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Tiwari M, Sodhi M, Sharma M, Sharma V, Mukesh M. Hypoxia related genes modulate in similar fashion in skin fibroblast cells of yak (Bos grunniens) adapted to high altitude and native cows (Bos indicus) adapted to tropical climate during hypoxia stress. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2024; 68:1675-1687. [PMID: 38814473 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-024-02695-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to understand transcriptional response of skin fibroblast of yak (Bos grunniens) and cows of Bos indicus origin to hypoxia stress. Six primary fibroblast cell lines derived from three individuals each of Ladakhi yak (Bos grunniens) and Sahiwal cows (Bos indicus) were exposed to low oxygen concentration for a period of 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. The expression of 10 important genes known to regulate hypoxia response such as HIF1A, VEGFA, EPAS1, ATP1A1, GLUT1, HMOX1, ECE1, TNF-A, GPx and SOD were evaluated in fibroblast cells of Ladakhi yak (LAY-Fb) and Sahiwal cows (SAC-Fb) during pre- and post-hypoxia stress. A panel of 10 reference genes (GAPDH, RPL4, EEF1A1, RPS9, HPRT1, UXT, RPS23, B2M, RPS15, ACTB) were also evaluated for their expression stability to perform accurate normalization. The expression of HIF1A was significantly (p < 0.05) induced in both LAY-Fb (2.29-fold) and SAC-Fb (2.07-fold) after 24 h of hypoxia stress. The angiogenic (VEGFA), metabolic (GLUT1) and antioxidant genes (SOD and GPx) were also induced after 24 h of hypoxia stress. However, EPAS1 and ATP1A1 induced significantly (p < 0.05) after 48 h whereas, ECE1 expression induced significantly (p < 0.05) at 72 h after exposure to hypoxia. The TNF-alpha which is a pro-inflammatory gene induced significantly (p < 0.05) at 24 h in SAC-Fb and at 72 h in LAY-Fb. The induction of hypoxia associated genes indicated the utility of skin derived fibroblast as cellular model to evaluate transcriptome signatures post hypoxia stress in populations adapted to diverse altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Tiwari
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, Haryana, India
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Monika Sodhi
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Manish Sharma
- DRDO-Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vishal Sharma
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Manishi Mukesh
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, Haryana, India.
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2
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Endo M, Teshima H, Kitadani K, Minoru K, Tsuji T, Tatsukawa H, Harada H, Hitomi K. Analysis on promotive effect of rocking culture on keratinocyte differentiation in 3-dimensional reconstitution human epidermis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:932-940. [PMID: 38760880 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbae070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
A 3-dimensional culture system of keratinocytes achieves cornification as a terminal differentiation that can mimic the formation of stratified epidermis. At the onset of keratinocyte differentiation, air-exposure treatment is essential for promotion. We have previously reported that the stimulation of differentiation is accompanied by downregulation of the transcriptional activity of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and also found that rocking treatment of cultured keratinocytes in the submerged condition restored their differentiation. A comparative study of cultured keratinocytes with and without rocking was then carried out to investigate the characteristics of the recovered differentiation by morphological and biochemical analyses. In addition, transcriptome analysis revealed the expected similar pattern between air-exposed and rocking cultures, including HIF-regulating transcripts. Furthermore, the promotive effect of rocking treatment was impaired under hypoxic culture conditions (1% O2). We showed that the restored promotion of differentiation by rocking culture is mainly due to the abrogation of transcriptional events by hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Endo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Teshima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kojin Kitadani
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Tokuji Tsuji
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Tatsukawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Harada
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Hitomi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Chettouh-Hammas N, Grillon C. Physiological skin oxygen levels: An important criterion for skin cell functionality and therapeutic approaches. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 222:259-274. [PMID: 38908804 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
The skin is made up of different layers with various gradients, which maintain a complex microenvironment, particularly in terms of oxygen levels. However, all types of skin cells are cultured in conventional incubators that do not reproduce physiological oxygen levels. Instead, they are cultured at atmospheric oxygen levels, a condition that is far removed from physiology and may lead to the generation of free radicals known to induce skin ageing. This review aims to summarize the current literature on the effect of physiological oxygen levels on skin cells, highlight the shortcomings of current in vitro models, and demonstrate the importance of respecting skin oxygen levels. We begin by clarifying the terminology used about oxygen levels and describe the specific distribution of oxygen in the skin. We review and discuss how skin cells adapt their oxygen consumption and metabolism to oxygen levels environment, as well as the changes that are induced, particularly, their redox state, life cycle and functions. We examine the effects of oxygen on both simple culture models and more complex reconstructed skin models. Finally, we present the implications of oxygen modulation for a more therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadira Chettouh-Hammas
- Center for Molecular Biophysics UPR4301 CNRS, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071, Orléans, Cedex 2, France.
| | - Catherine Grillon
- Center for Molecular Biophysics UPR4301 CNRS, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071, Orléans, Cedex 2, France.
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Sojka DR, Gogler A, Kania D, Vydra N, Wiecha K, Adamiec-Organiściok M, Wilk A, Chumak V, Matyśniak D, Scieglinska D. The human testis-enriched HSPA2 interacts with HIF-1α in epidermal keratinocytes, yet HIF-1α stability and HIF-1-dependent gene expression rely on the HSPA (HSP70) activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119735. [PMID: 38641179 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 (HIF-1) is essential for cellular adaptation to reduced oxygen levels. It also facilitates the maintenance and re-establishment of skin homeostasis. Among others, it is involved in regulating keratinocyte differentiation. The stability of the oxygen-liable HIF-1α subunit is regulated by various non-canonical oxygen-independent mechanisms, which among others involve Heat Shock Proteins of the A family (HSPA/HSP70). This group of highly homologous chaperones and proteostasis-controlling factors includes HSPA2, a unique member crucial for spermatogenesis and implicated in the regulation of keratinocyte differentiation. HIF-1 can control the HSPA2 gene expression. In this study, we revealed that HIF-1α is the first confirmed client of HSPA2 in human somatic cells. It colocalises and interacts directly with HSPA2 in the epidermis in situ and immortalised keratinocytes in vitro. Using an in vitro model based on HSPA2-overexpressing and HSPA2-deficient variants of immortalised keratinocytes we showed that changes in HSPA2 levels do not affect the levels and intracellular localisation of HIF-1α or influence the ability of HIF-1 to modulate target gene expression. However, HIF-1α stability in keratinocytes appears critically reliant on HSPAs as a group of functionally overlapping chaperones. In addition to HSPA2, HIF-1α colocalises and forms complexes with HSPA8 and HSPA1, representing housekeeping and stress-inducible HSPA family paralogs, respectively. Chemical inhibition of HSPA activity, but not paralog-specific knockdown of HSPA8 or HSPA1 expression reduced HIF-1α levels and HIF-1-dependent gene expression. These observations suggest that pharmacological targeting of HSPAs could prevent excessive HIF-1 signalling in pathological skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Robert Sojka
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gogler
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Daria Kania
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Natalia Vydra
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Klaudia Wiecha
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Adamiec-Organiściok
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Agata Wilk
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Vira Chumak
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Damian Matyśniak
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Dorota Scieglinska
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland.
