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Biondo-Simões MDELP, Dall'antonia MO, Goehr MP, Biondo-Simões R, Ioshii SO, Robes RR. Valproic acid and bladder healing: an experimental study in rats. Rev Col Bras Cir 2022; 49:e20223399. [PMID: 36449944 PMCID: PMC10578821 DOI: 10.1590/0100-6991e-20223399-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE to recognize the effects of valproic acid (VPA), an epigenetic drug, on the bladder healing process, in rats. METHOD twenty male Wistar rats were divided in two groups: experimental (A), treated with VPA (150mg/Kg/day), and control (B) with 0.9% sodium chloridrate. Healing was analyzed on the third and seventh days, evaluating the inflammatory reaction, collagen synthesis and angiogenesis. RESULTS inflammatory reaction on the third day was minimal and acute in both groups. On the seventh day, it was subacute in both groups, moderate intensity in group A and minimal in group B (p=0.0476). Collagen III intensity, marked by immunohistochemistry, was similar in both groups. Collagen I intensity on the third day was similar in both groups, but on the seventh day it was higher in experimental than control (p=0.0476). Collagen evaluation by picrosiriusred allowed to verify that the presence of collagen III was similar in both groups (p=0.3312) on the third day, and it was higher in control on the seventh day (p=0.0015). Collagen I showed similarity on the third day (p=0.3100), and it was higher in control on the seventh day (p=0.0015). Vessel marked with anti-SMA counting showed fewer vessels on the third (p=0.0034) and seventh day (p=0.0087) in experimental group. The lower intensity of angiogenesis was confirmed with anti-CD34, on the third day (p=0,0006) and on the seventh day (p=0,0072). CONCLUSION VPA determined alterations in the bladder healing process, in rats, with lower collagen density and less angiogenic activity, but without compromising the integrity of the organ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matheus Prince Goehr
- - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Técnica Cirúrgica e Cirurgia Experimental - Curitiba - PR - Brasil
| | - Rachel Biondo-Simões
- - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-graduação em Clínica Cirúrgica - Departamento de Cirurgia - Curitiba - PR - Brasil
| | - Sérgio Ossamu Ioshii
- - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Patologia da UFPR - Curitiba - PR - Brasil
| | - Rogério Ribeiro Robes
- - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Técnica Cirúrgica e Cirurgia Experimental - Curitiba - PR - Brasil
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BIONDO-SIMÕES MARIADELOURDESPESSOLE, DALL’ANTONIA MOACIROLIVEIRA, GOEHR MATHEUSPRINCE, BIONDO-SIMÕES RACHEL, IOSHII SÉRGIOOSSAMU, ROBES ROGÉRIORIBEIRO. Ácido valpróico e cicatrização em bexiga: estudo experimental em ratos. Rev Col Bras Cir 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/0100-6991e-20223399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo: reconhecer os efeitos do ácido valpróico (VPA), uma droga epigenética, no processo de cicatrização da bexiga, em ratos. Método: vinte ratos Wistar machos foram divididos em dois grupos: experimental (A), utilizando VPA (150mg/Kg/dia), e controle (B), tratados com cloreto de sódio 0,9% por gavagem. A cicatrização da bexiga foi analisada no terceiro e sétimo dia, estudando-se a reação inflamatória, síntese de colágeno, reepitelização e angiogênese. Resultados: a reação inflamatória no terceiro dia foi mínima e aguda em ambos os grupos. No sétimo dia, foi subaguda em ambos os grupos com intensidade moderada no grupo A e mínima no grupo B (p=0,0476). A intensidade do colágeno III, marcada pela imuno-histoquímica, foi semelhante nos dois grupos, nos dois tempos estudados. A intensidade de colágeno I no terceiro dia foi semelhante nos dois grupos, e maior no sétimo dia no grupo experimental (p=0,0476). A avaliação do colágeno pelo picrosiriusred mostrou que a presença de colágeno III foi semelhante em ambos os grupos (p=0,3312) no terceiro dia, e maior no controle no sétimo dia (p=0,0015). O colágeno I foi semelhante no terceiro dia (p=0,3100), e maior no controle no sétimo dia (p=0,0015). A contagem de vasos marcados pelo anti-SMA mostrou menos vasos no terceiro (p=0,0034) e sétimo dia (p=0,0087) no grupo experimental, confirmado pelo anti-CD34, no terceiro (p=00006) e no sétimo dia (p=0,0072). Conclusão: o VPA determinou alterações no processo de cicatrização da bexiga, em ratos, com menor densidade de colágeno e menor atividade angiogênica, mas sem comprometer a integridade do órgão.
