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Thielemans R, Speeckaert R, Delrue C, De Bruyne S, Oyaert M, Speeckaert MM. Unveiling the Hidden Power of Uromodulin: A Promising Potential Biomarker for Kidney Diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3077. [PMID: 37835820 PMCID: PMC10572911 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13193077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Uromodulin, also known as Tamm-Horsfall protein, represents the predominant urinary protein in healthy individuals. Over the years, studies have revealed compelling associations between urinary and serum concentrations of uromodulin and various parameters, encompassing kidney function, graft survival, cardiovascular disease, glucose metabolism, and overall mortality. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in uromodulin as a novel and effective biomarker with potential applications in diverse clinical settings. Reduced urinary uromodulin levels have been linked to an elevated risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) following cardiac surgery. In the context of chronic kidney disease (CKD) of different etiologies, urinary uromodulin levels tend to decrease significantly and are strongly correlated with variations in estimated glomerular filtration rate. The presence of uromodulin in the serum, attributable to basolateral epithelial cell leakage in the thick ascending limb, has been observed. This serum uromodulin level is closely associated with kidney function and histological severity, suggesting its potential as a biomarker capable of reflecting disease severity across a spectrum of kidney disorders. The UMOD gene has emerged as a prominent locus linked to kidney function parameters and CKD risk within the general population. Extensive research in multiple disciplines has underscored the biological significance of the top UMOD gene variants, which have also been associated with hypertension and kidney stones, thus highlighting the diverse and significant impact of uromodulin on kidney-related conditions. UMOD gene mutations are implicated in uromodulin-associated kidney disease, while polymorphisms in the UMOD gene show a significant association with CKD. In conclusion, uromodulin holds great promise as an informative biomarker, providing valuable insights into kidney function and disease progression in various clinical scenarios. The identification of UMOD gene variants further strengthens its relevance as a potential target for better understanding kidney-related pathologies and devising novel therapeutic strategies. Future investigations into the roles of uromodulin and regulatory mechanisms are likely to yield even more profound implications for kidney disease diagnosis, risk assessment, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raïsa Thielemans
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (R.T.); (C.D.)
| | | | - Charlotte Delrue
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (R.T.); (C.D.)
| | - Sander De Bruyne
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.D.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Matthijs Oyaert
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.D.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Marijn M. Speeckaert
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (R.T.); (C.D.)
- Research Foundation Flanders, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
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Luda KM, Da Silva C, Ahmadi F, Mowat AM, Ohno H, Kotarsky K, Agace WW. Identification and characterization of murine glycoprotein 2-expressing intestinal dendritic cells. Scand J Immunol 2022; 96:e13219. [PMID: 37807915 PMCID: PMC9786990 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal lamina propria (LP) contains distinct subsets of classical dendritic cells (cDC), each playing key non-redundant roles in intestinal immune homeostasis. Here, we show that glycoprotein 2 (GP2), a GPI-anchored protein and receptor for bacterial type-I fimbriae, is selectively expressed by CD103+CD11b+ cDC in the murine small intestine (SI). GP2 expression was induced on CD103+CD11b+ cDC within the SI-LP and was regulated by IRF4, TGFβR1- and retinoic acid signalling. Mice selectively lacking Gp2 on CD103+CD11b+ cDC (huLang-Cre.gp2fl/fl mice) had normal numbers and proportions of innate and adaptive immune cells in the SI-LP suggesting that GP2 expression by CD103+CD11b+ cDC is not required for intestinal immune homoeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna M. Luda
- Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Clement Da Silva
- Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadi
- Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Allan Mcl. Mowat
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical SciencesYokohamaJapan
| | - Knut Kotarsky
- Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - William W. Agace
- Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Department of Health TechnologyTechnical University of DenmarkLyngbyDenmark
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3
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Sedej I, Štalekar M, Tušek Žnidarič M, Goričar K, Kojc N, Kogovšek P, Dolžan V, Arnol M, Lenassi M. Extracellular vesicle-bound DNA in urine is indicative of kidney allograft injury. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12268. [PMID: 36149031 PMCID: PMC9503341 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle‐bound DNA (evDNA) is an understudied extracellular vesicle (EV) cargo, particularly in cancer‐unrelated research. Although evDNA has been detected in urine, little is known about its characteristics, localization, and biomarker potential for kidney pathologies. To address this, we enriched EVs from urine of well‐characterized kidney transplant recipients undergoing allograft biopsy, characterized their evDNA and its association to allograft injury. The SEC‐based method enriched pure EVs from urine of kidney transplant recipients, regardless of the allograft injury. Urinary evDNA represented up to 29.2 ± 8% (mean ± SD) of cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) and correlated with cfDNA in several characteristics but was less fragmented (P < 0.001). Importantly, using DNase treatment and immunogold labelling TEM, we demonstrated that evDNA was bound to the surface of urinary EVs. Normalised evDNA yield (P = 0.042) and evDNA copy number (P = 0.027) significantly differed between patients with normal histology, rejection injury and non‐rejection injury, the later groups having significantly larger uEVs (mean diameter, P = 0.045) and more DNA bound per uEV. ddDNA is detectable in uEV samples of kidney allograft recipients, but its quantity is highly variable. In a proof‐of‐principle study, several evDNA characteristics correlated with clinical and histological parameters (P = 0.040), supporting that the potential of evDNA as a biomarker for kidney allograft injury should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Sedej