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Melnik BC. Acne Transcriptomics: Fundamentals of Acne Pathogenesis and Isotretinoin Treatment. Cells 2023; 12:2600. [PMID: 37998335 PMCID: PMC10670572 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This review on acne transcriptomics allows for deeper insights into the pathogenesis of acne and isotretinoin's mode of action. Puberty-induced insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin and androgen signaling activate the kinase AKT and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). A Western diet (hyperglycemic carbohydrates and milk/dairy products) also co-stimulates AKT/mTORC1 signaling. The AKT-mediated phosphorylation of nuclear FoxO1 and FoxO3 results in their extrusion into the cytoplasm, a critical switch which enhances the transactivation of lipogenic and proinflammatory transcription factors, including androgen receptor (AR), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), but reduces the FoxO1-dependent expression of GATA binding protein 6 (GATA6), the key transcription factor for infundibular keratinocyte homeostasis. The AKT-mediated phosphorylation of the p53-binding protein MDM2 promotes the degradation of p53. In contrast, isotretinoin enhances the expression of p53, FoxO1 and FoxO3 in the sebaceous glands of acne patients. The overexpression of these proapoptotic transcription factors explains isotretinoin's desirable sebum-suppressive effect via the induction of sebocyte apoptosis and the depletion of BLIMP1(+) sebocyte progenitor cells; it also explains its adverse effects, including teratogenicity (neural crest cell apoptosis), a reduced ovarian reserve (granulosa cell apoptosis), the risk of depression (the apoptosis of hypothalamic neurons), VLDL hyperlipidemia, intracranial hypertension and dry skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany
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Segawa R, Kyoda T, Yagisawa M, Muramatsu T, Hiratsuka M, Hirasawa N. Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors suppressed thymic stromal lymphopoietin production and allergic responses in a mouse air-pouch-type ovalbumin sensitization model. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110127. [PMID: 37030118 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an allergic skin disease, triggered by excessive type 2 immune reactions. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an epithelial-derived cytokine that induces type 2 immune response through dendritic cell activation. Therefore, TSLP inhibitors may serve as novel antiallergic drugs. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) activation in the epithelia contributes to several homeostatic phenomena, such as re-epithelialization. However, the effects of HIF activation on TSLP production and immune activation in the skin remain unclear. In this study, we found that selective HIF prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (PHD inhibitors), which induce HIF activation, suppressed TSLP production in a mouse ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization model. PHD inhibitors also suppressed the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), which is a major inducer of TSLP production, in this mouse model and in a macrophage cell line. Consistent with these findings, PHD inhibitors suppressed OVA-specific IgE levels in the serum and OVA-induced allergic responses. Furthermore, we found a direct suppressive effect on TSLP expression in a human keratinocyte cell line mediated by HIF activation. Taken together, our findings suggest that PHD inhibitors exert antiallergic effects by suppressing TSLP production. Controlling the HIF activation system has therapeutic potential in AD.
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Bozic D, Živančević K, Baralić K, Miljaković EA, Djordjević AB, Ćurčić M, Bulat Z, Antonijević B, Đukić-Ćosić D. Conducting bioinformatics analysis to predict sulforaphane-triggered adverse outcome pathways in healthy human cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114316. [PMID: 36731342 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is a naturally occurring molecule present in plants from Brassica family. It becomes bioactive after hydrolytic reaction mediated by myrosinase or human gastrointestinal microbiota. Sulforaphane gained scientific popularity due to its antioxidant and anti-cancer properties. However, its toxicity profile and potential to cause adverse effects remain largely unidentified. Thus, this study aimed to generate SFN-triggered adverse outcome pathway (AOP) by looking at the relationship between SFN-chemical structure and its toxicity, as well as SFN-gene interactions. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis identified 2 toxophores (Derek Nexus software) that have the potential to cause chromosomal damage and skin sensitization in mammals or mutagenicity in bacteria. Data extracted from Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) linked SFN with previously proposed outcomes via gene interactions. The total of 11 and 146 genes connected SFN with chromosomal damage and skin diseases, respectively. However, network analysis (NetworkAnalyst tool) revealed that these genes function in wider networks containing 490 and 1986 nodes, respectively. The over-representation analysis (ExpressAnalyst tool) pointed out crucial biological pathways regulated by SFN-interfering genes. These pathways are uploaded to AOP-helpFinder tool which found the 2321 connections between 19 enriched pathways and SFN which were further considered as key events. Two major, interconnected AOPs were generated: first starting from disruption of biological pathways involved in cell cycle and cell proliferation leading to increased apoptosis, and the second one connecting activated immune system signaling pathways to inflammation and apoptosis. In both cases, chromosomal damage and/or skin diseases such as dermatitis or psoriasis appear as adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragica Bozic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Toxicological Risk Assessment Center, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Katarina Živančević
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Toxicological Risk Assessment Center, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; University of Belgrade - Faculty of Biology, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry "Ivan Djaja", Center for Laser Microscopy, Studentski trg 16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Baralić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Toxicological Risk Assessment Center, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Evica Antonijević Miljaković
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Toxicological Risk Assessment Center, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Buha Djordjević
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Toxicological Risk Assessment Center, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marijana Ćurčić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Toxicological Risk Assessment Center, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Toxicological Risk Assessment Center, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Antonijević
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Toxicological Risk Assessment Center, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Đukić-Ćosić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Toxicological Risk Assessment Center, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
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Teshima H, Endo M, Furuyama Y, Takama H, Akiyama M, Tsuji T, Tatsukawa H, Hitomi K. Involvement of hypoxia-inducible factor activity in inevitable air-exposure treatment upon differentiation in a three-dimensional keratinocyte culture. FEBS J 2022; 290:2049-2063. [PMID: 36549886 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Formation of the human skin epidermis can be reproduced by a three-dimensional (3D) keratinocyte culture system, in which air-exposure is inevitable upon initiation of differentiation. In the continuous submerged culture without air-exposure, even with a differentiation-compatible medium, several keratinocyte-specific proteins were not induced resulting in the formation of aberrant epidermal layers. To clarify the mechanism by which air-exposure promotes keratinocyte differentiation, we performed a comparative analysis on biological properties between submerged and air-liquid interphase culture systems. By transcriptomic analysis, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-related genes appeared to significantly change in these cultured cells. In submerged culture, the transcriptional activity of HIF on its canonical response element was enhanced, while air-exposure treatment drastically reduced the transcriptional activity despite the high HIF protein level. Regulating HIF activity through reagents and genetic manipulation revealed that the reduced but retained HIF-transcriptional activity was essentially involved in differentiation. Furthermore, we showed, for the first time, that artificial supplementation of oxygen in the submerged culture system could restore keratinocyte differentiation as observed in the air-exposed culture. Thus, we mechanistically evaluated how HIF regulates the air-exposure-dependent differentiation of keratinocytes in a 3D culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Teshima
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan
| | - Mayuko Endo
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan
| | - Yumea Furuyama
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masashi Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tokuji Tsuji
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan
| | - Hideki Tatsukawa
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Hitomi
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan
