1
|
Fan S, Lopez Llorens L, Perona Martinez FP, Schirhagl R. Quantum Sensing of Free Radical Generation in Mitochondria of Human Keratinocytes during UVB Exposure. ACS Sens 2024; 9:2440-2446. [PMID: 38743437 PMCID: PMC11129351 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is known to cause skin issues, such as dryness, aging, and even cancer. Among UV rays, UVB stands out for its ability to trigger problems within cells, including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. Free radicals are implicated in these cellular responses, but they are challenging to measure due to their short lifetime and limited diffusion range. In our study, we used a quantum sensing technique (T1 relaxometry) involving fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) that change their optical properties in response to magnetic noise. This allowed us to monitor the free radical presence in real time. To measure radicals near mitochondria, we coated FNDs with antibodies, targeting mitochondrial protein voltage-dependent anion channel 2 (anti-VDAC2). Our findings revealed a dynamic rise in radical levels on the mitochondrial membrane as cells were exposed to UVB (3 J/cm2), with a significant increase observed after 17 min.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Fan
- Department of Biomaterials & Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center Groningen, University Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lluna Lopez Llorens
- Department of Biomaterials & Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center Groningen, University Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Felipe P Perona Martinez
- Department of Biomaterials & Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center Groningen, University Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- Department of Biomaterials & Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center Groningen, University Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wei JD, Kim JH. Two distinct forms of human BLT2: long-form and short-form BLT2. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1288373. [PMID: 37954206 PMCID: PMC10637354 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1288373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BLT2 is a low-affinity leukotriene B4 receptor that plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases, including asthma and cancer. BLT2 is minimally expressed in a normal internal environment but is overexpressed in a stress-induced inflammatory environment. Recent research indicated that human BLT2 has two distinct forms. Although their functions are likely to be different, very few studies investigated these differences. Therefore, this paper will discuss about the two distinct forms of human BLT2; the short-form of BLT2 and the long-form of BLT2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Dong Wei
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Medical College, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Biernacki M, Conde T, Stasiewicz A, Surażyński A, Domingues MR, Domingues P, Skrzydlewska E. Restorative Effect of Microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica Lipid Extract on Phospholipid Metabolism in Keratinocytes Exposed to UVB Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14323. [PMID: 37762626 PMCID: PMC10532178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation induces oxidative stress in skin cells, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and perturbing enzyme-mediated metabolism. This disruption is evidenced with elevated concentrations of metabolites that play important roles in the modulation of redox homeostasis and inflammatory responses. Thus, this research sought to determine the impacts of the lipid extract derived from the Nannochloropsis oceanica microalgae on phospholipid metabolic processes in keratinocytes subjected to UVB exposure. UVB-irradiated keratinocytes were treated with the microalgae extract. Subsequently, analyses were performed on cell lysates to ascertain the levels of phospholipid/free fatty acids (GC-FID), lipid peroxidation byproducts (GC-MS), and endocannabinoids/eicosanoids (LC-MS), as well as to measure the enzymatic activities linked with phospholipid metabolism, receptor expression, and total antioxidant status (spectrophotometric methods). The extract from N. oceanica microalgae, by diminishing the activities of enzymes involved in the synthesis of endocannabinoids and eicosanoids (PLA2/COX1/2/LOX), augmented the concentrations of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), namely DHA and EPA. These concentrations are typically diminished due to UVB irradiation. As a consequence, there was a marked reduction in the levels of pro-inflammatory arachidonic acid (AA) and associated pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and endocannabinoids, as well as the expression of CB1/TRPV1 receptors. The microalgal extract also mitigated the increase in lipid peroxidation byproducts, specifically MDA in non-irradiated samples and 10-F4t-NeuroP in both control and post-UVB exposure. These findings indicate that the lipid extract derived from N. oceanica, by mitigating the deleterious impacts of UVB radiation on keratinocyte phospholipids, assumed a pivotal role in reinstating intracellular metabolic equilibrium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Biernacki
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-069 Bialystok, Poland; (M.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Tiago Conde
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.C.); (M.R.D.); (P.D.)
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Anna Stasiewicz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-069 Bialystok, Poland; (M.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Arkadiusz Surażyński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-069 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Maria Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.C.); (M.R.D.); (P.D.)
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.C.); (M.R.D.); (P.D.)
| | - Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-069 Bialystok, Poland; (M.B.); (A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aiello G, Rescigno F, Meloni M, Zoanni B, Aldini G, Carini M, D’Amato A. The Effect of Carnosine on UVA-Induced Changes in Intracellular Signaling of Human Skin Fibroblast Spheroids. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020300. [PMID: 36829859 PMCID: PMC9951876 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dermis fibroblasts are very sensitive to penetrating UVA radiation and induce photo-damage. To protect skin cells against this environmental damage, there is an urgent need for effective compounds, specifically targeting UVA-induced mitochondrial injury. This study aimed to analyze the effect of carnosine on the proteome of UVA-irradiated human skin fibroblast, cultured in a three-dimensional (3D) biological system recapitulating dermal compartment as a test system to investigate the altered cellular pathways after 48 h and 7 days of culture with or without carnosine treatment. The obtained results indicate that UVA dysregulates Oxidative Phosphorylation, the Fibrosis Signaling Pathway, Glycolysis I and Nrf2-mediated Oxidative Stress Response. Carnosine exercises provide a protective function against the harmful effects of UVA radiation by activating the Nrf2 pathway with the upregulations of some ROS-detoxifying enzymes such as the glutathione S-transferase (GST) protein family. Additionally, carnosine regulates the activation of the Epithelial Adherens Junction and Wound Healing Signaling Pathway by mediating the activation of structural proteins such as vinculin and zyxin as well as fibronectin 1 and collagen type XVIII alpha 1 chain against UVA-induced changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Aiello
- Department of Human Science and Quality of Life Promotion, Telematic University San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marisa Meloni
- VitroScreen, In Vitro Innovation Center, 20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Zoanni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Carini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alfonsina D’Amato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The Safety and Efficacy of 1-Monoeicosapentaenoin Isolated from the Trebouxiophyceae Micractinium on Anti-Wrinkle: A Split-Face Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020587. [PMID: 36675518 PMCID: PMC9863355 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin aging process is governed by intrinsic and extrinsic factors causing skin wrinkles, sagging, and loosening. The 1-monoeicosapentaenoin (1-MEST) is a component isolated from Micractinium, a genus of microalgae (Chlorophyta, Trebouxiophyceae). However, the anti-wrinkle effects of 1-MEST are not yet known. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-wrinkle effects of 1-MEST in vitro and in clinical trials. The cytotoxicity of 1-MEST was investigated in vitro using the MTS assay in human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs). Expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-9 was determined by ELISA in HEKs irradiated with UVB after treatment with 1-MEST. A split-face randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of 1-MEST. The study evaluated wrinkle parameters and visual assessment, self-efficacy and usability questionnaires, and adverse events. The study showed that the 1-MEST was not cytotoxic in HEKs, suppressed MMP-1 secretion and MMP-9 protein expression in HEKs irradiated with UVB. The wrinkle parameters and mean visual assessment score were significantly decreased in the test group after 12 weeks and differed from the control group. There were no significant differences in efficacy and usability. Adverse effects were also not observed. The 1-MEST showed anti-wrinkle properties to slow down or prevent skin aging.
