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Wang Z, Wang R, He L, Gu C, Zhao M, Yang Q, He M, Han J, Yu Z, Xiao W. Comprehensive analysis of long non-coding RNA expression profiles in Trichophyton mentagrophytes-infected keratinocytes. Microb Pathog 2022; 167:105565. [PMID: 35523366 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhangxu Wang
- Nucleic Acid Medicine of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Laboratory Animal Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Lvqin He
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Laboratory Animal Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Congwei Gu
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Laboratory Animal Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Mingde Zhao
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Laboratory Animal Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Laboratory Animal Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Manli He
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Laboratory Animal Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jianhong Han
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Laboratory Animal Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Zehui Yu
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Laboratory Animal Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Wudian Xiao
- Nucleic Acid Medicine of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Laboratory Animal Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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The Immune Function of Keratinocytes in Anti-Pathogen Infection in the Skin. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1097/jd9.0000000000000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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3
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Wang T, Jian Z, Baskys A, Yang J, Li J, Guo H, Hei Y, Xian P, He Z, Li Z, Li N, Long Q. MSC-derived exosomes protect against oxidative stress-induced skin injury via adaptive regulation of the NRF2 defense system. Biomaterials 2020; 257:120264. [PMID: 32791387 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major cause of skin injury induced by damaging stimuli such as UV radiation. Currently, owing to their immunomodulatory properties, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo), as a nanotherapeutic agent, have attracted considerable attention. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effects of MSC-Exo on oxidative injury in H2O2-stimulated epidermal keratinocytes and UV-irradiated wild type and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) knocked down cell and animal models. Our findings showed that MSC-Exo treatment reduced reactive oxygen species generation, DNA damage, aberrant calcium signaling, and mitochondrial changes in H2O2-stimulated keratinocytes or UV-irradiated mice skin. Exosome therapy also improved antioxidant capacities shown by increased ferric ion reducing antioxidant power and glutathione peroxidase or superoxide dismutase activities in oxidative stress-induced cell and skin injury. In addition, it alleviated cellular and histological responses to inflammation and oxidation in cell or animal models. Furthermore, the NRF2 signaling pathway was involved in the antioxidation activity of MSC-Exo, while Nrf2 knockdown attenuated the antioxidant capacities of MSC-Exo in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that these effects are partially mediated by the NRF2 signaling pathway. These results indicate that MSC-Exo can repair oxidative stress-induced skin injury via adaptive regulation of the NRF2 defense system. Thus, MSC-Exo may be used as a potential dermatological nanotherapeutic agent for treating oxidative stress-induced skin diseases or disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wang
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710003, PR China
| | - Zhe Jian
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No.17 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Andrius Baskys
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710003, PR China; Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Junle Yang
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710003, PR China
| | - Jianying Li
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710003, PR China
| | - Hua Guo
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710003, PR China
| | - Yue Hei
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No.17 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Panpan Xian
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710003, PR China
| | - Zhongzheng He
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710003, PR China
| | - Zhengyu Li
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710003, PR China
| | - Namiao Li
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710003, PR China
| | - Qianfa Long
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710003, PR China.
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β-Glucan augments IL-1β production by activating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in cultured rabbit keratinocytes. Microb Pathog 2020; 144:104175. [PMID: 32224209 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Trichophyton mentagrophytes (T. mentagrophytes) is the main cause of rabbit dermatophytosis. As the main pathogen-associated molecular pattern of T. mentagrophytes, the role of β-glucan in the pathogenesis of rabbit dermatophytosis remains elusive. Keratinocytes (KC) are the main cellular component and the first defensive line against fungal pathogens in the skin. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of β-glucan on rabbit KC from dorsal skin. β-glucan was found to inhibit KC proliferation by 10% at 20 ug/ml and this concentration was thus considered as optimal. Next, 20 ug/ml β-glucan stimulation for 24 h significantly increased CXCL8, CXCL11, and IL-1β secretions in KC. Furthermore, β-glucan exposure induced the expressions of JAK2 mRNA, STAT3 mRNA, and p-STAT3 protein. Silencing JAK2 expression inhibited p-STAT3 protein expression and β-glucan-induced IL-1β secretion. And overexpression of JAK2 further promoted β-glucan-mediated p-STAT3 protein and IL-1β productions. These results suggested that β-glucan-induced CXCL8, CXCL11, and IL-1β secretions in rabbit KC might be involved in the inflammatory response of T. mentagrophytes infected rabbit dorsal skin. However, only IL-1β secretion was promoted by the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. In conclusion, this study is a necessary step toward elucidating the mechanisms that underlie skin immune system injury stimulated by β-glucan.