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Khan SA, Wu Y, Li ASM, Fu XQ, Yu ZL. Network pharmacology and molecular docking-based prediction of active compounds and mechanisms of action of Cnidii Fructus in treating atopic dermatitis. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:275. [PMID: 36261841 PMCID: PMC9580115 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03734-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease that compromises the skin's barrier function and capacity to retain moisture. Cnidii Fructus (CF), the dried fruits of Cnidium monnieri, has long been used to treat atopic dermatitis (AD) in China. However, the anti-AD compounds and mechanisms of CF are not fully understood. In this study, we evaluated the active compounds and molecular targets of CF in treating AD. METHODS The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database was used to acquire information regarding the compounds that occur in the herb. Targets of these compounds were predicted using the SwissTargetPrediction website tool. AD-related genes were collected from the GeneCards database. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis of proteins that are targeted by active compounds of CF and encoded by AD-related genes were performed using Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery Bioinformatics Resources. A "compound-target" network was constructed and analyzed using Cytoscape Software. Molecular docking was performed using BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer and AutoDock Vina. RESULTS We identified 19 active compounds in CF, 532 potential targets for these compounds, and 1540 genes related to AD. Results of GO enrichment indicated that CF affects biological processes and molecular functions, such as inflammatory response and steroid hormone receptor activity, which may be associated with its anti-AD effects. KEGG pathway analyses showed that PI3K-Akt signaling, calcium signaling, Rap1 signaling, and cAMP signaling pathways are the main pathways involved in the anti-AD effects of CF. Molecular docking analyses revealed that the key active compounds in CF, such as (E)-2,3-bis(2-keto-7-methoxy-chromen-8-yl)acrolein, ar-curcumene, and diosmetin, can bind the main therapeutic targets AKT1, SRC, MAPK3, EGFR, CASP3, and PTGS2. CONCLUSIONS Results of the present study establish a foundation for further investigation of the anti-AD compounds and mechanisms of CF and provide a basis for developing modern anti-AD agents based on compounds that occur in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakeel Ahmad Khan
- grid.221309.b0000 0004 1764 5980Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Wu
- grid.221309.b0000 0004 1764 5980Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amy Sze-Man Li
- grid.221309.b0000 0004 1764 5980Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiu-Qiong Fu
- grid.221309.b0000 0004 1764 5980Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- grid.221309.b0000 0004 1764 5980Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
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Wang X, Niu L, Kang A, Pang Y, Zhang Y, Wang W, Zhang Y, Huang X, Liu Q, Geng Z, He L, Niu Y, Zhang R. Effects of ambient PM 2.5 on development of psoriasiform inflammation through KRT17-dependent activation of AKT/mTOR/HIF-1α pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 243:114008. [PMID: 36029575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has significant effects on human skin health, mainly disrupting skin homeostasis and accelerating aging. To date, the effects of PM2.5 on psoriasis (PSO) have not been elucidated. An ambient particulate matter exposed and well characterized imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis mouse model was established. Thirty male C57BL/6 mice aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into three groups: filtered air (FA) group (Control group), PSO+ FA group and PSO + PM2.5 group. A KRT17 knockdown (KRT17-KD) mouse model was simultaneously established by subcutaneously injecting KRT17-KD lentivirus. Forty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: PSO + FA + KRT17-RNAi negative control lentivirus (KRT17-NC) group, PSO+ FA+ KRT17-KD group, PSO + PM2.5 + KRT17-NC group and PSO + PM2.5 + KRT17-KD group. PM2.5 exposure continued for 8 weeks. Psoriasis was induced by topically applying IMQ on the dorsal skin of the mice for 6 days during week 8. Morphometric and histological analyses were performed to investigate the changes in psoriatic lesions. Differentially expressed genes and enriched pathways were explored using bioinformatics analysis and showed that KRT17 gene and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway were associated with psoriasis. HaCaT cells were stimulated with interleukin-17A and infected with KRT17-KD lentivirus to establish an in vitro KRT17 knockdown psoriasis cell model. Notably, PM2.5 exposure increased the expression of KRT17 protein and activated AKT/mTOR/HIF-1α signaling pathway in vivo. Moreover, specific agonist of AKT (740Y-P) reversed the decreased neovascularization induced by KRT17 knockdown through AKT/mTOR/HIF-1α signaling pathway in vitro. Consequently, PM2.5 exposure could promote the development and progression of psoriasis through KRT17-dependent activation of AKT/mTOR/HIF-1α signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China; Department of Dermatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Linpeng Niu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Aijuan Kang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxian Pang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaling Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqing Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingping Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Geng
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyi He
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Niu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Viodé C, Rouquier A, Mias C, Questel E, Bessou-Touya S, Duplan H. Specific protection of sensitive skin against environmental stress by maintenance and improvement of barrier function. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36 Suppl 5:13-20. [PMID: 35315151 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensitive skin is a common condition that can severely impact quality of life. Several mechanisms are thought to be involved, including those affecting the skin barrier function, hydration and skin innervation. OBJECTIVES To investigate the benefit of cream and balm formulations dedicated to sensitive skin and containing Aquaphilus dolomiae extract-G3 (ADE-G3) on skin barrier functions (lipid composition, pH, TEWL), as well as protective responses to dry and pollution stresses. METHODS In vitro sensitized (using histamine) reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) were subjected to dehydration and pollution stress in the absence and presence of the formulations. Endpoint measurements included transepithelial electric resistance (TEER), stratum corneum protein expression and lipid contents. Clinical measurements included transepithelial water loss (TEWL), skin pH and the lipid index. RESULTS When applied in cream and balm formulations, ADE-G3, increased the TEER in sensitized RHEs. In non-sensitized dehydrated RHEs, both formulations increased recovery of skin barrier integrity after dehydration, evident as a return of the ratios of filaggrin/profilaggrin and caspase-14/procaspase-14 to values measured in control non-stressed RHEs, as well as reducing the 'natural moisturizing factor' to control levels. In clinical studies performed on dry human skin, the formulations helped to maintain and improve the skin barrier function. This was evident as an intense and sustained moisturization (total lipids and lipid esters were increased), an increase in pH and a decrease in the TEWL by both formulations. When exposed to pollution stress by treating the models with benzo[a]pyrene and airborne particulate matter (PM10), application of both formulations prior to exposure attenuated the induction of CYP1A1, CYP1B1 and UGT1A7 expression, indicating a protective effect. CONCLUSIONS ADE-G3 cream and balm formulations increased the hydration of the skin but also protected and improved the skin barrier integrity of sensitive skin exposed to dry and cold and airborne pollutant-induced stress environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Viodé
- R&D Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - A Rouquier
- R&D Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - C Mias
- R&D Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - E Questel
- R&D Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - S Bessou-Touya
- R&D Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - H Duplan
- R&D Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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12
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Segawa R. [Search for Compounds Regulating TSLP Production]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2021; 141:1129-1135. [PMID: 34602509 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.21-00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an epithelial cell-derived immunostimulatory factor, which activates several immune cells such as dendritic cells, T cells, and mast cells. Recently, epithelial cell-derived TSLP has gained immense attention as a cytokine that induces allergic immune responses. Therefore, understanding the regulation of TSLP production is an important step in uncovering the pathophysiology of allergic diseases. Moreover, the compounds that regulate TSLP production can be used as therapeutic drugs for the treatment of allergic diseases. We aim to elucidate the detailed regulation of TSLP production from epithelial cells, and in doing so discovered new regulating factors and an inhibitor of TSLP production. This review article explains the role of TSLP in allergic diseases, its regulation, and our research results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Segawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
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13
