1
|
Rogner D, Heimerl L, Biedermann T, Sattler E, Zink A. Unmet Needs in Darier's Disease from a Patient's Perspective: Lessons Learnt from the German Registry. Acta Derm Venereol 2024; 104:adv19663. [PMID: 38860622 PMCID: PMC11181922 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v104.19663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The MDHHgermany registry was initiated to characterize the "real-life" situation of affected individuals with Darier's disease (DD; Morbus Darier, MD) and Hailey-Hailey disease (HH), including their treatment and healthcare. To gain deeper insights into medical care of patients with DD, various aspects such as demographics, subjective symptoms, patient satisfaction with medical care, past and current therapies were explored. Patients with diagnosed DD were included. Subjective symptoms such as itch, pain and burning sensation were assessed. Individual therapy goals were recorded and patients assessed previous/current therapies along with satisfaction of medical care and treatment. A total of 55 patients were recruited; 47 patients were eligible for the analysis. Pruritus was rated the most bothersome symptom. Some 42.6% had not received systemic treatment so far or systemic therapies were rated ineffective (32.6%). Most commonly oral retinoids were prescribed, followed by corticosteroids. Patient satisfaction with medical care and treatment proved to be mediocre. This "real-life" data show an alarming unmet need regarding patients' satisfaction with medical care and treatment, evidenced by the reported lack of disease control. Further studies and interventions are needed to improve the spectrum of available therapies. MDHHgermany provides a foundational platform for future clinical trials, epidemiological studies, and pathophysiological analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Rogner
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE) Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Heimerl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tilo Biedermann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elke Sattler
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Zink
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Atzmony L, Zagairy F, Mawassi B, Shehade M, Tatour Y, Danial-Farran N, Khayat M, Warrour N, Dodiuk-Gad R, Cohen-Barak E. Persistent Cutaneous Lesions of Darier Disease and Second-Hit Somatic Variants in ATP2A2 Gene. JAMA Dermatol 2024; 160:518-524. [PMID: 38536168 PMCID: PMC10974685 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2024.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Importance Darier disease (DD) is a rare genetic skin disorder caused by heterozygous variants in the ATP2A2 gene. Clinical manifestations include recurrent hyperkeratotic papules and plaques that occur mainly in seborrheic areas. Although some of the lesions wax and wane in response to environmental factors, others are severe and respond poorly to therapy. Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the persistency of skin lesions in DD. Design, Setting, and Participants In this case series, DNA was extracted from unaffected skin, transient and persistent lesional skin, and blood from 9 patients with DD. Genetic analysis was used using paired-whole exome sequencing of affected skin and blood or by deep sequencing of ATP2A2 of affected skin. Chromosomal microarray analysis was used to reveal copy number variants and loss of heterozygosity. All variants were validated by Sanger sequencing or restriction fragment length polymorphism. Interventions or Exposures Paired whole-exome sequencing and deep sequencing of ATP2A2 gene from blood and skin samples isolated from persistent, transient lesions and unaffected skin in patients with DD. Main Outcomes and Measures Germline and somatic genomic characteristics of persistent and transient cutaneous lesions in DD. Results Of 9 patients with DD, all had heterozygous pathogenic germline variants in the ATP2A2 gene, 6 were female. Participant age ranged from 40 to 69 years on enrollment. All 11 persistent skin lesions were associated with second-hit somatic variants in the ATP2A2 gene. The somatic variants were classified as highly deleterious via combined annotation-dependent depletion (CADD) scores or affect splicing, and 3 of them had been previously described in patients with DD and acrokeratosis verruciformis of Hopf. Second-hit variants in the ATP2A2 gene were not identified in the transient lesions (n = 2) or the normal skin (n = 2). Conclusions and Relevance In this study, persistent DD lesions were associated with the presence of second-hit somatic variants in the ATP2A2 gene. Identification of these second-hit variants offers valuable insight into the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the lasting nature of persistent DD lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihi Atzmony
- Division of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Fadia Zagairy
- Department of Dermatology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Banan Mawassi
- Department of Dermatology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Majd Shehade
- Bruce and Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yasmin Tatour
- The Genetic Institute, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | | | - Morad Khayat
- The Genetic Institute, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Nassim Warrour
- The Genetic Institute, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Roni Dodiuk-Gad
- Department of Dermatology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- Bruce and Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eran Cohen-Barak
- Department of Dermatology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- Bruce and Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Caoimhe D, Wood B, Foster R, Ricciardo B. Mosaic Darier disease flaring following allogeneic stem cell transplant. Australas J Dermatol 2024; 65:221-223. [PMID: 38225856 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.14202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Dalton Caoimhe
- Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Rachael Foster
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kurzeja M, Rakowska A, Jasinska M, Warszawik-Hendzel O, Olszewska M, Rudnicka L. Dermoscopy as a Noninvasive Diagnostic Tool for Hailey-Hailey Disease and Darier Disease. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2023; 13:2345-2355. [PMID: 37668900 PMCID: PMC10539227 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-023-01009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD) and Darier disease (DD) are rare genetic disorders for which differential diagnosis, especially in less obvious cases, can be difficult. The diagnosis is based on the clinical picture and family history, and is confirmed by histopathologic examination. Dermoscopy is a noninvasive technique that is primarily used at the present time to diagnose skin cancers. However, in the past few years this technique has also been increasingly used as a noninvasive diagnostic tool of inflammatory skin diseases. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether dermoscopy is a useful noninvasive diagnostic tool for HHD and DD. METHODS We performed an observational retrospective case series study involving 13 patients with HHD (n = 8) and DD (n = 5). The presence or absence of standardized dermoscopic features of inflammatory diseases (according to International Dermoscopy Society [IDS] guidelines) was assessed in these patients. RESULTS The most distinctive feature of HHD was white clouds separated by pink furrows, visible in all cases (8/8; 100.0%). Another distinctive clue of HHD was the crumbled fabric pattern seen in six patients with HHD (6/8; 75.0%). These dermoscopic findings were not present in patients with DD. The most typical features of DD in the dermoscopic examination was star-like or oval-shaped yellow areas surrounded by whitish halo, visible in all patients (5/5; 100.0%). Another distinctive dermoscopic clue of DD was pinkish homogeneous structureless background, which was present in all patients (5/5, 100.0%). These latter two features were not observed in patients with HHD. CONCLUSION Dermoscopy reveals distinctive features of HHD and DD, respectively. Therefore, we conclude that dermoscopy can be an excellent complementary noninvasive tool in the diagnostic process of patients with HHD and DD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kurzeja
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Koszykowa 82a, 02-005, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adriana Rakowska
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Koszykowa 82a, 02-005, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Jasinska
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Koszykowa 82a, 02-005, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Warszawik-Hendzel
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Koszykowa 82a, 02-005, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Olszewska
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Koszykowa 82a, 02-005, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Rudnicka
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Koszykowa 82a, 02-005, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zaver SA, Sarkar MK, Egolf S, Zou J, Tiwaa A, Capell BC, Gudjonsson JE, Simpson CL. Targeting SERCA2 in organotypic epidermis reveals MEK inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for Darier disease. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e170739. [PMID: 37561594 PMCID: PMC10561730 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.170739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutation of the ATP2A2 gene encoding sarco-endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 (SERCA2) was linked to Darier disease more than 2 decades ago; however, there remain no targeted therapies for this disorder causing recurrent skin blistering and infections. Since Atp2a2-knockout mice do not phenocopy its pathology, we established a human tissue model of Darier disease to elucidate its pathogenesis and identify potential therapies. Leveraging CRISPR/Cas9, we generated human keratinocytes lacking SERCA2, which replicated features of Darier disease, including weakened intercellular adhesion and defective differentiation in organotypic epidermis. To identify pathogenic drivers downstream of SERCA2 depletion, we performed RNA sequencing and proteomics analysis. SERCA2-deficient keratinocytes lacked desmosomal and cytoskeletal proteins required for epidermal integrity and exhibited excess MAPK signaling, which modulates keratinocyte adhesion and differentiation. Immunostaining patient biopsies substantiated these findings, with lesions showing keratin deficiency, cadherin mislocalization, and ERK hyperphosphorylation. Dampening ERK activity with MEK inhibitors rescued adhesive protein expression and restored keratinocyte sheet integrity despite SERCA2 depletion or chemical inhibition. In sum, coupling multiomic analysis with human organotypic epidermis as a preclinical model, we found that SERCA2 haploinsufficiency disrupts critical adhesive components in keratinocytes via ERK signaling and identified MEK inhibition as a treatment strategy for Darier disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivam A. Zaver