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3
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Liang Y, Zhang T, Zhang J. Natural tyrosine kinase inhibitors acting on the epidermal growth factor receptor: Their relevance for cancer therapy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105164. [PMID: 32846211 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), also known as ErbB-1/HER-1, plays a key role in the regulation of the cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival. Since the constitutive activation or overexpression of EGFR is nearly found in various cancers, the applications focused on EGFR are the most widely used in the clinical level, including the therapeutic drugs of targeting EGFR, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).Over the past decades, the compounds from natural sources have been a productive source of novel drugs, especially in both discovery and development of anti-tumor drugs by targeting the EGFR pathways as the TKIs. This work presents a review of the compounds from natural sources as potential EGFR-TKIs involved in the regulation of cancer. Moreover, high-throughput drug screening of EGFR-TKIs from the natural compounds has also been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Tiehua Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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4
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Mukherjee A, Singh R, Udayan S, Biswas S, Reddy PP, Manmadhan S, George G, Kumar S, Das R, Rao BM, Gulyani A. A Fyn biosensor reveals pulsatile, spatially localized kinase activity and signaling crosstalk in live mammalian cells. eLife 2020; 9:50571. [PMID: 32017701 PMCID: PMC7000222 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell behavior is controlled through spatio-temporally localized protein activity. Despite unique and often contradictory roles played by Src-family-kinases (SFKs) in regulating cell physiology, activity patterns of individual SFKs have remained elusive. Here, we report a biosensor for specifically visualizing active conformation of SFK-Fyn in live cells. We deployed combinatorial library screening to isolate a binding-protein (F29) targeting activated Fyn. Nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR) analysis provides the structural basis of F29 specificity for Fyn over homologous SFKs. Using F29, we engineered a sensitive, minimally-perturbing fluorescence-resonance-energy-transfer (FRET) biosensor (FynSensor) that reveals cellular Fyn activity to be spatially localized, pulsatile and sensitive to adhesion/integrin signaling. Strikingly, growth factor stimulation further enhanced Fyn activity in pre-activated intracellular zones. However, inhibition of focal-adhesion-kinase activity not only attenuates Fyn activity, but abolishes growth-factor modulation. FynSensor imaging uncovers spatially organized, sensitized signaling clusters, direct crosstalk between integrin and growth-factor-signaling, and clarifies how compartmentalized Src-kinase activity may drive cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Mukherjee
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India.,SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Randhir Singh
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Sreeram Udayan
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Sayan Biswas
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Saumya Manmadhan
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Geen George
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Shilpa Kumar
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Ranabir Das
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Balaji M Rao
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, United States
| | - Akash Gulyani
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
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5
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Cleveland KH, Yeung S, Huang KM, Liang S, Andresen BT, Huang Y. Phosphoproteome profiling provides insight into the mechanism of action for carvedilol-mediated cancer prevention. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:997-1007. [PMID: 29626349 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the β-blocker drug carvedilol prevents skin carcinogenesis but the mechanism is unknown. Carvedilol is one of a few β-blockers identified as biased agonist based on an ability to promote β-arrestin-mediated processes such as ERK phosphorylation. To understand the role of phosphoproteomic signaling in carvedilol's anticancer activity, the mouse epidermal JB6 P+ cells treated with EGF, carvedilol, or their combination were analyzed using the Phospho Explorer Antibody Array containing 1318 site-specific and phospho-specific antibodies of over 30 signaling pathways. The array data indicated that both EGF and carvedilol increased phosphorylation of ERK's cytosolic target P70S6 K while its nuclear target ELK-1 were activated only by EGF; Furthermore, EGF-induced phosphorylation of ELK-1 and c-Jun was attenuated by carvedilol. Subcellular fractionation analysis indicated that ERK nuclear translocation induced