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Štalekar
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Magda Tušek Žnidarič
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Goričar
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nika Kojc
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Polona Kogovšek
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolžan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miha Arnol
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Metka Lenassi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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4
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Then C, Herder C, Thorand B, Sujana C, Heier M, Meisinger C, Peters A, Koenig W, Rathmann W, Roden M, Stumvoll M, Maalmi H, Then H, Ferrari U, Scherberich J, Seissler J. Association of serum uromodulin with adipokines in dependence of type 2 diabetes. Cytokine 2021; 150:155786. [PMID: 34920231 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The renal tubular glycoprotein uromodulin is associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes, but the underlying mechanisms are elusive. We investigated the association of serum uromodulin with adipokines and tested the effect modification by diabetes status. METHODS The associations of serum uromodulin with eight adipokines were assessed in 795-1080 participants of the KORA F4 study aged 62-81 years using linear regression models adjusted for sex, age, BMI, estimated glomerular filtration rate and diabetes. Significant associations were assessed for effect modification by diabetes status. We further tested using logistic regression whether adjustment for the significant adipokines affected the association of uromodulin with type 2 diabetes. RESULTS Serum uromodulin was inversely associated with chemerin and retinol-binding protein-4 after multivariable adjustment (p < 0.001) and Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. No significant association was observed between uromodulin and the other adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, secreted frizzled-related protein 5, progranulin, omentin-1 and vaspin) after correcting for multiple testing. The association of uromodulin with chemerin and retinol-binding protein-4 was stronger in participants with type 2 diabetes than in participants without diabetes (p for interaction < 0.05). However, inclusion of chemerin and retinol-binding protein-4 in logistic regression models did not attenuate the association of serum uromodulin with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Serum uromodulin was inversely associated with the predominantly pro-inflammatory adipokines chemerin and retinol-binding protein-4. The associations were stronger in participants with type 2 diabetes compared to participants without diabetes. However, the association of serum uromodulin with type 2 diabetes was independent of chemerin and retinol-binding protein-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Then
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Christian Herder
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Barbara Thorand
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Chaterina Sujana
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Margit Heier
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; KORA Study Centre, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Epidemiology, University of Augsburg, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Haifa Maalmi
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Uta Ferrari
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scherberich
- Klinikum München-Harlaching, Teaching Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Seissler
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner München-Neuherberg, Germany
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Bedair RN, Amin Ismail MM, Gaber EW, Kader Mahmoud RA, Mowafy MN. Study of the relationship between urinary level of uromodulin, renal involvement and disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythrematosus. SAUDI JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES AND TRANSPLANTATION 2021; 31:32-43. [PMID: 32129195 DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.279959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory autoimmune connective tissue disease. Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common and serious complication of SLE which can progress to end-stage renal disease. Renal biopsy is the gold standard in the diagnosis and classification of LN, but since it is an invasive procedure, it is neither desirable nor applicable for all cases. This has led to the search for an alternative, noninvasive, site-specific, and immune process-related biomarkers. Uromodulin (Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein) is the most abundant urinary protein expressed exclusively by the thick ascending limb cells and released into urine of healthy controls. Studies showed that it may act as a danger signaling molecule eliciting an inflammatory response following conditions that damage the nephron integrity and leading to uromodulin release into the interstitial space. This study aimed to assess uromodulin as a screening biomarker of tubulointerstitial involvement in patients with SLE and to elucidate its correlation with disease activity and progression. The study was conducted on 70 patients divided into two groups: control group (Group I) consisted of 20 apparently healthy volunteers of comparable age and sex to the patients' group, and 50 SLE patients (Group II) diagnosed according to the 2012 Systemic Lupus Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) classification