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, and
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mrinal K. Sarkar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Shaun Egolf
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jonathan Zou
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Afua Tiwaa
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Brian C. Capell
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Cory L. Simpson
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, and
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Roth-Carter QR, Burks HE, Ren Z, Koetsier JL, Tsoi LC, Harms PW, Xing X, Kirma J, Harmon RM, Godsel LM, Perl AL, Gudjonsson JE, Green KJ. Transcriptional profiling of rare acantholytic disorders suggests common mechanisms of pathogenesis. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e168955. [PMID: 37471166 PMCID: PMC10543711 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Darier, Hailey-Hailey, and Grover diseases are rare acantholytic skin diseases. While these diseases have different underlying causes, they share defects in cell-cell adhesion in the epidermis and desmosome organization. To better understand the underlying mechanisms leading to disease in these conditions, we performed RNA-seq on lesional skin samples from patients. The transcriptomic profiles of Darier, Hailey-Hailey, and Grover diseases were found to share a remarkable overlap, which did not extend to other common inflammatory skin diseases. Analysis of enriched pathways showed a shared increase in keratinocyte differentiation, and a decrease in cell adhesion and actin organization pathways in Darier, Hailey-Hailey, and Grover diseases. Direct comparison to atopic dermatitis and psoriasis showed that the downregulation in actin organization pathways was a unique feature in the acantholytic skin diseases. Furthermore, upstream regulator analysis suggested that a decrease in SRF/MRTF activity was responsible for the downregulation of actin organization pathways. Staining for MRTFA in lesional skin samples showed a decrease in nuclear MRTFA in patient skin compared with normal skin. These findings highlight the significant level of similarity in the transcriptome of Darier, Hailey-Hailey, and Grover diseases, and identify decreases in actin organization pathways as a unique signature present in these conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ziyou Ren
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Lam C. Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics
- Department of Biostatistics, and
| | - Paul W. Harms
- Department of Dermatology
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lisa M. Godsel
- Department of Pathology, and
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Kathleen J. Green
- Department of Pathology, and
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bharathan NK, Giang W, Hoffman CL, Aaron JS, Khuon S, Chew TL, Preibisch S, Trautman ET, Heinrich L, Bogovic J, Bennett D, Ackerman D, Park W, Petruncio A, Weigel AV, Saalfeld S, Wayne Vogl A, Stahley SN, Kowalczyk AP. Architecture and dynamics of a desmosome-endoplasmic reticulum complex. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:823-835. [PMID: 37291267 PMCID: PMC10960982 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01154-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms a dynamic network that contacts other cellular membranes to regulate stress responses, calcium signalling and lipid transfer. Here, using high-resolution volume electron microscopy, we find that the ER forms a previously unknown association with keratin intermediate filaments and desmosomal cell-cell junctions. Peripheral ER assembles into mirror image-like arrangements at desmosomes and exhibits nanometre proximity to keratin filaments and the desmosome cytoplasmic plaque. ER tubules exhibit stable associations with desmosomes, and perturbation of desmosomes or keratin filaments alters ER organization, mobility and expression of ER stress transcripts. These findings indicate that desmosomes and the keratin cytoskeleton regulate the distribution, function and dynamics of the ER network. Overall, this study reveals a previously unknown subcellular architecture defined by the structural integration of ER tubules with an epithelial intercellular junction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navaneetha Krishnan Bharathan
- Departments of Dermatology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - William Giang
- Departments of Dermatology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Coryn L Hoffman
- Departments of Dermatology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jesse S Aaron
- Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Satya Khuon
- Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Teng-Leong Chew
- Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Stephan Preibisch
- Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Eric T Trautman
- Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Larissa Heinrich
- Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - John Bogovic
- Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Davis Bennett
- Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - David Ackerman
- Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Woohyun Park
- Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Alyson Petruncio
- Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Aubrey V Weigel
- Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Stephan Saalfeld
- Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - A Wayne Vogl
- Life Sciences Institute and the Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sara N Stahley
- Departments of Dermatology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Andrew P Kowalczyk
- Departments of Dermatology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Smith CJ, Williams JL, Hall C, Casas J, Caley MP, O'Toole EA, Prasad R, Metherell LA. Ichthyosis linked to sphingosine 1-phosphate lyase insufficiency is due to aberrant sphingolipid and calcium regulation. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100351. [PMID: 36868360 PMCID: PMC10123262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate lyase (SGPL1) insufficiency (SPLIS) is a syndrome which presents with adrenal insufficiency, steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, hypothyroidism, neurological disease, and ichthyosis. Where a skin phenotype is reported, 94% had abnormalities such as ichthyosis, acanthosis, and hyperpigmentation. To elucidate the disease mechanism and the role SGPL1 plays in the skin barrier we established clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas9 SGPL1 KO and a lentiviral-induced SGPL1 overexpression (OE) in telomerase reverse-transcriptase immortalised human keratinocytes (N/TERT-1) and thereafter organotypic skin equivalents. Loss of SGPL1 caused an accumulation of S1P, sphingosine, and ceramides, while its overexpression caused a reduction of these species. RNAseq analysis showed perturbations in sphingolipid pathway genes, particularly in SGPL1_KO, and our gene set enrichment analysis revealed polar opposite differential gene expression between SGPL1_KO and _OE in keratinocyte differentiation and Ca2+ signaling genesets. SGPL1_KO upregulated differentiation markers, while SGPL1_OE upregulated basal and proliferative markers. The advanced differentiation of SGPL1_KO was confirmed by 3D organotypic models that also presented with a thickened and retained stratum corneum and a breakdown of E-cadherin junctions. We conclude that SPLIS associated ichthyosis is a multifaceted disease caused possibly by sphingolipid imbalance and excessive S1P signaling, leading to increased differentiation and an imbalance of the lipid lamellae throughout the epidermis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Smith
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Jack L Williams
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Hall
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Josefina Casas
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre (CIBEREHD), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matthew P Caley
- Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edel A O'Toole
- Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rathi Prasad
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise A Metherell
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zaver SA, Sarkar MK, Egolf S, Zou J, Tiwaa A, Capell BC, Gudjonsson JE, Simpson CL. Targeting SERCA2 in organotypic epidermis reveals MEK inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for Darier disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.07.531620. [PMID: 36945477 PMCID: PMC10028894 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.07.531620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Mutation of the ATP2A2 gene encoding sarco-endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 (SERCA2) was linked to Darier disease more than two decades ago; however, there remain no targeted therapies for this disorder causing recurrent skin blistering and infections. Since Atp2a2 knockout mice do not phenocopy its pathology, we established a human tissue model of Darier disease to elucidate its pathogenesis and identify potential therapies. Leveraging CRISPR/Cas9, we generated human keratinocytes lacking SERCA2, which replicated features of Darier disease, including weakened intercellular adhesion and defective differentiation in organotypic epidermis. To identify pathogenic drivers downstream of SERCA2 depletion, we performed RNA sequencing and proteomic analysis. SERCA2-deficient keratinocytes lacked desmosomal and cytoskeletal proteins required for epidermal integrity and exhibited excess MAP kinase signaling, which modulates keratinocyte adhesion and differentiation. Immunostaining patient biopsies substantiated these findings with lesions showing keratin deficiency, cadherin mis-localization, and ERK hyper-phosphorylation. Dampening ERK activity with MEK inhibitors rescued adhesive protein expression and restored keratinocyte sheet integrity despite SERCA2 depletion or chemical inhibition. In sum, coupling multi-omic analysis with human organotypic epidermis as a pre-clinical model, we found that SERCA2 haploinsufficiency disrupts critical adhesive components in keratinocytes via ERK signaling and identified MEK inhibition as a treatment strategy for Darier disease.