by EGF was blocked by co-treatment with carvedilol. Western blot and luciferase reporter assays confirmed that the biased β-blockers carvedilol and alprenolol blocked EGF-induced phosphorylation and activation of c-Jun/AP-1 and ELK-1. Consistently, both carvedilol and alprenolol strongly prevented EGF-induced neoplastic transformation of JB6 P+ cells. Remarkably, oral carvedilol treatment significantly inhibited the growth of A375 melanoma xenograft in SCID mice. As nuclear translocation of ERK is a key step in carcinogenesis, inhibition of this event is proposed as a novel anticancer mechanism for biased β-blockers such as carvedilol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristan H Cleveland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Steven Yeung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Kevin M Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Sherry Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Bradley T Andresen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
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6
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Chakraborty D, Benham V, Bullard B, Kearney T, Hsia HC, Gibbon D, Demireva EY, Lunt SY, Bernard JJ. Fibroblast growth factor receptor is a mechanistic link between visceral adiposity and cancer. Oncogene 2017; 36:6668-6679. [PMID: 28783178 PMCID: PMC5709202 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence implicates excess adipose tissue in increasing cancer risk. Despite a steeply rising global prevalence of obesity, how adiposity contributes to transformation (stage a non-tumorigenic cell undergoes to become malignant) is unknown. To determine the factors in adipose tissue that stimulate transformation, we used a novel ex vivo system of visceral adipose tissue (VAT)-condition medium-stimulated epithelial cell growth in soft agar. To extend this system in vivo, we used a murine lipectomy model of ultraviolet light B-induced, VAT-promoted skin tumor formation. We found that VAT from mice and obese human donors stimulated growth in soft agar of non-tumorigenic epithelial cells. The difference in VAT activity was associated with fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) levels. Moreover, human and mouse VAT failed to stimulate growth in soft of agar in cells deficient in FGFR-1 (FGF2 receptor). We also demonstrated that circulating levels of FGF2 were associated with non-melanoma tumor formation in vivo. These data implicate FGF2 as a major factor VAT releases to transform epithelial cells-a novel, potential pathway of VAT-enhanced tumorigenesis. Strategies designed to deplete VAT stores of FGF2 or inhibit FGFR-1 in abdominally obese individuals may be important cancer prevention strategies as well as adjuvant therapies for improving outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - V Benham
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - B Bullard
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - T Kearney
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - H C Hsia
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - D Gibbon
- Summit Medical4 Group, Livingston, NJ, USA
| | - E Y Demireva
- Office for the Vice President for Research and Graduate Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - S Y Lunt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - J J Bernard
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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7
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Kim M, Lee HJ, Randy A, Yun JH, Oh SR, Nho CW. Stellera chamaejasme and its constituents induce cutaneous wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42490. [PMID: 28220834 PMCID: PMC5318992 DOI: 10.1038/srep42490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stellera chamaejasme L. (Thymelaeaceae) is a perennial herb that is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat tumours, tuberculosis and psoriasis. S. chamaejasme extract (SCE) possesses anti-inflammatory, analgesic and wound healing activities; however, the effect of S. chamaejasme and its active compounds on cutaneous wound healing has not been investigated. We assessed full-thickness wounds of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and topically applied SCE for 2 weeks. In vitro studies were performed using HaCaT keratinocytes, Hs68 dermal fibroblasts and RAW 264.7 macrophages to determine cell viability (MTT assay), cell migration, collagen expression, nitric oxide (NO) production, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, inflammatory cytokine expression and β-catenin activation. In vivo, wound size was reduced and epithelisation was improved in SCE-treated SD rats. In vitro, SCE and its active compounds induced keratinocyte migration by regulating the β-catenin, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Akt signalling pathways. Furthermore, SCE and its active compounds increased mRNA expression of type I and III collagen in Hs68 fibroblasts. SCE and chamechromone inhibited NO and PGE2 release and mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators in RAW 264.7 macrophages. SCE enhances the motility of HaCaT keratinocytes and improves cutaneous wound healing in SD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungsuk Kim
