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Alharthi S, Alavi SZ, Nisa MU, Koohi M, Raza A, Ebrahimi Shahmabadi H, Alavi SE. Developing Engineered Nano-Immunopotentiators for the Stimulation of Dendritic Cells and Inhibition and Prevention of Melanoma. Pharm Res 2024; 41:1163-1181. [PMID: 38839718 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03722-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to utilize PEGylated poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles as a delivery system for simultaneous administration of the BRAFV600E peptide, a tumor-specific antigen, and imiquimod (IMQ). The objective is to stimulate dendritic cell (DC) maturation, activate macrophages, and facilitate antigen presentation in C57BL6 mice. METHODS PEG-PLGA-IMQ-BRAFV600E nanoparticles were synthesized using a PLGA-PEG-PLGA tri-block copolymer, BRAFV600E, and IMQ. Characterization included size measurement and drug release profiling. Efficacy was assessed in inhibiting BPD6 melanoma cell growth and activating immature bone marrow DCs, T cells, macrophages, and splenocyte cells through MTT and ELISA assays. In vivo, therapeutic and immunogenic effects potential was evaluated, comparing it to IMQ + BRAFV600E and PLGA-IMQ-BRAFV600E nanoparticles in inhibiting subcutaneous BPD6 tumor growth. RESULTS The results highlight the successful synthesis of PEG-PLGA-IMQ-BRAFV600E nanoparticles (203 ± 11.1 nm), releasing 73.4% and 63.2% of IMQ and BARFV600E, respectively, within the initial 48 h. In vitro, these nanoparticles demonstrated a 1.3-fold increase in potency against BPD6 cells, achieving ~ 2.8-fold enhanced cytotoxicity compared to PLGA-IMQ-BRAFV600E. Moreover, PEG-PLGA-IMQ-BRAFV600E exhibited a 1.3-fold increase in potency for enhancing IMQ cytotoxic effects and a 1.1- to ~ 2.4-fold increase in activating DCs, T cells, macrophages, and splenocyte cells compared to IMQ-BRAFV600E and PLGA-IMQ-BRAFV600E. In vivo, PEG-PLGA-IMQ-BRAFV600E displayed a 1.3- to 7.5-fold increase in potency for inhibiting subcutaneous BPD6 tumor growth compared to the other formulations. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that PEG-PLGA nanoparticles effectively promote DC maturation, T cell activation, and potentially macrophage activation. The study highlights the promising role of this nanocomposite in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitah Alharthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi Campus, Al-Dawadmi, 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seyed Zeinab Alavi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, 7718175911, Iran
| | - Mehr Un Nisa
- Nishtar Medical University and Hospital, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Maedeh Koohi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, 7718175911, Iran
| | - Aun Raza
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Hasan Ebrahimi Shahmabadi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, 7718175911, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ebrahim Alavi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, 7718175911, Iran.
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Tai Y, Chen M, Wang F, Fan Y, Zhang J, Cai B, Yan L, Luo Y, Li Y. The role of dendritic cells in cancer immunity and therapeutic strategies. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111548. [PMID: 38244518 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are asserted as the most potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that orchestrate both innate and adaptive immunity, being extremely effective in the induction of robust anti-cancer T cell responses. Hence, the modulation of DCs function represents an attractive target for improving cancer immunotherapy efficacy. A better understanding of the immunobiology of DCs, the interaction among DCs, immune effector cells and tumor cells in tumor microenvironment (TME) and the latest advances in biomedical engineering technology would be required for the design of optimal DC-based immunotherapy. In this review, we focus on elaborating the immunobiology of DCs in healthy and cancer environments, the recent advances in the development of enhancing endogenous DCs immunocompetence via immunomodulators as well as DC-based vaccines. The rapidly developing field of applying nanotechnology to improve DC-based immunotherapy is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunze Tai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Man Chen
- Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang 065201, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Kaili, Guizhou 556000, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Organ Transplantation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junlong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bei Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yao Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Li F, Song B, Zhou WF, Chu LJ. Toll-Like Receptors 7/8: A Paradigm for the Manipulation of Immunologic Reactions for Immunotherapy. Viral Immunol 2023; 36:564-578. [PMID: 37751284 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2023.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system recognizes conserved features of viral and microbial pathogens through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are one type of PRR used by the innate immune system to mediate the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and promote innate and adaptive immune responses. TLR family members TLR7 and TLR8 (referred to as TLR7/8 from herein) are endosomal transmembrane receptors that recognize purine-rich single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) and bacterial DNA, eliciting an immunologic reaction to pathogens. TLR7/8 were discovered to mediate the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by activating immune cells. In addition, accumulating evidence has indicated that TLR7/8 may be closely related to numerous immune-mediated disorders, specifically several types of cancer, autoimmune disease, and viral disease. TLR7/8 agonists and antagonists, which are used as drugs or adjuvants, have been identified in preclinical studies and clinical trials as promising immune stimulators for the immunotherapy of these immune-mediated disorders. These results provided reasoning to further explore immunotherapy for the treatment of immune-mediated disorders. Nevertheless, numerous needs remain unmet, and the therapeutic effects of TLR7/8 agonists and antagonists are poor and exert strong immune-related toxicities. The present review aimed to provide an overview of the TLR family members, particularly TLR7/8, and address the underlying molecular mechanisms and clinical implications of TLR7/8 in immune-mediated disorders. The aim of the work is to discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms and clinical implications of TLR7/8 in immune-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, China
| | - Biao Song
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei-Feng Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, China
| | - Li-Jin Chu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, China
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Sosa Cuevas E, Saas P, Aspord C. Dendritic Cell Subsets in Melanoma: Pathophysiology, Clinical Prognosis and Therapeutic Exploitation. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082206. [PMID: 37190135 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Evasion from immunity is a hallmark of cancer development. Dendritic cells (DCs) are strategic immune cells shaping anti-tumor immune responses, but tumor cells exploit DC versatility to subvert their functions. Unveiling the puzzling role of DCs in the control of tumor development and mechanisms of tumor-induced DC hijacking is critical to optimize current therapies and to design future efficient immunotherapies for melanoma. Dendritic cells, crucially positioned at the center of anti-tumor immunity, represent attractive targets to develop new therapeutic approaches. Harnessing the potencies of each DC subset to trigger appropriate immune responses while avoiding their subversion is a challenging yet promising step to achieve tumor immune control. This review focuses on advances regarding the diversity of DC subsets, their pathophysiology and impact on clinical outcome in melanoma patients. We provide insights into the regulation mechanisms of DCs by the tumor, and overview DC-based therapeutic developments for melanoma. Further insights into DCs' diversity, features, networking, regulation and shaping by the tumor microenvironment will allow designing novel effective cancer therapies. The DCs deserve to be positioned in the current melanoma immunotherapeutic landscape. Recent discoveries strongly motivate exploitation of the exceptional potential of DCs to drive robust anti-tumor immunity, offering promising tracks for clinical successes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Sosa Cuevas
- EFS AuRA, R&D Laboratory, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team: Epigenetics, Immunity, Metabolism, Cell Signaling and Cancer, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Saas
- EFS AuRA, R&D Laboratory, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team: Epigenetics, Immunity, Metabolism, Cell Signaling and Cancer, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Caroline Aspord
- EFS AuRA, R&D Laboratory, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team: Epigenetics, Immunity, Metabolism, Cell Signaling and Cancer, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Imiquimod induces skin inflammation in humanized BRGSF mice with limited human immune cell activity. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281005. [PMID: 36800344 PMCID: PMC9937455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immune system (HIS) mouse models can be valuable when cross-reactivity of drug candidates to mouse systems is missing. However, no HIS mouse models of psoriasis have been established. In this study, it was investigated if imiquimod (IMQ) induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation was driven by human immune cells in human FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (hFlt3L) boosted (BRGSF-HIS mice). BRGSF-HIS mice were boosted with hFlt3L prior to two or three topical applications of IMQ. Despite clinical skin inflammation, increased epidermal thickness and influx of human immune cells, a human derived response was not pronounced in IMQ treated mice. However, the number of murine neutrophils and murine cytokines and chemokines were increased in the skin and systemically after IMQ application. In conclusion, IMQ did induce skin inflammation in hFlt3L boosted BRGSF-HIS mice, although, a limited human immune response suggest that the main driving cellular mechanisms were of murine origin.
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Duwa R, Pokhrel RH, Banstola A, Pandit M, Shrestha P, Jeong JH, Chang JH, Yook S. T-cell engaging poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles as a modular platform to induce a potent cytotoxic immunogenic response against PD-L1 overexpressing cancer. Biomaterials 2022; 291:121911. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Caimi AT, Ramirez C, Perez AP, Romero EL, Morilla MJ. In vitro anti-melanoma activity of imiquimod in ultradeformable nanovesicles. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2022; 48:657-666. [PMID: 36445155 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2153861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The wide spectrum of antitumoral mechanisms of imiquimod (IMQ), made it a good candidate for topical therapy of melanoma. However, physicochemical properties make IMQ formulation a difficult task. Solubility and skin penetration of IMQ are increased when loaded into ultradeformable nanovesicles. OBJECTIVE Survey the in vitro anti-melanoma activity of IMQ loaded into two types of ultradeformable nanovesicles: archaeosomes (UDA-IMQ) (containing sn-2,3 ether-linked phytanyl saturated archaeolipids extracted from Halorubrum tebenquichense) and liposomes lacking archaeolipids (UDL-IMQ). METHODS We prepared and structurally characterized UDA-IMQ and UDL-IMQ. Cytotoxicity was determined on human melanoma cells (SK-Mel-28) and keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) by MTT assay and LDH release. The cellular uptake was determined by flow cytometry. Apoptosis/necrosis induction was determined by fluorescence microscopy after double staining with YO-PRO-1® and propidium iodide. RESULTS Neither IMQ nor IMQ-nanovesicles reduced the viability of HaCaT cells; but UDL-IMQ (371 nm, -24 mV ζ potential, 31 µg IMQ/mg lipids) and UDA-IMQ (216 nm, -32 mV ζ potential, 61 µg IMQ/mg lipids) showed time and concentration-dependent cytotoxicity on SK-Mel-28 that resulted between 4 and 33 folds higher than free IMQ, respectively. While both UDA-IMQ and UDL-IMQ retained 60% of IMQ against dilution, UDA-IMQ uptaken by SK-Mel-28 cells was nine-fold higher than UDL-IMQ. UDL-IMQ induced early apoptosis, but UDA-IMQ induced both apoptosis and necrosis on SK-Mel-28 cells. CONCLUSIONS UDA-IMQ was innocuous to keratinocytes but was highly uptaken and induced apoptosis and necrosis on melanoma cells, being a candidate for future investigations as adjuvant topical anti-melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelen Tatiana Caimi
- Nanomedicine Research & Development Center, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Ramirez
- Nanomedicine Research & Development Center, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
| | - Ana Paula Perez
- Nanomedicine Research & Development Center, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
| | - Eder Lilia Romero
- Nanomedicine Research & Development Center, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
| | - Maria Jose Morilla
- Nanomedicine Research & Development Center, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
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Tambunlertchai S, Geary SM, Salem AK. Topically Applied Resiquimod versus Imiquimod as a Potential Adjuvant in Melanoma Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102076. [PMID: 36297510 PMCID: PMC9611754 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most lethal form of skin cancer and surgery remains the preferred and most effective treatment. Nevertheless, there are cases where surgery is not a viable method and alternative treatments are therefore adopted. One such treatment that has been tested is topical 5% imiquimod (IMQ) cream, which, although showing promise as a treatment for melanoma, has been found to have undesirable off-target effects. Resiquimod (RSQ) is an immunomodulatory molecule that can activate immune responses by binding to Toll-like receptors (TLR) 7 and 8 and may be more effective than IMQ in the context of melanoma treatment. RSQ can cross the stratum corneum (SC) easily without requiring pretreatment of the skin. In a gel formulation, RSQ has been studied as a monotherapy and adjuvant for melanoma treatment in pre-clinical studies and as an adjuvant in clinical settings. Although side effects of RSQ in gel formulation were also reported, they were never severe enough for the treatment to be suspended. In this review, we discuss the potential use of RSQ as an adjuvant for melanoma treatment.