Collapse
|
10
|
Adaskevich UP. Darier's follicular dyskeratosis. CONSILIUM MEDICUM 2022. [DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2022.8.201830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Darier's follicular dyskeratosis (synonym: Dariers disease, DarierWhites disease) is a rare genetic disease with an autosomal dominant type of inheritance, which belongs to the group of acantholytic dermatoses and is characterized by a violation of keratinization processes with lesions of the skin, nails, mucous membranes of the oral cavity and genitals. Dariers disease is caused by a mutation in the ATP2A2 gene. This disrupts the operation of the SERCA2 pump and leads to a violation of calcium homeostasis in keratinocytes and a decrease in intercellular adhesion. Dariers disease is manifested by brownish papules in seborrheic and intertriginal areas with a keratotic surface, which can merge into macerated plaques. Typical nail changes in Dariers disease include red and white longitudinal stripes ending in V-shaped notches on the free edge of the nail plates. Warty acrokeratosis, as well as bullous, hemorrhagic, comedonic and linear-segmental types are clinical variants of Dariers disease. Dariers disease is often associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Exacerbation may be caused by superinfection with Staphylococcus aureus or by herpes simplex virus. Histology in Darieres disease is characterized by pronounced dyskeratosis. For local therapy, keratolytic agents are important, as well as antiseptic treatment to avoid superinfection. In addition, local corticosteroids are used. Among the systemic methods of treatment, the systemic retinoids are the most effective. Ablative methods of treatment (dermabrasion, CO2 laser, Er:YAG laser) are effective in limited areas.
Collapse
|
11
|
Ambur A, Zaidi A, Dunn C, Nathoo R. Impaired Calcium Signaling and Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Darier Disease: An Exploratory Review. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1302-1310. [PMID: 35801378 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Darier (Darier-White) disease (DD) is an autosomal dominant skin disorder caused by pathogenic mutations in the ATP2A2 gene which encodes a calcium ATPase in the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum (SERCA2). Defects in the SERCA2 protein leads to an impairment of cellular calcium homeostasis, which in turn, triggers cell death pathways. There is a high prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders in patients affected by this condition, namely intellectual disability, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and suicidality. Though these associations have been well-documented over the years, little has been discussed or investigated regarding the pathophysiological mechanisms. The goal of this article is to review the literature related to the most commonly associated neuropsychiatric disorders found in patients with DD, highlight the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying each condition, and examine potential interventions that may be of interest for future development. A literature search was performed using PubMed to access and review relevant articles published in the last 40 years. Keywords searched included Darier disease neuropsychiatric, Darier disease pathophysiology, SERCA2 central nervous system, SERCA 2 skin, ATP2A2 central nervous system, ATP2A2 skin, sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling skin, sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling central nervous system, P2X7 receptor skin, and P2X7 receptor central nervous system. Our search resulted in 2,692 articles, of which 61 articles were ultimately included in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Austin Ambur
- Department of Dermatology, Kansas City University
| | - Asma Zaidi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Kansas City University
| | - Charles Dunn
- Department of Dermatology, Kansas City University
| | - Rajiv Nathoo
- Department of Dermatology, Kansas City University
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rogner DF, Lammer J, Zink A, Hamm H. Morbus Darier und Morbus Hailey‐Hailey: Stand 2021. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2021; 19:1478-1502. [PMID: 34661362 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14619_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Franziska Rogner
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München
| | - Judith Lammer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München
| | - Alexander Zink
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München
| | - Henning Hamm
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rogner DF, Lammer J, Zink A, Hamm H. Darier and Hailey-Hailey disease: update 2021. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2021; 19:1478-1501. [PMID: 34661345 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The autosomal-dominant genodermatoses Darier disease and Hailey-Hailey disease present special challenges to dermatologists. Despite their similar pathogenesis featuring impaired adhesion of suprabasal keratinocytes as a result of defective ATPases in epidermal calcium channels, the two diseases differ considerably in clinical presentation and therapeutic options. Darier disease is characterized by reddish brown, keratotic papules in seborrheic and intertriginous areas, which may coalesce into extensive lesions. Individuals affected with Hailey-Hailey disease primarily develop intertriginous papulovesicles and small blisters, which often evolve into erythematous plaques with erosions and painful fissures. Quality of life is significantly reduced because of complaints (itch, burning sensation, pain), body malodor and chronicity. Therapeutic options remain limited. Antiseptics and intermittent topical corticosteroids are a cornerstone of therapy, and systemic anti-infective treatment is often required in cases of superinfection. Ablative surgical interventions such as dermabrasion and CO2 laser surgery can lead to long-term remissions in intertriginous Hailey-Hailey disease, while temporary relief may also be achieved by intralesional injections of botulinum toxin. Of the systemic medications available for Darier disease, acitretin, which is approved for this purpose, has the best supporting evidence. The efficacy of immunosuppressants and immune modulators is inconsistent. Low-dose naltrexone produces more satisfactory results in Hailey-Hailey than Darier disease. The present CME article summarizes current knowledge of the two dermatoses, taking recent developments into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Franziska Rogner
- Hospital and Clinic for Dermatology and Allergology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Judith Lammer
- Hospital and Clinic for Dermatology and Allergology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Zink
- Hospital and Clinic for Dermatology and Allergology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Henning Hamm
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kapitány A, Medgyesi B, Jenei A, Somogyi O, Szabó L, Gáspár K, Méhes G, Hendrik Z, Dócs K, Szücs P, Dajnoki Z, Szegedi A. Regional Differences in the Permeability Barrier of the Skin-Implications in Acantholytic Skin Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910428. [PMID: 34638769 PMCID: PMC8509001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical milieu, microbiota composition, and immune activity show prominent differences in distinct healthy skin areas. The objective of the current study was to compare the major permeability barrier components (stratum corneum and tight junction (TJ)), investigate the distribution of (corneo)desmosomes and TJs, and measure barrier function in healthy sebaceous gland-rich (SGR), apocrine gland-rich (AGR), and gland-poor (GP) skin regions. Molecules involved in cornified envelope (CE) formation, desquamation, and (corneo)desmosome and TJ organization were investigated at the mRNA and protein levels using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The distribution of junction structures was visualized using confocal microscopy. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) functional measurements were also performed. CE intracellular structural components were similarly expressed in gland-rich (SGR and AGR) and GP areas. In contrast, significantly lower extracellular protein levels of (corneo)desmosomes (DSG1 and CDSN) and TJs (OCLN and CLDN1) were detected in SGR/AGR areas compared to GP areas. In parallel, kallikrein proteases were significantly higher in gland-rich regions. Moreover, gland-rich areas were characterized by prominently disorganized junction structures ((corneo)desmosomes and TJs) and significantly higher TEWL levels compared to GP skin, which exhibited a regular distribution of junction structures. According to our findings, the permeability barrier of our skin is not uniform. Gland-rich areas are characterized by weaker permeability barrier features compared with GP regions. These findings have important clinical relevance and may explain the preferred localization of acantholytic skin diseases on gland-rich skin regions (e.g., Pemphigus foliaceus, Darier's disease, and Hailey-Hailey disease).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anikó Kapitány
- Division of Dermatological Allergology, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.K.); (B.M.); (A.J.); (O.S.); (L.S.); (K.G.); (Z.D.)