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea.,Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ju Lee
- Systems Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmad Randy
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Korea, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ho Yun
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea.,Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Rok Oh
- Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea.,Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
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8
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Chen J, Chen G, Yan Z, Guo Y, Yu M, Feng L, Jiang Z, Guo W, Tian W. TGF-β1 and FGF2 stimulate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of HERS cells through a MEK-dependent mechanism. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:1647-59. [PMID: 24610459 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) cells participate in cementum formation through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Previous studies have shown that transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) are involved in inducing EMT. However, their involvement in HERS cell transition remains elusive. In this study, we confirmed that HERS cells underwent EMT during the formation of acellular cementum. We found that both TGF-β1 and FGF2 stimulated the EMT of HERS cells. The TGF-β1 regulated the differentiation of HERS cells into periodontal ligament fibroblast-like cells, and FGF2 directed the differentiation of HERS cells into cementoblast-like cells. Treatment with TGF-β1 or FGF2 inhibitor could effectively suppress HERS cells differential transition. Combined stimulation with both TGF-β1 and FGF-2 did not synergistically accelerate the EMT of HERS. Moreover, TGF-β1/FGF2-mediated EMT of HERS cells was reversed by the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126. These results suggest that TGF-β1 and FGF2 induce the EMT of HERS through a MAPK/ERK-dependent signaling pathway. They also exert their different tendency of cellular differentiation during tooth root formation. This study further expands our knowledge of tooth root morphogenesis and provides more evidence for the use of alternative cell sources in clinical treatment of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
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9
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Waters KM, Cummings BS, Shankaran H, Scholpa NE, Weber TJ. ERK oscillation-dependent gene expression patterns and deregulation by stress response. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1496-503. [PMID: 25068892 PMCID: PMC4163986 DOI: 10.1021/tx500085u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
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Studies were undertaken to determine
whether extracellular signal
regulated kinase (ERK) oscillations regulate a unique subset of genes
in human keratinocytes and subsequently whether the p38 stress response
inhibits ERK oscillations. A DNA microarray identified many genes
that were unique to ERK oscillations, and network reconstruction predicted
an important role for the mediator complex subunit 1 (MED1) node in
mediating ERK oscillation-dependent gene expression. Increased ERK-dependent
phosphorylation of MED1 was observed in oscillating cells compared
to nonoscillating counterparts as validation. Treatment of keratinocytes
with a p38 inhibitor (SB203580) increased ERK oscillation amplitudes
and MED1 and phospho-MED1 protein levels. Bromate is a probable human
carcinogen that activates p38. Bromate inhibited ERK oscillations
in human keratinocytes and JB6 cells and induced an increase in phospho-p38
and a decrease in phospho-MED1 protein levels. Treatment of normal
rat kidney cells and primary salivary gland epithelial cells with
bromate decreased phospho-MED1 levels in a reversible fashion upon
treatment with p38 inhibitors (SB202190; SB203580). Our results indicate
that oscillatory behavior in the ERK pathway alters homeostatic gene
regulation patterns and that the cellular response to perturbation
may manifest differently in oscillating vs nonoscillating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina M Waters
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, ‡Systems Toxicology and Exposure Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Ahmed S, Grant KG, Edwards LE, Rahman A, Cirit M, Goshe MB, Haugh JM. Data-driven modeling reconciles kinetics of ERK phosphorylation, localization, and activity states. Mol Syst Biol 2014; 10:718. [PMID: 24489118 PMCID: PMC4023404 DOI: 10.1002/msb.134708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway controls cell proliferation and differentiation in metazoans. Two hallmarks of its dynamics are adaptation of ERK phosphorylation, which has been linked to negative feedback, and nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, which allows active ERK to phosphorylate protein substrates in the nucleus and cytosol. To integrate these