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γ-Propoxy-Sulfo-Lichenan Induces In Vitro Cell Differentiation of Human Keratinocytes. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030574. [PMID: 30764551 PMCID: PMC6384931 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As non-cellulosic β-d-glucans are known to exert wound-healing activity by triggering keratinocytes into cellular differentiation, the functionality of a semisynthetic lichenan-based polysaccharide on skin cell physiology was investigated. Methods: γ-Propoxy-sulfo-lichenan (γ-PSL, molecular weight 52 kDa, β-1,3/1,4-p-d-Glucose, degree of substitution 0.7) was prepared from lichenan. Differentiation of primary human keratinocytes was assayed by the protein analysis of differentiation specific markers and by gene expression analysis (qPCR). The gene array gave insight into the cell signaling induced by the polysaccharide. Results: γ-PSL (1 to 100 μg/mL) triggered keratinocytes, in a concentration-dependent manner, into the terminal differentiation, as shown by the increased protein expression of cytokeratin 1 (KRT1). Time-dependent gene expression analysis proved differentiation-inducing effects, indicating strong and fast KRT1 gene expression, while KRT10 expression showed a maximum after 12 to 24 h, followed by downregulation to the basal level. Involucrin gene expression was only changed to a minor extent, which was similar to loricrin and transglutaminase. Gene array indicated the influence of γ-PSL on MAP kinase and TGF-β mediated signaling towards keratinocyte differentiation. Conclusion: The propoxylated lichenan may improve wound healing by topical application to promote the terminal barrier formation of keratinocytes.
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Brauner A, Alvendal C, Chromek M, Stopsack KH, Ehrström S, Schröder JM, Bohm-Starke N. Psoriasin, a novel anti-Candida albicans adhesin. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:537-545. [PMID: 29736603 PMCID: PMC5988767 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1637-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Candida albicans belongs to the normal microbial flora on epithelial surfaces of humans. However, under certain, still not fully understood conditions, it can become pathogenic and cause a spectrum of diseases, from local infections to life-threatening septicemia. We investigated a panel of antimicrobial proteins and peptides (AMPs), potentially involved in mucosal immunity against this pathogen. Out of six studied AMPs, psoriasin was most up-regulated during a mucosal infection, an acute episode of recurrent Candida vulvovaginitis, although candidacidal activity has not been demonstrated. We here show that psoriasin binds to β-glucan, a basic component of the C. albicans cell wall, and thereby inhibits adhesion of the pathogen to surfaces and increases IL-8 production by mucosal epithelial cells. In conclusion, we show a novel mechanism of action of psoriasin. By inhibiting C. albicans adhesion and by enhancing cytokine production, psoriasin contributes to the immune response against C. albicans. Key messages The antimicrobial peptide psoriasin is highly up-regulated during a local mucosal infection, Candida albicans vulvovaginitis. Psoriasin binds to β-glucan in the Candida albicans cell wall and thereby inhibits adhesion of the pathogen. Binding of psoriasin to Candida albicans induces an immune response by mucosal epithelial cells.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00109-018-1637-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelie Brauner
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Cathrin Alvendal
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Danderyd Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Milan Chromek
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Pediatrics, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Konrad H Stopsack
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sophia Ehrström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Danderyd Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jens M Schröder
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nina Bohm-Starke
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Danderyd Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Yamamura Y, Morizane S, Yamamoto T, Wada J, Iwatsuki K. High calcium enhances the expression of double-stranded RNA sensors and antiviral activity in epidermal keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:129-134. [PMID: 29087009 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) sensors including TLR3, MDA5 and RIG-I are expressed in epidermal keratinocytes and play an important immunological role by enhancing various innate and adaptive immune responses. Although the role of elevated extracellular calcium concentration in keratinocyte differentiation is well understood, the effect of high calcium on dsRNA sensors is not well studied. We investigated alterations in dsRNA sensor expression and antiviral activity induced by a high extracellular concentration of calcium in epidermal keratinocytes. Normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) were stimulated with high calcium and/or synthetic dsRNA, poly (I:C). TLR3, IFIH1 (MDA5) and DDX58 (RIG-I) expression were measured via qPCR, and IFN-β and human beta-defensin 2 (HBD2) levels were measured using ELISA. TLR3 localization was evaluated with immunocytofluorescence. Antiviral activity was quantified with virus plaque assays using herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). High calcium significantly upregulated mRNA expression of TLR3, IFIH1 and DDX58 in NHEKs. In addition, high calcium significantly enhanced poly (I:C)-induced anti-HSV-1 activity in NHEKs. The antiviral molecule HBD2 but not IFN-β induction by poly (I:C) was enhanced by high calcium. Our findings indicate that high levels of extracellular calcium enhance the expression of dsRNA sensors and augment antiviral activity in epidermal keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Yamamura