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Barbara Medgyesi
- Division of Dermatological Allergology, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.K.); (B.M.); (A.J.); (O.S.); (L.S.); (K.G.); (Z.D.)
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Gyula Petrányi Doctoral School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Jenei
- Division of Dermatological Allergology, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.K.); (B.M.); (A.J.); (O.S.); (L.S.); (K.G.); (Z.D.)
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Gyula Petrányi Doctoral School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Somogyi
- Division of Dermatological Allergology, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.K.); (B.M.); (A.J.); (O.S.); (L.S.); (K.G.); (Z.D.)
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Gyula Petrányi Doctoral School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lilla Szabó
- Division of Dermatological Allergology, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.K.); (B.M.); (A.J.); (O.S.); (L.S.); (K.G.); (Z.D.)
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Gyula Petrányi Doctoral School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Gáspár
- Division of Dermatological Allergology, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.K.); (B.M.); (A.J.); (O.S.); (L.S.); (K.G.); (Z.D.)
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Méhes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Zoltán Hendrik
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Klaudia Dócs
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Péter Szücs
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Zsolt Dajnoki
- Division of Dermatological Allergology, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.K.); (B.M.); (A.J.); (O.S.); (L.S.); (K.G.); (Z.D.)
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Szegedi
- Division of Dermatological Allergology, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.K.); (B.M.); (A.J.); (O.S.); (L.S.); (K.G.); (Z.D.)
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-52-411-717/56432
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hammad H, Adler E, Yeshurun A, Abayev L, Vered S, Briscoe D, Ziv M, Dodiuk-Gad RP. Ophthalmic Assessment in Patients With Darier Disease. Am J Ophthalmol 2021; 227:139-142. [PMID: 33737033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the prevalence of ophthalmic findings in patients with Darier disease, an autosomal dominant genetic skin disorder, in an effort to evaluate the need for eye examinations in the management of the disease. DESIGN Prospective observational case series. METHODS Thirty-six individuals with Darier disease were evaluated by both ocular assessment questionnaire and a comprehensive ophthalmic examination (visual acuity, refraction, external examination, and slit-lamp examination) with emphasis on the eyelids, conjunctiva, and cornea. In addition, questionnaire-based medical interview and skin examination were conducted. RESULTS According to the medical questionnaire, 39% of patients reported eye problems, 36% dry eye, and 42% eye fatigue after prolonged reading. Ocular examination revealed Darier disease lesions on the eyelids in 55% of the patients, blepharitis in 44%, conjunctival hyperemia in 28%, and short tear film break-up time in 83%. There was no significant relationship between any of these ophthalmic findings and systemic retinoid therapy, sex, or age. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of blepharitis and dry eye highlights the importance of ophthalmologic evaluation of patients with Darier disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helwe Hammad
- From the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (H.H., E.A., A.Y., D.B., M.Z., R.P.D.-G.); Department of Dermatology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel (H.H., A.Y., M.Z., R.P.D.-G.)
| | - Eldad Adler
- From the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (H.H., E.A., A.Y., D.B., M.Z., R.P.D.-G.); Department of Ophthalmology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel (L.A.)
| | - Algit Yeshurun
- From the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (H.H., E.A., A.Y., D.B., M.Z., R.P.D.-G.); Department of Dermatology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel (H.H., A.Y., M.Z., R.P.D.-G.)
| | - Lena Abayev
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel (S.V.)
| | - Shiraz Vered
- Department of Statistics, Haifa University, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daniel Briscoe
- From the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (H.H., E.A., A.Y., D.B., M.Z., R.P.D.-G.); Department of Ophthalmology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel (L.A.)
| | - Michael Ziv
- From the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (H.H., E.A., A.Y., D.B., M.Z., R.P.D.-G.); Department of Dermatology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel (H.H., A.Y., M.Z., R.P.D.-G.)
| | - Roni P Dodiuk-Gad
- From the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (H.H., E.A., A.Y., D.B., M.Z., R.P.D.-G.); Department of Dermatology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel (H.H., A.Y., M.Z., R.P.D.-G.); Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (R.P.D.-G.)..
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Peruzzo R, Costa R, Bachmann M, Leanza L, Szabò I. Mitochondrial Metabolism, Contact Sites and Cellular Calcium Signaling: Implications for Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2574. [PMID: 32927611 PMCID: PMC7564994 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles that are mainly involved in the generation of ATP by cellular respiration. In addition, they modulate several intracellular functions, ranging from cell proliferation and differentiation to cell death. Importantly, mitochondria are social and can interact with other organelles, such as the Endoplasmic Reticulum, lysosomes and peroxisomes. This symbiotic relationship gives advantages to both partners in regulating some of their functions related to several aspects of cell survival, metabolism, sensitivity to cell death and metastasis, which can all finally contribute to tumorigenesis. Moreover, growing evidence indicates that modulation of the length and/or numbers of these contacts, as well as of the distance between the two engaged organelles, impacts both on their function as well as on cellular signaling. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the field of contacts and communication between mitochondria and other intracellular organelles, focusing on how the tuning of mitochondrial function might impact on both the interaction with other organelles as well as on intracellular signaling in cancer development and progression, with a special focus on calcium signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luigi Leanza
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (R.P.); (R.C.); (M.B.); (I.S.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu Z, Gu S, Lu T, Wu K, Li L, Dong C, Zhou Y. IFI6 depletion inhibits esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression through reactive oxygen species accumulation via mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:144. [PMID: 32727517 PMCID: PMC7388476 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01646-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most lethal forms of adult cancer with poor prognosis. Substantial evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important modulators of aggressive cancer behavior. However, the mechanism by which ESCC cells integrate redox signals to modulate carcinoma progression remains elusive. METHODS The expression of interferon alpha inducible protein 6 (IFI6) in clinical ESCC tissues and cell lines was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting. The correlation between IFI6 expression levels and aggressive ESCC disease stage was examined by immunohistochemistry. Bioinformatic analysis was conducted to explore the potential function of IFI6 in ESCC. ESCC cell lines stably depleted of IFI6 and ectopically expressing IFI6 were established using lentiviruses expressing shRNAs and an IFI6 expression plasmid, respectively. The effects of IFI6 on ESCC cells were determined by cell-based analyses, including EdU assay, apoptotic assay, cellular and mitochondria-specific ROS detection, seahorse extracellular flux, and mitochondrial calcium flux assays. Blue native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to determine mitochondrial supercomplex assembly. Transcriptional activation of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) via ATF3 was confirmed by dual luciferase assay. In vivo tumor growth was determined in mouse xenograft models. RESULTS We find that the expression of IFI6, an IFN-stimulated gene localized in the inner mitochondrial membrane, is markedly elevated in ESCC patients and a panel of ESCC cell lines. High IFI6 expression correlates with aggressive disease phenotype and poor prognosis in ESCC patients. IFI6 depletion suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis by increasing ROS accumulation. Mechanistically, IFI6 ablation induces mitochondrial calcium overload by activating mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter and subsequently ROS production. Following IFI6 ablation, mitochondrial ROS accumulation is also induced by mitochondrial supercomplex assembly suppression and oxidative phosphorylation dysfunction, while IFI6 overexpression produces the opposite effects. Furthermore, energy starvation induced by IFI6 inhibition drives endoplasmic reticulum stress through disrupting endoplasmic reticulum calcium uptake, which upregulates NOX4-derived ROS production in an ATF3-dependent manner. Finally, the results in xenograft models of ESCC further corroborate the in vitro findings. CONCLUSION Our study unveils a novel redox homeostasis signaling pathway that regulates ESCC pathobiology and identifies IFI6 as a potential druggable target in ESCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchuan Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
| | - Shaorui Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
| | - Tiancheng Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
| | - Kaiqing Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
| | - Chenglai Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
| | - Yongxin Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hypopigmented Macules With Onychodystrophy: Answer. Am J Dermatopathol 2020; 42:66-67. [PMID: 31880638 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
19
|