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Faßbender S, Sondenheimer K, Majora M, Schindler J, Opitz FV, Pollet M, Haarmann-Stemmann T, Krutmann J, Weighardt H. Keratinocytes Counteract UVB-Induced Immunosuppression in Mice Via HIF-1a Signaling. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:1183-1193. [PMID: 34571000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.07.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1alpha (HIF-1a) regulates cellular metabolism under hypoxia but also immune responses and UVB-induced skin reactions. In keratinocytes, HIF-1a is an environmental sensor orchestrating the adaptation to environmental changes. Here, we investigated the role of HIF-1a in keratinocytes for skin reactions to acute and chronic UVB exposure in mice. The function of HIF-1a in keratinocytes under UVB exposure was analyzed in conditional keratinocyte-specific HIF-1a-KO (in short "cKO") mice. cKO mice were hypersensitive to acute high-dose UVB irradiation compared to wildtype (WT), displaying increased cell death and delayed barrier repair. After chronic low-dose UVB treatment, cKO mice also had stronger epidermal damage but reduced infiltration of dermal macrophages and T helper cells compared to WT mice. Irradiated cKO mice revealed accumulation of regulatory lymphocytes in dorsal skin-draining lymph nodes compared to WT and unirradiated mice. This was reflected by augmented IL-10 release of lymph node cells and a weaker contact hypersensitivity reaction to DNFB in UVB-exposed cKO mice compared to WT and unirradiated controls. In summary, we found that keratinocyte-specific HIF-1a expression is crucial for adaptation to UVB exposure and inhibits the development of UVB-induced immunosuppression in mice. Therefore, HIF-1a signaling in keratinocytes could ameliorate photoaging-related skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Faßbender
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Strasse 31, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Kevin Sondenheimer
- IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Marc Majora
- IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jennifer Schindler
- IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Friederike V Opitz
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Strasse 31, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Marius Pollet
- IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Haarmann-Stemmann
- IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jean Krutmann
- IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Heike Weighardt
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Strasse 31, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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14
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Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Signaling in Macrophages Promotes Lymphangiogenesis in Leishmania major Infection. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0012421. [PMID: 34031127 PMCID: PMC8281282 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00124-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is a phenomenon seen in the cutaneous lesions formed during infection with Leishmania parasites. Within the lesion, Leishmania major infection leads to the infiltration of inflammatory cells, including macrophages, and is associated with hypoxic conditions and lymphangiogenesis in the local site. This low-oxygen environment is concomitant with the expression of hypoxic inducible factors (HIFs), which initiate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) in macrophages during the infection. Here, we found that macrophage hypoxia is elevated in the skin, and the HIF target Vegfa is preferentially expressed at the site of infection. Further, transcripts indicative of both HIF-1α and HIF-2α activation were increased at the site of infection. Given that HIF mediates VEGF-A and that VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 signaling induces lymphangiogenesis, we wanted to investigate the link between myeloid HIF activation and lymphangiogenesis during L. major infection. We show that myeloid aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT)/HIF/VEGF-A signaling promotes lymphangiogenesis (the generation of newly formed vessels within the local lymphatic network), which helps resolve the lesion by draining away inflammatory cells and fluid. Concomitant with impaired lymphangiogenesis, we find the deletion of myeloid ARNT/HIF signaling leads to an exacerbated inflammatory response associated with a heightened CD4+ Th1 immune response following L. major infection. Altogether, our data suggest that VEGF-A-mediated lymphangiogenesis occurs through myeloid ARNT/HIF activation following Leishmania major infection and this process is critical in limiting immunopathology.
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15
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Cultivation of human skin cells under physiological oxygen concentration modulates expression of skin significant genes and response to hydroxy acids. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 551:161-167. [PMID: 33740623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Physiological oxygen concentration (physioxia) ranges from 1 to 8% in human tissues while many researchers cultivate mammalian cells under an atmospheric concentration of 21% (hyperoxia). Oxygen is one of the significant gases which functions in human cells including energy production in mitochondria, metabolism in peroxidase, and transcription of various genes in company with HIF (Hypoxia-inducible factors) in the nucleus. Thus, mammalian cell culture should be deliberated on the oxygen concentration to mimic in vivo physiology. Here, we studied if the cultivation of human skin cells under physiological conditions could affect skin significant genes in barrier functions and dermal matrix formation. We further examined that some representative active ingredients in dermatology such as glycolic acid, gluconolactone, and salicylic acid work in different ways depending on the oxygen concentration. Taken together, we present the importance of oxygen concentration in skin cell culture for proper screening of novel ingredients as well as the mechanistic study of skin cell regulation.
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16
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Simpson CL, Tokito MK, Uppala R, Sarkar MK, Gudjonsson JE, Holzbaur ELF. NIX initiates mitochondrial fragmentation via DRP1 to drive epidermal differentiation. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108689. [PMID: 33535046 PMCID: PMC7888979 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermis regenerates continually to maintain a protective barrier at the body’s surface composed of differentiating keratinocytes. Maturation of this stratified tissue requires that keratinocytes undergo wholesale organelle degradation upon reaching the outermost tissue layers to form compacted, anucleate cells. Through live imaging of organotypic cultures of human epidermis, we find that regulated breakdown of mitochondria is critical for epidermal development. Keratinocytes in the upper layers initiate mitochondrial fragmentation, depolarization, and acidification upon upregulating the mitochondrion-tethered autophagy receptor NIX. Depleting NIX compromises epidermal maturation and impairs mitochondrial elimination, whereas ectopic NIX expression accelerates keratinocyte differentiation and induces premature mitochondrial fragmentation via the guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) DRP1. We further demonstrate that inhibiting DRP1 blocks NIX-mediated mitochondrial breakdown and disrupts epidermal development. Our findings establish mitochondrial degradation as a key step in terminal keratinocyte differentiation and define a pathway operating via the mitophagy receptor NIX in concert with DRP1 to drive epidermal morphogenesis. Using live microscopy of human organotypic epidermis, Simpson et al. demonstrate how keratinocytes degrade their mitochondria in the upper tissue layers during their final stage of differentiation. By upregulating expression of the mitophagy receptor NIX, keratinocytes initiate DRP1- dependent mitochondrial fragmentation, a process critical for epidermal tissue maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory L Simpson
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mariko K Tokito
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ranjitha Uppala
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mrinal K Sarkar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Erika L F Holzbaur
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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17
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A New Insight into the Potential Role of Tryptophan-Derived AhR Ligands in Skin Physiological and Pathological Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031104. [PMID: 33499346 PMCID: PMC7865493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays a crucial role in environmental responses and xenobiotic metabolism, as it controls the transcription profiles of several genes in a ligand-specific and cell-type-specific manner. Various barrier tissues, including skin, display the expression of AhR. Recent studies revealed multiple roles of AhR in skin physiology and disease, including melanogenesis, inflammation and cancer. Tryptophan metabolites are distinguished among the groups of natural and synthetic AhR ligands, and these include kynurenine, kynurenic acid and 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ). Tryptophan derivatives can affect and regulate a variety of signaling pathways. Thus, the interest in how these substances influence physiological and pathological processes in the skin is expanding rapidly. The widespread presence of these substances and potential continuous exposure of the skin to their biological effects indicate the important role of AhR and its ligands in the prevention, pathogenesis and progression of skin diseases. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of AhR in skin physiology. Moreover, we discuss the role of AhR in skin pathological processes, including inflammatory skin diseases, pigmentation disorders and cancer. Finally, the impact of FICZ, kynurenic acid, and kynurenine on physiological and pathological processes in the skin is considered. However, the mechanisms of how AhR regulates skin function require further investigation.