Collapse
|
6
|
Mavrogonatou E, Angelopoulou M, Rizou SV, Pratsinis H, Gorgoulis VG, Kletsas D. Activation of the JNKs/ATM-p53 axis is indispensable for the cytoprotection of dermal fibroblasts exposed to UVB radiation. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:647. [PMID: 35879280 PMCID: PMC9314411 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05106-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Although UVB radiation is mainly absorbed by the epidermis, ~5-10% of its photons reach and affect the upper part of the dermis. Physiologically relevant UVB doses, able to provoke erythema, induce apoptosis in human dermal fibroblasts in vitro, as well as in the dermis of SKH-1 mice. Given the sparse and even contradictory existing information on the effect of UVB radiation on dermal fibroblasts' viability, aim of this work was to unravel the crucial signaling pathways regulating the survival of UVB-treated human dermal fibroblasts. We found that UVB radiation immediately stimulates the phosphorylation of MAPK family members, as well as Akt, and is genotoxic leading to the delayed ATM-p53 axis activation. Akt phosphorylation after UVB radiation is EGFR-mediated and EGFR inhibition leads to a further decrease of viability, while the Akt activator SC79 rescues fibroblasts to an extent by a mechanism involving Nrf2 activation. The known Nrf2 activator sulforaphane also exerts a partial protective effect, although by acting in a distinct mechanism from SC79. On the other hand, inhibition of JNKs or of the ATM-p53 axis leads to a complete loss of viability after UVB irradiation. Interestingly, JNKs activation is necessary for p53 phosphorylation, while the ATM-p53 pathway is required for the long-term activation of JNKs and Akt, reassuring the protection from UVB. Although UVB radiation results in intense and prolonged increase of intracellular ROS levels, classical anti-oxidants, such as Trolox, are unable to affect Akt, JNKs, or p53 phosphorylation and to reverse the loss of fibroblasts' viability. Collectively, here we provide evidence that the main viability-regulating UVB-triggered biochemical pathways act synergistically towards the protection of human dermal fibroblasts, with EGFR/Akt and Nrf2 serving as auxiliary anti-apoptotic machineries, while JNKs/ATM-p53 activation and interplay being overriding and indispensable for the perpetuation of cellular defense and the maintenance of cell viability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Mavrogonatou
- grid.6083.d0000 0004 0635 6999Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Angelopoulou
- grid.6083.d0000 0004 0635 6999Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia V. Rizou
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 0800Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Harris Pratsinis
- grid.6083.d0000 0004 0635 6999Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis G. Gorgoulis
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 0800Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece ,grid.417593.d0000 0001 2358 8802Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece ,grid.5379.80000000121662407Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK ,grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 0800Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece ,grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Dimitris Kletsas
- grid.6083.d0000 0004 0635 6999Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen B, Yu L, Wu J, Qiao K, Cui L, Qu H, Su Y, Cai S, Liu Z, Wang Q. Effects of Collagen Hydrolysate From Large Hybrid Sturgeon on Mitigating Ultraviolet B-Induced Photodamage. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:908033. [PMID: 35832410 PMCID: PMC9271680 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.908033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation leads to the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which subsequently promote inflammation, degradation of the extracellular matrix, and photoaging in skin. Thus antioxidant activity is particularly important when screening for active substances to prevent or repair photodamage. Marine fish-derived bioactive peptides have become a trend in cosmetics and functional food industries owing to their potential dermatological benefits. In this study, 1-diphenyl- 2-pycryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity was selected to optimize the hydrolysis conditions of sturgeon skin collagen peptides with antioxidant activity. The optimal hydrolysis conditions for sturgeon skin collagen hydrolysate (SSCH) were determined by response surface methodology, which comprised an enzyme dosage of flavorzyme at 6,068.4 U/g, temperature of 35.5°C, pH of 7, and hydrolysis time of 6 h. SSCH showed good radical-scavenging capacities with a DPPH scavenging efficiency of 95%. Then, the effect of low-molecular-weight SSCH fraction (SSCH-L) on UVB irradiation-induced photodamage was evaluated in mouse fibroblast L929 cells and zebrafish. SSCH-L reduced intracellular ROS levels and the malondialdehyde content, thereby alleviating the oxidative damage caused by UVB radiation. Moreover SSCH-L inhibited the mRNA expression of genes encoding the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and Cox-2. SSCH-L treatment further increased the collagen Ⅰα1 content and had a significant inhibitory effect on matrix metalloproteinase expression. The phosphorylation level of JNK and the expression of c-Jun protein were significantly reduced by SSCH-L. Additionally, SSCH-L increased the tail fin area at 0.125 and 0.25 mg/ml in a zebrafish UVB radiation model, which highlighted the potential of SSCH-L to repair UVB-irradiated zebrafish skin damage. Peptide sequences of SSCH-L were identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Based on the 3D-QSAR modeling prediction, six total peptides were selected to test the UVB-protective activity. Among these peptides, DPFRHY showed good UVB-repair activity, ROS-scavenging activity, DNA damage-protective activity and apoptosis inhibition activity. These results suggested that DPFRHY has potential applications as a natural anti-photodamage material in cosmetic and functional food industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bei Chen
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Xiamen, China
| | - Lei Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingna Wu
- Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Kun Qiao
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Xiamen, China
| | - Lulu Cui
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Xiamen, China
- College of Food Sciences & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Qu
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yongchang Su
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Xiamen, China
| | - Shuilin Cai
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiyu Liu, ; Qin Wang,
| | - Qin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiyu Liu, ; Qin Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen B, Chen H, Qu H, Qiao K, Xu M, Wu J, Su Y, Shi Y, Liu Z, Wang Q. Photoprotective effects of Sargassum thunbergii on ultraviolet B-induced mouse L929 fibroblasts and zebrafish. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:144. [PMID: 35597942 PMCID: PMC9123674 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03609-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) causes a series of adverse skin reactions, such as erythema, sunburn, photoaging, and cancer, by altering signaling pathways related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. Marine algae have abundant amounts and varieties of bioactive compounds that possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the photoprotective effects of an ethanol extract of Sargassum thunbergii. METHODS Sargassum thunbergii phenolic-rich extract (STPE) was prepared, and its activity against UVB damage was evaluated using L929 fibroblast cells and zebrafish. STPE was extracted and purified by 40% ethanol and macroporous resin XDA-7. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant markers, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were analyzed. The effect of STPE on UVB-induced inflammation was determined by inflammatory cytokine gene and protein expression. The expression of signaling molecules in the Nuclear Factor KappaB (NF-κB) pathway was determined by western blotting. DNA condensation was analyzed and visualized by Hoechst 33342 staining. In vivo evaluation was performed by tail fin area and ROS measurement using the zebrafish model. RESULTS The total polyphenol content of STPE was 72%. STPE reduced ROS content in L929 cells, improved SOD and CAT activities, and significantly reduced MDA content, thereby effectively alleviating UVB radiation-induced oxidative damage. STPE inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1α. STPE reversed DNA condensation at concentrations of 20 and 40 μg/mL compared with the UVB control. Moreover, STPE inhibited NF-κB signaling pathway activation and alleviated DNA agglutination in L929 cells after UVB irradiation. Additionally, 1.67 μg/mL STPE significantly increased the tail fin area in zebrafish, and 0.8-1.6 μg/mL STPE effectively eliminated excessive ROS after UVB radiation. CONCLUSIONS STPE inhibited UVB-induced oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokine expression, and DNA condensation via the downregulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, suggesting that it prevents UVB-induced photodamage, and has potential for clinical development for skin disease treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bei Chen
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, No. 7, Haishan Road, Huli District, Xiamen, 361013 Fujian China
| | - Honghong Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiangan Road, Xiang’an District, Xiamen, 361102 Fujian China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
| | - Haidong Qu
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 Fujian China
| | - Kun Qiao
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, No. 7, Haishan Road, Huli District, Xiamen, 361013 Fujian China
| | - Min Xu
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, No. 7, Haishan Road, Huli District, Xiamen, 361013 Fujian China
| | - Jingna Wu
- Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361023 Fujian China
| | - Yongchang Su
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, No. 7, Haishan Road, Huli District, Xiamen, 361013 Fujian China
| | - Yan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiangan Road, Xiang’an District, Xiamen, 361102 Fujian China
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, No. 7, Haishan Road, Huli District, Xiamen, 361013 Fujian China
| | - Qin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiangan Road, Xiang’an District, Xiamen, 361102 Fujian China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Silver Nanoparticles Protect Skin from Ultraviolet B-Induced Damage in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197082. [PMID: 32992921 PMCID: PMC7582269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight has various adverse effects; thus, UV blockage is recommended for preventing sunburn. Common sunscreen ingredients, such as nanosized titanium dioxide and zinc oxide, offer effective protection and enhance cosmetic appearance; however, health concerns have been raised regarding their photocatalytic activity, which generates reactive oxygen species under UV illumination. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are known as safe materials for use in a wide spectrum of biomedical applications. In vitro studies have revealed that AgNPs may have a protective effect against UV irradiation, but the effects in animal studies remain unclear. The present study demonstrated that AgNPs effectively protect against UVB-induced skin damage both in cell cultures and mouse models. These results suggested that AgNPs are feasible and safe as sunscreen ingredients for protection against UVB-induced skin damage.