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Microbial-Derived Toll-like Receptor Agonism in Cancer Treatment and Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122923. [PMID: 35740589 PMCID: PMC9221178 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Toll like receptors (TLRs) are a group of transmembrane receptors belonging to the class of pattern recognition receptors (PRR), which are involved in recognition of pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), inducing immune response. During the past decade, a number of preclinical and clinical breakthroughs in the field of TLR agonists has immerged in cancer research and some of these agents have performed exceptionally well in clinical trials. Based on evidence from scientific studies, we draw attention to several microbial based TLR agonists and discuss their relevance in various cancer and explore various microbial based TLR agonists for developing effective immunotherapeutic strategies against cancer. Abstract Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are typical transmembrane proteins, which are essential pattern recognition receptors in mediating the effects of innate immunity. TLRs recognize structurally conserved molecules derived from microbes and damage-associated molecular pattern molecules that play an important role in inflammation. Since the first discovery of the Toll receptor by the team of J. Hoffmann in 1996, in Drosophila melanogaster, numerous TLRs have been identified across a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate species. TLR stimulation leads to NF-κB activation and the subsequent production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, growth factors and anti-apoptotic proteins. The expression of TLRs has also been observed in many tumors, and their stimulation results in tumor progression or regression, depending on the TLR and tumor type. The anti-tumoral effects can result from the activation of anti-tumoral immune responses and/or the direct induction of tumor cell death. The pro-tumoral effects may be due to inducing tumor cell survival and proliferation or by acting on suppressive or inflammatory immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. The aim of this review is to draw attention to the effects of TLR stimulation in cancer, the activation of various TLRs by microbes in different types of tumors, and, finally, the role of TLRs in anti-cancer immunity and tumor rejection.
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Liang T, Chen J, Xu G, Zhang Z, Xue J, Zeng H, Jiang J, Chen T, Qin Z, Li H, Ye Z, Nie Y, Liu C, Zhan X. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition interaction with CD8+ T cell, dendritic cell and immune checkpoints in the development of melanoma. Cancer Biomark 2021; 34:131-147. [PMID: 34957999 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-210329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is fatal cancer originating from melanocytes, whose high metastatic potential leads to an extremely poor prognosis. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to reveal the relationship among EMT, TIICs, and immune checkpoints in melanoma. METHODS Gene expression data and clinical data of melanoma were downloaded from TCGA, UCSC Xena and GEO databases. EMT-related DEGs were detected for risk score calculation. "ESTIMATE" and "xCell" were used for estimating TIICs and obtaining 64 immune cell subtypes, respectively. Moreover, we evaluated the relationship between the risk score and immune cell subtypes and immune checkpoints. RESULTS Seven EMT-related genes were selected to establish a risk scoring system because of their integrated prognostic relevance. The results of GSEA revealed that most of the gene sets focused on immune-related pathways in the low-risk score group. The risk score was significantly correlated with the xCell score of some TIICs, which significantly affected the prognosis of melanoma. Patients with a low-risk score may be associated with a better response to ICI therapy. CONCLUSION The individualized risk score could effectively conduct risk stratification, overall survival prediction, ICI therapy prediction, and TME judgment for patients with melanoma, which would be conducive to patients' precise treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Liang
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiarui Chen
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guoyong Xu
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zide Zhang
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiang Xue
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Haopeng Zeng
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Tianyou Chen
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhaojie Qin
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhen Ye
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yunfeng Nie
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xinli Zhan
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Zhou B, Lawrence T, Liang Y. The Role of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Cancers. Front Immunol 2021; 12:749190. [PMID: 34737750 PMCID: PMC8560733 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.749190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a special subtype of dendritic cells with the morphology of plasma cells. pDCs produce massive amounts of type I interferon (IFN-I), which was originally found to play an extremely pivotal role in antiviral immunity. Interestingly, accumulated evidence indicates that pDCs can also play an important role in tumorigenesis. In the human body, most of the IFN-α is secreted by activated pDCs mediated by toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation. In many types of cancer, tumors are infiltrated by a large number of pDCs, however, these pDCs exhibit no response to TLR stimulation, and reduced or absent IFN-α production. In addition, tumor-infiltrating pDCs promote recruitment of regulatory T cells (Tregs) into the tumor microenvironment, leading to immunosuppression and promoting tumor growth. In this review, we discuss recent insights into the development of pDCs and their roles in a variety of malignancies, with special emphasis on the basic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhui Zhou
- Laboratory of Mouse Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China.,Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Toby Lawrence
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China.,Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yinming Liang
- Laboratory of Mouse Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China.,Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
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Battaglia L, Scomparin A, Dianzani C, Milla P, Muntoni E, Arpicco S, Cavalli R. Nanotechnology Addressing Cutaneous Melanoma: The Italian Landscape. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1617. [PMID: 34683910 PMCID: PMC8540596 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is one of the most aggressive solid tumors, with a low survival for the metastatic stage. Currently, clinical melanoma treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and radiotherapy. Of note, innovative therapeutic regimens concern the administration of multitarget drugs in tandem, in order to improve therapeutic efficacy. However, also, if this drug combination is clinically relevant, the patient's response is not yet optimal. In this scenario, nanotechnology-based delivery systems can play a crucial role in the clinical treatment of advanced melanoma. In fact, their nano-features enable targeted drug delivery at a cellular level by overcoming biological barriers. Various nanomedicines have been proposed for the treatment of cutaneous melanoma, and a relevant number of them are undergoing clinical trials. In Italy, researchers are focusing on the pharmaceutical development of nanoformulations for malignant melanoma therapy. The present review reports an overview of the main melanoma-addressed nanomedicines currently under study in Italy, alongside the state of the art of melanoma therapy. Moreover, the latest Italian advances concerning the pre-clinical evaluation of nanomedicines for melanoma are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Battaglia
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Anna Scomparin
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
- . Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Chiara Dianzani
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Paola Milla
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Elisabetta Muntoni
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Silvia Arpicco
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
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Laustsen A, van der Sluis RM, Gris-Oliver A, Hernández SS, Cemalovic E, Tang HQ, Pedersen LH, Uldbjerg N, Jakobsen MR, Bak RO. Ascorbic acid supports ex vivo generation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells from circulating hematopoietic stem cells. eLife 2021; 10:65528. [PMID: 34473049 PMCID: PMC8445615 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) constitute a rare type of immune cell with multifaceted functions, but their potential use as a cell-based immunotherapy is challenged by the scarce cell numbers that can be extracted from blood. Here, we systematically investigate culture parameters for generating pDCs from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Using optimized conditions combined with implementation of HSPC pre-expansion, we generate an average of 465 million HSPC-derived pDCs (HSPC-pDCs) starting from 100,000 cord blood-derived HSPCs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that such protocol allows HSPC-pDC generation from whole-blood HSPCs, and these cells display a pDC phenotype and function. Using GMP-compliant medium, we observe a remarkable loss of TLR7/9 responses, which is rescued by ascorbic acid supplementation. Ascorbic acid induces transcriptional signatures associated with pDC-specific innate immune pathways, suggesting an undescribed role of ascorbic acid for pDC functionality. This constitutes the first protocol for generating pDCs from whole blood and lays the foundation for investigating HSPC-pDCs for cell-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Laustsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Renée M van der Sluis
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Ena Cemalovic
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hai Q Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Henning Pedersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Uldbjerg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Rasmus O Bak
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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14
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Lopes-Nunes J, Agonia AS, Rosado T, Gallardo E, Palmeira-de-Oliveira R, Palmeira-de-Oliveira A, Martinez-de-Oliveira J, Fonseca-Moutinho J, Campello MPC, Paiva A, Paulo A, Vulgamott A, Ellignton AD, Oliveira PA, Cruz C. Aptamer-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery to Gynecological Carcinoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4038. [PMID: 34439193 PMCID: PMC8391588 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers and is one of the major cause of deaths in women, especially in underdeveloped countries. The patients are usually treated with surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, these treatments can cause several side effects and may lead to infertility. Another concerning gynecologic cancer is endometrial cancer, in which a high number of patients present a poor prognosis with low survival rates. AS1411, a DNA aptamer, increases anticancer therapeutic selectivity, and through its conjugation with gold nanoparticles (AS1411-AuNPs) it is possible to improve the anticancer effects. Therefore, AS1411-AuNPs are potential drug carriers for selectively delivering therapeutic drugs to cervical cancer. In this work, we used AS1411-AuNPs as a carrier for an acridine orange derivative (C8) or Imiquimod (IQ). The AS1411 aptamer was covalently bound to AuNPs, and each drug was associated via supramolecular assembly. The final nanoparticles presented suitable properties for pharmaceutical applications, such as small size, negative charge, and favorable drug release properties. Cellular uptake was characterized by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry, and effects on cellular viability were determined by MTT assay. The nanoparticles were then incorporated into a gel formulation of polyethylene glycol, suitable for topical application in the female genital tract. This gel showed promising tissue retention properties in Franz cells studies in the porcine vaginal epithelia. These findings suggest that the tested nanoparticles are promising drug carriers for cervical cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lopes-Nunes
- CICS-UBI Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.L.-N.); (T.R.); (E.G.); (R.P.-d.-O.); (A.P.-d.-O.); (J.M.-d.-O.); (J.F.-M.)
| | - Ana S. Agonia
- Labfit-HPRD Health Products Research and Development, Lda, Edifício UBIMEDICAL Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal;
| | - Tiago Rosado
- CICS-UBI Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.L.-N.); (T.R.); (E.G.); (R.P.-d.-O.); (A.P.-d.-O.); (J.M.-d.-O.); (J.F.-M.)