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18
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Abstract
Over the last few years, cancer immunotherapy experienced tremendous developments and it is nowadays considered a promising strategy against many types of cancer. However, the exclusion of lymphocytes from the tumor nest is a common phenomenon that limits the efficiency of immunotherapy in solid tumors. Despite several mechanisms proposed during the years to explain the immune excluded phenotype, at present, there is no integrated understanding about the role played by different models of immune exclusion in human cancers. Hypoxia is a hallmark of most solid tumors and, being a multifaceted and complex condition, shapes in a unique way the tumor microenvironment, affecting gene transcription and chromatin remodeling. In this review, we speculate about an upstream role for hypoxia as a common biological determinant of immune exclusion in solid tumors. We also discuss the current state of ex vivo and in vivo imaging of hypoxic determinants in relation to T cell distribution that could mechanisms of immune exclusion and discover functional-morphological tumor features that could support clinical monitoring.
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19
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The Active Compounds and Therapeutic Mechanisms of Pentaherbs Formula for Oral and Topical Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis Based on Network Pharmacology. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9091166. [PMID: 32916837 PMCID: PMC7569866 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To examine the molecular targets and therapeutic mechanism of a clinically proven Chinese medicinal pentaherbs formula (PHF) in atopic dermatitis (AD), we analyzed the active compounds and core targets, performed network and molecular docking analysis, and investigated interacting pathways. Information on compounds in PHF was obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database, and target prediction was performed using the Drugbank database. AD-related genes were gathered using the GeneCards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) databases. Network analysis was performed by Cytoscape software and protein-protein interaction was analyzed by the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING). The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) Bioinformatics Resources were applied for the enrichment analysis of the potential biological process and pathways associated with the intersection targets between PHF and AD. Autodock software was used to perform protein compound docking analysis. We identified 43 active compounds in PHF associated with 117 targets, and 57 active compounds associated with 107 targets that form the main pathways linked to oral and topical treatment of AD, respectively. Among them, quercetin, luteolin, and kaempferol are key chemicals targeting the core genes involved in the oral use of PHF against AD, while apigenin, ursolic acid, and rosmarinic acid could be used in topical treatment of PHF against AD. The compound–target–disease network constructed in the current study reveals close interactions between multiple components and multiple targets. Enrichment analysis further supports the biological processes and signaling pathways identified, indicating the involvement of IL-17 and tumor necrosis factor signaling pathways in the action of PHF on AD. Our data demonstrated the main compounds and potential pharmacological mechanisms of oral and topical application of PHF in AD.
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20
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Hammarlund EU. Harnessing hypoxia as an evolutionary driver of complex multicellularity. Interface Focus 2020; 10:20190101. [PMID: 32642048 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2019.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal tissue requires low-oxygen conditions for its maintenance. The need for low-oxygen conditions contrasts with the idea of an evolutionary leap in animal diversity as a result of expanding oxic conditions. To accommodate tissue renewal at oxic conditions, however, vertebrate animals and vascular plants demonstrate abilities to access hypoxia. Here, I argue that multicellular organisms sustain oxic conditions first after internalizing hypoxic conditions. The 'harnessing' of hypoxia has allowed multicellular evolution to leave niches that were stable in terms of oxygen concentrations for those where oxygen fluctuates. Since oxygen fluctuates in most settings on Earth's surface, the ancestral niche would have been a deep marine setting. The hypothesis that 'large life' depends on harnessing hypoxia is illustrated in the context of conditions that promote the immature cell phenotype (stemness) in animal physiology and tumour biology and offers one explanation for the general rarity of diverse multicellularity over most of Earth's history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma U Hammarlund
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Scheelevägen 2, Medicon Village Building 404, 223 81 Lund, Sweden.,Department of Geology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
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21
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Metabolic Pathways That Control Skin Homeostasis and Inflammation. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:975-986. [PMID: 32371170 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Keratinocytes and skin immune cells are actively metabolizing nutrients present in their microenvironment. This is particularly important in common chronic inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, characterized by hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and expansion of inflammatory cells, thus suggesting increased cell nutritional requirements. Proliferating inflammatory cells and keratinocytes express high levels of glucose transporter (GLUT)1, l-type amino acid transporter (LAT)1, and cationic amino acid transporters (CATs). Main metabolic regulators such as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, MYC, and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) control immune cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine release. Here, we provide an updated perspective regarding the potential role of nutrient transporters and metabolic pathways that could be common to immune cells and keratinocytes, to control psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.
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22
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Furukawa M, Yamada K, Kurosawa M, Shikama Y, Wang J, Watanabe M, Kanekura T, Matsushita K. High concentration of glucose induces filaggrin-1 expression through AP-1 in skin keratinocytes. J Dermatol Sci 2020; 98:137-140. [PMID: 32336501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masae Furukawa
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Yamada
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Longevity Oral Science, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Mie Kurosawa
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Yosuke Shikama
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Jingshu Wang
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Maki Watanabe
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Takuro Kanekura
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Longevity Oral Science, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | - Kenji Matsushita
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.
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Hypoxia inhibits TNF-α-induced TSLP expression in keratinocytes. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224705. [PMID: 31682627 PMCID: PMC6827910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), a cytokine which greatly contributes to the induction of type I allergy, is upregulated in chronic inflammation such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. As hypoxia in the epidermis is important for maintaining skin homeostasis, we examined the regulation of TSLP expression by hypoxic conditions in normal skin epithelial tissues. TNF-α-induced expression of TSLP in human keratinocyte HaCaT and in mouse keratinocyte PAM212 cell lines were inhibited under hypoxic condition (1% O2), although the mRNA expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and VEGF-A were not inhibited. Hypoxia-mimicking conditions, which include NiCl2, CoCl2, and DMOG, an inhibitor of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent enzymes, also selectively inhibited TNF-α-induced TSLP expression. These results suggested that inactivation of prolyl hydroxylase by hypoxia and hypoxia-mimicking conditions is involved in the repression of TNF-α-induced TSLP expression. Interestingly, the inhibition of TSLP production by hypoxic treatment was significantly reversed by treatment with the HIF-2α antagonist but not with the HIF-1α inhibitor. DMOG-induced inhibition of TSLP promoter activity was dependent on the -71 to +185 bp promoter region, suggesting that the binding of HIF-2 to hypoxia response element (HRE) in this region repressed the TSLP expression. These results indicated that hypoxia and hypoxia-mimicking conditions inhibited TSLP expression via HIF-2 and HRE-dependent mechanisms. Therefore, PHD and HIF-2α could be a new strategy for treatment of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.