Collapse
|
10
|
Photoprotective Potential of the Natural Artocarpin against In Vitro UVB-Induced Apoptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1042451. [PMID: 33014267 PMCID: PMC7520682 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1042451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis, a well-known pattern of programmed cell death, occurs in multicellular organisms not only for controlling tissue homeostasis but also for getting rid of severely damaged cells in order to protect the redundant growth of abnormal cells undergoing cancerous cells. The epidermis of the human skin, composed largely of keratinocytes (KCs), is renewed continuously. Therefore, KCs apoptosis plays a critical role in the maintenance of epidermis structure and function. However, regulated cell death can be disturbed by environmental factors especially ultraviolet radiation (UV) B, leading to the formation of sunburn cells (KCs undergoing UVB-induced apoptosis) and impairing the skin integrity. In the present study, we firstly reported the potential of the natural artocarpin (NAR) to regulate UVB-induced human KCs apoptosis. The NAR showed antilipid peroxidation with an IC50 value of 18.2 ± 1.6 μg/mL, according to TBARS assay while the IC50 value of trolox, a well-known antioxidant, was 7.3 ± 0.8 μg/mL. For cell-based studies, KCs were pretreated with 3.1 μg/mL of the NAR for 24 hr and then exposed to UVB at 55 mJ/cm2. Our data indicated that the NAR pretreatment reduces UVB-induced oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals and nitric oxide and therefore prevents reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species- (RNS-) mediated apoptosis. The NAR pretreatment has been shown also to reduce the UVB-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) lesions by absorbing UVB radiation and regulating the cell cycle phase. Additionally, the NAR pretreatment was found to modulate the expression of cleaved caspases-3 and 8 that trigger different signalling cascades leading to apoptosis. Thus, these results provide a basis for the investigation of the photoprotective effect of the NAR isolated from A. altilis heartwood and suggest that it can be potentially used as an agent against UVB-induced skin damages.
Collapse
|
11
|
Antunovic M, Matic I, Nagy B, Caput Mihalic K, Skelin J, Stambuk J, Josipovic P, Dzinic T, Paradzik M, Marijanovic I. FADD-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts undergo RIPK1-dependent apoptosis and autophagy after NB-UVB irradiation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 194:32-45. [PMID: 30904584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sun or therapy-related ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation induces different cell death modalities such as apoptosis, necrosis/necroptosis and autophagy. Understanding of mechanisms implicated in regulation and execution of cell death program is imperative for prevention and treatment of skin diseases. An essential component of death-inducing complex is Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD), involved in conduction of death signals of different death modalities. The purpose of this study was to enlighten the role of FADD in the selection of cell death mode after narrow-band UVB (NB-UVB) irradiation using specific cell death inhibitors (carbobenzoxy-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-[O-methyl]- fluoromethylketone (zVAD-fmk), Necrostatin-1 and 3-Methyladenine) and FADD-deficient (FADD-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and their wild type (wt) counterparts. The results imply that lack of FADD sensitized MEFs to induction of receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIPK1)-dependent apoptosis by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but without activation of the proteins p53, Bax and Bcl-2 as well as without the enrolment of calpain-2. Autophagy was established as a contributing factor to NB-UVB-induced death execution. By contrast, wt cells triggered intrinsic apoptotic pathway that was resistant to the inhibition by zVAD-fmk and Necrostatin-1 pointing to the mechanism overcoming the cell survival. These findings support the role of FADD in prevention of autophagy-dependent apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Antunovic
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor Matic
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Biserka Nagy
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Caput Mihalic
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josipa Skelin
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jerko Stambuk
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Pavle Josipovic
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tamara Dzinic
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mladen Paradzik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Inga Marijanovic
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Okuno T, Yokomizo T. Biological functions of 12( S)-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid as a ligand of leukotriene B 4 receptor 2. Inflamm Regen 2018; 38:29. [PMID: 30397418 PMCID: PMC6205785 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-018-0087-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although 12(S)-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid (12-HHT) is an abundant fatty acid, it is long considered a byproduct of thromboxane A2 production. We identified a leukotriene B4 receptor 2 (BLT2)-specific agonistic activity in lipid extracts from rat small intestine, and mass spectrometric analysis of partially purified lipids containing BLT2 agonistic activity revealed that 12-HHT is an endogenous ligand of BLT2. In a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced inflammatory colitis model, BLT2-deficient mice exhibited enhanced intestinal inflammation, possibly due to impaired epithelial barrier function. In a skin wound healing model, BLT2-deficient mice exhibited delayed wound healing via dampened keratinocyte migration. BLT2 also accelerates corneal wound healing, and eye drops containing a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) inhibit the production of 12-HHT, resulting in delayed corneal wound healing. Furthermore, BLT2 is expressed in pulmonary epithelial type II cells and vascular endothelial cells in the mouse lung, and BLT2-deficient mice are more susceptible to lung damage by pneumolysin. In this review, we summarize the identification and characterization of 12-HHT as a ligand for BLT2 and discuss recent research on the physiological and pathophysiological roles of the 12-HHT-BLT2 axis. Some side effects of NSAIDs such as delayed wound healing may be caused by reduced 12-HHT production rather than diminished production of prostaglandins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Okuno
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chang RS, Chen CS, Huang CL, Chang CT, Cui Y, Chung WJ, Shu WY, Chiang CS, Chuang CY, Hsu IC. Unexpected dose response of HaCaT to UVB irradiation. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2018; 54:589-599. [PMID: 30083841 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-018-0280-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Application of high-dosage UVB irradiation in phototherapeutic dermatological treatments present health concerns attributed to UV-exposure. In assessing UV-induced photobiological damage, we investigated dose-dependent effects of UVB irradiation on human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT). Our study implemented survival and apoptosis assays and revealed an unexpected dose response wherein higher UVB-dosage induced higher viability. Established inhibitors, such as AKT- (LY294002), PKC- (Gö6976, and Rottlerin), ERK- (PD98059), P38 MAPK- (SB203580), and JNK- (SP600125), were assessed to investigate UV-induced apoptotic pathways. Despite unobvious contributions of known signaling pathways in dose-response mediation, microarray analysis identified transcriptional expression of UVB-response genes related to the respiratory-chain. Observed correlation of ROS-production with UVB irradiation potentiated ROS as the underlying mechanism for observed dose responses. Inability of established pathways to explain such responses suggests the complex nature underlying UVB-phototherapy response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Shing Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Shuo Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Lung Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Ting Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yujia Cui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | | | - Wun-Yi Shu