Bachar-Wikstrom E, Curman P, Ahanian T, Leong IUS, Larsson H, Cederlöf M, Wikstrom JD. Darier disease is associated with heart failure: a cross-sectional case-control and population based study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6886. [PMID: 32327688 PMCID: PMC7181854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63832-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human data supporting a role for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and calcium dyshomeostasis in heart disease is scarce. Darier disease (DD) is a hereditary skin disease caused by mutations in the ATP2A2 gene encoding the sarcoendoplasmic-reticulum Ca2+ ATPase isoform 2 (SERCA2), which causes calcium dyshomeostasis and ER stress. We hypothesized that DD patients would have an increased risk for common heart disease. We performed a cross-sectional case-control clinical study on 25 DD patients and 25 matched controls; and a population-based cohort study on 935 subjects with DD and matched comparison subjects. Main outcomes and measures were N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, ECG and heart diagnosis (myocardial infarction, heart failure and arrythmia). DD subjects showed normal clinical heart phenotype including heart failure markers and ECG. The risk for heart failure was 1.59 (1,16-2,19) times elevated in DD subjects, while no major differences were found in myocardial infarcation or arrhythmias. Risk for heart failure when corrected for cardivascular risk factors or alcohol misuse was 1.53 (1.11–2.11) and 1.58 (1,15–2,18) respectively. Notably, heart failure occurred several years earlier in DD patients as compared to controls. We conclude that DD patients show a disease specific increased risk of heart failure which should be taken into account in patient management. The observation also strenghtens the clinical evidence on the important role of SERCA2 in heart failure pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etty Bachar-Wikstrom
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philip Curman
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Dermato-Venereology Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tara Ahanian
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Dermato-Venereology Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ivone U S Leong
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Cederlöf
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Norra Stationsgatan 69, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jakob D Wikstrom
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Dermato-Venereology Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Seo SH, Kim SE, Lee SE. ER stress induced by ER calcium depletion and UVB irradiation regulates tight junction barrier integrity in human keratinocytes. J Dermatol Sci 2020; 98:41-49. [PMID: 32376153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium depletion-induced ER stress is a crucial signal for keratinocyte differentiation and barrier homeostasis, but its effects on the epidermal tight junction (TJ) have not been characterized. Ultraviolet B (UVB) causes ER calcium release in keratinocytes and disrupts epidermal TJ, however, the involvement of ER stress in the UVB-induced TJ alterations remains unknown. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of ER stress by pharmacological ER calcium depletion or UVB on the TJ integrity in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK). METHODS NHEK were exposed to ER calcium pump inhibitor thapsigargin (Tg) or UVB. ER stress markers and TJ molecules expression, TJ and F-actin structures, and TJ barrier function were analyzed. RESULTS Tg or UVB exposure dose-dependently triggered unfolded protein response (UPR) in NHEK. Low dose Tg induced the IRE1α-XBP1 pathway and strengthened TJ barrier. Contrary, high dose Tg activated PERK phosphorylation and disrupted TJ by F-actin disorganization. UVB disrupted TJ and F-actin structures dose dependently. IRE1α RNase inhibition induced or exacerbated TJ and F-actin disruption in the presence of low dose Tg or UVB. High dose Tg increased RhoA activity. 4-PBA or Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor partially prevented the disruption of TJ and F-actin following high dose Tg or UVB. CONCLUSIONS ER stress has bimodal effects on the epidermal TJ depending on its intensity. The IRE1α pathway is critical for the maintenance of TJ integrity during mild ER stress. Severe ER stress-induced UPR or ROCK signalling mediates the disruption of TJ through cytoskeletal disorganization during severe ER stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hoon Seo
- Department of Dermatology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Ee Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Reduced SERCA Function Preferentially Affects Wnt Signaling by Retaining E-Cadherin in the Endoplasmic Reticulum. Cell Rep 2020; 26:322-329.e3. [PMID: 30625314 PMCID: PMC6338334 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium homeostasis in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum is required for correct processing and trafficking of transmembrane proteins, and defects in protein trafficking can impinge on cell signaling pathways. We show here that mutations in the endoplasmic reticulum calcium pump SERCA disrupt Wingless signaling by sequestering Armadillo/β-catenin away from the signaling pool. Armadillo remains bound to E-cadherin, which is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum when calcium levels there are reduced. Using hypomorphic and null SERCA alleles in combination with the loss of the plasma membrane calcium channel Orai allowed us to define three distinct thresholds of endoplasmic reticulum calcium. Wingless signaling is sensitive to even a small reduction, while Notch and Hippo signaling are disrupted at intermediate levels, and elimination of SERCA function results in apoptosis. These differential and opposing effects on three oncogenic signaling pathways may complicate the use of SERCA inhibitors as cancer therapeutics. Suisse and Treisman describe genetic conditions that reduce calcium in the endoplasmic reticulum to three distinct extents. They find that Wnt signaling is more sensitive to changes in calcium levels than the Notch and Hippo pathways, potentially complicating the use of calcium pump inhibitors as cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
|
22
|
Mahajan V, Kumar P, Chowdhary B. Thick, adherent, asbestos-like and overlapping scales encircling the tufts of hair shafts in a 13-year-old girl. Indian Dermatol Online J 2020; 11:866-868. [PMID: 33235874 PMCID: PMC7678523 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_278_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
23
|
Britzolaki A, Saurine J, Klocke B, Pitychoutis PM. A Role for SERCA Pumps in the Neurobiology of Neuropsychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1131:131-161. [PMID: 31646509 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12457-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a fundamental regulator of cell fate and intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis is crucial for proper function of the nerve cells. Given the complexity of neurons, a constellation of mechanisms finely tunes the intracellular Ca2+ signaling. We are focusing on the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (SR/ER) calcium (Ca2+)-ATPase (SERCA) pump, an integral ER protein. SERCA's well established role is to preserve low cytosolic Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]cyt), by pumping free Ca2+ ions into the ER lumen, utilizing ATP hydrolysis. The SERCA pumps are encoded by three distinct genes, SERCA1-3, resulting in 12 known protein isoforms, with tissue-dependent expression patterns. Despite the well-established structure and function of the SERCA pumps, their role in the central nervous system is not clear yet. Interestingly, SERCA-mediated Ca2+ dyshomeostasis has been associated with neuropathological conditions, such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. We summarize here current evidence suggesting a role for SERCA in the neurobiology of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, thus highlighting the importance of this pump in brain physiology and pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Britzolaki
- Department of Biology & Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND), University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Joseph Saurine
- Department of Biology & Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND), University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin Klocke
- Department of Biology & Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND), University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Pothitos M Pitychoutis
- Department of Biology & Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND), University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Costa R, Peruzzo R, Bachmann M, Montà GD, Vicario M, Santinon G, Mattarei A, Moro E, Quintana-Cabrera R, Scorrano L, Zeviani M, Vallese F, Zoratti M, Paradisi C, Argenton F, Brini M, Calì T, Dupont S, Szabò I, Leanza L. Impaired Mitochondrial ATP Production Downregulates Wnt Signaling via ER Stress Induction. Cell Rep 2019; 28:1949-1960.e6. [PMID: 31433973 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling affects fundamental development pathways and, if aberrantly activated, promotes the development of cancers. Wnt signaling is modulated by different factors, but whether the mitochondrial energetic state affects Wnt signaling is unknown. Here, we show that sublethal concentrations of different compounds that decrease mitochondrial ATP production specifically downregulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling in vitro in colon cancer cells and in vivo in zebrafish reporter lines. Accordingly, fibroblasts from a GRACILE syndrome patient and a generated zebrafish model lead to reduced Wnt signaling. We identify a mitochondria-Wnt signaling axis whereby a decrease in mitochondrial ATP reduces calcium uptake into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), leading to endoplasmic reticulum stress and to impaired Wnt signaling. In turn, the recovery of the ATP level or the inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress restores Wnt activity. These findings reveal a mechanism that links mitochondrial energetic metabolism to the control of the Wnt pathway that may be beneficial against several pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Costa
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Mattia Vicario
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Santinon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Mattarei
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Enrico Moro
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Rubén Quintana-Cabrera
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francesca Vallese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Zoratti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Paradisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Marisa Brini
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Tito Calì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sirio Dupont
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ildikò Szabò
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy.