complex features, we acquired quantitative biochemical and live‐cell microscopy data to reconcile phosphorylation, localization, and activity states of ERK. While maximal growth factor stimulation elicits transient ERK phosphorylation and nuclear translocation responses, ERK activities available to phosphorylate substrates in the cytosol and nuclei show relatively little or no adaptation. Free ERK activity in the nucleus temporally lags the peak in nuclear translocation, indicating a slow process. Additional experiments, guided by kinetic modeling, show that this process is consistent with ERK's modification of and release from nuclear substrate anchors. Thus, adaptation of whole‐cell ERK phosphorylation is a by‐product of transient protection from phosphatases. Consistent with this interpretation, predictions concerning the dose‐dependence of the pathway response and its interruption by inhibition of MEK were experimentally confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoeb Ahmed
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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11
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Price I, Ermentrout B, Zamora R, Wang B, Azhar N, Mi Q, Constantine G, Faeder JR, Luckhart S, Vodovotz Y. In vivo, in vitro, and in silico studies suggest a conserved immune module that regulates malaria parasite transmission from mammals to mosquitoes. J Theor Biol 2013; 334:173-86. [PMID: 23764028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human malaria can be caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum that is transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes. "Immunological crosstalk" between the mammalian and anopheline hosts for Plasmodium functions to control parasite numbers. Key to this process is the mammalian cytokine transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). In mammals, TGF-β1 regulates inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) both positively and negatively. In some settings, high levels of NO activate latent TGF-β1, which in turn suppresses iNOS expression. In the mosquito, ingested TGF-β1 induces A. stephensi NOS (AsNOS), which limits parasite development and which in turn is suppressed by activation of the mosquito homolog of the mitogen-activated protein kinases MEK and ERK. Computational models linking TGF-β1, AsNOS, and MEK/ERK were developed to provide insights into this complex biology. An initial Boolean model suggested that, as occurs in mammalian cells, MEK/ERK and AsNOS would oscillate upon ingestion of TGF-β1. An ordinary differential equation (ODE) model further supported the hypothesis of TGF-β1-induced multiphasic behavior of MEK/ERK and AsNOS. To achieve this multiphasic behavior, the ODE model was predicated on the presence of constant levels of TGF-β1 in the mosquito midgut. Ingested TGF-β1, however, did not exhibit this behavior. Accordingly, we hypothesized and experimentally verified that ingested TGF-β1 induces the expression of the endogenous mosquito TGF-β superfamily ligand As60A. Computational simulation of these complex, cross-species interactions suggested that TGF-β1 and NO-mediated induction of As60A expression together may act to maintain multiphasic AsNOS expression via MEK/ERK-dependent signaling. We hypothesize that multiphasic behavior as represented in this model allows the mosquito to balance the conflicting demands of parasite killing and metabolic homeostasis in the face of damaging inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Price
- Department of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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Saito TH, Uda S, Tsuchiya T, Ozaki YI, Kuroda S. Temporal decoding of MAP kinase and CREB phosphorylation by selective immediate early gene expression. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57037. [PMID: 23469182 PMCID: PMC3587639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of growth factors encode information into specific temporal patterns of MAP kinase (MAPK) and CREB phosphorylation, which are further decoded by expression of immediate early gene products (IEGs) to exert biological functions. However, the IEG decoding system remain unknown. We built a data-driven based on time courses of MAPK and CREB phosphorylation and IEG expression in response to various growth factors to identify how signal is processed. We found that IEG expression uses common decoding systems regardless of growth factors and expression of each IEG differs in upstream dependency, switch-like response, and linear temporal filters. Pulsatile ERK phosphorylation was selectively decoded by expression of EGR1 rather than c-FOS. Conjunctive NGF and PACAP stimulation was selectively decoded by synergistic JUNB expression through switch-like response to c-FOS. Thus, specific temporal patterns and combinations of MAPKs and CREB phosphorylation can be decoded by selective IEG expression via distinct temporal filters and switch-like responses. The data-driven modeling is versatile for analysis of signal processing and does not require detailed prior knowledge of pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi H. Saito