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Shiun Chiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ian C Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rudolf J, Raad H, Taieb A, Rezvani HR. NADPH Oxidases and Their Roles in Skin Homeostasis and Carcinogenesis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1238-1261. [PMID: 28990413 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Skin protects the body from dehydration, pathogens, and external mutagens. NADPH oxidases are central components for regulating the cellular redox balance. There is increasing evidence indicating that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by members of this enzyme family play important roles in the physiology and pathophysiology of the skin. Recent Advances: NADPH oxidases are active producers of ROS such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Different isoforms are found in virtually all tissues. They play pivotal roles in normal cell homeostasis and in the cellular responses to various stressors. In particular, these enzymes are integral parts of redox-sensitive prosurvival and proapoptotic signaling pathways, in which they act both as effectors and as modulators. However, continuous (re)activation of NADPH oxidases can disturb the redox balance of cells, in the worst-case scenario in a permanent manner. Abnormal NADPH oxidase activity has been associated with a wide spectrum of diseases, as well as with aging and carcinogenesis. CRITICAL ISSUES Sunlight with its beneficial and deleterious effects induces the activation of NADPH oxidases in the skin. Evidence for the important roles of this enzyme family in skin cancer and skin aging, as well as in many chronic skin diseases, is now emerging. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Understanding the precise roles of NADPH oxidases in normal skin homeostasis, in the cellular responses to solar radiation, and during carcinogenesis will pave the way for their validation as therapeutic targets not only for the prevention and treatment of skin cancers but also for many other skin-related disorders. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1238-1261.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Rudolf
- 1 Inserm U 1035, Bordeaux, France .,2 Université de Bordeaux , Bordeaux, France
| | - Houssam Raad
- 1 Inserm U 1035, Bordeaux, France .,2 Université de Bordeaux , Bordeaux, France
| | - Alain Taieb
- 1 Inserm U 1035, Bordeaux, France .,2 Université de Bordeaux , Bordeaux, France .,3 Service de Dermatologie Adulte et Pédiatrique , CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France .,4 Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de la Peau , CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hamid Reza Rezvani
- 1 Inserm U 1035, Bordeaux, France .,2 Université de Bordeaux , Bordeaux, France .,4 Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de la Peau , CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Glady A, Tanaka M, Moniaga CS, Yasui M, Hara-Chikuma M. Involvement of NADPH oxidase 1 in UVB-induced cell signaling and cytotoxicity in human keratinocytes. Biochem Biophys Rep 2018; 14:7-15. [PMID: 29872728 PMCID: PMC5986629 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of NADPH oxidase (Nox) enzyme family are important sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and are known to be involved in several physiological functions in response to various stimuli including UV irradiation. UVB-induced ROS have been associated with inflammation, cytotoxicity, cell death, or DNA damage in human keratinocytes. However, the source and the role of UVB-induced ROS remain undefined. Here, we show that Nox1 is involved in UVB-induced p38/MAPK activation and cytotoxicity via ROS generation in keratinocytes. Nox1 knockdown or inhibitor decreased UVB-induced ROS production in human keratinocytes. Nox1 knockdown impaired UVB-induced p38 activation, accompanied by reduced IL-6 levels and attenuated cell toxicity. Treatment of cells with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a potent ROS scavenger, suppressed p38 activation as well as consequent IL-6 production and cytotoxicity in response to UVB exposure. p38 inhibitor also suppressed UVB-induced IL-6 production and cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the blockade of IL-6 production by IL-6 neutralizing antibody reduced UVB-induced cell toxicity. In vivo assay using wild-type mice, the intradermal injection of lysates from UVB-irradiated control cells, but not from UVB-irradiated Nox1 knockdown cells, induced inflammatory swelling and IL-6 production in the skin of ears. Moreover, administration of Nox1 inhibitor suppressed UVB-induced increase in IL-6 mRNA expression in mice skin. Collectively, these data suggest that Nox1-mediated ROS production is required for UVB-induced cytotoxicity and inflammation through p38 activation and inflammatory cytokine production, such as IL-6. Thus, our findings suggest Nox1 as a therapeutic target for cytotoxicity and inflammation in response to UVB exposure. Nox1 knockdown decreased UVB-increased cellular ROS in keratinocytes. Nox1 knockdown suppressed UVB-induced p38 activation, accompanied by reduced in IL-6 levels and attenuated cell toxicity. UVB-induced cytotoxicity is involved in p38/MAPK pathway and IL-6 production, which is partially dependent on Nox1-generated ROS.
Collapse
Key Words
- ASK1, Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1
- Bax, BCL2-associated X protein
- Cytotoxicity
- DNA, Deoxyribonucleic acid
- DPI, Diphenyleneiodonium
- Erk, Extracellular Signal-regulated kinase
- GM-CSF, Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- H2DCFDA, Fluorescent 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate
- H2O2, Hydrogen peroxide
- IL-6, Interleukin-6
- JNK, Jun N-terminal kinases;
- Keratinocyte
- LDH, Lactate dehydrogenase
- MAPK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MKK, MAP Kinase
- MKP, MAPK phosphatase
- NAC, N-acetyl cysteine
- NADPH oxidase 1
- NF-κB, Nuclear factor kappa B;
- NOX, NADPH oxidase
- O2-, Superoxide
- OH, Hydroxyl radical
- P38/MAP kinase
- PBS, Phosphate-buffered saline
- RNA, Ribonucleic acid
- ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species
- Reactive oxygen species
- STAT3, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
- UV, Ultraviolet
- UVB
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azela Glady
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Manami Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Catharina Sagita Moniaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masato Yasui
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Keio Advanced Research Center for Water Biology and Medicine, Keio University, Japan
| | - Mariko Hara-Chikuma
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Baek JY, Park S, Park J, Jang JY, Wang SB, Kim SR, Woo HA, Lim KM, Chang TS. Protective Role of Mitochondrial Peroxiredoxin III against UVB-Induced Apoptosis of Epidermal Keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1333-1342. [PMID: 28202400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UVB light induces generation of reactive oxygen species, ultimately leading to skin cell damage. Mitochondria are a major source of reactive oxygen species in UVB-irradiated skin cells, with increased levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species having been implicated in keratinocyte apoptosis. Peroxiredoxin III (PrxIII) is the most abundant and potent H2O2-removing enzyme in the mitochondria of most cell types. Here, the protective role of PrxIII against UVB-induced apoptosis of epidermal keratinocytes was investigated. Mitochondrial H2O2 levels were differentiated from other types of ROS using mitochondria-specific fluorescent H2O2 indicators. Upon UVB irradiation, PrxIII-knockdown HaCaT human keratinocytes and PrxIII-deficient (PrxIII-/-) mouse primary keratinocytes exhibited enhanced accumulation of mitochondrial H2O2 compared with PrxIII-expressing controls. Keratinocytes lacking PrxIII were subsequently sensitized to apoptosis through mitochondrial membrane potential loss, cardiolipin oxidation, cytochrome c release, and caspase activation. Increased UVB-induced epidermal tissue damage in PrxIII-/- mice was attributable to increased caspase-dependent keratinocyte apoptosis. Our findings show that mitochondrial H2O2 is a key mediator in UVB-induced apoptosis of keratinocytes and that PrxIII plays a critical role in protecting epidermal keratinocytes against UVB-induced apoptosis through eliminating mitochondrial H2O2. These findings support the concept that reinforcing mitochondrial PrxIII defenses may help prevent UVB-induced skin damage such as inflammation, sunburn, and photoaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Baek
