with a T1 of 25.3 +/- 9.9 min (p < 0.005) and a T2 of 124.5 +/- 18.4 min (p < 0.001). There were less degradation products of AIgG in the circulation in EC-rats treated with COVF as compared to EC-rats with an intact C system. Eight minutes after injection, 27.5 +/- 11.6% of the injected AIgG was found in the livers of EC-rats while 15.1 +/- 3.2% was found in the livers of the COVF-treated group. Double immunofluorescence studies indicated that AIgG in the liver was associated with EC in the rats with an intact C system. Clear deposits of C3 and lesser amounts of C1q accompanied the deposition of AIgG. In COVF-treated EC-rats, AIgG together with C1q was also associated with EC but no detectable C3 was seen. These data suggest clearance of AIgG via Fc and C receptors present on EC in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Bogers
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands
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36
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Bogers WM, Stad RK, Van Es LA, Daha MR. Both Kupffer cells and liver endothelial cells play an important role in the clearance of IgA and IgG immune complexes. Res Immunol 1992; 143:219-24. [PMID: 1574651 DOI: 10.1016/s0923-2494(92)80170-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W M Bogers
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands
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37
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Abstract
In this study we investigated the capacity of rat IgA to activate complement (C) in vivo in a rat model. Rat monomeric (m-), dimeric (d-) and polymeric (p-) IgA MoAbs were injected intravenously and assessed for deposition of C3 and C4 on IgA. By ELISA it was shown that both d- and p-IgA bound C3 whereas no binding of C3 by m-IgA was observed. Polymeric IgA was more efficient in binding of C3 as compared with d-IgA. However, in haemolytic assays no consistent decrease of plasma complement levels was observed except for dimeric IgA which induced a marginal consumption of AP50. When rats were pre-treated with cobra venom factor (CVF) to deplete C3, no C3 deposition was found on m-, d- or p-IgA. Neither m- nor d- or p-IgA was able to bind C4 in vivo. In agreement with the results described above, large sized polymeric IgA was shown to be taken up by Kupffer cells (KC) together with C3. No C3 was detected when rats were depleted of C using CVF. Taken together, the experimental data suggest that d- and p-IgA are able to activate C via the alternative pathway in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Stad
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands
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38
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Bogers WM, Stad RK, Janssen DJ, van Rooijen N, van Es LA, Daha MR. Kupffer cell depletion in vivo results in preferential elimination of IgG aggregates and immune complexes via specific Fc receptors on rat liver endothelial cells. Clin Exp Immunol 1991; 86:328-33. [PMID: 1934600 PMCID: PMC1554119 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1991.tb05818.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study we have investigated the clearance kinetics and tissue distribution of monomeric (m) IgG and soluble aggregates of IgG (AIgG) and immune complexes (IC) in normal and Kupffer cell (KC) depleted rats. In normal rats, clearance of mIgG occurred in a biphasic manner with a first half-life (T1/2) (T1) of 36.3 +/- 6.3 min and a second T1/2 (T2) of 168.4 +/- 4.7 min. AIgG composed of 20-27 IgG molecules per aggregate were cleared significantly faster than mIgG with a T1 of 2.5 +/- 0.1 min and a T2 of 32.5 +/- 5.6 min. KC depletion did not have a significant effect on the clearance rate of mIgG (T1: 33.4 +/- 8.9 min; T2; 159.5 +/- 12.5 min), while clearance of AIgG was delayed significantly with T1 4.8 +/- 0.7 min and T2 41.2 +/- 3.2 min. Eight minutes after injection, 77% of AIgG was found in the liver in normal rats while 62% was found in the liver of KC-depleted rats. Double immunofluorescence studies indicated that AIgG in the liver was associated with KC and endothelial cells (EC) in normal rats. In KC-depleted rats, AIgG was strongly associated with EC. A similar staining pattern was observed when IgG-immune IC were administered. The clearance of AIgG in KC-depleted rats was inhibited fully by pre-administration of high concentrations of IgG but not by pretreatment with IgA. asialofetuin (ASFe) or ovalbumin (OVA). Aggregated F(ab')2IgG was cleared with a comparable rate to mIgG from the circulation, again suggesting Fc gamma receptor-mediated elimination of AIgG by EC. There was a reduced degradation of AIgG in rats depleted of KC as compared with normal rats. These data suggest binding and degradation of AIgG by EC in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Bogers
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands
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Abstract