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Uda
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaho Tsuchiya
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu-ichi Ozaki
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Kuroda
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Lee SH, Zahoor M, Hwang JK, Min DS, Choi KY. Valproic acid induces cutaneous wound healing in vivo and enhances keratinocyte motility. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48791. [PMID: 23144972 PMCID: PMC3492241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cutaneous wound healing is a complex process involving several signaling pathways such as the Wnt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways. Valproic acid (VPA) is a commonly used antiepileptic drug that acts on these signaling pathways; however, the effect of VPA on cutaneous wound healing is unknown. Methods and Findings We created full-thickness wounds on the backs of C3H mice and then applied VPA. After 7 d, we observed marked healing and reduced wound size in VPA-treated mice. In the neo-epidermis of the wounds, β-catenin and markers for keratinocyte terminal differentiation were increased after VPA treatment. In addition, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I and collagen III in the wounds were significantly increased. VPA induced proliferation and suppressed apoptosis of cells in the wounds, as determined by Ki67 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining analyses, respectively. In vitro, VPA enhanced the motility of HaCaT keratinocytes by activating Wnt/β-catenin, ERK and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase)/Akt signaling pathways. Conclusions VPA enhances cutaneous wound healing in a murine model and induces migration of HaCaT keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soung-Hoon Lee
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Muhammad Zahoor
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Hwang
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Sik Min
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Kang-Yell Choi
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Sontag RL, Weber TJ. Ectopic ERK expression induces phenotypic conversion of C10 cells and alters DNA methyltransferase expression. BMC Res Notes 2012; 5:217. [PMID: 22559742 PMCID: PMC3416577 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many lung carcinogens activate mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways and DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) are under investigation as therapeutic targets for lung cancer. Our goal is to determine whether C10 type II alveolar epithelial cells are a sensitive model to investigate ERK-dependent transformation and DNMT expression patterns in experimental lung cancer. FINDINGS Ectopic expression of an extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)-green fluorescent protein (ERK1-GFP) induces acquisition of growth in soft agar that is selectively associated with latent effects on the expression of DNA methyl transferases (DNMT1 and 3b), xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A (XPA), DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), increased phosphatase activity and enhanced sensitivity to 5-azacytidine (5-azaC)-mediated toxicity, relative to controls. CONCLUSIONS Ectopic expression of ERK alone is sufficient to promote phenotypic conversion of C10 cells associated with altered DNMT expression patterns and sensitivity to DNMT inhibitor. This model may have applications for predicting sensitivity to DNMT inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L Sontag
- Systems Toxicology, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 790 6th Street, J4-02, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Thomas J Weber
- Systems Toxicology, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 790 6th Street, J4-02, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
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Shankaran H, Weber TJ, von Neubeck C, Sowa MB. Using imaging methods to interrogate radiation-induced cell signaling. Radiat Res 2012; 177:496-507. [PMID: 22380462 DOI: 10.1667/rr2669.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing emphasis on the use of systems biology approaches to define radiation-induced responses in cells and tissues. Such approaches frequently rely on global screening using various high throughput 'omics' platforms. Although these methods are ideal for obtaining an unbiased overview of cellular responses, they often cannot reflect the inherent heterogeneity of the system or provide detailed spatial information. Additionally, performing such studies with multiple sampling time points can be prohibitively expensive. Imaging provides a complementary method with high spatial and temporal resolution capable of following the dynamics of signaling processes. In this review, we utilize specific examples to illustrate how imaging approaches have furthered our understanding of radiation-induced cellular signaling. Particular emphasis is placed on protein colocalization, and oscillatory and transient signaling dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Shankaran