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Park
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yong Jang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Bin Wang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin Ri Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ae Woo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Lim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tong-Shin Chang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Raad H, Serrano-Sanchez M, Harfouche G, Mahfouf W, Bortolotto D, Bergeron V, Kasraian Z, Dousset L, Hosseini M, Taieb A, Rezvani HR. NADPH Oxidase-1 Plays a Key Role in Keratinocyte Responses to UV Radiation and UVB-Induced Skin Carcinogenesis. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1311-1321. [PMID: 28132856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) family enzymes are involved in several physiological functions. However, their roles in keratinocyte responses to UV radiation have not been clearly elucidated. This study shows that, among other NOX family members, UVB irradiation results in a biphasic activation of NOX1 that plays a critical role in defining keratinocyte fate through the modulation of the DNA damage response network. Indeed, suppression of both bursts of UVB-induced NOX1 activation by using a specific peptide inhibitor of NOX1 (InhNOX1) is associated with increased nucleotide excision repair efficiency and reduction of apoptosis, which is finally translated into decreased photocarcinogenesis. On the contrary, when only the second peak of UVB-induced NOX1 activation is blocked, both nucleotide excision repair efficiency and apoptosis are decreased. Our results show that inhibition of NOX1 activation could be a promising target for the prevention and treatment of UVB-induced skin cancer in nucleotide excision repair-proficient and -deficient patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houssam Raad
- Inserm Unit 1035, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Ghida Harfouche
- Inserm Unit 1035, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Walid Mahfouf
- Inserm Unit 1035, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Doriane Bortolotto
- Inserm Unit 1035, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vanessa Bergeron
- Inserm Unit 1035, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Zeinab Kasraian
- Inserm Unit 1035, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lea Dousset
- Inserm Unit 1035, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Service de Dermatologie Adulte et Pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, France
| | - Mohsen Hosseini
- Inserm Unit 1035, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alain Taieb
- Inserm Unit 1035, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Service de Dermatologie Adulte et Pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, France; Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Rares de la Peau, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, France
| | - Hamid Reza Rezvani
- Inserm Unit 1035, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Rares de la Peau, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, France.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ahlberg S, Rancan F, Epple M, Loza K, Höppe D, Lademann J, Vogt A, Kleuser B, Gerecke C, Meinke MC. Comparison of different methods to study effects of silver nanoparticles on the pro- and antioxidant status of human keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Methods 2016; 109:55-63. [PMID: 27215495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In times of antibiotic-resistant bacteria new strategies to avoid the septic-inducing threat of dangerous microorganisms are needed. Silver ions (Ag+) in the forms of silver nitrate or silver sulfadiazine have been used as antimicrobial agents for years. A step further was the development of micro and silver particles (AgNP). In contrast to other Ag+ ion sources, AgNP allow a sustained release of Ag+ ions, due to their high surface to volume ratio. However, AgNP are also toxic to eukaryotic cells and the mechanisms of cytotoxicity have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, the impact of different AgNP preparations on a human keratinocyte cell line was investigated. The intracellular radical formation was confirmed by the 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein di-acetate (H2DCF-DA) assay on two cell types (HaCaT cells and normal human dermal fibroblasts) as well as by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, which showed comparable results. EPR spectroscopy was performed for the first time for 24h in experiments using keratinocytes. Drastic changes in the mitochondrial activity were induced in cells incubated with AgNP containing high concentrations of Ag+ ions. It was also possible to show that the quantitative uptake of AgNP was dependent on the AgNP concentration. In addition, the effects of AgNP on the GSH/GSSG system were elucidated. The results showed a batch- and concentration-dependent decrease of the total glutathione concentration which correlated well with the decrease of cell viability. Furthermore, the results suggest a direct reaction of GSH molecules with Ag+ ions. In conclusion, this study proves the efficacy of the H2DCF-DA assay and the EPR spectroscopy. The investigations show that AgNP formulations containing high amounts of released Ag+ ions induce radicals in human keratinocytes and deplete them of their natural anti-oxidative molecules. On the contrary, nanoparticles prepared and stored under argon did not induce significant adverse effects, suggesting that slowing down the release of Ag+ may help to reduce AgNP-related side effects without affecting the antibacterial impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ahlberg
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fiorenza Rancan
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kateryna Loza
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - David Höppe
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Lademann
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Vogt
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Christian Gerecke
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Martina C Meinke
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dobrzyńska I, Szachowicz-Petelska B, Skrzydlewska E, Figaszewski ZA. Effects of UVB Radiation on the Physicochemical Properties of Fibroblasts and Keratinocytes. J Membr Biol 2016; 249:319-25. [PMID: 26809654 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-016-9870-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The skin is the largest human organ, providing the first line of defense to protect the body from physical and environmental effects. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of short-wave ultraviolet (UVB) radiation on the membrane electrical properties, phospholipid content, and lipid peroxidation levels of fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Changes in cell function may affect the basal electrical surface properties of cell membranes. These changes can be detected using electrokinetic measurements. In this study, the surface charge densities of fibroblasts and keratinocytes were measured as a function of pH. A four-component equilibrium model was used to describe the interaction between the ions in solution and on cell membrane surfaces. Agreement was found between the experimental and theoretical charge variation curves of leukemia cells from pH 2.5 to pH 9. Phospholipid composition was determined qualitatively and quantitatively by HPLC, and lipid peroxidation was estimated by measuring the level of malondialdehyde. The acidic functional group concentrations and average association constants with hydroxyl ions were higher, and the average association constants with hydrogen ions were smaller in UVB-treated skin cell membranes compared to those in untreated cells. Moreover, our results showed that UVB radiation is associated with increased levels of phospholipids and lipid peroxidation products in fibroblasts and keratinocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Dobrzyńska
- Institute of Chemistry, University in Białystok, Al. Piłsudskiego 11/4, 15-443, Białystok, Poland.
| | | | - Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2, 15-230, Białystok, Poland
| | - Zbigniew A Figaszewski
- Institute of Chemistry, University in Białystok, Al. Piłsudskiego 11/4, 15-443, Białystok, Poland.,Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteur St. 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ishii Y, Saeki K, Liu M, Sasaki F, Koga T, Kitajima K, Meno C, Okuno T, Yokomizo T. Leukotriene B
4
receptor type 2 (BLT2) enhances skin barrier function by regulating tight junction proteins. FASEB J 2015; 30:933-47. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-279653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Ishii
- Department of Medical BiochemistryKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Research Institute for Diseases of the ChestKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Kazuko Saeki
- Department of Medical BiochemistryKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of BiochemistryJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Medical BiochemistryKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of BiochemistryJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of EndocrinologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Fumiyuki Sasaki
- Department of Medical BiochemistryKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of BiochemistryJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Tomoaki Koga
- Department of Medical BiochemistryKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of BiochemistryJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Keiko Kitajima
- Department of Developmental BiologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Chikara Meno
- Department of Developmental BiologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Toshiaki Okuno
- Department of Medical BiochemistryKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of BiochemistryJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Medical BiochemistryKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of BiochemistryJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
A Potent Inhibitor of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K) and Mitogen Activated Protein (MAP) Kinase Signalling, Quercetin (3, 3', 4', 5, 7-Pentahydroxyflavone) Promotes Cell Death in Ultraviolet (UV)-B-Irradiated B16F10 Melanoma Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131253. [PMID: 26148186 PMCID: PMC4493061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation–induced skin damage contributes strongly to the formation of melanoma, a highly lethal form of skin cancer. Quercetin (Qu), the most widely consumed dietary bioflavonoid and well known inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase signalling, has been reported to be chemopreventive in several forms of non-melanoma skin cancers. Here, we report that the treatment of ultraviolet (UV)-B-irradiated B16F10 melanoma cells with quercetin resulted in a dose dependent reduction in cell viability and increased apoptosis. The present study has brought out that the pro-apoptotic effects of quercetin in UVB-irradiated B16F10 cells are mediated through the elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, calcium homeostasis imbalance, modulation of anti-oxidant defence response and depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨM). Promotion of UVB-induced cell death by quercetin was further revealed by cleavage of chromosomal DNA, caspase activation, poly (ADP) ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage, and an increase in sub-G1 cells. Quercetin markedly attenuated MEK-ERK signalling, influenced PI3K/Akt pathway, and potentially enhanced the UVB-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation. Furthermore, combined UVB and quercetin treatment decreased the ratio of Bcl-2 to that of Bax, and upregulated the expression of Bim and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF). Overall, these results suggest the possibility of using quercetin in combination with UVB as a possible treatment option for melanoma in future.
Collapse
|
22
|
Kim H, Choi JA, Kim JH. Ras promotes transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition via a leukotriene B4 receptor-2-linked cascade in mammary epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:22151-60. [PMID: 24990945 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.556126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and inflammatory mediators are inextricably linked with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through complex pathways in the tumor microenvironment. However, the mechanism by which inflammatory mediators, such as the lipid inflammatory mediators, eicosanoids, contribute to EMT is largely unknown. In the present study we observed that BLT2, leukotriene B4 receptor-2, is markedly up-regulated by oncogenic Ras and promotes EMT in response to transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in mammary epithelial cells. Blockade of BLT2 by the BLT2 inhibitor LY255283 or by siRNA reduced EMT induced by Ras in the presence of TGF-β. In addition, stimulation of BLT2 by the addition of a BLT2 ligand, such as leukotriene B4, restored EMT in the presence of TGF-β in human immortalized mammary epithelial MCF-10A cells. We further searched BLT2 downstream components and identified reactive oxygen species and nuclear factor κB as critical components that contribute to EMT. Taken together, these results demonstrate for the first time that a BLT2-linked inflammatory pathway contributes to EMT. This provides valuable insight into the mechanism of EMT in mammary epithelial cells. In addition, considering the implications of EMT with the stemness of cancer cells, our finding may contribute to a better understanding of tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Kim
- From the College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Jung-A Choi
- From the College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- From the College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
NADPH oxidase 1 and its derived reactive oxygen species mediated tissue injury and repair. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:282854. [PMID: 24669283 PMCID: PMC3942082 DOI: 10.1155/2014/282854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are mostly viewed to cause oxidative damage to various cells and induce organ dysfunction after ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, they are also considered as crucial molecules for cellular signal transduction in biology. NADPH oxidase, whose only function is reactive oxygen species production, has been extensively investigated in many cell types especially phagocytes. The deficiency of NADPH oxidase extends the process of inflammation and delays tissue repair, which causes chronic granulomatous disease in patients. NADPH oxidase 1, one member of the NADPH oxidase family, is not only constitutively expressed in a variety of tissues, but also induced to increase expression in both mRNA and protein levels under many circumstances. NADPH oxidase 1 and its derived reactive oxygen species are suggested to be able to regulate inflammation reaction, cell proliferation and migration, and extracellular matrix synthesis, which contribute to the processes of tissue injury and repair.
Collapse
|
24
|
Chen Y, Ye X, Li G, He Y, Zhou W, Wang P, Zhang Y, Tong W, Wu H, Liu M. Identification, Synthesis and Photo-protection Evaluation of Arylthiazole Derivatives as a Novel Series of Sunscreens. HETEROCYCLES 2014. [DOI: 10.3987/com-13-12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
25
|
Lee JW, Kim JH. Activation of the leukotriene B4 receptor 2-reactive oxygen species (BLT2-ROS) cascade following detachment confers anoikis resistance in prostate cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:30054-30063. [PMID: 23986446 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.481283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of prostate cancer-related deaths are associated with advanced and metastatic malignancies. Although anoikis resistance has been recognized as one of the hallmarks of metastatic prostate malignancies, the molecular events that cause anoikis resistance are poorly understood. In this study, we found that the detachment of PC-3 prostate cancer cells caused a time-dependent increase in the expression level of the leukotriene B4 receptor-2 (BLT2) and that BLT2 played a critical role in establishing anoikis resistance in these cells. Blocking BLT2 with the pharmacological inhibitor LY255283 or with RNAi knockdown clearly abolished anoikis resistance and resulted in severe apoptotic death. Additionally, we demonstrated that the activation of NADPH oxidase (NOX) and subsequent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were downstream of BLT2 signaling and led to the activation of NF-κB, thus establishing anoikis resistance during cell detachment. Furthermore, we observed that the ectopic expression of BLT2 in normal prostate PWR-1E cells rendered the cells resistant to anoikis and apparently diminished apoptotic cell death following detachment. Taken together, our results suggest that BLT2-NOX-ROS-NF-κB cascade induction during detachment confers a novel mechanism of anoikis resistance in prostate cancer cells and potentially contributes to prostate cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wook Lee
- From the College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- From the College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hyun YJ, Piao MJ, Ko MH, Lee NH, Kang HK, Yoo ES, Koh YS, Hyun JW. Photoprotective effect of Undaria crenata against ultraviolet B-induced damage to keratinocytes. J Biosci Bioeng 2013; 116:256-64. [PMID: 23474096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure of the skin to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation induces oxidative stress, which plays a crucial role in the induction of skin cancer. The brown alga Undaria crenata is a potential source of antioxidant and anti-apoptotic compounds due to its capacity to produce protective compounds against environmental factors, including UV radiation. The aim of this study was to investigate the photoprotective properties of an U. crenata ethanol extract (UCE) against UVB-induced cell damage in human HaCaT keratinocytes. UCE exhibited absorbing effect of UVB (280-320 nm) and scavenging activity against the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical and intracellular reactive oxygen species induced by hydrogen peroxide and UVB rays. Furthermore, electron spin resonance spectrometry revealed the significant scavenging effect of UCE against superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical. UCE reduced UVB-induced apoptosis, as shown by a decrease in apoptotic bodies and nuclear and DNA fragmentation, resulting in the recovery of cell viability. UCE also decreased the degree of UVB-induced oxidative stress to lipids, proteins, and DNA as shown by a decrease in 8-isoprostane level, protein carbonylation and DNA tails. These results suggest that UCE protects human keratinocytes against UVB-induced oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jae Hyun
- Jeju National University, School of Medicine, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
A leukotriene B4 receptor-2 is associated with paclitaxel resistance in MCF-7/DOX breast cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:351-9. [PMID: 23799854 PMCID: PMC3721398 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. Although chemotherapeutic agents, such as paclitaxel, are effective treatments for the majority of breast cancer patients, recurrence is frequent and often leads to death. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify novel therapeutic targets that sensitise tumour cells to existing chemotherapy agents. Methods: The levels of leukotriene B4 receptor-2 (BLT2) in multidrug-resistant MCF-7/DOX cells were determined using quantitative PCR and FACS analysis. The potential role of BLT2 in the paclitaxel resistance of MCF-7/DOX cells was assessed using a pharmacological inhibitor and small interfering RNA knockdown, and the BLT2-associated resistance mechanism was assessed. Results: The expression levels of BLT2 were markedly upregulated in MCF-7/DOX cells. The inhibition of BLT2 by pre-treatment with LY255283 or siBLT2 knockdown significantly sensitised MCF-7/DOX cells to paclitaxel and induced significant levels of apoptotic death, suggesting that BLT2 mediates paclitaxel resistance. We also demonstrated that BLT2-induced paclitaxel resistance was associated with the upregulation of P-glycoprotein. Finally, co-treatment with a BLT2 inhibitor and paclitaxel markedly reduced tumour growth in an MCF-7/DOX in vivo model. Conclusion: Together, our results demonstrate that BLT2 is a novel therapeutic target that sensitises drug-resistant breast cancer cells to paclitaxel.