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shin Morizane
- Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Jun Wada
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keiji Iwatsuki
- Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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8
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Wang Y, Viennet C, Jeudy A, Fanian F, He L, Humbert P. Assessment of the efficacy of a new complex antisensitive skin cream. J Cosmet Dermatol 2018; 17:1101-1107. [PMID: 29356277 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensitive skin is frequently complaint in dermatology consultation with cutaneous manifestations such as stinging, redness, dryness, and burning sensation that affect the quality of life. Its pathogenesis is mainly related to dysfunction of neurosensory, skin barrier, and also immune activity. The treatment is generally based on continuous and topical therapy by nonirritating complex. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the antisensitive function of a new complex cream composed by Yunnan Portulaca oleracea extract, Prinsepia utilis oil, beta-glucan, and sodium hyaluronate extracted from mushroom. METHODS A randomized double-blind and self-control study was conducted on 20 selected volunteers with sensitive skin. Subjects applied the test cream to 1 side of the face, and the control cream (tolerance-extreme cream) to the other side of the face, twice daily over 28 days. Evaluations were performed at baseline and at 28 days. Expert clinical grading of facial skin including dryness, roughness, desquamation, and erythema was assessed. Subject self-assessment questionnaires, digital photography and noninvasive bioinstrumentation of hydration, transepidermal water loss, lipid index, skin texture, and wettability were also included in the study. RESULTS Products were well tolerated. For all parameters studied, no significant difference was observed between test and control creams. Results showed that test cream provided a statistically significant improvement in clinical grading scores for dryness, roughness, and erythema at 28 days compared to baseline. In addition, statistically significant improvement of skin hydration and texture parameters (eg, smoothness and roughness) was demonstrated. Volunteers' questionnaire revealed self-perceived benefits consistent with expert visual grading. CONCLUSION This study confirmed the effectiveness and tolerance of the new complex cream in subjects with sensitive skin. The test cream could serve as a daily care moisturizer for face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjuan Wang
- Engineering and Cutaneous Biology Laboratory, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Céline Viennet
- Engineering and Cutaneous Biology Laboratory, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Adeline Jeudy
- Department of Dermatology, Research and Studies Center on the Integument (CERT), University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - Ferial Fanian
- Department of Dermatology, Research and Studies Center on the Integument (CERT), University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - Li He
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Philippe Humbert
- Engineering and Cutaneous Biology Laboratory, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,Department of Dermatology, Research and Studies Center on the Integument (CERT), University Hospital, Besançon, France
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Hau CS, Tada Y, Kanda N, Watanabe S. Immunoresponses in dermatomycoses. J Dermatol 2016; 42:236-44. [PMID: 25736316 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Contact with fungal pathogens initiates a series of host responses beginning with innate immunity, which leads to fungal recognition and microbial killing. The innate immune system also modulates the adaptive immune responses, leading to the establishment of immunological memory and protection against pathogens. In the case of dimorphic fungi such as Candida albicans and Malassezia, the immune system plays an important role in tolerance and resistance when managing the organisms either as commensal microbiota or invading pathogens, and disruption of this balance can result in pathological consequences for the host. In addition, Malassezia and dermatophytes have immunomodulatory capabilities that allow them to adapt to their environments and they may exert different effects in healthy and diseased skin. Here, we discuss the host immune responses to dermatomycoses caused by dimorphic fungi such as C. albicans and Malassezia as well as dermatophytes such as Trichophyton spp. and Arthroderma benhamiae to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms of the host-dermatomycosis interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carren Sy Hau