- C4-Cloud Computing Competence Centre, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, EM506, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Eugénia Gallardo
- CICS-UBI Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.L.-N.); (T.R.); (E.G.); (R.P.-d.-O.); (A.P.-d.-O.); (J.M.-d.-O.); (J.F.-M.)
| | - Rita Palmeira-de-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.L.-N.); (T.R.); (E.G.); (R.P.-d.-O.); (A.P.-d.-O.); (J.M.-d.-O.); (J.F.-M.)
- Labfit-HPRD Health Products Research and Development, Lda, Edifício UBIMEDICAL Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal;
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Palmeira-de-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.L.-N.); (T.R.); (E.G.); (R.P.-d.-O.); (A.P.-d.-O.); (J.M.-d.-O.); (J.F.-M.)
- Labfit-HPRD Health Products Research and Development, Lda, Edifício UBIMEDICAL Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal;
| | - José Martinez-de-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.L.-N.); (T.R.); (E.G.); (R.P.-d.-O.); (A.P.-d.-O.); (J.M.-d.-O.); (J.F.-M.)
| | - José Fonseca-Moutinho
- CICS-UBI Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.L.-N.); (T.R.); (E.G.); (R.P.-d.-O.); (A.P.-d.-O.); (J.M.-d.-O.); (J.F.-M.)
- Quinta do Alvito, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Cova da Beira, 6200-251 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Maria Paula Cabral Campello
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal; (M.P.C.C.); (A.P.)
- DECN-Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Artur Paiva
- Unidade de Gestão Operacional em Citometria, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CIMAGO/iCBR/CIBB, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal
- Ciências Biomédicas Laboratoriais, Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Paulo
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal; (M.P.C.C.); (A.P.)
- DECN-Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Alexa Vulgamott
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (A.V.); (A.D.E.)
| | - Andrew D. Ellignton
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (A.V.); (A.D.E.)
| | - Paula A. Oliveira
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás os Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Carla Cruz
- CICS-UBI Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.L.-N.); (T.R.); (E.G.); (R.P.-d.-O.); (A.P.-d.-O.); (J.M.-d.-O.); (J.F.-M.)
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15
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Combination Treatment of Topical Imiquimod Plus Anti-PD-1 Antibody Exerts Significantly Potent Antitumor Effect. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13163948. [PMID: 34439104 PMCID: PMC8391905 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The exact mechanisms of the imiquimod (IMQ)-induced antitumor effect have not been fully understood. Although both topical IMQ treatment and anti-PD-1 antibody may be used for primary skin lesions or skin metastases of various cancers, the efficacy of each monotherapy for these lesions is insufficient. Using a murine tumor model and human samples, we aimed to elucidate the detailed mechanisms of the IMQ-induced antitumor effect and analyzed the antitumor effect of combination therapy of topical IMQ plus anti-PD-1 antibody. Topical IMQ significantly suppressed the tumor growth of MC38 in wildtype mice. IMQ upregulated interferon γ (IFN-γ) expression in CD8+ T cells in both the lymph nodes and the tumor, and the antitumor effect was abolished in both Rag1-deficient mice and IFN-γ-deficient mice, indicating that IFN-γ produced by CD8+ T cells play a crucial role in the IMQ-induced antitumor effect. IMQ also upregulated PD-1 expression in T cells as well as PD-L1/PD-L2 expression in myeloid cells, suggesting that IMQ induces not only T-cell activation but also T-cell exhaustion by enhanced PD-1 inhibitory signaling. Combination therapy of topical IMQ plus anti-PD-1 antibody exerted a significantly potent antitumor effect when compared with each single therapy, indicating that the combination therapy is a promising therapy for the skin lesions of various cancers.
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16
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Gene-engineered exosomes-thermosensitive liposomes hybrid nanovesicles by the blockade of CD47 signal for combined photothermal therapy and cancer immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120964. [PMID: 34147721 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CD47, overexpressed on kinds of tumor cells, activates a "don't eat me" signal through binding to signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα), leading to immune escape from the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). It is also a huge challenge to deliver therapeutic drugs to the tumor sites due to the short retention time in blood, poor targeting of tumor cells and accelerated clearance by MPS. Herein, we designed a hybrid therapeutic nanovesicles, named as hGLV, by fusing gene-engineered exosomes with drug-loaded thermosensitive liposomes. We demonstrated that the CD47-overexpressed hGLV exhibited the long blood circulation and improved the macrophages-mediated the phagocytosis of tumor cells by blocking CD47 signal. Moreover, the resulted hGLV could remarkably target the homologous tumor in mice, achieving the preferential accumulation at the tumor sites. Importantly, hGLV loading the photothermal agent could achieve the excellent photothermal therapy (PTT) under laser irradiation after the intravenous injection, completely eliminating the tumors, leading to immunogenic cell death and generating substantial tumor-associated antigens, which could promote the maturation of immature dendritic cells with the help of the co-encapsulated immune adjuvant to trigger strong immune responses. Generally, the hybrid nanovesicles based on CD47 immune check point blockade can be a promising platform for the drug delivery in cancer treatment.
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17
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Tambunlertchai S, Geary SM, Salem AK. Skin Penetration Enhancement Strategies Used in the Development of Melanoma Topical Treatments. AAPS JOURNAL 2021; 23:19. [PMID: 33404992 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-020-00544-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer for which there is currently no reliable therapy and is considered one of the leading health issues in the USA. At present, surgery is the most effective and acceptable treatment; however, surgical excision can be impractical in certain circumstances. Topical skin delivery of drugs using topical formulations is a potential alternative approach which can have many advantages aside from being a non-invasive delivery route. Nevertheless, the presence of the stratum corneum (SC) limits the penetration of drugs through the skin, lowering their treatment efficacy and raising concerns among physicians and patients as to their effectiveness. Currently, research groups are trying to circumvent the SC barrier by using skin penetration enhancement (SPE) strategies. The SPE strategies investigated include chemical skin penetration enhancers (CPEs), physical skin penetration enhancers (PPEs), nanocarrier systems, and a combination of SPE strategies (cream). Of these, PPEs and cream are the most advanced approaches in terms of preclinical and clinical studies, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supreeda Tambunlertchai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
| | - Sean M Geary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
| | - Aliasger K Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA.
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18
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Sosa Cuevas E, Ouaguia L, Mouret S, Charles J, De Fraipont F, Manches O, Valladeau-Guilemond J, Bendriss-Vermare N, Chaperot L, Aspord C. BDCA1 + cDC2s, BDCA2 + pDCs and BDCA3 + cDC1s reveal distinct pathophysiologic features and impact on clinical outcomes in melanoma patients. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e1190. [PMID: 33282290 PMCID: PMC7684973 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Dendritic cells play a pivotal but still enigmatic role in the control of tumor development. Composed of specialised subsets (cDC1s, cDC2s, pDCs), DCs are critical in triggering and shaping antitumor immune responses. Yet, tumors exploit plasticity of DCs to subvert their functions and escape from immune control. This challenging controversy prompted us to explore the pathophysiological role of cDCs and pDCs in melanoma, where their precise and coordinated involvement remains to be deciphered. Methods We investigated in melanoma patients the phenotypic and functional features of circulating and tumor‐infiltrating BDCA1+ cDC2s, BDCA2+ pDCs and BDCA3+ cDC1s and assessed their clinical impact. Results Principal component analyses (PCA) based on phenotypic or functional parameters of DC subsets revealed intra‐group clustering, highlighting specific features of DCs in blood and tumor infiltrate of patients compared to healthy donors. DC subsets exhibited perturbed frequencies in the circulation and actively infiltrated the tumor site, while harbouring a higher activation status. Whereas cDC2s and pDCs displayed an altered functionality in response to TLR triggering, circulating and tumor‐infiltrating cDC1s preserved potent competences associated with improved prognosis. Notably, the proportion of circulating cDC1s predicted the clinical outcome of melanoma patients. Conclusion Such understanding uncovers critical and distinct impact of each DC subset on clinical outcomes and unveils fine‐tuning of interconnections between DCs in melanoma. Elucidating the mechanisms of DC subversion by tumors could help designing new therapeutic strategies exploiting the potentialities of these powerful immune players and their cross‐talks, while counteracting their skewing by tumors, to achieve immune control and clinical success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Sosa Cuevas
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases Inserm U 1209 CNRS UMR 5309 Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble 38000 France.,R&D Laboratory Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Grenoble 38000 France
| | - Laurissa Ouaguia
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases Inserm U 1209 CNRS UMR 5309 Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble 38000 France.,R&D Laboratory Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Grenoble 38000 France
| | - Stephane Mouret
- Dermatology clinic Grenoble University Hospital Grenoble F-38043 France
| | - Julie Charles
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases Inserm U 1209 CNRS UMR 5309 Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble 38000 France.,Dermatology clinic Grenoble University Hospital Grenoble F-38043 France
| | - Florence De Fraipont
- Medical Unit of Molecular genetic (hereditary diseases and oncology) Grenoble University Hospital Grenoble F-38043 France
| | - Olivier Manches
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases Inserm U 1209 CNRS UMR 5309 Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble 38000 France.,R&D Laboratory Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Grenoble 38000 France
| | - Jenny Valladeau-Guilemond
- INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286 Centre Léon Bérard Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Univ Lyon Lyon 69373 France
| | - Nathalie Bendriss-Vermare
- INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286 Centre Léon Bérard Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Univ Lyon Lyon 69373 France
| | - Laurence Chaperot
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases Inserm U 1209 CNRS UMR 5309 Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble 38000 France.,R&D Laboratory Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Grenoble 38000 France
| | - Caroline Aspord
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases Inserm U 1209 CNRS UMR 5309 Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble 38000 France.,R&D Laboratory Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Grenoble 38000 France
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19
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Tampucci S, Guazzelli L, Burgalassi S, Carpi S, Chetoni P, Mezzetta A, Nieri P, Polini B, Pomelli CS, Terreni E, Monti D. pH-Responsive Nanostructures Based on Surface Active Fatty Acid-Protic Ionic Liquids for Imiquimod Delivery in Skin Cancer Topical Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111078. [PMID: 33187215 PMCID: PMC7697672 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For topical treatment of skin cancer, the design of pH-responsive nanocarriers able to selectively release the drug in the tumor acidic microenvironment represents a reliable option for targeted delivery. In this context, a series of newly synthesized surface-active fatty acid-protic ionic liquids (FA-PILs), based on tetramethylguanidinium cation and different natural hydrophobic fatty acid carboxylates, have been investigated with the aim of developing a pH-sensitive nanostructured drug delivery system for cutaneous administration in the skin cancer therapy. The capability of FA-PILs to arrange in micelles when combined with each other and with the non-ionic surfactant d-α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (vitamin E TPGS) as well as their ability to solubilize imiquimod, an immuno-stimulant drug used for the treatment of skin cancerous lesions, have been demonstrated. The FA-PILs-TPGS mixed micelles showed pH-sensitivity, suggesting that the acidic environment of cancer cells can trigger nanostructures’ swelling and collapse with consequent rapid release of imiquimod and drug cytotoxic potential enhancement. The in vitro permeation/penetration study showed that the micellar formulation produced effective imiquimod concentrations into the skin exposed to acid environment, representing a potential efficacious and selective drug delivery system able to trigger the drug release in the tumor tissues, at lower and less irritating drug concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Tampucci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (S.B.); (S.C.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (P.N.); (B.P.); (C.S.P.); (E.T.); (D.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.T.); (L.G.)