criteria. Group II was further subdivided into 23 patients without manifestations of LN (Group II A) and 27 patients with manifestations of LN (Group II B). Urinary uromodulin level showed statistically significant difference among the studied groups, being lowest among the LN patients with a mean value 5.6 ± 3.4, in SLE patients without nephritis 9.9 ± 5.2 and 12.9 ± 4.6 in the control group. Urinary uromodulin also correlated positively with estimated glome- rular filtration rate. A negative correlation was found between urinary uromodulin and serum creatinine, 24 h urinary proteins and SLICC renal activity score. No statistically significant correlation was found between urinary uromo- dulin and SLE disease activity index. Thus, decreasing urinary uromodulin levels can be a marker for renal involvement and tubulo- interstitial nephritis in active SLE patients and a marker for chronic kidney disease and nephron loss in the absence of activity markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Nabil Bedair
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | | | - Eman Wagdy Gaber
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Internal Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed Nader Mowafy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Internal Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt
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Then C, Herder C, Then H, Thorand B, Huth C, Heier M, Meisinger C, Peters A, Koenig W, Rathmann W, Roden M, Stumvoll M, Maalmi H, Meitinger T, Lechner A, Scherberich J, Seissler J. Serum uromodulin is inversely associated with biomarkers of subclinical inflammation in the population-based KORA F4 study. Clin Kidney J 2020; 14:1618-1625. [PMID: 34221377 PMCID: PMC8248959 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Uromodulin is a kidney-specific glycoprotein synthesized in tubular cells of
Henle’s loop exerting nephroprotective and immunomodulatory
functions in the urinary tract. A small amount of uromodulin is also
released into the systemic circulation, where its physiological role is
unknown. Serum uromodulin (sUmod) has been associated with metabolic risk
factors and with cardiovascular events and mortality, where these
associations were partly stronger in men than in women. In this study, we
investigated the associations of sUmod with biomarkers of subclinical
inflammation in a population-based sample of women and men. Methods Associations of sUmod with 10 biomarkers of subclinical inflammation were
assessed in 1065 participants of the Cooperative Health Research in the
Region of Augsburg (KORA) F4 study aged 62–81 years using
linear regression models adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, estimated
glomerular filtration rate and diabetes. Analyses were performed in the
total study sample and stratified by sex. Results sUmod was inversely associated with white blood cell count, high-sensitive
C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor-α,
myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase-3, IL-1 receptor antagonist and IL-22
after multivariable adjustment and correction for multiple testing
(P < 0.001 for each observation). There was a trend
towards a stronger association of sUmod with pro-inflammatory markers in men
than in women, with a significant P for sex interaction (<0.001)
regarding the relation of sUmod with IL-6. Conclusions sUmod was inversely associated with biomarkers of subclinical inflammation in
older participants of the KORA F4 study. The association of sUmod with IL-6
differed between women and men. Future research should focus on whether the
immunomodulatory properties of sUmod are one explanation for the association
of sUmod with cardiovascular outcomes and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Then
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU, München, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Herder
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Holger Then
- Mathematics department, Freie Waldorfschule Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Thorand
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Huth
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Margit Heier
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.,KORA Study Centre, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Epidemiology at UNIKAT Augsburg, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Haifa Maalmi
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Lechner
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU, München, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scherberich
- Klinikum München-Harlaching, Teaching Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Seissler
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU, München, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
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7
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Uromodulin (UMOD), also known as Tamm-Horsfall protein, is the most abundant protein in human urine. UMOD has multiple functions such as protection against urinary tract infections and nephrolithiasis. This review outlines recent progress made in UMOD's role in renal physiology, tubular transport, and mineral metabolism. RECENT FINDINGS UMOD is mostly secreted in the thick ascending limb (TAL) and to a lesser degree in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT). UMOD secretion is regulated by the calcium-sensing receptor. UMOD upregulates ion channels [e.g., renal outer medullary potassium channel, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 5, and transient receptor potential melastatin 6 (TRPM6)] and cotransporters [e.g., Na,K,2Cl cotransporter (NKCC2) and sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCC)] in the TAL and DCT. Higher serum UMOD concentrations have been associated with higher renal function and preserved renal reserve. Higher serum UMOD has also been linked to a lower risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. SUMMARY With better serum UMOD detection assays the extent of different functions for UMOD is still expanding. Urinary UMOD regulates different tubular ion channels and cotransporters. Variations of urinary UMOD secretion can so contribute to common disorders such as hypertension or nephrolithiasis.
