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Tintor G, Jukić M, Šupe-Domić D, Jerončić A, Pogorelić Z. Diagnostic Accuracy of Leucine-Rich α-2-Glycoprotein 1 as a Non-Invasive Salivary Biomarker in Pediatric Appendicitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076043. [PMID: 37047015 PMCID: PMC10094467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) in saliva as a novel biomarker for acute appendicitis in the pediatric population. From October 2021 to June 2022, 92 children aged 5 to 17 years who presented with acute abdomen and suspected acute appendicitis were enrolled in this prospective study. The parameters documented included demographic and clinical information, as well as operative and postoperative data. Patients were divided into two groups: those with acute appendicitis who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy (n = 46) and those without appendicitis (n = 46). The total white blood cell (WBC) count, percent of neutrophils, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, and salivary LRG1 were compared between groups. A commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) LRG kit was used to measure the LRG levels. The median salivary LRG1 level was significantly higher in the group of children with pathohistologically confirmed acute appendicitis compared to the control group: 233.45 ng/mL (IQR 114.9, 531.2) vs. 55.95 ng/mL (IQR 51.5, 117.9), p < 0.001. LRG1 had an overall good receiver-operator characteristic area under the curve of 0.85 (95% CI 0.76-0.92; p < 0.001). The optimal LRG1 cutoff with best separation between acute appendicitis and the controls was >352.6 ng/mL (95% CI from >270.7 to >352.6). Although the specificity was 100% at this cutoff, the sensitivity for identifying appendicitis was 36%. In addition, a significant difference was found between groups in the laboratory values of all inflammatory markers tested: WBC, absolute neutrophil count, and CRP (p < 0.001 for all). Although LRG1 in saliva showed a good AUC parameter and significantly higher values in patients with acute appendicitis compared to the controls, its usefulness in the patient population who present at emergency departments with abdominal pain is debatable. Future studies should focus on investigating its diagnostic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Tintor
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital of Split, 21 000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21 000 Split, Croatia
| | - Miro Jukić
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21 000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Split, 21 000 Split, Croatia
| | - Daniela Šupe-Domić
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital of Split, 21 000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ana Jerončić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21 000 Split, Croatia
| | - Zenon Pogorelić
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21 000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Split, 21 000 Split, Croatia
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Siddaiah R, Emery L, Stephens H, Donnelly A, Erkinger J, Wisecup K, Hicks SD, Kawasawa YI, Oji-Mmuo C, Amatya S, Silveyra P. Early Salivary miRNA Expression in Extreme Low Gestational Age Newborns. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:506. [PMID: 35454997 PMCID: PMC9029747 DOI: 10.3390/life12040506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression playing a key role in organogenesis. MiRNAs are studied in tracheal aspirates (TA) of preterm infants. However; this is difficult to obtain in infants who are not intubated. This study examines early salivary miRNA expression as non-invasive early biomarkers in extremely low gestational age newborns (ELGANs). Methods: Saliva was collected using DNA-genotek swabs, miRNAs were analyzed using RNA seq and RT PCR arrays. Salivary miRNA expression was compared to TA using RNA seq at 3 days of age, and longitudinal changes at 28 days of age were analyzed using RT PCR arrays in ELGANs. Results: Approximately 822 ng of RNA was extracted from saliva of 7 ELGANs; Of the 757 miRNAs isolated, 161 miRNAs had significant correlation in saliva and TA at 3 days of age (r = 0.97). Longitudinal miRNA analysis showed 29 miRNAs downregulated and 394 miRNAs upregulated at 28 days compared to 3 days of age (adjusted p < 0.1). Bioinformatic analysis (Ingenuity Pathway Analysis) of differentially expressed miRNAs identified organismal injury and abnormalities and cellular development as the top physiological system development and cellular function. Conclusion: Salivary miRNA expression are source for early biomarkers of underlying pathophysiology in ELGANs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopa Siddaiah
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Children’s Hospital, Hershey, PA 17036, USA; (H.S.); (K.W.); (S.D.H.); (C.O.-M.); (S.A.)