| | - Lorenzo Guazzelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (S.B.); (S.C.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (P.N.); (B.P.); (C.S.P.); (E.T.); (D.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.T.); (L.G.)
| | - Susi Burgalassi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (S.B.); (S.C.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (P.N.); (B.P.); (C.S.P.); (E.T.); (D.M.)
| | - Sara Carpi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (S.B.); (S.C.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (P.N.); (B.P.); (C.S.P.); (E.T.); (D.M.)
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Chetoni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (S.B.); (S.C.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (P.N.); (B.P.); (C.S.P.); (E.T.); (D.M.)
| | - Andrea Mezzetta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (S.B.); (S.C.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (P.N.); (B.P.); (C.S.P.); (E.T.); (D.M.)
| | - Paola Nieri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (S.B.); (S.C.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (P.N.); (B.P.); (C.S.P.); (E.T.); (D.M.)
| | - Beatrice Polini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (S.B.); (S.C.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (P.N.); (B.P.); (C.S.P.); (E.T.); (D.M.)
| | - Christian Silvio Pomelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (S.B.); (S.C.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (P.N.); (B.P.); (C.S.P.); (E.T.); (D.M.)
| | - Eleonora Terreni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (S.B.); (S.C.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (P.N.); (B.P.); (C.S.P.); (E.T.); (D.M.)
| | - Daniela Monti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (S.B.); (S.C.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (P.N.); (B.P.); (C.S.P.); (E.T.); (D.M.)
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20
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Narayanankutty A, Sasidharan A, Job JT. Targeting Toll like Receptors in Cancer: Role of TLR Natural and Synthetic Modulators. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:5040-5053. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200720235058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Toll like receptors (TLRs) are a group of transmembrane receptors belonging to the
broad class pattern recognition receptors (PRR), involved in recognition of Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns
(PAMPs) thereby inducing an immune response. Apart from these exogenous PAMPs, numerous endogenous
PAMPs are also ligands for various TLRs thereby activating the TLR dependent immune response, subsequently
leading to the onset of an inflammatory response. Prolonged activation of TLR by these endogenous
PAMPs leads to chronic inflammatory insults to the body and which in turn alters the proliferative patterns of the
cells, which ultimately leads to the development of cancer.
Objectives:
The present review aims to provide a detailed outline of the differential roles of various TLRs in
cancer and the possible use of them as a therapeutic target.
Methods:
Data were collected from PubMed/Sciencedirect/Web of Science database and sorted; the latest literature
on TLRs was incorporated in the review.
Results:
Among the different TLRs, few are reported to be anti-neoplastic, which controls the cell growth and
multiplication in response to the endogenous signals. On the contrary, numerous studies have reported the procarcinogenic
potentials of TLRs. Hence, TLRs have emerged as a potential target for the prevention and treatment
of various types of cancers. Several molecules, such as monoclonal antibodies, small molecule inhibitors and
natural products have shown promising anticancer potential by effectively modulating the TLR signalling.
Conclusion:
Toll-like receptors play vital roles in the process of carcinogenesis, hence TLR targeting is a promising
approach for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunaksharan Narayanankutty
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, PG and Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Devagiri, Calicut, Kerala-673 008, India
| | | | - Joice T. Job
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, PG and Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Devagiri, Calicut, Kerala-673 008, India
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21
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Maser IP, Hoves S, Bayer C, Heidkamp G, Nimmerjahn F, Eckmann J, Ries CH. The Tumor Milieu Promotes Functional Human Tumor-Resident Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Humanized Mouse Models. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2082. [PMID: 33013879 PMCID: PMC7507800 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Particular interest to harness the innate immune system for cancer immunotherapy is fueled by limitations of immune checkpoint blockade. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are detected in a variety of solid tumors and correlate with poor clinical outcome. Release of type I interferons in response to toll-like-receptor (TLR)7 and TLR9 activation is the pDC hallmark. Mouse and human pDC differ substantially in their biology concerning surface marker expression and cytokine production. Here, we employed humanized mouse models (HIS) to study pDC function. We performed a comprehensive characterization of transgenic, myeloid-enhanced mouse strains (NOG-EXL and NSG-SGM3) expressing human interleukin-3 (hIL-3) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) using identical humanization protocols. Only in HIS-NOG-EXL mice sufficient pDC infiltration was detectable. Therefore, we selected this strain for subsequent tumor studies. We analyzed pDC frequency in peripheral blood and tumors by comparing HIS-NOG-EXL with HIS-NOG mice bearing three different ovarian and breast tumors. Despite the substantially increased pDC numbers in peripheral blood of HIS-NOG-EXL mice, we detected TLR7/8 agonist responsive and thus functional pDCs only in certain tumor models independent of the mouse strain employed. However, HIS-NOG-EXL mice showed in general a superior humanization phenotype characterized by reconstitution of different myeloid subsets, NK cells and B cells producing physiologic IgG levels. Hence, we provide first evidence that the tumor milieu but not genetically introduced cytokines defines intratumoral (i.t.) frequencies of the rare pDC subset. This study provides model systems to investigate in vivo pro- and anti-tumoral human pDC functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona-Petra Maser
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Discovery Oncology, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Hoves
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Discovery Oncology, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Christa Bayer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Discovery Oncology, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Gordon Heidkamp
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Discovery Oncology, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- FAU Erlangen, Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Eckmann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Discovery Oncology, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Carola H Ries
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Discovery Oncology, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany.,Dr. Carola Ries Consulting, Penzberg, Germany
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22
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Smith AAA, Gale EC, Roth GA, Maikawa CL, Correa S, Yu AC, Appel EA. Nanoparticles Presenting Potent TLR7/8 Agonists Enhance Anti-PD-L1 Immunotherapy in Cancer Treatment. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3704-3712. [PMID: 32816460 PMCID: PMC7497526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy can be augmented with toll-like receptor agonist (TLRa) adjuvants, which interact with immune cells to elicit potent immune activation. Despite their potential, use of many TLRa compounds has been limited clinically due to their extreme potency and lack of pharmacokinetic control, causing systemic toxicity from unregulated systemic cytokine release. Herein, we overcome these shortcomings by generating poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic acid) (PEG-PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) presenting potent TLR7/8a moieties on their surface. The NP platform allows precise control of TLR7/8a valency and resulting surface presentation through self-assembly using nanoprecipitation. We hypothesize that the pharmacokinetic profile of the NPs minimizes systemic toxicity, localizing TLR7/8a presentation to the tumor bed and tumor-draining lymph nodes. In conjunction with antiprogrammed death-ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1) checkpoint blockade, peritumoral injection of TLR7/8a NPs slows tumor growth, extends survival, and decreases systemic toxicity in comparison to the free TLR7/8a in a murine colon adenocarcinoma model. These NPs constitute a modular platform for controlling pharmacokinetics of immunostimulatory molecules, resulting in increased potency and decreased toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton A A Smith
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Emily C Gale
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Gillie A Roth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Caitlin L Maikawa
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Santiago Correa
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Anthony C Yu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Eric A Appel
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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23
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Monti M, Vescovi R, Consoli F, Farina D, Moratto D, Berruti A, Specchia C, Vermi W. Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Impairment in Metastatic Melanoma by Lactic Acidosis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082085. [PMID: 32731406 PMCID: PMC7463681 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of targeted therapies and immunotherapies has significantly improved the outcome of metastatic melanoma (MM) patients. These approaches rely on immune functions for their anti-melanoma response. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) exhibit anti-tumor function by production of effector molecules, type I interferons (I-IFNs), and cytokines. Tissue and blood pDCs result compromised in MM, although these findings are still partially conflicting. This study reports that blood pDCs were dramatically depleted in MM, particularly in patients with high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and high tumor burden; the reduced pDC frequency was associated with poor overall survival. Circulating pDCs resulted also in significant impairment in interferon alpha (IFN-α) and C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) production in response to toll-like receptor (TLR)-7/8 agonists; on the contrary, the response to TLR-9 agonist remained intact. In the BRAFV600+ subgroup, no recovery of pDC frequency could be obtained by BRAF and MEK inhibitors (BRAFi; MEKi), whereas their function was partially rescued. Mechanistically, in vitro exposure to lactic acidosis impaired both pDC viability and function. In conclusion, pDCs from MM patients were found to be severely impaired, with a potential role for lactic acidosis. Short-term responses to treatments were not associated with pDC recovery, suggesting long-lasting effects on their compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Monti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (R.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Raffaella Vescovi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (R.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Francesca Consoli
- Oncology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (F.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Davide Farina
- Radiology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Daniele Moratto
- Laboratory of Genetic Disorders of Childhood, Angelo Nocivelli Institute for Molecular Medicine, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Alfredo Berruti
- Oncology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (F.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Claudia Specchia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (R.V.); (C.S.)