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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Zhang H, Zhao Y, Tian T, Paton AW, Paton JC, Kitamura M. Oscillation of mitogen-activated protein kinases in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. Anal Biochem 2011; 417:292-4. [PMID: 21756869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Periodic patterns of biochemical systems determine the function, behavior, and fate of eukaryotic cells. The cascades of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases play crucial roles in a diverse range of cell function, and recent reports indicate that oscillation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity is observed following stimulation by some growth factors. In the current report, we provide evidence that ERK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, but not p38 MAP kinase, are activated periodically in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. When activity of MAP kinases is evaluated, their oscillatory property should be considered carefully, especially under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Molecular Signaling, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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Matallanas D, Birtwistle M, Romano D, Zebisch A, Rauch J, von Kriegsheim A, Kolch W. Raf family kinases: old dogs have learned new tricks. Genes Cancer 2011; 2:232-60. [PMID: 21779496 PMCID: PMC3128629 DOI: 10.1177/1947601911407323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
First identified in the early 1980s as retroviral oncogenes, the Raf proteins have been the objects of intense research. The discoveries 10 years later that the Raf family members (Raf-1, B-Raf, and A-Raf) are bona fide Ras effectors and upstream activators of the ubiquitous ERK pathway increased the interest in these proteins primarily because of the central role that this cascade plays in cancer development. The important role of Raf in cancer was corroborated in 2002 with the discovery of B-Raf genetic mutations in a large number of tumors. This led to intensified drug development efforts to target Raf signaling in cancer. This work yielded not only recent clinical successes but also surprising insights into the regulation of Raf proteins by homodimerization and heterodimerization. Surprising insights also came from the hunt for new Raf targets. Although MEK remains the only widely accepted Raf substrate, new kinase-independent roles for Raf proteins have emerged. These include the regulation of apoptosis by suppressing the activity of the proapoptotic kinases, ASK1 and MST2, and the regulation of cell motility and differentiation by controlling the activity of Rok-α. In this review, we discuss the regulation of Raf proteins and their role in cancer, with special focus on the interacting proteins that modulate Raf signaling. We also describe the new pathways controlled by Raf proteins and summarize the successes and failures in the development of efficient anticancer therapies targeting Raf. Finally, we also argue for the necessity of more systemic approaches to obtain a better understanding of how the Ras-Raf signaling network generates biological specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Matallanas
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Shankaran H, Chrisler WB, Sontag RL, Weber TJ. Inhibition of ERK oscillations by ionizing radiation and reactive oxygen species. Mol Carcinog 2010; 50:424-32. [PMID: 21557328 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The shuttling of activated protein kinases between the cytoplasm and nucleus is an essential feature of normal growth factor signaling cascades. Here we demonstrate that transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα) induces oscillations in extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) cytoplasmic-nuclear translocations in human keratinocytes. TGFα-dependent ERK oscillations mediated through the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are inhibited by low dose X-irradiation (10 cGy) and low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (0.32-3.26 µM H(2)O(2)) used as a model reactive oxygen species (ROS). A fluorescent indicator dye (H2-DCFDA) was used to measure cellular ROS levels following X-irradiation, 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and H(2)O(2). X-irradiation did not generate significant ROS production while 0.32 µM H(2)O(2) and TPA induced significant increases in ROS levels with H(2)O(2) > TPA. TPA alone induced transactivation of the EGFR but did not induce ERK oscillations. TPA as a cotreatment did not inhibit TGFα-stimulated ERK oscillations but qualitatively altered TGFα-dependent ERK oscillation characteristics (amplitude, time-period). Collectively, these observations demonstrate that TGFα-induced ERK oscillations are inhibited by ionizing radiation/ROS and perturbed by epigenetic carcinogen in human keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Shankaran
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
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