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Jørgensen E, Pirone A, Jacobsen S, Miragliotta V. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and keratinocyte differentiation in equine experimental body and limb wounds healing by second intention. Vet Dermatol 2019; 30:417-e126. [PMID: 31328349 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The re-epithelialization process in equine wound healing is incompletely described. For epithelial cells to migrate during embryogenesis they undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT); this phenotypic transition occurs during wound healing in humans and rodents, but it has not been investigated in horses. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To investigate keratinocyte differentiation and EMT in equine experimental excisional limb and body wounds healing by second intention. ANIMALS Six adult research horses. METHODS AND MATERIALS Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect expression of the differentiation markers cytokeratin (CK)10, CK14, loricrin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α), and of the EMT markers E-cadherin and N-cadherin in normal limb and body skin, and biopsies from limb and body wounds. RESULTS Loricrin and CK10 were expressed in normal skin and periwound skin but not in migrating epithelium of body and limb wounds. However, they reappeared at the migrating epithelial tip of body wounds only. CK14 and PPAR-α had uniform distribution throughout the migrating epithelium. N-cadherin was not expressed in normal unwounded skin but was detected in periwound skin adjacent to the wound margin. E-cadherin expression decreased at the wound margin. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Presence of N-cadherin suggests that cadherin switching occurred during wound healing, this may be an indication that EMT occurs in horses. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this has never been described in horses before and warrants further investigation to assess the clinical implications. The tip of the migrating epithelium in body wounds appeared more differentiated than limb wounds, which could be part of the explanation for the superior healing of body wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Jørgensen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Agrovej 8, DK-2630, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Andrea Pirone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stine Jacobsen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Agrovej 8, DK-2630, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Vincenzo Miragliotta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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25
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Human skin equivalents cultured under hypoxia display enhanced epidermal morphogenesis and lipid barrier formation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7811. [PMID: 31127151 PMCID: PMC6534609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44204-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skin equivalents (HSEs) are three-dimensional cell models mimicking characteristics of native human skin (NHS) in many aspects. However, a limitation of HSEs is the altered in vitro morphogenesis and barrier formation. Differences between in vitro and in vivo skin could have been induced by suboptimal cell culture conditions, of which the level of oxygen in vitro (20%) is much higher than in vivo (0.5-8%). Our aim is to study how external oxygen levels affect epidermal morphogenesis and barrier formation in HSEs. In the present study, fibroblast and keratinocyte monocultures, and HSEs were generated under 20% (normoxia) and 3% (hypoxia) oxygen level. In all cultures under hypoxia, expression of hypoxia-inducible factor target genes was increased. Characterization of HSEs generated under hypoxia using immunohistochemical analyses of morphogenesis biomarkers revealed a reduction in epidermal thickness, reduced proliferation, similar early differentiation, and an attenuated terminal differentiation program compared to normoxia, better mimicking NHS. The stratum corneum ceramide composition was studied with liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Under hypoxia, HSEs exhibited a ceramide composition that more closely resembles that of NHS. Consequently, the lipid organization was improved. In conclusion, epidermal morphogenesis and barrier formation in HSEs reconstructed under hypoxia better mimics that of NHS.
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26
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Mahfouf W, Hosseini M, Muzotte E, Serrano-Sanchez M, Dousset L, Moisan F, Rachidi W, Taieb A, Rudolf J, Rezvani HR. Loss of Epidermal HIF-1α Blocks UVB-Induced Tumorigenesis by Affecting DNA Repair Capacity and Oxidative Stress. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:2016-2028.e7. [PMID: 30878676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
HIF-1α is constitutively expressed in mouse and human epidermis. It plays a crucial role in skin physiology, including the response of keratinocytes to UVR. However, little information is available about its role in photocarcinogenesis. Using a multistage model of UVB radiation-induced skin cancer, we show that the knockout of Hif-1α in the epidermis prevents tumorigenesis but at the same time triggers the formation of hyperkeratotic plaques. Our results indicate that the absence of oncogenic transformation in Hif-1α-ablated mice is related to increased DNA repair in keratinocytes, whereas the formation of hyperkeratotic plaques is caused by an increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species. Indeed, impairing the DNA repair machinery by ablating xeroderma pigmentosum C restored the UVB-induced neoplastic transformation of Hif-1α-ablated keratinocytes, whereas the development of hyperkeratotic plaques was blocked by chronic antioxidant treatment. We conclude that HIF-1α plays a procarcinogenic role in UVB-induced tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Mahfouf
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Biothérapie des Maladies Génétiques Inflammatoires et Cancers, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mohsen Hosseini
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Biothérapie des Maladies Génétiques Inflammatoires et Cancers, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Elodie Muzotte
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Biothérapie des Maladies Génétiques Inflammatoires et Cancers, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Martin Serrano-Sanchez
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Biothérapie des Maladies Génétiques Inflammatoires et Cancers, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Lea Dousset
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Biothérapie des Maladies Génétiques Inflammatoires et Cancers, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - François Moisan
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Biothérapie des Maladies Génétiques Inflammatoires et Cancers, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Walid Rachidi
- Nucleic Acids Lesions Laboratory, Service de Chimie Inorganique et Biologique/Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - Alain Taieb
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Biothérapie des Maladies Génétiques Inflammatoires et Cancers, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Rares de la Peau, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, France; Département de Dermatologie & Dermatologie Pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, France
| | - Jana Rudolf
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Biothérapie des Maladies Génétiques Inflammatoires et Cancers, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Hamid Reza Rezvani
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Biothérapie des Maladies Génétiques Inflammatoires et Cancers, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Rares de la Peau, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, France.