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (R.V.); (C.S.)
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63101, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-030-399-8425
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24
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Gazzi RP, Frank LA, Onzi G, Pohlmann AR, Guterres SS. New pectin-based hydrogel containing imiquimod-loaded polymeric nanocapsules for melanoma treatment. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 10:1829-1840. [PMID: 32562254 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00805-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We developed a pectin-based hydrogel containing nanocapsules as a new strategy for melanoma treatment. Our first objective was to evaluate the nanoencapsulation effect of imiquimod on melanoma. Imiquimod-loaded polymeric nanocapsules (NCimiq) showed significant time-dependent decrease in cell viability after treatment at 3 μmol L-1 (79% viable cells in 24 h and 55% in 72 h), which was not observed in cells treated with the solution of the drug (IMIQ) (99% viable cells in 24 h and 91% in 72 h). The second objective was to develop the hydrogel containing the drug-loaded nanocapsules (PEC-NCimiq). In vitro release study showed that 63% of imiquimod was released from the pectin-based hydrogel containing the drug (PEC-imiq) after 2 h, while 60% of the drug was released from PEC-NCimiq after 8 h. In the permeation study, 2.5 μg of imiquimod permeated the skin within 8 h after the initial contact of PEC-NCimiq, whereas only 2.1 μg of drug permeated after 12 h of contact when PEC-imiq was assayed. Pectin-based hydrogels enabled the drug penetration in all skin layers, especially the dermis (PEC-NCimiq = 6.8 μg and PEC-imiq = 4.3 μg). In the adhesion study, PEC-NCimiq showed the highest adhesiveness (42% removed from the skin) in comparison to PEC-imiq (71% removed from the skin). In conclusion, the nanoencapsulation provided a higher cytotoxic effect of imiquimod in SK-MEL-28, and the incorporation of the drug-loaded nanocapsules in pectin-based hydrogel showed higher adhesiveness and deeper penetration of the drug into the skin. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Gazzi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - L A Frank
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - G Onzi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - A R Pohlmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de QuímicaOrgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvia S Guterres
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. .,Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752/405 CEP, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil.
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25
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Liu WN, Fong SY, Tan WWS, Tan SY, Liu M, Cheng JY, Lim S, Suteja L, Huang EK, Chan JKY, Iyer NG, Yeong JPS, Lim DWT, Chen Q. Establishment and Characterization of Humanized Mouse NPC-PDX Model for Testing Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12041025. [PMID: 32331230 PMCID: PMC7225949 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12041025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) monotherapy shows early promise for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in patients. Nevertheless, limited representative NPC models hamper preclinical studies to evaluate the efficacy of novel ICB and combination regimens. In the present study, we engrafted NPC biopsies in non-obese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficiency interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain-null (NSG) mice and established humanized mouse NPC-patient-derived xenograft (NPC-PDX) model successfully. Epstein–Barr virus was detected in the NPC in both NSG and humanized mice as revealed by Epstein–Barr virus-encoded small RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. In the NPC-bearing humanized mice, the percentage of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ cytotoxic T cells was lowered, and the T cells expressed higher levels of various inhibitory receptors, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) than those in blood. The mice were then treated with nivolumab and ipilimumab, and the anti-tumor efficacy of combination immunotherapy was examined. In line with paired clinical data, the NPC-PDX did not respond to the treatment in terms of tumor burden, whilst an immunomodulatory response was elicited in the humanized mice. From our results, human proinflammatory cytokines, such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly upregulated in plasma. After treatment, there was a decrease in CD4/CD8 ratio in the NPC-PDX, which also simulated the modulation of intratumoral CD4/CD8 profile from the corresponding donor. In addition, tumor-infiltrating T cells were re-activated and secreted more IFN-γ towards ex vivo stimulation, suggesting that other factors, including soluble mediators and metabolic milieu in tumor microenvironment may counteract the effect of ICB treatment and contribute to the tumor progression in the mice. Taken together, we have established and characterized a novel humanized mouse NPC-PDX model, which plausibly serves as a robust platform to test for the efficacy of immunotherapy and may predict clinical outcomes in NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Nam Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore; (W.N.L.); (S.Y.F.); (W.W.S.T.); (S.Y.T.); (M.L.); (J.Y.C.); (S.L.); (J.P.S.Y.)
| | - Shin Yie Fong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore; (W.N.L.); (S.Y.F.); (W.W.S.T.); (S.Y.T.); (M.L.); (J.Y.C.); (S.L.); (J.P.S.Y.)
| | - Wilson Wei Sheng Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore; (W.N.L.); (S.Y.F.); (W.W.S.T.); (S.Y.T.); (M.L.); (J.Y.C.); (S.L.); (J.P.S.Y.)
| | - Sue Yee Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore; (W.N.L.); (S.Y.F.); (W.W.S.T.); (S.Y.T.); (M.L.); (J.Y.C.); (S.L.); (J.P.S.Y.)
| | - Min Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore; (W.N.L.); (S.Y.F.); (W.W.S.T.); (S.Y.T.); (M.L.); (J.Y.C.); (S.L.); (J.P.S.Y.)
| | - Jia Ying Cheng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore; (W.N.L.); (S.Y.F.); (W.W.S.T.); (S.Y.T.); (M.L.); (J.Y.C.); (S.L.); (J.P.S.Y.)
| | - Sherlly Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore; (W.N.L.); (S.Y.F.); (W.W.S.T.); (S.Y.T.); (M.L.); (J.Y.C.); (S.L.); (J.P.S.Y.)
| | - Lisda Suteja
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore; (L.S.); (N.G.I.)
| | - Edwin Kunxiang Huang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore; (E.K.H.); (J.K.Y.C.)
| | - Jerry Kok Yen Chan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore; (E.K.H.); (J.K.Y.C.)
- Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | | | - Joe Poh Sheng Yeong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore; (W.N.L.); (S.Y.F.); (W.W.S.T.); (S.Y.T.); (M.L.); (J.Y.C.); (S.L.); (J.P.S.Y.)
| | - Darren Wan-Teck Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore; (W.N.L.); (S.Y.F.); (W.W.S.T.); (S.Y.T.); (M.L.); (J.Y.C.); (S.L.); (J.P.S.Y.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore; (L.S.); (N.G.I.)
- Correspondence: (D.W.-T.L.); (Q.C.); Tel.: +65-6586-9873 (Q.C.)
| | - Qingfeng Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore; (W.N.L.); (S.Y.F.); (W.W.S.T.); (S.Y.T.); (M.L.); (J.Y.C.); (S.L.); (J.P.S.Y.)
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- Correspondence: (D.W.-T.L.); (Q.C.); Tel.: +65-6586-9873 (Q.C.)