Collapse
|
28
|
Fernandes ES, Vong CT, Quek S, Cheong J, Awal S, Gentry C, Aubdool AA, Liang L, Bodkin JV, Bevan S, Heads R, Brain SD. Superoxide generation and leukocyte accumulation: key elements in the mediation of leukotriene B₄-induced itch by transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1. FASEB J 2012; 27:1664-73. [PMID: 23271050 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-221218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms of itch are poorly understood. We have investigated a model involving the chemoattractant leukotriene B₄ (LTB₄) that is up-regulated in common skin diseases. Intradermal injection of LTB4 (0.1 nmol/site) into female CD1 mice induced significant scratching movements (used as an itch index) compared with vehicle-injected (0.1% bovine serum albumin-saline) mice. Intraperitoneal transient receptor potential (TRP) channel antagonist treatment significantly inhibited itch as follows: TRP vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist SB366791 (0.5 mg/kg, by 97%) and the TRP ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) antagonists TCS 5861528 (10 mg/kg; 82%) and HC-030031 (100 mg/kg; 76%). Leukotriene B₄ receptor 2 antagonism by LY255283 (5 mg/kg i.p.; 62%) reduced itch. Neither TRPV1-knockout (TRPV1-KO) nor TRPA1-knockout (TRPA1-KO mice exhibited LTB₄-induced itch compared with their wild-type counterparts. The reactive oxygen species scavengers N-acetylcysteine (NAC; 204 mg/kg i.p.; 86%) or superoxide dismutase (SOD; 10 mg/kg i.p.; 83%) also inhibited itch. LTB4-induced superoxide release was attenuated by TCS 5861528 (56%) and HC-030031 (66%), NAC (58%), SOD (50%), and LY255283 (59%) but not by the leukotriene B4 receptor 1 antagonist U-75302 (9 nmol/site) or SB366791. Itch, superoxide, and myeloperoxidase generation were inhibited by the leukocyte migration inhibitor fucoidan (10 mg/kg i.v.) by 80, 61, and 34%, respectively. Myeloperoxidase activity was also reduced by SB366791 (35%) and SOD (28%). TRPV1-KO mice showed impaired myeloperoxidase release, whereas TRPA1-KO mice exhibited diminished production of superoxide. This result provides novel evidence that TRPA1 and TRPV1 contribute to itch via distinct mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lee JW, Ryu HC, Ng YC, Kim C, Wei JD, Sabaratnam V, Kim JH. 12(S)-Hydroxyheptadeca-5Z,8E,10E-trienoic acid suppresses UV-induced IL-6 synthesis in keratinocytes, exerting an anti-inflammatory activity. Exp Mol Med 2012; 44:378-86. [PMID: 22391335 PMCID: PMC3389076 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2012.44.6.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
12(S)-Hydroxyheptadeca-5Z,8E,10E-trienoic acid (12-HHT) is an enzymatic product of prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) derived from cyclooxygenase (COX)-mediated arachidonic acid metabolism. Despite the high level of 12-HHT present in tissues and bodily fluids, its precise function remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that 12-HHT treatment in HaCaT cells remarkably down-regulated the ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation-induced synthesis of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine associated with cutaneous inflammation. In an approach to identify the down-stream signaling mechanism by which 12-HHT down-regulates UVB-induced IL-6 synthesis in keratinocytes, we observed that 12-HHT inhibits the UVB-stimulated activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). In addition, we found that 12-HHT markedly up-regulates MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1), a critical negative regulator of p38 MAPK. When MKP-1 was suppressed by siRNA knock-down, the 12-HHT-mediated inhibitory effects on the UVB-stimulated activation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB, as well as the production of IL-6, were attenuated in HaCaT cells. Taken together, our results suggest that 12-HHT exerts anti-inflammatory effect via up-regulation of MKP-1, which negatively regulates p38 MAPK and NF-κB, thus attenuating IL-6 production in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. Considering the critical role of IL-6 in cutaneous inflammation, our findings provide the basis for the application of 12-HHT as a potential anti-inflammatory therapeutic agent in UV-induced skin diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wook Lee
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Seo JM, Park S, Kim JH. Leukotriene B4 receptor-2 promotes invasiveness and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells through signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-dependent up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase 2. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:13840-9. [PMID: 22396544 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.317131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in women. Despite the fact that the metastatic spread is associated with the majority of deaths from ovarian cancer, the molecular mechanisms regulating the invasive and metastatic phenotypes of ovarian cancer are poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that BLT2, a low affinity leukotriene B(4) receptor, is highly expressed in OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3 human ovarian cancer cells, and that this receptor plays a key role in the invasiveness and metastasis of these cells through activation of STAT3 and consequent up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2). In addition, our results suggest that activation of NAD(P)H oxidase-4 (NOX4) and subsequent reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation lie downstream of BLT2, mediating the stimulation of STAT3-MMP2 cascade in this process. For example, knockdown of BLT2 or NOX4 using each specific siRNA suppressed STAT3 stimulation and MMP2 expression. Similarly, inhibition of STAT3 suppressed the expression of MMP2, thus leading to attenuated invasiveness of these ovarian cancer cells. Finally, the metastasis of SKOV-3 cells in nude mice was markedly suppressed by pharmacological inhibition of BLT2. Together, our results implicate a BLT2-NOX4-ROS-STAT3-MMP2 cascade in the invasiveness and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Min Seo
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ahmad I, Jimenez H, Yaacob NS, Yusuf N. Tualang honey protects keratinocytes from ultraviolet radiation-induced inflammation and DNA damage. Photochem Photobiol 2012; 88:1198-204. [PMID: 22276569 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01100.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Malaysian tualang honey possesses strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we evaluated the effect of tualang honey on early biomarkers of photocarcinogenesis employing PAM212 mouse keratinocyte cell line. Keratinocytes were treated with tualang honey (1.0%, v/v) before a single UVB (150 mJ cm(-2) ) irradiation. We found that the treatment of tualang honey inhibited UVB-induced DNA damage, and enhanced repair of UVB-mediated formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine. Treatment of tualang honey inhibited UVB-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB and degradation of IκBα in murine keratinocyte cell line. The treatment of tualang honey also inhibited UVB-induced inflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression. Furthermore, the treatment of tualang honey inhibited UVB-induced COX-2 expression and PGE2 production. Taken together, we provide evidence that the treatment of tualang honey to keratinocytes affords substantial protection from the adverse effects of UVB radiation via modulation in early biomarkers of photocarcinogenesis and provide suggestion for its photochemopreventive potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Israr Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lai WW, Hsiao YP, Chung JG, Wei YH, Cheng YW, Yang JH. Synergistic phototoxic effects of glycolic acid in a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). J Dermatol Sci 2011; 64:191-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
33
|