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Then C, Then HL, Lechner A, Thorand B, Meisinger C, Heier M, Peters A, Koenig W, Rathmann W, Scherberich J, Seissler J. Serum uromodulin and risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the community-based KORA F4 study. Atherosclerosis 2020; 297:1-7. [PMID: 32058862 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Serum uromodulin, a novel biomarker of kidney function and tubular integrity, has been linked to cardiovascular events and total mortality in patients at high cardiovascular risk. Here, we analyze the association of serum uromodulin with cardiovascular morbidity and cardiovascular as well as total mortality in the population-based KORA F4 study stratified by sex. METHODS Baseline serum uromodulin was measured in 1079 participants of the KORA F4 study (age 62-81 years). Using multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, the associations of serum uromodulin with total mortality and cardiovascular mortality were analyzed after a median follow-up period of 8.6 years, and with non-fatal and fatal stroke and myocardial infarction/coronary death after a median follow-up time of 8.4 years. RESULTS Serum uromodulin was significantly inversely associated with total mortality (HR 0.65; 95% CI 0.53-0.79 per standard deviation of logarithmized serum uromodulin; p < 0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.70; 95% CI 0.52-0.93) in men, but not in women (HR for all-cause mortality in women 0.98; 95% CI 0.77-1.25, HR for cardiovascular mortality 0.78; 95% CI 0.56-1.11) after adjustment for age, BMI, diabetes and eGFR. In addition, serum uromodulin was significantly inversely associated with incident stroke in men (HR 0.68; 95% CI 0.50-0.92), but not in women (HR 0.96; 95% CI 0.68-1.38) after multivariable adjustment. The association of serum uromodulin with incident myocardial infarction was attenuated and lost significance after multivariable adjustment in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS Serum uromodulin is an independent biomarker for total and cardiovascular mortality in men from the general community aged 62 years or older.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Then
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.
| | | | - Andreas Lechner
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Thorand
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Epidemiology at UNIKAT Augsburg, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Margit Heier
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; KORA Study Centre, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scherberich
- Klinikum München-Harlaching, Teaching Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Seissler
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
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Tachibana S, Iyoda M, Suzuki T, Kanazawa N, Iseri K, Wada Y, Matsumoto K, Shibata T. Serum uromodulin is associated with the severity of clinicopathological findings in ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224690. [PMID: 31725735 PMCID: PMC6855443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Uromodulin (UMOD), also known as Tamm-Horsfall protein, is a kidney-specific protein expressed by epithelial cells lining the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. In the current study, we aimed to clarify the clinical significance of UMOD in ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis (AAG). Materials and methods Sixty-one biopsy-proven AAG patients were included in this study. UMOD was measured using ELISA. The relationships between serum UMOD (sUMOD) levels and various clinicopathological findings were evaluated. Results AAG was classified into four categories (focal, crescentic, mixed, and sclerotic). In addition, tubulointerstitial lesions were classified as mild, moderate, and severe. The levels of sUMOD and urinary UMOD (uUMOD) were correlated with each other. A negative correlation between sUMOD levels and serum Cr levels, and positive correlation between sUMOD levels and eGFR were found. Patients in the high sUMOD group were associated with low serum Cr levels, focal classification, and mild tubulointerstitial injury compared to the low sUMOD group. Comparing the characteristics among histopathological classes, patients in the focal class had the best renal function and the highest levels of uUMOD/Cr and sUMOD. The focal class had significantly better renal survival compared with the severe histopathological classes (crescentic, mixed, and sclerotic). In univariate logistic regression analyses, prognostic factors for severe histopathological classes were low uUMOD/Cr, high serum Cr, and low sUMOD. Multivariate analyses revealed that low sUMOD predicted severe histopathological classes independent of serum Cr. The mean levels of sUMOD were significantly different between the focal class and severe histopathological classes, with a sensitivity of 70.6% and specificity of 90.0% (cut-off 143 ng/ml, AUC 0.80) by ROC curves. Conclusion Low sUMOD levels were associated with severe clinicopathological findings and might be considered as a risk factor for end stage renal disease in AAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Tachibana
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Iyoda
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Taihei Suzuki
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kanazawa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Iseri
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Wada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Matsumoto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Shibata