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26
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Monti M, Consoli F, Vescovi R, Bugatti M, Vermi W. Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and Cutaneous Melanoma. Cells 2020; 9:E417. [PMID: 32054102 PMCID: PMC7072514 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of metastatic melanoma (MM) patients has remained poor for a long time. However, the recent introduction of effective target therapies (BRAF and MEK inhibitors for BRAFV600-mutated MM) and immunotherapies (anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1) has significantly improved the survival of MM patients. Notably, all these responses are highly dependent on the fitness of the host immune system, including the innate compartment. Among immune cells involved in cancer immunity, properly activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) exert an important role, bridging the innate and adaptive immune responses and directly eliminating cancer cells. A distinctive feature of pDCs is the production of high amount of type I Interferon (I-IFN), through the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and 9 signaling pathway activation. However, published data indicate that melanoma-associated escape mechanisms are in place to hijack pDC functions. We have recently reported that pDC recruitment is recurrent in the early phases of melanoma, but the entire pDC compartment collapses over melanoma progression. Here, we summarize recent advances on pDC biology and function within the context of melanoma immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Monti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
| | - Francesca Consoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Medical Oncology, University of Brescia at ASST-Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Raffaella Vescovi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
| | - Mattia Bugatti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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27
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Shen N, Wu J, Yang C, Yu H, Yang S, Li T, Chen J, Tang Z, Chen X. Combretastatin A4 Nanoparticles Combined with Hypoxia-Sensitive Imiquimod: A New Paradigm for the Modulation of Host Immunological Responses during Cancer Treatment. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:8021-8031. [PMID: 31558024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vascular disrupting agents (VDAs) have great potential in cancer treatment. However, in addition to their direct tumoral vascular collapse effect, VDAs activate host immunological responses, which can remarkably impair their anticancer efficacy. Here, a VDA nanomedicine, poly(l-glutamic acid)-graft-methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)/combretastatin A4 (CA4-NPs), is found to induce the intratumor infiltration of immature plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), thereby curtailing anticancer immunity. To overcome this problem, hypoxia-sensitive imiquimod (hs-IMQ) is developed, which is selectively activated into imiquimod (IMQ) in treated tumors following the catalysis of CA4-NPs-induced nitroreductase (NTR). The combination of hs-IMQ and CA4-NPs causes a 6.3-fold enhancement of active IMQ concentration in tumors, as compared to hs-IMQ treatment alone. The in situ-generated IMQ alters the tumor microenvironment from a state of immunosuppression to immune activation. Hs-IMQ achieves this effect through the conversion of immature pDCs into their active form, leading to the robust infiltration and priming of natural killer cells and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in treated tumors. Thus, the CA4-NPs and hs-IMQ combination treatment synergistically inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. This work offers new approaches to harness intratumor pDCs to reverse the immune suppression resulting from VDA treatment. These findings additionally provide a mechanistic rationale for the use of VDAs in combination with TLR agonists to trigger in situ immune activation and enhance anticancer efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Shen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , PR China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory , Changchun 130022 , PR China
| | - Jing Wu
- Institute of Translational Medicine , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun 130022 , PR China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory , Changchun 130022 , PR China
| | - Chenguang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , PR China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory , Changchun 130022 , PR China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , PR China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory , Changchun 130022 , PR China
| | - Shengcai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , PR China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory , Changchun 130022 , PR China
| | - Tete Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun 130022 , PR China
| | - Jingtao Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun 130022 , PR China
| | - Zhaohui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , PR China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory , Changchun 130022 , PR China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , PR China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory , Changchun 130022 , PR China
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28
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Sharma A, Sharma D, Baldi A, Jyoti K, Chandra R, Madan J. Imiquimod-oleic acid prodrug-loaded cream reduced drug crystallinity and induced indistinguishable cytotoxicity and apoptosis in mice melanoma tumour. J Microencapsul 2019; 36:759-774. [DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2019.1677796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | | | - Ashish Baldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Kiran Jyoti
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Dr. B.R Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Jitender Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Mohali, Punjab, India
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29
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Imiquimod enhances DNFB mediated contact hypersensitivity in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 72:284-291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Patra MC, Shah M, Choi S. Toll-like receptor-induced cytokines as immunotherapeutic targets in cancers and autoimmune diseases. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 64:61-82. [PMID: 31054927 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells of the myeloid and lymphoid lineages express Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to recognize pathogenic components or cellular debris and activate the immune system through the secretion of cytokines. Cytokines are signaling molecules that are structurally and functionally distinct from one another, although their secretion profiles and signaling cascades often overlap. This situation gives rise to pleiotropic cell-to-cell communication pathways essential for protection from infections as well as cancers. Nonetheless, deregulated signaling can have detrimental effects on the host, in the form of inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. Because cytokines are associated with numerous autoimmune and cancerous conditions, therapeutic strategies to modulate these molecules or their biological responses have been immensely beneficial over the years. There are still challenges in the regulation of cytokine function in patients, even in those who take approved biological therapeutics. In this review, our purpose is to discuss the differential expression patterns of TLR-regulated cytokines and their cell type specificity that is associated with cancers and immune-system-related diseases. In addition, we highlight key structural features and molecular recognition of cytokines by receptors; these data have facilitated the development and approval of several biologics for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Chandra Patra
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Masaud Shah
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Russo I, Sernicola A, Alaibac M. Recent advances in localized immunotherapy of skin cancers. Immunotherapy 2019; 11:443-456. [PMID: 30786845 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2018-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is the most frequent malignancy in humans. The immune system has long been known to have an important role in defeating cancer. Immunotherapy, which includes various strategies to enhance tumor immunity, currently represents an exciting option for the treatment of skin cancers. Local immunotherapy is a promising therapeutic approach and may improve response rates without inducing systemic toxicity. Here, we review the main localized immunotherapies for the management of skin cancer with a special focus on advanced melanoma, nonmelanoma skin cancer and primary cutaneous lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Russo
- Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Via Gallucci 4, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Alvise Sernicola
- Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Via Gallucci 4, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Mauro Alaibac
- Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Via Gallucci 4, Padova 35128, Italy
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32
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The immune cell infiltrate in the microenvironment of vulvar Paget disease. Gynecol Oncol 2018; 151:453-459. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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33
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Dajon M, Iribarren K, Petitprez F, Marmier S, Lupo A, Gillard M, Ouakrim H, Victor N, Vincenzo DB, Joubert PE, Kepp O, Kroemer G, Alifano M, Damotte D, Cremer I. Toll like receptor 7 expressed by malignant cells promotes tumor progression and metastasis through the recruitment of myeloid derived suppressor cells. Oncoimmunology 2018; 8:e1505174. [PMID: 30546943 PMCID: PMC6287801 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1505174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), stimulation of toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), a receptor for single stranded RNA, is linked to tumor progression and resistance to anticancer chemotherapy. However, the mechanism of this effect has been elusive. Here, using a murine model of lung adenocarcinoma, we demonstrate a key role for TLR7 expressed by malignant (rather than by stromal and immune) cells, in the recruitment of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), induced after TLR7 stimulation, resulting in accelerated tumor growth and metastasis. In adenocarcinoma patients, high TLR7 expression on malignant cells was associated with poor clinical outcome, as well as with a gene expression signature linked to aggressiveness and metastastic dissemination with high abundance of mRNA encoding intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), cytokeratins 7 and 19 (KRT-7 and 19), syndecan 4 (SDC4), and p53. In addition, lung tumors expressing high levels of TLR7 have a phenotype of epithelial mesenchymal transition with high expression of vimentin and low abundance of E-cadherin. These data reveal a crucial role for cancer cell-intrinsic TLR7 expression in lung adenocarcinoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Dajon
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Kristina Iribarren
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Florent Petitprez
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Solenne Marmier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Lupo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Departments of Pathology and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Cochin AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Gillard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Hanane Ouakrim
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Navas Victor
- Unité de de Biologie Cellulaire des Lymphocytes INSERM U1221, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Di Bartolo Vincenzo
- Unité de de Biologie Cellulaire des Lymphocytes INSERM U1221, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Emmanuel Joubert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Cell Biology and Metabolomics Platforms, Villejuif, France.,Equipe 11 labellisee Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Cell Biology and Metabolomics Platforms, Villejuif, France.,Equipe 11 labellisee Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marco Alifano
- Departments of Pathology and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Cochin AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Diane Damotte
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Departments of Pathology and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Cochin AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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34
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Ren S, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Song Y, Dong X, Zhang W, Qin X, Liu M, Yu T. Imiquimod enhances the potency of an exogenous BM-DC based vaccine against mouse melanoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 64:69-77. [PMID: 30149266 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) vaccine is a potent immunotherapeutic approach for cancer treatment, but the clinical efficacy needs to be improved. In this study, we evaluated the combinational effect of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist Imiquimod and BM-DC vaccine against mouse melanoma and explored the potential mechanisms. We found that topical application of Imiquimod cream caused skin inflammation and enhanced exogenous BM-DC homing to draining lymph nodes. Imiquimod treatment enhanced DC vaccine efficacy against B16-OVA melanoma. The combinational modality enhanced cytotoxicity of splenic lymphocyte to tumor cells and inhibited CD4+FOXP3+Treg cell production. TLR7 mRNA expression was confirmed in both MC/9 mast cells and DCs. MC/9 cells treated by R837 (soluble form of Imiquimod) enhanced CD80, CD86, MHC-II and CCR7 expression on DCs. R837 inhibited B16-OVA cell growth in vitro. Our findings suggest that Imiquimod can be used as a potent adjuvant in the formulation of a DC-based tumor fighting vaccine. The mechanisms underlying these effects of Imiquimod are related with enhanced DC homing to DLNs, inhibition of Treg's production, direct tumor cell toxicity and synergistic function with mast cell in enhancing DC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurong Ren
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Qiubo Wang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yancheng Song
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wendi Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xianfei Qin
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mingyue Liu
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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35
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Mishra H, Mishra PK, Ekielski A, Jaggi M, Iqbal Z, Talegaonkar S. Melanoma treatment: from conventional to nanotechnology. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:2283-2302. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2726-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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Sánchez-Paulete AR, Teijeira A, Cueto FJ, Garasa S, Pérez-Gracia JL, Sánchez-Arráez A, Sancho D, Melero I. Antigen cross-presentation and T-cell cross-priming in cancer immunology and immunotherapy. Ann Oncol 2018; 28:xii44-xii55. [PMID: 28945841 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the main professional antigen-presenting cells for induction of T-cell adaptive responses. Cancer cells express tumor antigens, including neoantigens generated by nonsynonymous mutations, but are poor for antigen presentation and for providing costimulatory signals for T-cell priming. Mounting evidence suggests that antigen transfer to DCs and their surrogate presentation on major histocompatibility complex class I and II molecules together with costimulatory signals is paramount for induction of viral and cancer immunity. Of the great diversity of DCs, BATF3/IRF8-dependent conventional DCs type 1 (cDC1) excel at cross-presentation of tumor cell-associated antigens. Location of cDC1s in the tumor correlates with improved infiltration by CD8+ T cells and tumor-specific T-cell immunity. Indeed, cDC1s are crucial for antitumor efficacy using checkpoint inhibitors and anti-CD137 agonist monoclonal antibodies in mouse models. Enhancement and exploitation of T-cell cross-priming by cDC1s offer opportunities for improved cancer immunotherapy, including in vivo targeting of tumor antigens to internalizing receptors on cDC1s and strategies to increase their numbers, activation and priming capacity within tumors and tumor-draining lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Sánchez-Paulete