Cornelissen C, Brans R, Czaja K, Skazik C, Marquardt Y, Zwadlo-Klarwasser G, Kim A, Bickers D, Lüscher-Firzlaff J, Lüscher B, Baron J. Ultraviolet B radiation and reactive oxygen species modulate interleukin-31 expression in T lymphocytes, monocytes and dendritic cells. Br J Dermatol 2011; 165:966-75. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10487.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
34
|
Cho KJ, Seo JM, Kim JH. Bioactive lipoxygenase metabolites stimulation of NADPH oxidases and reactive oxygen species. Mol Cells 2011; 32:1-5. [PMID: 21424583 PMCID: PMC3887656 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-011-1021-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cells, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced via a variety of cellular oxidative processes, including the activity of NADPH oxidases (NOX), the activity of xanthine oxidases, the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) by lipoxygenases (LOX) and cyclooxygenases (COX), and the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Although NOX-generated ROS are the best characterized examples of ROS in mammalian cells, ROS are also generated by the oxidative metabolism (e.g., via LOX and COX) of AA that is released from the membrane phospholipids via the activity of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)). Recently, growing evidence suggests that LOX- and COX-generated AA metabolites can induce ROS generation by stimulating NOX and that a potential signaling connection exits between the LOX/COX metabolites and NOX. In this review, we discuss the results of recent studies that report the generation of ROS by LOX metabolites, especially 5-LOX metabolites, via NOX stimulation. In particular, we have focused on the contribution of leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)), a potent bioactive eicosanoid that is derived from 5-LOX, and its receptors, BLT1 and BLT2, to NOX stimulation through a signaling mechanism that leads to ROS generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ji-Min Seo
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Portugal-Cohen M, Soroka Y, Frušić-Zlotkin M, Verkhovsky L, Brégégère FM, Neuman R, Kohen R, Milner Y. Skin organ culture as a model to study oxidative stress, inflammation and structural alterations associated with UVB-induced photodamage. Exp Dermatol 2011; 20:749-55. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01317.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
36
|
Gruber-Wackernagel A, Heinemann A, Konya V, Byrne SN, Singh TP, Hofer A, Legat F, Wolf P. Photohardening restores the impaired neutrophil responsiveness to chemoattractants leukotriene B4 and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanin in patients with polymorphic light eruption. Exp Dermatol 2011; 20:473-6. [PMID: 21410775 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01264.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A failure to induce immune suppression after UV exposure has been implicated in the pathogenesis of polymorphic light eruption (PLE). This immunological resistance has been linked to an impaired neutrophil infiltration into the skin following UV exposure. Therapeutic photohardening can restore this abnormal neutrophil infiltration in PLE skin and is thought to be responsible for the prophylactic efficacy. The aim of this study was to elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of the described neutrophil deficiency in PLE. Peripheral blood neutrophil responses to the chemoattractants leukotriene B4 (LTB(4)) and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanin (fMLP) were investigated in vitro. Samples from 10 patients with PLE before and after 6 weeks of photohardening therapy were assessed. Flow cytometry was used to measure the changes associated with neutrophil activation. We found a significantly reduced neutrophil responsiveness to LTB(4) and fMLP in PLE patients, which was restored to normal levels after phototherapy. Indeed, PLE neutrophil responsiveness to these two chemoattractants after (but not before) phototherapy was similar to that of age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. This indicates that an abnormal chemotactic potential to neutrophils is a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of PLE. Normalization following photohardening may therefore account for the therapeutic efficacy by restoring UV-induced neutrophil skin infiltration. Our results reveal a completely novel pathogenic mechanism involved in PLE and offer unique targets for therapy.
Collapse
|
37
|
Affiliation(s)
- Motonao Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kim C, Ryu HC, Kim JH. Low-dose UVB irradiation stimulates matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression via a BLT2-linked pathway in HaCaT cells. Exp Mol Med 2011; 42:833-41. [PMID: 20966635 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2010.42.12.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin exposure to low-dose ultraviolet B (UVB) light up-regulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), thus contributing to premature skin aging (photo-aging). Although cyclooxygenase-2 (COX- 2) and its product, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE((2))), have been associated with UVB-induced signaling to MMP expression, very little are known about the roles of lipoxygenases and their products, especially leukotriene B((4)) (LTB((4))) and 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12(S)-HETE), in MMP-1 expression in skin keratinocytes. In the present study, we demonstrate that BLT2, a cell surface receptor for LTB((4)) and 12(S)-HETE, plays a critical role in UVB-mediated MMP-1 upregulation in human HaCaT keratinocytes. Moreover, our results demonstrated that BLT2-mediated MMP-1 upregulation occurs through a signaling pathway dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the subsequent stimulation of ERK. Blockage of BLT2 via siRNA knockdown or with the BLT2-antagonist LY255283 completely abolished the up-regulated expression of MMP-1 induced by low-dose UVB irradiation. Finally, when HaCaT cells were transiently transfected with a BLT2 expression plasmid, MMP-1 expression was significantly enhanced, along with ERK phosphorylation, suggesting that BLT2 overexpression alone is sufficient for MMP-1 up-regulation. Together, our results suggest that the BLT2-ROS- ERK-linked cascade is a novel signaling mechanism for MMP-1 upregulation in low-dose UVB- irradiated keratinocytes and thus potentially contributes to photo-aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheolmin Kim
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cho KJ, Seo JM, Lee MG, Kim JH. BLT2 Is upregulated in allergen-stimulated mast cells and mediates the synthesis of Th2 cytokines. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:6329-37. [PMID: 20952677 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are effector cells that mediate the allergic response through Ag stimulation of IgE bound to FcεRI. In allergic reactions, cross-linking of the surface receptors for IgE on mast cells results in the synthesis of Th2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13, which are critical for the initiation and progression of the allergic response. Despite the important roles of these cytokines, the signaling mechanism by which Ag stimulation mediates the production of IL-4 and IL-13 in mast cells is not clearly understood. In the present study, we found that Ag-stimulated bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) highly upregulated the expression of BLT2, a leukotriene B(4) receptor, and that blockade of BLT2 with the specific antagonist LY255283 or small interfering RNA knockdown completely abolished the production of Th2 cytokines. Furthermore, BMMCs overexpressing BLT2 showed significantly enhanced production of Th2 cytokines compared with wild-type BMMCs. Additionally, we found that the generation of Nox1-derived reactive oxygen species occurs downstream of BLT2, thus mediating the synthesis of Th2 cytokines. Taken together, our results suggest that the BLT2-Nox1-reactive oxygen species cascade is a previously unsuspected mediatory signaling mechanism to Th2 cytokine production in Ag-stimulated BMMCs, thus contributing to allergic response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Jin Cho
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|