- Department of Dermatology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Mitsui A, Tada Y, Takahashi T, Shibata S, Kamata M, Miyagaki T, Fujita H, Sugaya M, Kadono T, Sato S, Asano Y. Serum IL-33 levels are increased in patients with psoriasis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2015; 41:183-9. [PMID: 25976154 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-33 is a recently identified cytokine, which is a member of the IL-1 family and binds to a heterodimeric receptor comprising ST2 (suppression of tumorigenicity 2) and IL-1 receptor accessory protein. Serum levels of IL-33 have been reported to be upregulated in various T helper (Th)1/Th17-mediated diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. IL-33 expression is increased in lesional skin in patients with psoriasis, but serum levels in patients with psoriasis have not yet been studied. AIM To study serum IL-33 levels in patients with psoriasis, a Th1/Th17-mediated skin disease, before and after anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α therapy. METHODS Serum IL-33 levels were measured in patients with psoriasis vulgaris (PV), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) or pustular psoriasis (PP), and compared with those of healthy controls. Associations between serum IL-33 levels and serum TNF-α, IL-6, vascular endothelial growth factor and C-reactive protein levels were also studied. In addition, the effect of IL-33 stimulation on IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and VEGF secretion by human keratinocyte was analysed. RESULTS Serum IL-33 levels in patients with PV, PsA and PP were significantly higher than those in healthy controls. Serum IL-33 levels correlated with serum TNF-α levels in patients with psoriasis, and decreased after anti-TNF-α therapy. IL-33 stimulated IL-6 and IL-8 secretion by human keratinocytes. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that serum IL-33 levels generally reflect increased inflammation in patients with psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mitsui
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Tada
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Shibata
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Kamata
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Miyagaki
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Sugaya
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Kadono
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Sato
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Asano
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Uratsuji H, Nakamura A, Yamada Y, Hashimoto K, Matsumoto T, Ikeda F, Ishii R. Anti-inflammatory activity of lanoconazole, a topical antifungal agent. Mycoses 2015; 58:197-202. [PMID: 25675966 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Topical antifungal agents which have anti-inflammatory effects have the potential to provide additional clinical benefits. Therefore, an anti-inflammatory activity of lanoconazole (LCZ), a topical antifungal agent, was investigated against in vitro and in vivo models of inflammation. The release of interleukin-8 (IL-8) from human epidermal keratinocytes stimulated by the addition of 100 μg ml(-1) β-glucan of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was significantly inhibited by LCZ at the concentration of 10(-5) mol l(-1). The release of interferon-γ and IL-2 from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by the addition of 30 and 100 μg ml(-1) phytohemagglutinin was significantly inhibited by LCZ at the concentrations of 10(-7) and 10(-6) mol l(-1), respectively. The increase in the ear thickness induced by topical application of 0.01% 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate and 1% 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB) after sensitisation with 3% TNCB were established as the mouse models of irritant and contact dermatitis, respectively. Application of 1% and 3% LCZ showed a significant anti-inflammatory activity against both the irritant and contact dermatitis models. These findings suggest that LCZ possesses an anti-inflammatory activity, which may be partially helpful in the treatment of dermatomycoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideya Uratsuji
- Research Laboratories, Kyoto R&D Center, Maruho Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
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Kuo IH, Yoshida T, De Benedetto A, Beck LA. The cutaneous innate immune response in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 131:266-78. [PMID: 23374259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.12.1563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Orchestrating when and how the cutaneous innate immune system should respond to commensal or pathogenic microbes is a critical function of the epithelium. The cutaneous innate immune system is a key determinant of the physical, chemical, microbial, and immunologic barrier functions of the epidermis. A malfunction in this system can lead to an inadequate host response to a pathogen or a persistent inflammatory state. Atopic dermatitis is the most common inflammatory skin disorder and characterized by abnormalities in both skin barrier structures (stratum corneum and tight junctions), a robust T(H)2 response to environmental antigens, defects in innate immunity, and an altered microbiome. Many of these abnormalities may occur as the consequence of epidermal dysfunction. The epidermis directly interfaces with the environment and, not surprisingly, expresses many pattern recognition receptors that make it a key player in cutaneous innate immune responses to skin infections and injury. This review will discuss the role epidermal innate receptors play in regulation of skin barriers and, where possible, discuss the relevance of these findings for patients with atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hsin Kuo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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13