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona
| | - A Teijeira
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona
| | - F J Cueto
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid
| | - S Garasa
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona
| | - J L Pérez-Gracia
- University Clinic, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Sánchez-Arráez
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona
| | - D Sancho
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid
| | - I Melero
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona.,University Clinic, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
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37
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Matas-Nadal C, Sòria X, García-de-la-Fuente MR, Huerva V, Ortega E, Vilardell F, Gatius S, Casanova JM, Martí RM. Immunocryosurgery as monotherapy for lentigo maligna or combined with surgical excision for lentigo maligna melanoma. J Dermatol 2018; 45:564-570. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.14248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Matas-Nadal
- Department of Dermatology; Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; University of Lleida; IRBLleida Spain
| | - Xavier Sòria
- Department of Dermatology; Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; University of Lleida; IRBLleida Spain
| | | | - Valentín Huerva
- Department of Ophthalmology; Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; University of Lleida; IRBLleida Spain
| | - Eugenia Ortega
- Department of Oncology; Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; University of Lleida; IRBLleida Spain
| | - Felip Vilardell
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics; Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; University of Lleida; IRBLleida Lleida Spain
| | - Sònia Gatius
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics; Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; University of Lleida; IRBLleida Lleida Spain
| | - Josep M. Casanova
- Department of Dermatology; Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; University of Lleida; IRBLleida Spain
| | - Rosa M. Martí
- Department of Dermatology; Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; University of Lleida; IRBLleida Spain
- Centre of Biomedical Research on Cancer (CIBERONC); Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Madrid Spain
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38
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Khajeh Alizadeh Attar M, Anwar MA, Eskian M, Keshavarz-Fathi M, Choi S, Rezaei N. Basic understanding and therapeutic approaches to target toll-like receptors in cancerous microenvironment and metastasis. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:1469-1484. [PMID: 29283184 DOI: 10.1002/med.21480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane components that sense danger signals, like damage- and pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules, as receptors, and maintain homeostasis in tissues. They are mainly involved in immune system activation through a variety of mediators, which either carry out (1) elimination of pathogenic threats and redressing homeostatic imbalances or (2) contribution to the initiation and worsening of pathological conditions, including cancers. Under physiological conditions, TLRs coordinate the innate and adaptive immunity, and inhibit autoimmune disorders. In pathological conditions, such as cancer, they can present both tumor and receptor-specific roles. Although the roles of individual TLRs in various cancers have been described, the effects of targeting TLRs to treat cancer and prevent metastasis are still controversial. A growing body of literature has suggested contribution of both activators and inhibitors of TLR signaling pathway for cancer treatment, dependent on several context-specific factors. In short, TLRs can play dual roles with contradictory outcomes in neoplastic conditions. This hampers the development of TLR-based therapeutic interventions. A better understanding of the interwoven TLR pathways in cancerous microenvironment is necessary to design TLR-based therapies. In this review, we consider the molecular mechanisms of TLRs signaling and their involvement in tumor progression. Therapeutic modalities targeting TLRs for cancer treatment are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Khajeh Alizadeh Attar
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Muhammad Ayaz Anwar
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Mahsa Eskian
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Keshavarz-Fathi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Sheffield, United Kingdom
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39
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Zhang M, Yan Z, Wang J, Yao X. Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 expression correlates with the expression of immune biomarkers and positively predicts the clinical outcome of patients with melanoma. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:4339-4346. [PMID: 28919783 PMCID: PMC5590684 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s136194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in cancer, yet the clinical relevance of TLR7/8 expression in melanoma remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of TLR7/8 mRNA levels in melanoma and their correlation with immune biomarkers relevant to disease progression. Methods Normalized gene expression and corresponding clinical data of patients with skin cutaneous melanoma were obtained from two public databases: the Cancer Genome Atlas and GSE19234. Log rank (Mantel–Cox) tests were used to perform survival analysis. Multivariate survival analysis was performed on a Cox-regression hazard model. Spearman correlation analyses were used to address the relationship between the expressions of TLR7/8 levels and immune biomarkers in melanoma tumors. Results Survival analysis suggested that high levels of TLR7 or TLR8 expression predicted better clinical outcome for melanoma patients (TLR7: HR =1.734, P<0.0001; TLR8: HR =2.072, P<0.0001). Moreover, multivariate survival analysis implicated TLR7 as a prognostic factor independent of age, gender, or pathological stage. Further analysis demonstrated that expression levels of TLR7/8 strongly correlated with that of dendritic cell markers and chemokines/chemokine receptors, including CCR2, CCR5, CCL3, and CCL5. Importantly, expression levels of both TLR7 and TLR8 were also highly correlated with the expressions of CD8 and other functional markers of CD8+ T cells. Conclusion High gene expression of TLR7 and TLR8 in melanoma tumors is associated with high expression levels of functional markers of immune cells, which predicts longer overall survival of patients with melanoma. Our results not only provide an important reference for the clinical prognosis of melanoma but also present new implications for the design of melanoma immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moucheng Zhang
- Second Clinical Medical College of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Hospital of Ningbo, Ningbo, Zhejiang.,Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhilong Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Hospital of Ningbo, Ningbo, Zhejiang
| | - Junjiang Wang
- Second Clinical Medical College of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou.,Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueqing Yao
- Second Clinical Medical College of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou.,Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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40
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Courbet A, Bec N, Constant C, Larroque C, Pugniere M, El Messaoudi S, Zghaib Z, Khier S, Deleuze-Masquefa C, Gattacceca F. Imidazoquinoxaline anticancer derivatives and imiquimod interact with tubulin: Characterization of molecular microtubule inhibiting mechanisms in correlation with cytotoxicity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182022. [PMID: 28797090 PMCID: PMC5552358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Displaying a strong antiproliferative activity on a wide variety of cancer cells, EAPB0203 and EAPB0503 belong to the imidazo[1,2-a]quinoxalines family of imiquimod structural analogues. EAPB0503 has been shown to inhibit tubulin polymerization. The aim of the present study is to characterize the interaction of EAPB0203 and EAPB0503 with tubulin. We combine experimental approaches at the cellular and the molecular level both in vitro and in silico in order to evaluate the interaction of EAPB0203 and EAPB0503 with tubulin. We examine the influence of EAPB0203 and EAPB0503 on the cell cycle and fate, explore the binding interaction with purified tubulin, and use a computational molecular docking model to determine the binding modes to the microtubule. We then use a drug combination study with other anti-microtubule agents to compare the binding site of EAPB0203 and EAPB0503 to known potent tubulin inhibitors. We demonstrate that EAPB0203 and EAPB0503 are capable of blocking human melanoma cells in G2 and M phases and inducing cell death and apoptosis. Second, we show that EAPB0203 and EAPB0503, but also unexpectedly imiquimod, bind directly to purified tubulin and inhibit tubulin polymerization. As suggested by molecular docking and binding competition studies, we identify the colchicine binding site on β-tubulin as the interaction pocket. Furthermore, we find that EAPB0203, EAPB0503 and imiquimod display antagonistic cytotoxic effect when combined with colchicine, and disrupt tubulin network in human melanoma cells. We conclude that EAPB0203, EAPB0503, as well as imiquimod, interact with tubulin through the colchicine binding site, and that the cytotoxic activity of EAPB0203, EAPB0503 and imiquimod is correlated to their tubulin inhibiting effect. These compounds appear as interesting anticancer drug candidates as suggested by their activity and mechanism of action, and deserve further investigation for their use in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Courbet
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Department of Biochemistry & Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Nicole Bec
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier INSERM U1194, Montpellier, France
- Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Caroline Constant
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier INSERM U1194, Montpellier, France
| | - Christian Larroque
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier INSERM U1194, Montpellier, France
- Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Martine Pugniere
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier INSERM U1194, Montpellier, France
- Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Safia El Messaoudi
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier INSERM U1194, Montpellier, France
- Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Zahraa Zghaib
- IBMM, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sonia Khier
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier INSERM U1194, Montpellier, France
- Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Carine Deleuze-Masquefa
- IBMM, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Gattacceca
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier INSERM U1194, Montpellier, France
- Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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41
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Hanna E, Abadi R, Abbas O. Imiquimod in dermatology: an overview. Int J Dermatol 2017; 55:831-44. [PMID: 27387373 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Imiquimod is an immune response modifier commercially available as a 3.75 and 5% cream. Topical imiquimod stimulates the innate and adaptive immune responses and induces cytokine production. This allows its use for the treatment of a wide variety of benign and malignant skin conditions due to its potential antiviral, antitumor, and immunoregulatory effects. Currently, topical imiquimod is US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved for the treatment of anogenital warts, actinic keratosis, and superficial basal cell carcinomas. However, it has also shown a beneficial effect in the treatment of many other skin disorders. In this review, we describe existing evidence on the mechanism of action of topical imiquimod, its FDA-approved indications, off-label uses, and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Hanna
- American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rami Abadi
- American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ossama Abbas
- American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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Abstract
Fundamental cancer research and the development of efficacious antineoplastic treatments both rely on experimental systems in which the relationship between malignant cells and immune cells can be studied. Mouse models of transplantable, carcinogen-induced or genetically engineered malignancies - each with their specific advantages and difficulties - have laid the foundations of oncoimmunology. These models have guided the immunosurveillance theory that postulates that evasion from immune control is an essential feature of cancer, the concept that the long-term effects of conventional cancer treatments mostly rely on the reinstatement of anticancer immune responses and the preclinical development of immunotherapies, including currently approved immune checkpoint blockers. Specific aspects of pharmacological development, as well as attempts to personalize cancer treatments using patient-derived xenografts, require the development of mouse models in which murine genes and cells are replaced with their human equivalents. Such 'humanized' mouse models are being progressively refined to characterize the leukocyte subpopulations that belong to the innate and acquired arms of the immune system as they infiltrate human cancers that are subjected to experimental therapies. We surmise that the ever-advancing refinement of murine preclinical models will accelerate the pace of therapeutic optimization in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), INSERM U1015, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer, CICBT1428, GRCC, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Jonathan M Pitt
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), INSERM U1015, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Romain Daillère
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), INSERM U1015, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Mark J Smyth
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia; University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 labelisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France
- University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- University of Pierre et Marie Curie, 75006 Paris, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, GRCC, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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Topical treatment of melanoma metastases with imiquimod, plus administration of a cancer vaccine, promotes immune signatures in the metastases. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:1201-12. [PMID: 27522582 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1880-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infiltration of cancers by T cells is associated with improved patient survival and response to immune therapies; however, optimal approaches to induce T cell infiltration of tumors are not known. This study was designed to assess whether topical treatment of melanoma metastases with the TLR7 agonist imiquimod plus administration of a multipeptide cancer vaccine will improve immune cell infiltration of melanoma metastases. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligible patients were immunized with a vaccine comprised of 12 melanoma peptides and a tetanus toxoid-derived helper peptide, and imiquimod was applied topically to metastatic tumors daily. Adverse events were recorded, and effects on the tumor microenvironment were evaluated from sequential tumor biopsies. T cell responses were assessed by IFNγ ELIspot assay and T cell tetramer staining. Patient tumors were evaluated for immune cell infiltration, cytokine and chemokine production, and gene expression. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Four eligible patients were enrolled, and administration of imiquimod and vaccination were well tolerated. Circulating T cell responses to the vaccine was detected by ex vivo ELIspot assay in 3 of 4 patients. Treatment of metastases with imiquimod induced immune cell infiltration and favorable gene signatures in the patients with circulating T cell responses. This study supports further study of topical imiquimod combined with vaccines or other immune therapies for the treatment of melanoma.