| | - Luigi Leanza
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Park K, Lee SE, Shin KO, Uchida Y. Insights into the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in skin function and associated diseases. FEBS J 2019; 286:413-425. [PMID: 30586218 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a mechanism that allows the protection of normal cellular functions in response to both internal perturbations, such as accumulation of unfolded proteins, and external perturbations, for example redox stress, UVB irradiation, and infection. A hallmark of ER stress is the accumulation of misfolded and unfolded proteins. Physiological levels of ER stress trigger the unfolded protein response (UPR) that is required to restore normal ER functions. However, the UPR can also initiate a cell death program/apoptosis pathway in response to excessive or persistent ER stress. Recently, it has become evident that chronic ER stress occurs in several diseases, including skin diseases such as Darier's disease, rosacea, vitiligo and melanoma; furthermore, it is suggested that ER stress is directly involved in the pathogenesis of these disorders. Here, we review the role of ER stress in skin function, and discuss its significance in skin diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyungho Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Convergence Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyong-Oh Shin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Convergence Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Yoshikazu Uchida
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Northern California Institute for Research and Education, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cassimeris L, Engiles JB, Galantino-Homer H. Detection of endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response in naturally-occurring endocrinopathic equine laminitis. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:24. [PMID: 30630474 PMCID: PMC6327420 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1748-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Laminitis is often associated with endocrinopathies that cause hyperinsulinemia and is also induced experimentally by hyperinsulinemia, suggesting that insulin initiates laminitis pathogenesis. Hyperinsulinemia is expected to activate pro-growth and anabolic signaling pathways. We hypothesize that chronic over-stimulation of these pathways in lamellar tissue results in endoplasmic reticulum stress, contributing to tissue pathology, as it does in human metabolic diseases. We tested this hypothesis by asking whether lamellar tissue from horses with naturally-occurring endocrinopathic laminitis showed expression of protein markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Results Three markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress, spliced XBP1, Grp78/BiP and Grp94, were upregulated 2.5–9.5 fold in lamellar tissues of moderately to severely laminitic front limbs (n = 12) compared to levels in controls (n = 6–7) measured by immunoblotting and densitometry. Comparing expression levels between laminitic front limbs and less affected hind limbs from the same horses (paired samples from 7 to 8 individual horses) demonstrated significantly higher expression for both spliced XBP1 and Grp78/BiP in the laminitic front limbs, and a similar trend for Grp94. Expression levels of the 3 markers were minimal in all samples of the control (n = 6–7) or hind limb groups (n = 7–8). Immunofluorescent localizations were used to identify cell types expressing high levels of Grp78/BiP, as an indicator of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Grp78/BiP expression was highly elevated in suprabasal epidermal keratinocytes and only observed in laminitic front limbs (10/12 laminitic samples, compared to 0/7 in sections from the hind limbs and 0/5 of controls). Conclusions These data demonstrate that the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway is active in naturally occurring cases of laminitis and is most active within a subset of epidermal keratinocytes. These data provide the rationale for further study of endoplasmic reticulum stress in experimental models of laminitis and the links between laminitis and human diseases sharing activation of this stress pathway. Pharmacological options to manipulate the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway under investigation for human disease could be applicable to laminitis treatment and prevention should this pathway prove to be a driver of disease progression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-018-1748-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Cassimeris
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA.
| | - Julie B Engiles
- Department of Clinical Studies/New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, 19348, USA.,Department of Pathobiology/New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hannah Galantino-Homer
- Department of Clinical Studies/New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, 19348, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gordon-Smith K, Green E, Grozeva D, Tavadia S, Craddock N, Jones L. Genotype-phenotype correlations in Darier disease: A focus on the neuropsychiatric phenotype. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:717-726. [PMID: 30345710 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Darier disease (DD) is an autosomal dominant skin disorder caused by mutations in ATP2A2 encoding the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase Isoform 2 (SERCA2). Evidence of a population-level association between DD and psychiatric disorders suggests that mutations in ATP2A2 may have pleiotropic effects on the brain as well as skin. Evidence of genotype-phenotype relationships between ATP2A2 mutations and neuropsychiatric phenotypes would further support this suggestion. We investigated genotype-phenotype correlations between lifetime neuropsychiatric features and ATP2A2 mutation type (dichotomized into likely gene disrupting [LGD] or protein altering) in 75 unrelated individuals with DD. We also looked for evidence of clustering of mutations within SERCA2 according to neuropsychiatric features. Combining our data with the existing literature, the rate of LGD mutations was found to be significantly higher among DD cases/families with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or affective psychosis (p = .011). We also found a significant relationship between mutations located in the S4-M4 region of the protein and the presence of a severe neuropsychiatric phenotype (p = .032). Our findings add support to the hypothesis that Darier-causing mutations in ATP2A2 confer susceptibility to neuropsychiatric dysfunction, in particular severe psychiatric illness. This, together with evidence from research on common polymorphisms confirms ATP2A2 as a gene at which variation influences susceptibility to major psychiatric illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Gordon-Smith
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Green
- School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Detelina Grozeva
- Institute of Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sherine Tavadia
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Crosshouse, Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Craddock
- Institute of Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Jones
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yen CF, Fan WL, Wang CW, Su SC, Chung WH, Hui RCY. Novel discovery of association between the mutation in exon 14 of the ATP2A2 gene and Darier's disease. DERMATOL SIN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dsi.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
29
|