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Then C, Then H, Lechner A, Huth C, Meisinger C, Heier M, Peters A, Koenig W, Rathmann W, Herder C, Roden M, Scherberich J, Seissler J. Serum uromodulin is inversely associated with the metabolic syndrome in the KORA F4 study. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:1363-1371. [PMID: 31505464 PMCID: PMC6790901 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic syndrome and obesity are risk factors for chronic kidney disease. However, early kidney alterations may escape diagnosis in these conditions due to glomerular hyperfiltration. Uromodulin, a glycoprotein exclusively synthesized in tubular cells of the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop, is a novel tissue-specific biomarker for kidney function. In contrast to the commonly used markers creatinine and cystatin C, serum uromodulin does not primarily depend on glomerular filtration. We hypothesized that serum uromodulin is a marker for metabolic syndrome and related components. DESIGN The analyses included 1088 participants of the population-based KORA F4 study aged 62-81 years. Metabolic syndrome was present in 554 participants. After a mean follow-up time of 6.5 years, 621 participants were reevaluated, of which 92 had developed incident metabolic syndrome. METHODS The association of serum uromodulin with metabolic syndrome and its components were assessed using multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS Serum uromodulin was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome after adjustment for sex, age, estimated glomerular filtration rate, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.56-0.76 per standard deviation uromodulin; P < 0.001). Serum uromodulin was inversely associated with all single components of metabolic syndrome. However, serum uromodulin was not associated with new-onset metabolic syndrome after the follow-up period of 6.5 ± 0.3 years (OR 1.18; 95% CI 0.86-1.60). CONCLUSIONS Serum uromodulin is independently associated with prevalent, but not with incident metabolic syndrome. Low serum uromodulin may indicate a decreased renal reserve in the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Then
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, LMU München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Correspondence should be addessed to C Then:
| | - Holger Then
- Freie Waldorfschule Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Lechner
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, LMU München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Huth
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Epidemiology at UNIKAT Augsburg, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Margit Heier
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- KORA Study Center, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Herder
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scherberich
- Klinikum München-Harlaching, Teaching Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Seissler
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, LMU München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
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11
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Urinary Uromodulin Levels and UMOD Variants in Black South Africans with Hypertension-Attributed Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Nephrol 2019; 2019:8094049. [PMID: 31065383 PMCID: PMC6466913 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8094049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Uromodulin, the most abundant protein in urine, is synthesized in the thick ascending loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubules. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have reduced urinary uromodulin levels secondary to tubular damage. Genome wide association studies identified significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associations with CKD at the uromodulin (UMOD) locus. We examined the association of urinary uromodulin concentrations with CKD and with SNP rs1333226 in the UMOD gene. The study included 71 black South Africans with hypertension-attributed CKD with an eGFR ≤ 60ml/min/1.73m2, 52 first-degree relatives, and 58 unrelated controls. Urinary uromodulin concentration was measured using Luminex® multiplex kits. After DNA extraction from blood using the Maxwell® automated platform, genotyping of rs13333226 was performed using real-time PCR using TaqMan® genotyping assays. Urinary uromodulin levels were significantly lower in CKD cases compared to both controls and first-degree relatives and correlated negatively with age, serum uric acid, serum creatinine, and systolic BP and positively with CKD-EPI eGFR. For each 1-standard deviation increase in uromodulin level, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio for CKD was 0.6 (95% CI [0.48 to 0.81]; p <0.01). There were no significant differences in the minor allele frequency between CKD cases and controls (p = 0.59) nor between first-degree relatives and controls (p = 0.98). There were no significant associations between genotype at rs13333226 and urine uromodulin levels (p = 0.43). Higher levels of urinary uromodulin are associated with lower odds of hypertension-attributed CKD. We did not detect associations of genotype at rs13333226 with urinary uromodulin levels in our sample population. Larger sample size studies from ethnically disparate populations are essential to further categorize this association.