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44
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Dajon M, Iribarren K, Cremer I. Toll-like receptor stimulation in cancer: A pro- and anti-tumor double-edged sword. Immunobiology 2016; 222:89-100. [PMID: 27349597 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of transmembrane receptors that recognize various pathogen- and damage-associated molecular pattern molecules playing an important role in inflammation by activating NF-кB. TLRs, mainly expressed by innate immune cells, are involved in inducing and regulating adaptive immune responses. However, the expression of TLRs has also been observed in many tumors, and their stimulation results in tumor progression or regression, depending on the TLR and tumor type. Here we review the role of TLRs in conferring anti- or pro-tumoral effects. The anti-tumoral effects can result from direct induction of tumor cell death and/or activation of efficient anti-tumoral immune responses, and the pro-tumoral effects may be due to inducing tumor cell survival and proliferation or by acting on suppressive or inflammatory immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Dajon
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris F-75006, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMRS1138, Paris F-75006, France; Université Paris Descartes, UMRS1138, Paris F-75006, France
| | - Kristina Iribarren
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris F-75006, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMRS1138, Paris F-75006, France; Université Paris Descartes, UMRS1138, Paris F-75006, France
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris F-75006, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMRS1138, Paris F-75006, France; Université Paris Descartes, UMRS1138, Paris F-75006, France.
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45
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Kim S, Park S, Kim B, Kwon J. Toll-like receptor 7 affects the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27849. [PMID: 27279075 PMCID: PMC4899790 DOI: 10.1038/srep27849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, a possible link between toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and liver disease was suggested, although it was limited to fibrosis. Based on this report, we investigated whether TLR7 has a pivotal role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The TLR7 signaling pathway, which is activated by imiquimod (TLR7 ligand) naturally, induced autophagy and released insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) into medium from hepatocytes. Lipid accumulation induced by unsaturated fatty acid (UFA; arachidonic acid:oleic acid = 1:1) in hepatocytes, was attenuated in TLR7 and autophagy activation. Interestingly, TLR7 activation attenuated UFA-induced lipid peroxidation products, such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal (4-HNE). To clarify a possible pathway between TLR7 and lipid peroxidation, we treated hepatocytes with MDA and 4-HNE. MDA and 4-HNE induced 2-folds lipid accumulation in UFA-treated hepatocytes via blockade of the TLR7 signaling pathway's IGF-1 release compared to only UFA-treated hepatocytes. In vivo experiments carried out with TLR7 knockout mice produced results consistent with in vitro experiments. In conclusion, TLR7 prevents progression of NAFLD via induced autophagy and released IGF-1 from liver. These findings suggest a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sokho Kim
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobongro, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Surim Park
- Laboratory of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobongro, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Laboratory of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobongro, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungkee Kwon
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobongro, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
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46
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Jiang J, Dong L, Qin B, Shi H, Guo X, Wang Y. Decreased expression of TLR7 in gastric cancer tissues and the effects of TLR7 activation on gastric cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:631-636. [PMID: 27347192 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the expression of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) in gastric cancer tissues and investigate the effects of its activation on gastric cancer cells. Patients with gastric cancer (n=30) and patients without gastric cancer (control; n=14) who underwent gastroscopy were enrolled in the study. Gastric cancer and cancer-adjacent tissues were obtained from the patients with gastric cancer, and normal gastric epithelial tissues were obtained from the control patients. The TLR7 mRNA and protein expressions in different tissues were investigated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The present study also determined the effects of TLR7 activation by the agonist imiquimod on TLR7 protein expression, proinflammatory cytokine secretion and viability in SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells. The mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR7 were significantly downregulated in gastric cancer tissues compared with cancer-adjacent and normal gastric epithelial tissues (P<0.01). Imiquimod significantly increased TLR7 protein expression levels, and promoted the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in SGC-7901 cells. Furthermore, imiquimod inhibited the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Thus, the present study identified that the expression of TLR7 was decreased in gastric cancer tissues, and TLR7 activation enhanced TLR7 expression, promoted the production of proinflammatory cytokines and inhibited the growth of gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Bin Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710003, P.R. China
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47
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Bubna AK. Imiquimod - Its role in the treatment of cutaneous malignancies. Indian J Pharmacol 2016; 47:354-9. [PMID: 26288465 PMCID: PMC4527053 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.161249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Imiquimod is a synthetic imidazoquinolone amine, which has potent immune response modifier activity, when topically used. This characteristic property of imiquimod has led to its use in a number of applications in dermatology, particularly in cutaneous malignancies, where it has been found to be effective and safe. Currently, additional mechanisms for its activity in actinic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma, and invasive squamous cell carcinoma have been elucidated. Its usage for cutaneous metastasis in breast cancer has been a further addition to its therapeutic armamentarium recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Kumar Bubna
- Assistant Professor, Department of Dermatology, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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48
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Elefanti L, Sacco G, Stagni C, Rastrelli M, Menin C, Russo I, Alaibac M. TLR7 Gln11Leu single nucleotide polymorphism and susceptibility to cutaneous melanoma. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:275-280. [PMID: 27347137 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a life-threatening skin cancer. Its incidence is rapidly increasing, and early diagnosis is the main factor able to improve its poor prognosis. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins that recognize pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns, against which TLRs activate the innate immune response and initiate the adaptive immune response. Genetic variations of these receptors may alter the immune system, and are involved in evolution and susceptibility to various diseases, including cancer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the presence of TLR7 glutamine (Gln) 11 leucine (Leu) polymorphism confers an increased susceptibility to cutaneous melanoma. For that purpose, a case-control study was performed with 182 melanoma cases and 89 controls. To highlight the possible association between the aforementioned polymorphism and the susceptibility to melanoma, 93 cases of single melanoma and 89 cases of multiple primary melanoma (MPM) were compared in the present study. Since the TLR7 gene is localized on the chromosome X, the allelic frequency of the Gln11Leu polymorphism was analyzed separately in males and females. The distribution of allele frequencies between melanoma cases and controls (P=0.245) and between single melanoma and MPM cases (P=0.482) was not significant. Therefore, the present results do not suggest an association between TLR7 Gln11Leu polymorphism and susceptibility to cutaneous melanoma. Further studies are required to analyze the influence of other TLR polymorphisms on the susceptibility to malignant melanoma and the involvement of innate immunity in this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Elefanti
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, Scientific Institute for Hospitalization, Treatment and Research, Padua I-35128, Italy
| | - Giorgia Sacco
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology Unit, University of Padua, Padua I-35121, Italy
| | - Camilla Stagni
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Unit, University of Padua, Padua I-35100, Italy
| | - Marco Rastrelli
- Melanoma and Soft Tissue Sarcoma Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, Scientific Institute for Hospitalization, Treatment and Research, Padua I-35128, Italy
| | - Chiara Menin
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, Scientific Institute for Hospitalization, Treatment and Research, Padua I-35128, Italy
| | - Irene Russo
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology Unit, University of Padua, Padua I-35121, Italy
| | - Mauro Alaibac
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology Unit, University of Padua, Padua I-35121, Italy
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49
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Russo I, Cona C, Saponeri A, Bassetto F, Baldo V, Alaibac M. Association between Toll-like receptor 7 Gln11Leu single-nucleotide polymorphism and basal cell carcinoma. Biomed Rep 2016; 4:459-462. [PMID: 27073632 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) are the most common form of human skin cancer. The majority of NMSC are basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with a BCC:SCC incidence ratio of 4:1 in immunocompetent patients. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns, against which they activate the innate immune response and initiate the adaptive immune response. Genetic variations of these receptors can alter the immune system and are involved in evolution and susceptibility of various diseases, including cancer. Imiquimod, an agonist of TLR7, is applied topically in the treatment of premalignant and malignant skin disorders, in particular BCC. The high efficacy of this TLR7 agonist toward BCC supports a possible role of this receptor in the induction of BCC and, consequently, polymorphisms of this receptor could be responsible for a greater or lesser susceptibility to BCC. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the presence of the functional TLR7 rs179008/Gln11Leu promoter polymorphism conferred an increased susceptibility to BCC. A case-control study with 177 BCC cases and 158 controls was performed to highlight the possible association between this polymorphism and the susceptibility to BCC. As the TLR7 gene is localized on chromosome X, the allelic frequency of this polymorphism was analyzed separately in males and females. The analysis of the distribution of frequencies of wild-type TLR7 and variant TLR7 carrying the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs179008 in patients with BCC and healthy subjects did not reveal any statistically significant difference between cases and controls. This study does not suggest the involvement of the SNP rs179008 of TLR7 in the susceptibility to BCC, but cannot exclude a role for TLR7 in BCC carcinogenesis considering the high efficacy of the TLR7 agonist, imiquimod, in the treatment of this neoplastic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Russo
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Camilla Cona
- Plastic Surgery Unit, University of Padova, I-35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Saponeri
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Franco Bassetto
- Plastic Surgery Unit, University of Padova, I-35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Baldo
- Public Health Unit, University of Padova, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Mauro Alaibac
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, I-35121 Padova, Italy
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50
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Wang F, Jin R, Zou BB, Li L, Cheng FW, Luo X, Geng X, Zhang SQ. Activation of Toll-like receptor 7 regulates the expression of IFN-λ1, p53, PTEN, VEGF, TIMP-1 and MMP-9 in pancreatic cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:1807-12. [PMID: 26718740 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critical in the induction of the immune response in tumor development. TLR7 has previously been demonstrated to be associated with the development of pancreatic cancer, and the release of cytokines and chemokines from other types of cancer cell; however, the specific expression induced by TLR7 agonists in pancreatic cancer cells remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the TLR7 agonist, gardiquimod, on ERK1/2 signaling pathway, and on the expression of genes involved in the pathogenesis of cancer, including phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), p53, type Ⅲ interferon (IFN-λ1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1). The results demonstrated that activation of TLR7 upregulated the expression levels of certain genes to varying degrees; the expression levels of IFN-λ1 and MMP-9 were increased by ~3 fold, whereas other genes (p53, PTEN, TIMP-1) were upregulated by ~2 fold, and VEGF was marginally upregulated after 10 min. Furthermore, gardiquimod increased the expression levels of phosphorylated-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2. In addition, PD98059, a specific inhibitor of ERK phosphorylation, inhibited the ability of gardiquimod to activate ERK1/2; consequently weakening the effect of gardiquimod on gene regulation. These findings indicated that the effect of TLR7 agonists, including gardiquimod, on gene expression in BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cells was partly associated with the mitogen-activated protein kinase-ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Rui Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Bing Zou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Wei Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Geng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Quan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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