| | - Lucy Emery
- Penn State Health College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17036, USA;
| | - Heather Stephens
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Children’s Hospital, Hershey, PA 17036, USA; (H.S.); (K.W.); (S.D.H.); (C.O.-M.); (S.A.)
| | - Ann Donnelly
- Department of Respiratory Therapy Penn State Health Children’s Hospital, Hershey, PA 17036, USA; (A.D.); (J.E.)
| | - Jennifer Erkinger
- Department of Respiratory Therapy Penn State Health Children’s Hospital, Hershey, PA 17036, USA; (A.D.); (J.E.)
| | - Kimberly Wisecup
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Children’s Hospital, Hershey, PA 17036, USA; (H.S.); (K.W.); (S.D.H.); (C.O.-M.); (S.A.)
| | - Steven D. Hicks
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Children’s Hospital, Hershey, PA 17036, USA; (H.S.); (K.W.); (S.D.H.); (C.O.-M.); (S.A.)
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Departments of Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State Health College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17036, USA;
| | - Christiana Oji-Mmuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Children’s Hospital, Hershey, PA 17036, USA; (H.S.); (K.W.); (S.D.H.); (C.O.-M.); (S.A.)
| | - Shaili Amatya
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Children’s Hospital, Hershey, PA 17036, USA; (H.S.); (K.W.); (S.D.H.); (C.O.-M.); (S.A.)
| | - Patricia Silveyra
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA;
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Mubarak G, Zahir FR. Recent Major Transcriptomics and Epitranscriptomics Contributions toward Personalized and Precision Medicine. J Pers Med 2022; 12:199. [PMID: 35207687 PMCID: PMC8877836 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of genome-wide screening methods-beginning with microarray technologies and moving onto next generation sequencing methods-the era of precision and personalized medicine was born. Genomics led the way, and its contributions are well recognized. However, "other-omics" fields have rapidly emerged and are becoming as important toward defining disease causes and exploring therapeutic benefits. In this review, we focus on the impacts of transcriptomics, and its extension-epitranscriptomics-on personalized and precision medicine efforts. There has been an explosion of transcriptomic studies particularly in the last decade, along with a growing number of recent epitranscriptomic studies in several disease areas. Here, we summarize and overview major efforts for cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodevelopmental disorders (including autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability) for transcriptomics/epitranscriptomics in precision and personalized medicine. We show that leading advances are being made in both diagnostics, and in investigative and landscaping disease pathophysiological studies. As transcriptomics/epitranscriptomics screens become more widespread, it is certain that they will yield vital and transformative precision and personalized medicine contributions in ways that will significantly further genomics gains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farah R. Zahir
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
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Abstract
PURPOSE Assays of salivary biomarkers for diagnosis are gaining popularity in pediatric diseases due to their non-invasive nature. Our pilot project aims to evaluate the utility of salivary leucine-rich-alpha-2-glycoprotein (LRG) in the diagnosis of pediatric acute appendicitis (AA). METHODS We prospectively recruited 34 patients, aged between 4 and 16 years, admitted with acute abdominal pain suspicious of appendicitis. The patients' demography, clinical characteristics, laboratory investigations, imaging examination results, operative findings, and discharge diagnoses were recorded. We compared the diagnostic performance of the patients' total white counts, neutrophil percentages, C-reactive protein, and saliva LRG levels. Saliva samples were obtained using the SalivaBio Children's Swab and LRG levels were quantified using a commercially available LRG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. IRB approval was obtained. RESULTS Seventeen patients had a confirmed diagnosis of appendicitis on histology. Another 17 were confirmed not to have appendicitis after a minimum of 24 h of hospitalization, with further verification via telephone interview 2 weeks later. The median levels of saliva LRG were elevated in patients with AA as compared to those without (P = 0.008). At a cutoff of LRG 0.33 ng/μg, we obtained a diagnostic specificity of 100% and sensitivity of 35.3%. CONCLUSION Our proof-of-concept study demonstrated the diagnostic potential of saliva LRG for appendicitis in children. The distinct advantage of saliva LRG assays is that the procedure is simple, pain-free, and requires no specialized skill. Further study with a larger cohort is needed to verify our results.