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Then C, Then H, Meisinger C, Heier M, Peters A, Koenig W, Rathmann W, Scherberich J, Seissler J. Serum uromodulin is associated with but does not predict type 2 diabetes in elderly KORA F4/FF4 study participants. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:3795-3802. [PMID: 30892596 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-02557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Serum uromodulin has recently emerged as promising biomarker for kidney function and was suggested to be associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in coronary patients. Here, we analyzed the association of serum uromodulin with T2D in the population-based KORA F4/FF4 study. METHODS In 1119 participants of the KORA F4 study aged 62 - 81 years, serum uromodulin was measured and the association of serum uromodulin with T2D was assessed using logistic and linear regression models stratified for sex. After a mean follow-up time of 6.5 years, 635 participants where reevaluated. Glucose tolerance status was determined by oral glucose tolerance test at baseline and at the follow-up examination except in cases of known T2D. RESULTS Serum uromodulin was inversely associated with T2D in the crude analysis and after adjustment for age and BMI in men (p < 0.001) and in women (p < 0.05). After further adjustment for estimated glomerular filtration rate, serum uromodulin was significantly inversely associated with T2D in men (p < 0.001), but not in women. Serum uromodulin was not associated with prediabetes after multivariate adjustment and did not predict T2D in men or in women after the follow-up time of 6.5 ± 0.3 years. CONCLUSIONS In participants of the KORA F4 study, serum uromodulin is independently associated with T2D in men, but is no predictor of future development of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Then
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Christa Meisinger
- Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Epidemiology at UNIKAT Augsburg, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Margit Heier
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- Institute of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scherberich
- Klinikum München-Harlaching, Teaching Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Seissler
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
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Kumar V, Yadav AK, Kumar V, Bhansali A, Jha V. Uromodulin rs4293393 T>C variation is associated with kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Indian J Med Res 2018; 146:S15-S21. [PMID: 29578190 PMCID: PMC5890591 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_919_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives Uromodulin, a UMOD gene encoded glycoprotein is synthesized exclusively in renal tubular cells and released into urine. Mutations lead to uromodulin misfolding and retention in the kidney, where it might stimulate cells of immune system to cause inflammation and progression of kidney disease. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified UMOD locus to be associated with hypertension and diabetic nephropathy (DN). In this study, we investigated the association between rs4293393 variation in UMOD gene and susceptibility to kidney disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods A total of 646 individuals, 208 with T2DM without evidence of kidney disease (DM), 221 with DN and 217 healthy controls (HC) were genotyped for UMOD variant rs4293393T>C by restriction fragment length polymorphism. Serum uromodulin levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results A significant difference was found in genotype and allelic frequency among DM, DN and HC. TC+CC genotype and C allele were found more frequently in DN compared to HC (33.9 vs 23.0%, P=0.011 and 20.1 vs 12.9%, P=0.004, respectively). Compared to DM, C allele was found to be more frequent in individuals with DN (20.1 vs 14.7%, P=0.034). Those with DN had higher serum uromodulin levels compared to those with DM (P=0.001). Serum uromodulin levels showed a positive correlation with serum creatinine (r=0.431; P<0.001) and negative correlation with estimated glomerular filtration rate (r=-0.423; P<0.001). Interpretation & conclusions The frequency of UMOD rs4293393 variant with C allele was significantly higher in individuals with DN. UMOD rs4293393 T>C variation might have a bearing on susceptibility to nephropathy in north Indian individuals with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Department of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Yadav
- Department of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Department of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anil Bhansali
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vivekanand Jha
- Department of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh; George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India; James Martin Fellow, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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14