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Iram N, Mildner M, Prior M, Petzelbauer P, Fiala C, Hacker S, Schöppl A, Tschachler E, Elbe-Bürger A. Age-related changes in expression and function of Toll-like receptors in human skin. Development 2012; 139:4210-9. [PMID: 23034637 PMCID: PMC3912866 DOI: 10.1242/dev.083477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) initiate innate immune responses and direct subsequent adaptive immunity. They play a major role in cutaneous host defense against micro-organisms and in the pathophysiology of several inflammatory skin diseases. To understand the role of TLRs in the acquisition of immunological competence, we conducted a comprehensive study to evaluate TLR expression and function in the developing human skin before and after birth and compared it with adults. We found that prenatal skin already expresses the same spectrum of TLRs as adult skin. Strikingly, many TLRs were significantly higher expressed in prenatal (TLRs 1-5) and infant and child (TLRs 1 and 3) skin than in adult skin. Surprisingly, neither dendritic cell precursors in prenatal skin nor epidermal Langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells in adult skin expressed TLRs 3 and 6, whereas the staining pattern and intensity of both TLRs in fetal basal keratinocytes was almost comparable to those of adults. Stimulation of primary human keratinocytes from fetal, neonatal and adult donors with selected TLR agonists revealed that the synthetic TLR3 ligand poly (I:C) specifically, mimicking viral double-stranded RNA, induced a significantly enhanced secretion of CXCL8/IL8, CXCL10/IP-10 and TNFα in fetal and neonatal keratinocytes compared with adult keratinocytes. This study demonstrates quantitative age-specific modifications in TLR expression and innate skin immune reactivity in response to TLR activation. Thus, antiviral innate immunity already in prenatal skin may contribute to protect the developing human body from viral infections in utero in a scenario where the adaptive immune system is not yet fully functional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nousheen Iram
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunobiology of the Skin, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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ICAM-1 and IL-8 are expressed by DEHP and suppressed by curcumin through ERK and p38 MAPK in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Inflammation 2012; 35:859-70. [PMID: 21932059 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-011-9387-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine whether curcumin isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma longa Linn could inhibit di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)-induced allergic inflammatory responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We found that DEHP dose-dependently elevated adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) protein level within 15-30 min, which was independent of de novo protein synthesis. And a late-phase induction of ICAM-1 was observed within 8 h treatment of DEHP via de novo protein synthesis through transcription and translation. DEHP also increased the expression of interleukin (IL)-8 in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with curcumin dose-dependently decreased DEHP-induced expression of ICAM-1 and IL-8 as well as phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38. Preincubation with ERK1/2 inhibitor (PD98059) or p38 inhibitor (SB203580) markedly blocked DEHP-stimulated activation of ICAM-1 and IL-8. We suggest that curcumin inhibits DEHP-induced expression of ICAM-1 and IL-8 through ERK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways in HUVECs and may contribute to ameliorate pathologies of DEHP-related allergic disorders.
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Akaza N, Akamatsu H, Takeoka S, Mizutani H, Nakata S, Matsunaga K. Increased hydrophobicity in Malassezia species correlates with increased proinflammatory cytokine expression in human keratinocytes. Med Mycol 2012; 50:802-10. [PMID: 22548238 DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2012.678019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malassezia cells stimulate cytokine production by keratinocytes, although this ability differs among Malassezia species for unknown reasons. The aim of this study was to clarify the factors determining the ability to induce cytokine production by human keratinocytes in response to Malassezia species. M. furfur NBRC 0656, M. sympodialis CBS 7222, M. dermatis JCM 11348, M. globosa CBS 7966, M. restricta CBS 7877, and three strains each of M. globosa, M. restricta, M. dermatis, M. sympodialis, and M. furfur maintained under various culture conditions were used. Normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) (1 × 10(5) cells) and the Malassezia species (1 × 10(6) cells) were co-cultured, and IL-1α, IL-6, and IL-8 mRNA levels were determined. Moreover, the hydrophobicity and β-1,3-glucan expression at the surface of Malassezia cells were analyzed. The ability of Malassezia cells to trigger the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines in NHEKs differed with the species and conditions and was dependent upon the hydrophobicity of Malassezia cells not β-1,3-glucan expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narifumi Akaza
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
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de Koning HD, Simon A, Zeeuwen PLJM, Schalkwijk J. Pattern recognition receptors in infectious skin diseases. Microbes Infect 2012; 14:881-93. [PMID: 22516809 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, multiple pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) have been identified. These are involved in the innate immune response against a plethora of pathogens. However, PRR functioning can also be detrimental, even during infections. This review discusses the current knowledge on PRRs that recognize dermatotropic pathogens, and potential therapeutical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen D de Koning
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, The Netherlands.
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