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Katsani KR, Sakellari D. Saliva proteomics updates in biomedicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:17. [PMID: 31890650 PMCID: PMC6909541 DOI: 10.1186/s40709-019-0109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the years of personalized (or precision) medicine the 'omics' methodologies in biomedical sciences-genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics-are helping researchers to detect quantifiable biological characteristics, or biomarkers, that will best define the human physiology and pathologies. Proteomics use high throughput and high efficiency approaches with the support of bioinformatic tools in order to identify and quantify the total protein content of cells, tissues or biological fluids. Saliva receives a lot of attention as a rich biological specimen that offers a number of practical and physiological advantages over blood and other biological fluids in monitoring human health. The aim of this review is to present the latest advances in saliva proteomics for biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina R Katsani
- 1Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Dimitra Sakellari
- 2Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Pappa E, Kousvelari E, Vastardis H. Saliva in the "Omics" era: A promising tool in paediatrics. Oral Dis 2018; 25:16-25. [PMID: 29750386 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In vulnerable populations, such as infants and children, saliva makes the perfect diagnostic medium because of its noninvasive collection, easy handling and storage of samples. Its unique biomarker profiles help tremendously in the diagnosis of many diseases and conditions. In fact, saliva genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics and microbiome-based discoveries have led to complementary and powerful diagnostic information. In children and neonates, saliva is the preferred medium not only for diagnosis of caries and aggressive periodontitis but also for a number of systemic conditions, metabolic diseases, cognitive functions, stress assessment and evaluation of immunological and inflammatory responses to vaccination. In this review, we provide an overview of current and future applications of saliva diagnostics to various diseases and conditions and highlight studies in paediatrics across the "omic" spectrum. Emerging frontiers in salivary diagnostics research that may significantly advance the field are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eftychia Pappa
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Kousvelari
- School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Heleni Vastardis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Shores DR, Everett AD. Children as Biomarker Orphans: Progress in the Field of Pediatric Biomarkers. J Pediatr 2018; 193:14-20.e31. [PMID: 29031860 PMCID: PMC5794519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darla R Shores
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Allen D Everett
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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8
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Barlow SM, Maron JL, Alterovitz G, Song D, Wilson BJ, Jegatheesan P, Govindaswami B, Lee J, Rosner AO. Somatosensory Modulation of Salivary Gene Expression and Oral Feeding in Preterm Infants: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2017; 6:e113. [PMID: 28615158 PMCID: PMC5489710 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.7712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite numerous medical advances in the care of at-risk preterm neonates, oral feeding still represents one of the first and most advanced neurological challenges facing this delicate population. Objective, quantitative, and noninvasive assessment tools, as well as neurotherapeutic strategies, are greatly needed in order to improve feeding and developmental outcomes. Pulsed pneumatic orocutaneous stimulation has been shown to improve nonnutritive sucking (NNS) skills in preterm infants who exhibit delayed or disordered nipple feeding behaviors. Separately, the study of the salivary transcriptome in neonates has helped identify biomarkers directly linked to successful neonatal oral feeding behavior. The combination of noninvasive treatment strategies and transcriptomic analysis represents an integrative approach to oral feeding in which rapid technological advances and personalized transcriptomics can safely and noninvasively be brought to the bedside to inform medical care decisions and improve care and outcomes. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to conduct a multicenter randomized control trial (RCT) to combine molecular and behavioral methods in an experimental conceptualization approach to map the effects of PULSED somatosensory stimulation on salivary gene expression in the context of the acquisition of oral feeding habits in high-risk human neonates. The aims of this study represent the first attempt to combine noninvasive treatment strategies and transcriptomic assessments of high-risk extremely preterm infants (EPI) to (1) improve oral feeding behavior and skills, (2) further our understanding of the gene ontology of biologically diverse pathways related to oral feeding, (3) use gene expression data to personalize neonatal care and individualize treatment strategies and timing interventions, and (4) improve long-term developmental outcomes. METHODS A total of 180 extremely preterm infants from three neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) will be randomized to receive either PULSED or SHAM (non-pulsing) orocutaneous intervention simultaneous with tube feedings 3 times per day for 4 weeks, beginning at 30 weeks postconceptional age. Infants will also be assessed 3 times per week for NNS performance, and multiple saliva samples will be obtained each week for transcriptomic analysis, until infants have achieved full oral feeding status. At 18 months corrected age (CA), infants will undergo neurodevelopmental follow-up testing, the results of which will be correlated with feeding outcomes in the neo-and post-natal period and with gene expression data and intervention status. RESULTS The ongoing National Institutes of Health funded randomized controlled trial R01HD086088 is actively recruiting participants. The expected completion date of the study is 2021. CONCLUSIONS Differential salivary gene expression profiles in response to orosensory entrainment intervention are expected to lead to the development of individualized interventions for the diagnosis and management of oral feeding in preterm infants. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02696343; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02696343 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6r5NbJ9Ym).