In the present study we treated rats with N-nitrosodimethylamine (DMN) or D-galactosamine (GALN) to achieve increased circulating IgA levels in rats. GALN-treated rats showed a six-fold increase in serum IgA levels after the first intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection, whereas a 10-fold increase after a second i.p. injection of GALN was seen. DMN-treated rats showed a three-fold increase in serum IgA levels. No differences were observed in IgG and IgM levels between treated and non-treated rats. Sequential renal biopsies analysed by immunofluroescence exhibited mesangial deposits of IgA with different intensities of C3 deposition. Rats treated with GALN showed more IgA deposition in the kidney than DMN-treated rats. The IgA deposition together with C3 was more prominent in rats treated with GALN than in rats treated with DMN. The deposition of C3 together with IgA was associated with an influx of monocytes as detected by ED-1, an antibody directed against a rat monocyte marker. These studies provide evidence that an increase in serum IgA levels is associated with deposition of IgA in the kidney and that IgA has an inflammatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Stad
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands
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40
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Bogers WM, Stad RK, Janssen DJ, Prins FA, van Rooijen N, van Es LA, Daha MR. Kupffer cell depletion in vivo results in clearance of large-sized IgA aggregates in rats by liver endothelial cells. Clin Exp Immunol 1991; 85:128-36. [PMID: 1829990 PMCID: PMC1535711 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1991.tb05693.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the clearance kinetics and tissue distribution of different sized IgA in normal and macrophage-depleted rats. Rats were injected iv with liposomes containing dichloromethylene diphosphonate (DMDP). DMDP treatment resulted in complete depletion of liver macrophages 24-48 h after administration. Normal and macrophage depleted rats were injected intravenously with monomeric, dimeric, polymeric or aggregated polymeric IgA (AIgA) and assessed for blood clearance and tissue distribution. In normal rats, clearance of IgA was size dependent, i.e. a faster clearance with increasing size. No differences in clearance kinetics were observed of the different sized IgA between normal and DMDP-treated rats. TCA non-precipitable radioactivity, a measure for degradation of IgA, was found in the circulation of normal and DMDP-treated rats after AIgA administration. The liver was the main organ responsible for the clearance of IgA in normal and DMDP-treated rats. Immunofluorescence studies on liver biopsies indicated that AIgA was associated with Kupffer cells in normal rats. Electron microscopical studies revealed that the AIgA was internalized and located in vesicles in Kupffer cells. In DMDP-treated rats the AIgA was associated with endothelial cells and electron microscopy studies showed that this AIgA was taken up by endothelial cells. These data show that rat liver endothelial cells are able to bind, internalize and degrade AIgA in situations where Kupffer cells are absent, and that these cells may play an important role in the handling of AIgA and IgA-immune complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Bogers
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands
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41
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Bogers WM, Stad RK, Janssen DJ, Rits M, Bazin H, Van Es LA, Daha MR. Complement enhances the clearance of large-sized soluble IgA aggregates in rats. Eur J Immunol 1991; 21:1093-9. [PMID: 2037008 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830210502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present study the involvement of the complement system (C) in the clearance of soluble IgA aggregates in the rat was studied. Monoclonal monomeric IgA (mIgA) antibody (which does not activate C) or aggregated polymeric IgA (aIgA; which activates C) were administered intravenously to phosphate-buffered saline-treated and complement-depleted [Cobra venom factor (CVF)-treated] rats and assessed for clearance from the circulation. In control rats, mIgA was cleared in a biphasic fashion with a first half-life (T1/2) of 29.5 +/- 14.2 min and a second T1/2 of 230 +/- 176 min. No differences were observed in clearance of mIgA in CVF-treated rats as compared to PBS-treated rats. In PBS-treated rats, aIgA with a size between 20 S and 150 S disappeared very rapidly from the circulation with a first T1/2 of 1.1 +/- 0.4 min and a second T1/2 of 23.2 +/- 11.3 min. In CVF-treated rats the clearance of aIgA was significantly delayed as compared to that in control rats, namely with a first T1/2 of 7.3 +/- 2.6 min and a second T1/2 of 64.2 +/- 19.4 min. Immunohistochemical studies of the liver (which is the main site of clearance of aIgA) revealed that Kupffer cells (KC) are mainly responsible for the uptake of aIgA. Furthermore, in PBS-treated rats aIgA deposition was accompanied by C3 deposition in the KC. In CVF-treated rats, the percentage of KC containing aIgA was significantly lower during the first 16 min after aIgA administration as compared to PBS treated rats. In addition no detectable C3 was found in KC of CVF-treated rats. These results indicate that KC play an important role in the clearance of large molecular weight IgA in rats and that C facilitates the clearance of these complexes from the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Bogers
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands
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42