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27
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Yuki K, Kawano S, Mori S, Murase T. Facial application of high-concentration carbon dioxide prevents epidermal impairment associated with environmental changes. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2019; 12:63-69. [PMID: 30666144 PMCID: PMC6330978 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s183764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The transdermal application of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas dissolved in a solution and bathing in carbonated springs have been known to improve circulatory disorders. We aimed to elucidate and profile the effects of CO2 application on local skin function. Patients and methods A liquid formulation that included high-concentration CO2 or a control formulation was applied to the face of healthy men for 8 weeks. Quantitative analysis was performed during the dry winter months. Results At the site where the control formulation was applied, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) increased while the moisturizing function (conductance) of facial skin decreased during the study period. However, at the CO2-treated site, increases in TEWL and decreases in conductance were significantly suppressed. In addition, the deterioration in scaliness and wrinkles parameters were suppressed by ≥40% at the CO2-treated site. There were no significant differences in skin surface pH or color properties between the control and test sites. Conclusion This study suggests that the continuous application of a high-concentration CO2 formulation can affect skin physiology and has the potential to suppress reductions in the barrier and moisturizing functions of the stratum corneum accompanied by desquamation, which occurs during the winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyuki Yuki
- Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi, Japan,
| | - Sawako Kawano
- Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi, Japan,
| | - Shinobu Mori
- Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi, Japan,
| | - Takatoshi Murase
- Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi, Japan,
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28
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Lin N, Shay JES, Xie H, Lee DSM, Skuli N, Tang Q, Zhou Z, Azzam A, Meng H, Wang H, FitzGerald GA, Simon MC. Myeloid Cell Hypoxia-Inducible Factors Promote Resolution of Inflammation in Experimental Colitis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2565. [PMID: 30455703 PMCID: PMC6230677 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonic tissues in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients exhibit oxygen deprivation and activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and 2α (HIF-1α and HIF-2α), which mediate cellular adaptation to hypoxic stress. Notably, macrophages and neutrophils accumulate preferentially in hypoxic regions of the inflamed colon, suggesting that myeloid cell functions in colitis are HIF-dependent. By depleting ARNT (the obligate heterodimeric binding partner for both HIFα subunits) in a murine model, we demonstrate here that myeloid HIF signaling promotes the resolution of acute colitis. Specifically, myeloid pan-HIF deficiency exacerbates infiltration of pro-inflammatory neutrophils and Ly6C+ monocytic cells into diseased tissue. Myeloid HIF ablation also hinders macrophage functional conversion to a protective, pro-resolving phenotype, and elevates gut serum amyloid A levels during the resolution phase of colitis. Therefore, myeloid cell HIF signaling is required for efficient resolution of inflammatory damage in colitis, implicating serum amyloid A in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Lin
- Perelman School of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jessica E S Shay
- Perelman School of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Xie
- Perelman School of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - David S M Lee
- Perelman School of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nicolas Skuli
- Perelman School of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Qiaosi Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Zilu Zhou
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Andrew Azzam
- Perelman School of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hu Meng
- Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Haichao Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, United States.,The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Garret A FitzGerald
- Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Perelman School of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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29
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Refined control of cell stemness allowed animal evolution in the oxic realm. Nat Ecol Evol 2018; 2:220-228. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-017-0410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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30
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Wickersham M, Wachtel S, Wong Fok Lung T, Soong G, Jacquet R, Richardson A, Parker D, Prince A. Metabolic Stress Drives Keratinocyte Defenses against Staphylococcus aureus Infection. Cell Rep 2017; 18:2742-2751. [PMID: 28297676 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skin is commonly colonized and infected by Staphylococcus aureus. Exactly how these organisms are sensed by keratinocytes has not been clearly delineated. Using a combination of metabolic and transcriptomic methodologies, we found that S. aureus infection is sensed as a metabolic stress by the hypoxic keratinocytes. This induces HIF1α signaling, which promotes IL-1β production and stimulates aerobic glycolysis to meet the metabolic requirements of infection. We demonstrate that staphylococci capable of glycolysis, including WT and agr mutants, readily induce HIF1α responses. In contrast, Δpyk glycolytic mutants fail to compete with keratinocytes for their metabolic needs. Suppression of glycolysis using 2-DG blocked keratinocyte production of IL-1β in vitro and significantly exacerbated the S. aureus cutaneous infection in a murine model. Our data suggest that S. aureus impose a metabolic stress on keratinocytes that initiates signaling necessary to promote both glycolysis and the proinflammatory response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Wickersham
- Deparment of Pediatrics, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sarah Wachtel
- Deparment of Pediatrics, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tania Wong Fok Lung
- Deparment of Pediatrics, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Grace Soong
- Deparment of Pediatrics, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rudy Jacquet
- Deparment of Pediatrics, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Anthony Richardson
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Dane Parker
- Deparment of Pediatrics, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alice Prince
- Deparment of Pediatrics, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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31
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Gogler-Pigłowska A, Klarzyńska K, Sojka DR, Habryka A, Głowala-Kosińska M, Herok M, Kryj M, Halczok M, Krawczyk Z, Scieglinska D. Novel role for the testis-enriched HSPA2 protein in regulating epidermal keratinocyte differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2629-2644. [PMID: 28786487 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
HSPA2, a poorly characterized member of the HSPA (HSP70) chaperone family, is a testis-enriched protein involved in male germ cell differentiation. Previously, we revealed that HSPA2 is present in human stratified epithelia, including epidermis, however the contribution of this protein to epithelial biology remained unknown. Here, we show for the first time that HSPA2 is expressed in basal epidermal keratinocytes, albeit not in keratinocytes exhibiting features attributed to primitive undifferentiated progenitors, and participates in the keratinocyte differentiation process. We found that HSPA2 is dispensable for protection of HaCaT keratinocytes against heat shock-induced cytotoxicity. We also shown that lentiviral-mediated shRNA silencing of HSPA2 expression in HaCaT cells caused a set of phenotypic changes characteristic for keratinocytes committed to terminal differentiation such as reduced clonogenic potential, impaired adhesiveness and increased basal and confluency-induced expression of differentiation markers. Moreover, the fraction of undifferentiated cells that rapidly adhered to collagen IV was less numerous in HSPA2-deficient cells than in the control. In a 3D reconstructed human epidermis model, HSPA2 deficiency resulted in accelerated development of a filaggrin-positive layer. Collectively, our results clearly show a link between HSPA2 expression and maintenance of keratinocytes in an undifferentiated state in the basal layer of the epidermis. It seems that HSPA2 could retain keratinocytes from premature entry into the terminal differentiation process. Overall, HSPA2 appears to be necessary for controlling development of properly stratified epidermis and thus for maintenance of skin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gogler-Pigłowska
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Klarzyńska
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Damian R Sojka
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Anna Habryka
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Głowala-Kosińska
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marcin Herok
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland.,International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kryj
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Monika Halczok
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Zdzisław Krawczyk
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Dorota Scieglinska
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
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32
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Jin T, Park KY, Seo SJ. Adiponectin Upregulates Filaggrin Expression via SIRT1-Mediated Signaling in Human Normal Keratinocytes. Ann Dermatol 2017; 29:407-413. [PMID: 28761287 PMCID: PMC5500704 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2017.29.4.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Filaggrin (FLG) is the major component of the epidermal granular layer and binds to and condenses the keratin cytoskeleton. FLG thus contributes to cell compaction and serves as a natural moisturizing factor by promoting unfolding and degradation into hygroscopic amino acids. Loss or downregulation of FLG has been shown to result in a weak stratum corneum, which causes water loss and increases the possibility of skin barrier-related seizure. Adiponectin (Acrp30) contributes to the functional recovery of somatic cells, including human normal epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). Objective To investigate the effect of Acrp30 in FLG expression and identifying its signal transduction mechanism. Methods Normal human keratinocytes were treated with Acrp30 and the levels of FLG were examined. Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog (SIRT)-targeting siRNA and aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT)-targeting siRNA were used to identify the role of various signal transduction pathway components. Results Acrp30 upregulated SIRT1 and ARNT expression in NHEKs, resulting in increased FLG expression. Treatment with both SIRT1-targeting siRNA and ARNT-targeting siRNA blocked Acrp30 stimulation and silenced FLG expression. Conclusion Adiponectin upregulates FLG expression through a SIRT1-mediated pathway. Our results suggest that Acrp30 is a promising agent for skin barrier permeability improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewon Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kui Young Park