Sato E, Hiromatsu K, Murata K, Imafuku S. Loss of ATP2A2 Allows Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection of a Human Epidermis Model by Disrupting Innate Immunity and Barrier Function. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2540-2549. [PMID: 29870688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Destruction of epidermal barrier function associated with atopic dermatitis or Darier's disease often causes severe secondary skin infections. Patients with skin barrier disorders often repeatedly acquire Kaposi varicelliform eruption, which is caused by herpes simplex virus, but the underlying mechanisms and effective preventive methods have yet to be found. Viral infection through an impaired epidermal barrier can be prevented by enhancing innate immunity and/or inhibiting viral entry. In this study, we established a three-dimensional skin barrier dysfunction model by silencing ATP2A2, which is mutated in some Darier's disease patients. We confirmed the loss of desmosomes and presence of histopathological clefts in the suprabasal layer. Herpes simplex virus 1 applied to the stratum corneum infected the deep epidermis. An innate immune reaction was assessed by evaluating the expression of IFNB1 and related genes. Pretreatment with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid alone or plus the antimicrobial peptide, LL37 enhanced IFN-β production and suppressed viral replication. Furthermore, topical application of a white petrolatum ointment containing heparin, which binds viral glycoproteins related to virus entry, strongly inhibited viral replication, probably by inhibiting invasion. Our human barrier-dysfunctional model will have future application for identifying the mechanism of Kaposi varicelliform eruption onset, preventive methods, and therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emi Sato
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Kenji Hiromatsu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Murata
- The Center for Electron Microscopy, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinichi Imafuku
- Department of Dermatology, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Epidermal barrier formation and the maintenance of barrier homeostasis are essential to protect us from the external environments and organisms. Moreover, impaired keratinocytes differentiation and dysfunctional skin barrier can be the primary causes or aggravating factors for many inflammatory skin diseases including atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Therefore, understanding the regulation mechanisms of keratinocytes differentiation and skin barrier homeostasis is important to understand many skin diseases and establish an effective treatment strategy. Calcium ions (Ca2+) and their concentration gradient in the epidermis are essential in regulating many skin functions, including keratinocyte differentiation, skin barrier formation, and permeability barrier homeostasis. Recent studies have suggested that the intracellular Ca2+ stores such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are the major components that form the epidermal calcium gradient and the ER calcium homeostasis is crucial for regulating keratinocytes differentiation, intercellular junction formation, antimicrobial barrier, and permeability barrier homeostasis. Thus, both Ca2+ release from intracellular stores, such as the ER and Ca2+ influx mechanisms are important in skin barrier. In addition, growing evidences identified the functional existence and the role of many types of calcium channels which mediate calcium flux in keratinocytes. In this review, the origin of epidermal calcium gradient and their role in the formation and regulation of skin barrier are focused. We also focus on the role of ER calcium homeostasis in skin barrier. Furthermore, the distribution and role of epidermal calcium channels, including transient receptor potential channels, store-operated calcium entry channel Orai1, and voltage-gated calcium channels in skin barrier are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hun Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kanakpur SH, Caculo DU. Rare ocular manifestations in keratosis follicularis (Darier-White disease). Indian J Ophthalmol 2017; 65:874-876. [PMID: 28905836 PMCID: PMC5621275 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_852_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratosis follicularis (Darier's disease) is a rare (1 in 30,000-100,000) genetic autosomal-dominant predominantly dermatological disorder characterized by hyperkeratosis and acantholysis due to a defective calcium transport in the cells. Ocular findings, if present, are very rare in this condition. Here, we are reporting a case of keratosis follicularis (Darier's disease) with ocular manifestations that have not been reported so far to the best of our knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Savitha H Kanakpur
- Department of Ophthalmology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, Karnataka, India
| | - Divya Upendra Caculo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ronan A, Ingrey A, Murray N, Chee P. Recurrent ATP2A2 p.(Pro602Leu) mutation differentiates Acrokeratosis verruciformis of Hopf from the allelic condition Darier disease. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:1975-1978. [PMID: 28498512 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Darier disease and Acrokeratosis Verruciformis of Hopf (AKV) are rare disorders of keratinization with autosomal dominant inheritance and very distinct clinical pictures. Both have been shown to be caused by mutations in ATP2A2 (ATPase, Ca++ transporting, cardiac muscle, slow-twitch) a gene encoding one of the SERCA (sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase2) intracellular pumps with a crucial role in cell-to-cell adhesion in both skin and heart. While hundreds of different missense and nonsense mutations cause Darier disease, only one missense mutation, p.(Pro602Leu), has been identified in families with AKV. We report a family with AKV due to the p.(Pro602Leu) mutation and discuss implications for this recurrent mutation on knowledge of ATP2A2 structure and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ronan
- Hunter Genetics Service, Hunter New England LHD, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Angela Ingrey
- Hunter Genetics Service, Hunter New England LHD, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalia Murray
- Hunter Genetics Service, Hunter New England LHD, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Chee
- University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Department of Dermatology, Hunter New England LHD, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
The Molecular Revolution in Cutaneous Biology: Emerging Landscape in Genomic Dermatology: New Mechanistic Ideas, Gene Editing, and Therapeutic Breakthroughs. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:e123-e129. [PMID: 28411843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Stunning technological advances in genomics have led to spectacular breakthroughs in the understanding of the underlying defects, biological pathways and therapeutic targets of skin diseases leading to new therapeutic interventions. Next-generation sequencing has revolutionized the identification of disease-causing genes and has a profound impact in deciphering gene and protein signatures in rare and frequent skin diseases. Gene addition strategies have shown efficacy in junctional EB and in recessive dystrophic EB (RDEB). TALENs and Cripsr/Cas9 have emerged as highly efficient new tools to edit genomic sequences to creat new models and to correct or disrupt mutated genes to treat human diseases. Therapeutic approaches have not been limited to DNA modification and strategies at the mRNA, protein and cellular levels have also emerged, some of which have already proven clinical efficacy in RDEB. Improved understanding of the pathogenesis of skin disorders has led to the development of specific drugs or repurposing of existing medicines as in basal cell nevus syndrome, alopecia areata, melanoma and EB simplex. These discoveries pave the way for improved targeted personalized medicine for rare and frequent diseases. It is likely that a growing number of orphan skin diseases will benefit from combinatory new therapies in a near future.