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Bogers WM, Stad RK, van Es LA, Daha MR. Immunoglobulin A: interaction with complement, phagocytic cells and endothelial cells. Complement Inflamm 1991; 8:347-58. [PMID: 1802552 DOI: 10.1159/000463206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Deposits of IgA together with complement (C) in different organs support the hypothesis that IgA can trigger inflammatory mechanisms. Some inflammatory mechanisms may be caused by activation of C and phagocytic cells. Therefore, it is essential to understand the interaction of IgA with C and phagocytic cells. Studies will be described demonstrating that polymeric human serum IgA is able to activate the alternative pathway of C and that the activating principle is located in the intact F(ab')2 portion of the molecule. Activation of C is dependent on the molecular composition of IgA, as derived from results obtained with rat monoclonal IgA antibodies. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that polymeric IgA (pIgA) and dimeric IgA (dIgA) are potent activators of C in a homologous rat model, whereas monomeric IgA (mIgA) has a very poor C-activating potential. The interaction of IgA with phagocytic cells induces phagocytosis and release of H2O2 by granulocytes, which may contribute to tissue damage. Little is known about the clearance mechanism of IgA. It is shown in this report that Kupffer cells and C play an important role in the clearance of IgA immune complexes (IC). Clearance of large-sized IgA IC occurs via different receptors present on Kupffer cells. Finally, a new aspect will be described: the interaction of IgA with endothelial cells. Rat liver endothelial cells are able to eliminate IgA IC from the circulation via specific receptors when no Kupffer cells are present. These observations may contribute to our knowledge on diseases such as IgA nephropathy and Henoch-Schönlein purpura. The studies summarized and presented here illustrate the inflammatory potential of IgA.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Bogers
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Bogers WM, Gorter A, Janssen DJ, Rits M, Bazin H, van Es LA, Daha MR. The involvement of Kupffer cells in the clearance of high molecular weight rat IgA aggregates in rats. Scand J Immunol 1990; 31:679-89. [PMID: 2192437 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1990.tb02819.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present study the clearance kinetics and tissue distribution of aggregated 125I-labelled monoclonal rat IgA [( 125I] AIgA) of different sizes were studied in rats. Soluble [125I]AIgA disappeared from the circulation in a biphasic manner with an initial rapid distribution half-life (T1) and a second slower half-life (T2). T2 was directly related to the size of the aggregates. High molecular weight [125I]AIgA, containing 10-12 IgA molecules per aggregate [( IgA]10-12), was cleared much faster than low molecular weight aggregates. The main site of clearance was the liver. The larger the size of the AIgA, the more degradation products were found in the circulation. After injection of [IgA]10-12, non-parenchymal cells (NPC) contained three times more radioactivity than parenchymal cells (PC) (NPC:PC ratio 3.06 +/- 0.96). Ratios of 0.82 +/- 0.03 and 0.62 +/- 0.12 were observed when [IgA]5-6 and [IgA]2 were injected respectively, suggesting a greater role for Kupffer cells in the clearance of large-sized IgA aggregates. Kupffer cells were shown to be the main cells for localization of large-sized AIgA established by immunohistochemical staining on liver cryostat sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Bogers
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands
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Bogers WM, Gorter A, Stuurman ME, Van Es LA, Daha MR. Clearance kinetics and tissue distribution of aggregated human serum IgA in rats. Immunol Suppl 1989; 67:274-80. [PMID: 2473956 PMCID: PMC1385270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study the clearance kinetics and tissue distribution of human polyclonal heat-aggregated serum IgA (AIgA) of different sizes in rats was studied after intravenous administration of 125I-AIgA. The 125I-AIgA of different sizes disappeared from the circulation in a biphasic manner with an initial rapid half-life (T1/2) and a second slower T1/2. The first T1/2 was related to the size of the 125I-AIgA: high molecular weight (MW) 125I-AIgA was cleared much faster than 125I-AIgA with a low MW. Relatively more degradation products were observed in blood when high MW 125I-AIgA were injected as compared to low MW 125I-AIgA. The AIgA were mainly taken up by the liver. Eight minutes after injection of high MW 125I-AIgA, 90% of the injected dose was found in the liver, whereas less than 2% was detected in the spleen. Very little activity was detectable in other organs, such as lungs, heart and kidneys. In the present study 1-3% of the injected 125I-AIgA were found in the bile. Analysis of this material revealed that low MW 125I-AIgA were transported more efficiently to the bile than high MW 125I-AIgA. To obtain more insight into the receptors involved in the clearance of 125I-AIgA, rats were pretreated with ovalbumin or asialofetuin. The clearance of 125I-AIgA of different sizes was inhibited when rats were pretreated with asialofetuin. Pretreatment with ovalbumin had no effect on the clearance rates of 125I-AIgA. These results suggest a role for carbohydrate receptors, which recognize glycoprotein-containing galactose terminal residues on Kupffer cells, in the clearance of 125I-AIgA.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Bogers
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital, Leiden, The Netherlands
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