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Michael Barlow
- Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior, Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Jill Lamanna Maron
- Tufts Medical Center, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gil Alterovitz
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dongli Song
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA, United States
| | - Bernard Joseph Wilson
- CHI Health St. Elizabeth, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Priya Jegatheesan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA, United States
| | - Balaji Govindaswami
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA, United States
| | - Jaehoon Lee
- IMMAP, Department of Educational Psychology and Leadership, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Austin Oder Rosner
- Tufts Medical Center, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston, MA, United States
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9
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Dobson NR, Liu X, Rhein LM, Darnall RA, Corwin MJ, McEntire BL, Ward RM, James LP, Sherwin CMT, Heeren TC, Hunt CE. Salivary caffeine concentrations are comparable to plasma concentrations in preterm infants receiving extended caffeine therapy. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 82:754-61. [PMID: 27145974 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Caffeine concentrations in preterm infants are usually measured in the blood. However, salivary assays may provide a valid and practical alternative. The present study explored the validity and clinical utility of salivary caffeine concentrations as an alternative to blood concentrations and developed a novel plasma/salivary caffeine distribution model. METHODS Paired salivary and plasma samples were obtained in 29 infants. Salivary samples were obtained using a commercially available salivary collection system. Caffeine concentrations in the saliva and plasma were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. A population pharmacokinetic (PK) model was developed using NONMEM 7.3. RESULTS The mean (± standard deviation) gestational age (GA) at birth and birth weight were 27.9 ± 2.1 weeks and 1171.6 ± 384.9 g, respectively. Paired samples were obtained at a mean postmenstrual age (PMA) of 35.5 ± 1.1 weeks. The range of plasma caffeine concentrations was 9.5-54.1 μg ml(-1) , with a mean difference (95% confidence interval) between plasma and salivary concentrations of -0.18 μg ml(-1) (-1.90, 1.54). Salivary and plasma caffeine concentrations were strongly correlated (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.87, P < 0.001). Caffeine PK in plasma and saliva was simultaneously described by a three-compartment recirculation model. Current body weight, birth weight, GA, PMA and postnatal age were not significantly correlated with any PK parameter. CONCLUSIONS Salivary sampling provides an easy, non-invasive method for measuring caffeine concentrations. Salivary concentrations correlate highly with plasma concentrations. Caffeine PK in saliva and plasma are well described by a three-compartment recirculation model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Dobson
- Pediatrics, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lawrence M Rhein
- Newborn Medicine and Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Robert M Ward
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Laura P James
- Pediatrics, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Catherine M T Sherwin
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Timothy C Heeren
- Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carl E Hunt
- Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Pediatrics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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González-Plaza JJ, Hulak N, García-Fuentes E, Garrido-Sánchez L, Zhumadilov Z, Akilzhanova A. Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC): Advances through omics technologies, towards ESCC salivaomics. Drug Discov Ther 2016; 9:247-57. [PMID: 26370523 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2015.01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Oesophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the two main subtypes of oesophageal cancer, affecting mainly populations in Asia. Though there have been great efforts to develop methods for a better prognosis, there is still a limitation in the staging of this affection. As a result, ESCC is detected at advances stages, when the interventions on the patient do not have such a positive outcome, leading in many cases to recurrence and to a very low 5-year survival rate, causing high mortality. A way to decrease the number of deaths is the use of biomarkers that can trace the advance of the disease at early stages, when surgical or chemotherapeutic methodologies would have a greater effect on the evolution of the subject. The new high throughput omics technologies offer an unprecedented chance to screen for thousands of molecules at the same time, from which a new set of biomarkers could be developed. One of the most convenient types of samples is saliva, an accessible body fluid that has the advantage of being non-invasive for the patient, being easy to store or to process. This review will focus on the current status of the new omics technologies regarding salivaomics in ESCC, or when not evaluated yet, the achievements in related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José González-Plaza
- Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Center for Life Sciences, PI "National Laboratory Astana", AOE "NazarbayevUniversity"
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11
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Barroso E, Martín V, Martínez-Cuesta MC, Peláez C, Requena T. Stability of saliva microbiota during moderate consumption of red wine. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:1763-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Maron JL, Johnson KL. Comparative performance analyses of commercially available products for salivary collection and nucleic acid processing in the newborn. Biotech Histochem 2015; 90:581-6. [PMID: 26052888 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2015.1048289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of saliva for clinical monitoring and biomarker detection holds great promise for improving health care. Commercially available assays are not intended for use with neonates, however, and collection and processing of saliva for subsequent transcriptomic analysis presents unique challenges in this population. We compared RNA yield, quality, stability and RT-qPCR performance for two commonly used commercial systems: the Qiagen RNeasy Protect Saliva Mini Kit(®) and the DNA Genotek Oragene•RNA(®) assay. Two 10 μl saliva samples were collected from ten newborns and stabilized for each assay. Total RNA was extracted following incubation for 3, 10, 15 or 20 days. Total RNA extracted from each assay was analyzed for integrity, quality and quantity using the Agilent BioAnalyzer 2100. RT-qPCR was performed for the reference gene, GAPDH, to assess subsequent performance of the extracted RNA. Although the DNA Genotek extraction protocol required nearly twice the time of the Qiagen protocol, RNA integrity did not differ between the kits. RNA concentration using the DNA Genotek assay, however, was 3,264 pg/μl (range: 262 - 10,336 pg/μl) compared to 822.4 pg/μl (range: 0 - 1,856 pg/μl) for the Qiagen protocol. Linear regression analysis showed a stronger correlation between the threshold cycle and RNA concentration using DNA Genotek (r(2) = 0.356) compared to Qiagen (r(2) = 0.0331). Our results suggest that although the Qiagen assay may reduce overall extraction time, RNA yield and performance in subsequent transcriptomic analysis is more robust using the DNA Genotek assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Maron
- a Mother Infant Research Institute at Tufts Medical Center, Division of Newborn Medicine , Boston , Massachusetts
| | - K L Johnson
- b Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston , Massachusetts
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Messana I, Cabras T, Iavarone F, Manconi B, Huang L, Martelli C, Olianas A, Sanna MT, Pisano E, Sanna M, Arba M, D'Alessandro A, Desiderio C, Vitali A, Pirolli D, Tirone C, Lio A, Vento G, Romagnoli C, Cordaro M, Manni A, Gallenzi P, Fiorita A, Scarano E, Calò L, Passali GC, Picciotti PM, Paludetti G, Fanos V, Faa G, Castagnola M. Chrono-proteomics of human saliva: variations of the salivary proteome during human development. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:1666-77. [PMID: 25761918 DOI: 10.1021/pr501270x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An important contribution to the variability of any proteome is given by the time dimension that should be carefully considered to define physiological modifications. To this purpose, whole saliva proteome was investigated in a wide age range. Whole saliva was collected from 17 preterm newborns with a postconceptional age at birth of 178-217 days. In these subjects sample collection was performed serially starting immediately after birth and within about 1 year follow-up, gathering a total of 111 specimens. Furthermore, whole saliva was collected from 182 subjects aged between 0 and 17 years and from 23 adults aged between 27 and 57 years. The naturally occurring intact salivary proteome of the 316 samples was analyzed by low- and high-resolution HPLC-ESI-MS platforms. Proteins peculiar of the adults appeared in saliva with different time courses during human development. Acidic proline-rich proteins encoded by PRH2 locus and glycosylated basic proline-rich proteins encoded by PRB3 locus appeared following 180 days of postconceptional age, followed at 7 months (±2 weeks) by histatin 1, statherin, and P-B peptide. The other histatins and acidic proline-rich proteins encoded by PRH1 locus appeared in whole saliva of babies from 1 to 3 weeks after the normal term of delivery, S-type cystatins appeared at 1 year (±3 months), and basic proline-rich proteins appeared at 4 years (±1 year) of age. All of the proteinases involved in the maturation of salivary proteins were more active in preterm than in at-term newborns, on the basis of the truncated forms detected. The activity of the Fam20C kinase, involved in the phosphorylation of various proteins, started around 180 days of postconceptional age, slowly increased reaching values comparable to adults at about 2 years (±6 months) of age. Instead, MAPK14 involved in the phosphorylation of S100A9 was fully active since birth also in preterm newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Messana