Collapse
|
34
|
Sato E, Williams MR, Sanford JA, Sen GL, Nakama T, Imafuku S, Gallo RL. The parathyroid hormone family member TIP39 interacts with sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ - ATPase activity by influencing calcium homoeostasis. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:792-797. [PMID: 28094886 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Darier disease (DD) is a genetic skin disease that is associated with mutations in the ATP2A2 gene encoding the type 2 sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ - ATPase (SERCA2). Mutations of this gene result in alterations of calcium homoeostasis, abnormal epidermal adhesion and dyskeratosis. Silencing of ATP2A2 in monolayer cell culture of keratinocytes reduces desmoplakin expression at the borders of cells and impacts cell adhesion. Here, we report establishment of a three-dimensional (3D) epidermal model of DD and use this model to evaluate peptide therapy with tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39) to normalize calcium transport. Gene silencing of ATP2A2 in keratinocytes grown in a 3D model resulted in dyskeratosis, partial parakeratosis and suprabasal clefts that resembled the histological changes seen in skin biopsies from patients with DD. TIP39, a peptide recently identified as a regulator of keratinocyte calcium transport, was then applied to this ATP2A2-silenced 3D epidermal model. In normal keratinocytes, TIP39 increased [Ca2+ ]i through the inositol trisphosphate (IP3) receptor pathway and stimulated differentiation. In monolayer ATP2A2-silenced keratinocytes, although TIP39 increased cytosolic calcium from the ER, the response was incomplete compared with its control. TIP39 was observed to reduce intercellular clefts of the gene-silenced epidermal model but did not significantly upregulate keratinocyte differentiation genes such as keratin 10 and filaggrin. These findings indicate that TIP39 is a modulator of ER calcium signalling and may be used as a potential strategy for improving aspects of DD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael R Williams
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James A Sanford
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - George L Sen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Takekuni Nakama
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinichi Imafuku
- Department of Dermatology, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Richard L Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li N, Park M, Xiao S, Liu Z, Diaz LA. ER-to-Golgi blockade of nascent desmosomal cadherins in SERCA2-inhibited keratinocytes: Implications for Darier's disease. Traffic 2017; 18:232-241. [PMID: 28156030 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Darier's disease (DD) is an autosomal dominantly inherited skin disorder caused by mutations in sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase 2 (SERCA2), a Ca2+ pump that transports Ca2+ from the cytosol to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Loss of desmosomes and keratinocyte cohesion is a characteristic feature of DD. Desmosomal cadherins (DC) are Ca2+ -dependent transmembrane adhesion proteins of desmosomes, which are mislocalized in the lesional but not perilesional skin of DD. We show here that inhibition of SERCA2 by 2 distinct inhibitors results in accumulation of DC precursors in keratinocytes, indicating ER-to-Golgi transport of nascent DC is blocked. Partial loss of SERCA2 by siRNA has no such effect, implicating that haploinsufficiency is not sufficient to affect nascent DC maturation. However, a synergistic effect is revealed between SERCA2 siRNA and an ineffective dose of SERCA2 inhibitor, and between an agonist of the ER Ca2+ release channel and SERCA2 inhibitor. These results suggest that reduction of ER Ca2+ below a critical level causes ER retention of nascent DC. Moreover, colocalization of DC with ER calnexin is detected in SERCA2-inhibited keratinocytes and DD epidermis. Collectively, our data demonstrate that loss of SERCA2 impairs ER-to-Golgi transport of nascent DC, which may contribute to DD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Moonhee Park
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Shengxiang Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital, Xi-An Jiaotong University, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Luis A Diaz
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Nellen RGL, Steijlen PM, van Steensel MAM, Vreeburg M, Frank J, van Geel M. Mendelian Disorders of Cornification Caused by Defects in Intracellular Calcium Pumps: Mutation Update and Database for Variants in ATP2A2 and ATP2C1 Associated with Darier Disease and Hailey-Hailey Disease. Hum Mutat 2017; 38:343-356. [PMID: 28035777 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The two disorders of cornification associated with mutations in genes coding for intracellular calcium pumps are Darier disease (DD) and Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD). DD is caused by mutations in the ATP2A2 gene, whereas the ATP2C1 gene is associated with HHD. Both are inherited as autosomal-dominant traits. DD is mainly defined by warty papules in seborrheic and flexural areas, whereas the major symptoms of HHD are vesicles and erosions in flexural skin. Both phenotypes are highly variable. In 12%-40% of DD patients and 12%-55% of HHD patients, no mutations in ATP2A2 or ATP2C1 are found. We provide a comprehensive review of clinical variability in DD and HHD and a review of all reported mutations in ATP2A2 and ATP2C1. Having the entire spectrum of ATP2A2 and ATP2C1 variants allows us to address the question of a genotype-phenotype correlation, which has not been settled unequivocally in DD and HHD. We created a database for all mutations in ATP2A2 and ATP2C1 using the Leiden Open Variation Database (LOVD v3.0), for variants reported in the literature and future inclusions. This data may be of use as a reference tool in further research on treatment of DD and HHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruud G L Nellen
- Departments of Dermatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,GROW Research School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M Steijlen
- Departments of Dermatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,GROW Research School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice A M van Steensel
- Departments of Dermatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,GROW Research School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Vreeburg
- Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | -
- Departments of Dermatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jorge Frank
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michel van Geel
- Departments of Dermatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,GROW Research School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Celli A, Crumrine D, Meyer JM, Mauro TM. Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Regulates Epidermal Barrier Response and Desmosomal Structure. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1840-1847. [PMID: 27255610 PMCID: PMC5070468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.05.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ca(2+) fluxes direct keratinocyte differentiation, cell-to-cell adhesion, migration, and epidermal barrier homeostasis. We previously showed that intracellular Ca(2+) stores constitute a major portion of the calcium gradient especially in the stratum granulosum. Loss of the calcium gradient triggers epidermal barrier homeostatic responses. In this report, using unfixed ex vivo epidermis and human epidermal equivalents we show that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) is released in response to barrier perturbation, and that this release constitutes the major shift in epidermal Ca(2+) seen after barrier perturbation. We find that ER Ca(2+) release correlates with a transient increase in extracellular Ca(2+). Lastly, we show that ER calcium release resulting from barrier perturbation triggers transient desmosomal remodeling, seen as an increase in extracellular space and a loss of the desmosomal intercellular midline. Topical application of thapsigargin, which inhibits the ER Ca(2+) ATPase activity without compromising barrier integrity, also leads to desmosomal remodeling and loss of the midline structure. These experiments establish the ER Ca(2+) store as a master regulator of the Ca(2+) gradient response to epidermal barrier perturbation, and suggest that ER Ca(2+) homeostasis also modulates normal desmosomal reorganization, both at rest and after acute barrier perturbation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Celli
- Dermatology Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - Debra Crumrine
- Dermatology Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jason M Meyer
- Dermatology Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Theodora M Mauro
- Dermatology Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Takagi A, Kamijo M, Ikeda S. Darier disease. J Dermatol 2016; 43:275-9. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.13230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Takagi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Maya Kamijo
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Shigaku Ikeda
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Multimodal correlative microscopy for in situ detection and quantification of chemical elements in biological specimens. Applications to nanotoxicology. J Chem Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12154-015-0133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
40
|
Kato M, Shimizu A, Yokoyama Y, Kaira K, Shimomura Y, Ishida-Yamamoto A, Kamei K, Tokunaga F, Ishikawa O. An Autosomal Recessive Mutation of DSG4 Causes Monilethrix through the ER Stress Response. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:1253-1260. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
41
|
Abstract
Desmosomes serve as intercellular junctions in various tissues including the skin and the heart where they play a crucial role in cell-cell adhesion, signalling and differentiation. The desmosomes connect the cell surface to the keratin cytoskeleton and are composed of a transmembranal part consisting mainly of desmosomal cadherins, armadillo proteins and desmoplakin, which form the intracytoplasmic desmosomal plaque. Desmosomal genodermatoses are caused by mutations in genes encoding the various desmosomal components. They are characterized by skin, hair and cardiac manifestations occurring in diverse combinations. Their classification into a separate and distinct clinical group not only recognizes their common pathogenesis and facilitates their diagnosis but might also in the future form the basis for the design of novel and targeted therapies for these occasionally life-threatening diseases.
Collapse
|
42
|
Melnik BC. Endoplasmic reticulum stress: key promoter of rosacea pathogenesis. Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:868-73. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C. Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory; University of Osnabrück; Osnabrück Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Darier's disease (DD) is caused by mutations in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ ATPase ATP2A2 (protein SERCA2). Current treatment modalities are ineffective for many patients. This report shows that impaired SERCA2 function, both in DD keratinocytes and in normal keratinocytes treated with the SERCA2-inhibitor thapsigargin, depletes ER Ca2+ stores, leading to constitutive ER stress and increased sensitivity to ER stressors. ER stress, in turn, leads to abnormal cell-to-cell adhesion via impaired redistribution of desmoplakin, desmoglein 3, desmocollin 3, and E-cadherin to the plasma membrane. This report illustrates how ER Ca2+ depletion and the resulting ER stress are central to the pathogenesis of the disease. Additionally, the authors introduce a possible new therapeutic agent, miglustat.
Collapse
|