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Jun Seo
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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33
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Li H, Zhou L, Dai J. Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor RORα regulates differentiation and survival of keratinocytes during hypoxia. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:641-650. [PMID: 28332183 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Low O2 pressures present in the microenvironment of epidermis control keratinocyte differentiation and epidermal barrier function through hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) dependent gene expression. This study focuses on investigating relations of the retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor alpha (RORα) to HIF-1α in keratinocytes under hypoxic conditions. The expression level of RORα is significantly elevated under hypoxia in both human and murine keratinocytes. Gene silencing of RORA attenuates hypoxia-stimulated expression of genes related to late differentiation and epidermal barrier function, and leads to an enhanced apoptotic response. While the hypoxic induction of RORα is dependent on HIF-1α, RORα is in turn critical for nuclear accumulation of HIF-1α and activation of HIF transcriptional activity. These results collectively suggest that RORα functions as an important mediator of HIF-1α activities in regulating keratinocyte differentiation/survival and epidermal barrier function during the oxygen sensing stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Longjian Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Jun Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
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34
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Zaniboni MC, Samorano LP, Orfali RL, Aoki V. Skin barrier in atopic dermatitis: beyond filaggrin. An Bras Dermatol 2017; 91:472-8. [PMID: 27579743 PMCID: PMC4999106 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20164412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a complex
pathogenesis, where changes in skin barrier and imbalance of the immune system
are relevant factors. The skin forms a mechanic and immune barrier, regulating
water loss from the internal to the external environment, and protecting the
individual from external aggressions, such as microorganisms, ultraviolet
radiation and physical trauma. Main components of the skin barrier are located
in the outer layers of the epidermis (such as filaggrin), the proteins that form
the tight junction (TJ) and components of the innate immune system. Recent data
involving skin barrier reveal new information regarding its structure and its
role in the mechanic-immunological defense; atopic dermatitis (AD) is an example
of a disease related to dysfunctions associated with this complex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Valéria Aoki
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP) - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
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35
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Tang D, Yan T, Zhang J, Jiang X, Zhang D, Huang Y. Notch1 Signaling Contributes to Hypoxia-induced High Expression of Integrin β1 in Keratinocyte Migration. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43926. [PMID: 28266574 PMCID: PMC5339698 DOI: 10.1038/srep43926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen tension is an important micro-environmental factor that affects epidermal development and function. After injury, high oxygen consumption and vascular injury result in partial hypoxia. However, whether hypoxia benefits or hurts wound healing remains controversial. In this study, a tissue oxygen tension monitor was used to detect the spatial and temporal distribution of oxygen in burn wounds. In vitro, we demonstrate that hypoxia promoted the expression of integrin β1 and the migration of keratinocytes. Furthermore, hypoxia-induced migration was slowed by Notch1 ligands and a siRNA against ITGB1 (integrin β1). Our findings suggest that integrin β1 may be an oxygen-sensitive molecule that promotes keratinocyte migration during wound healing and that Notch1 signaling is involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Tang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tiantian Yan
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xupin Jiang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongxia Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuesheng Huang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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36
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Generation of metastatic melanoma specific antibodies by affinity purification. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37253. [PMID: 27853253 PMCID: PMC5112778 DOI: 10.1038/srep37253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer and one of the most frequent tumours in young adults. Identification of primary tumours prone to develop metastasis is of paramount importance for further patient stratification. However, till today, no markers exist that are routinely used to predict melanoma progression. To ameliorate this problem, we generated antiserum directed against metastatic melanoma tissue lysate and applied a novel approach to purify the obtained serum via consecutive affinity chromatography steps. The established antibody, termed MHA-3, showed high reactivity against metastatic melanoma cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. We also tested MHA-3 on 227 melanoma patient samples and compared staining with the melanoma marker S100b. Importantly, MHA-3 was able to differentiate between metastatic and non-metastatic melanoma samples. By proteome analysis we identified 18 distinct antigens bound by MHA-3. Combined expression profiling of all identified proteins revealed a significant survival difference in melanoma patients. In conclusion, we developed a polyclonal antibody, which is able to detect metastatic melanoma on paraffin embedded sections. Hence, we propose that this antibody will represent a valuable additional tool for precise melanoma diagnosis.
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37
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Yagi LH, Watanuki LM, Isaac C, Gemperli R, Nakamura YM, Ladeira PRS. Human fetal wound healing: a review of molecular and cellular aspects. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00238-016-1201-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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38
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Hamanaka RB, Weinberg SE, Reczek CR, Chandel NS. The Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Is Required for Organismal Adaptation to Hypoxia. Cell Rep 2016; 15:451-459. [PMID: 27068470 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are crucial for cellular and organismal adaptation to hypoxia. The mitochondrial respiratory chain is the largest consumer of oxygen in most mammalian cells; however, it is unknown whether the respiratory chain is necessary for in vivo activation of HIFs and organismal adaptation to hypoxia. HIF-1 activation in the epidermis has been shown to be a key regulator of the organismal response to hypoxic conditions, including renal production of erythropoietin (Epo). Therefore, we conditionally deleted expression of TFAM in mouse epidermal keratinocytes. TFAM is required for maintenance of the mitochondrial genome, and TFAM-null cells are respiratory deficient. TFAM loss in epidermal keratinocytes reduced epidermal levels of HIF-1α protein and diminished the hypoxic induction of HIF-dependent transcription in epidermis. Furthermore, epidermal TFAM deficiency impaired hypoxic induction of renal Epo expression. Our results demonstrate that the mitochondrial respiratory chain is essential for in vivo HIF activation and organismal adaptation to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Hamanaka
- Department of Medicine, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Samuel E Weinberg
- Department of Medicine, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Colleen R Reczek
- Department of Medicine, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Department of Medicine, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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39
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Hypoxia leads to abnormal epidermal differentiation via HIF-independent pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 469:251-6. [PMID: 26646290 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.11.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric oxygen is important for the epidermis, as the skin epidermis is not greatly affected by blood circulation. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the effect of hypoxic signals on the epidermis as some environmental stimuli can induce skin hypoxia. Here, we investigated how hypoxia (1% O2) affected skin equivalents (SEs) and normal human epidermal keratinocytes. We found that hypoxia specifically decreased the protein levels of keratin 1 (K1)/keratin 10 (K10), a representative marker of the epidermal spinous layer in the epidermis. However, hypoxia-inducible factors, the major regulators of hypoxia, did not affect hypoxia-induced down-regulation of K1/K10. We also found that N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), a reactive oxygen species scavenger, antagonized the hypoxia-induced reduction of K1/K10 in keratinocytes and SEs. In contrast to the findings for NAC, inhibitors that blocked reactive oxygen species generation did not cause recovery of K1/K10 protein levels under hypoxic conditions. Taken together, these results indicate that hypoxia leads to abnormal keratinocyte differentiation by down-regulating K1/K10 and that this phenomenon can be ameliorated by NAC.
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40
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Abstract
The epidermis is a relatively hypoxic tissue, despite being continually exposed to air. The role of hypoxia in epidermal differentiation and skin barrier function is incompletely understood. In this issue, Wong et al. show that hypoxia-inducible factors are central to the processes of epidermal differentiation and barrier formation, in particular by promoting the expression of the key skin barrier protein filaggrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan F L O'Shaughnessy
- Livingstone Skin Research Centre, Dermatology and Immunobiology, UCL institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Sara J Brown
- Centre for Dermatology and Genetic Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
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