- †Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S. P. Monserrato Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- †Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S. P. Monserrato Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- ‡Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica, Largo Francesco Vito 1, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Barbara Manconi
- †Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S. P. Monserrato Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy
| | - Liling Huang
- ‡Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica, Largo Francesco Vito 1, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Claudia Martelli
- ‡Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica, Largo Francesco Vito 1, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- †Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S. P. Monserrato Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Sanna
- †Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S. P. Monserrato Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pisano
- §Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S. P. Monserrato Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy
| | - Monica Sanna
- †Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S. P. Monserrato Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy
| | - Morena Arba
- †Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S. P. Monserrato Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy
| | - Alfredo D'Alessandro
- †Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S. P. Monserrato Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy
| | - Claudia Desiderio
- ∥Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Largo Francesco Vito 1, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Alberto Vitali
- ∥Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Largo Francesco Vito 1, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Davide Pirolli
- ‡Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica, Largo Francesco Vito 1, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Chiara Tirone
- ⊥Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica, Università Cattolica, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lio
- ⊥Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica, Università Cattolica, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vento
- ⊥Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica, Università Cattolica, Roma 00168, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Cordaro
- #Istituto di Clinica Odontostomatologica, Università Cattolica, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Armando Manni
- #Istituto di Clinica Odontostomatologica, Università Cattolica, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Patrizia Gallenzi
- #Istituto di Clinica Odontostomatologica, Università Cattolica, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Antonella Fiorita
- ▽Istituto di Clinica Otorinolaringoiatrica, Università Cattolica, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Emanuele Scarano
- ▽Istituto di Clinica Otorinolaringoiatrica, Università Cattolica, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Lea Calò
- ▽Istituto di Clinica Otorinolaringoiatrica, Università Cattolica, Roma 00168, Italy
| | | | | | - Gaetano Paludetti
- ▽Istituto di Clinica Otorinolaringoiatrica, Università Cattolica, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- §Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S. P. Monserrato Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy
| | - Gavino Faa
- §Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S. P. Monserrato Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- ‡Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica, Largo Francesco Vito 1, Roma 00168, Italy.,∥Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Largo Francesco Vito 1, Roma 00168, Italy
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da Costa JP, Cova M, Ferreira R, Vitorino R. Antimicrobial peptides: an alternative for innovative medicines? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:2023-40. [PMID: 25586583 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are small molecules with activity against bacteria, yeasts, fungi, viruses, bacteria, and even tumor cells that make these molecules attractive as therapeutic agents. Due to the alarming increase of antimicrobial resistance, interest in alternative antimicrobial agents has led to the exploitation of antimicrobial peptides, both synthetic and from natural sources. Thus, many peptide-based drugs are currently commercially available for the treatment of numerous ailments, such as hepatitis C, myeloma, skin infections, and diabetes. Initial barriers are being increasingly overcome with the development of cost-effective, more stable peptides. Herein, we review the available strategies for their synthesis, bioinformatics tools for the rational design of antimicrobial peptides with enhanced therapeutic indices, hurdles and shortcomings limiting the large-scale production of AMPs, as well as the challenges that the pharmaceutical industry faces on their use as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pinto da Costa
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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