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Gurevich E, Israel E, Segev Y, Landau D. Febrile Proteinuria in Hospitalized Children: Characterization of Urinary Proteins. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:202. [PMID: 30175088 PMCID: PMC6107750 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Transient proteinuria during febrile illness is a common phenomenon. Recent studies have re-examined the pathophysiology of proteinuria and new urinary markers to characterize it, including B7-1 (CD80), which is expressed also in glomerular podocytes and influences the glomerular barrier. Aim: To investigate the pattern of proteinuria in febrile non-renal diseases, including B7-1. Methods: We prospectively analyzed urine samples of 44 febrile children and 28 afebrile controls for different protein components: albumin (glomerular marker), β2-microglobulin (tubular marker), uromodulin (Tamm Horsfall protein-THP, a renal endogenous protein) and B7-1. Febrile illness was characterized as focal bacterial vs. viral. Exclusion criteria were underlying renal disease, steroid treatment or urinary tract infection. Results: Elevated urine albumin (64.5 ± 10.3 vs. 17.8 ± 4 mg/g, mean ± S.E.M., p = 0.0009) and β2-microglobulin (1.44 ± 0.34 vs. 0.182 ± 0.03 mg/g, mean ± S.E.M., p = 0.005] and decreased uromodulin (10.5 ± 1 vs. 26.7 ± 2.2 Arbitrary units, mean ± S.E.M., p = 0.0001) excretion were found during febrile illness vs. controls. Urine B7-1 was also increased in the febrile group (0.27 ± 0.05 vs. 0.07 ± 0.01 ng/ml, mean ± S.E.M., p = 0.001), and was the only marker which was significantly higher in bacterial vs. viral disease. Conclusions: Febrile proteinuria is not generalized: while proteins of both glomerular and tubular origin increase, uromodulin decreases. Urine B7-1 is increased during fever, more significantly in bacterial infections. Thus, urinary B7-1 may be used as an additional marker to differentiate between febrile states of bacterial vs. viral origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Gurevich
- Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel.,Division of Pediatrics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Eytan Israel
- Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel.,Division of Pediatrics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Yael Segev
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Daniel Landau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel.,Department of Pediatrics B, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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15
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Devuyst O, Olinger E, Rampoldi L. Uromodulin: from physiology to rare and complex kidney disorders. Nat Rev Nephrol 2017; 13:525-544. [PMID: 28781372 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Uromodulin (also known as Tamm-Horsfall protein) is exclusively produced in the kidney and is the most abundant protein in normal urine. The function of uromodulin remains elusive, but the available data suggest that this protein might regulate salt transport, protect against urinary tract infection and kidney stones, and have roles in kidney injury and innate immunity. Interest in uromodulin was boosted by genetic studies that reported involvement of the UMOD gene, which encodes uromodulin, in a spectrum of rare and common kidney diseases. Rare mutations in UMOD cause autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (ADTKD), which leads to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Moreover, genome-wide association studies have identified common variants in UMOD that are strongly associated with risk of CKD and also with hypertension and kidney stones in the general population. These findings have opened up a new field of kidney research. In this Review we summarize biochemical, physiological, genetic and pathological insights into the roles of uromodulin; the mechanisms by which UMOD mutations cause ADTKD, and the association of common UMOD variants with complex disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Devuyst
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eric Olinger
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Rampoldi
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
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16
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Rhodes DCJ. Human Tamm-Horsfall protein, a renal specific protein, serves as a cofactor in complement 3b degradation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181857. [PMID: 28742158 PMCID: PMC5524369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) is an abundant urinary protein of renal origin. We hypothesize that THP can act as an inhibitor of complement since THP binds complement 1q (C1q) of the classical complement pathway, inhibits activation of this pathway, and is important in decreasing renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (a complement-mediated condition). In this study, we began to investigate whether THP interacted with the alternate complement pathway via complement factor H (CFH). THP was shown to bind CFH using ligand blots and in an ELISA (KD of 1 × 10−6 M). Next, the ability of THP to alter CFH’s normal action as it functioned as a cofactor in complement factor I (CFI)–mediated complement 3b (C3b) degradation was investigated. Unexpectedly, control experiments in these in vitro assays suggested that THP, without added CFH, could act as a cofactor in CFI-mediated C3b degradation. This cofactor activity was present equally in THP isolated from 10 different individuals. While an ELISA demonstrated small amounts of CFH contaminating THP samples, these CFH amounts were insufficient to explain the degree of cofactor activity present in THP. An ELISA demonstrated that THP directly bound C3b (KD ~ 5 × 10−8m), a prerequisite for a protein acting as a C3b degradation cofactor. The cofactor activity of THP likely resides in the protein portion of THP since partially deglycosylated THP still retained cofactor activity. In conclusion, THP appears to participate directly in complement inactivation by its ability to act as a cofactor for C3b degradation, thus adding support to the hypothesis that THP might act as an endogenous urinary tract inhibitor of complement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C. J. Rhodes
- Department of Anatomy, Pacific Northwest University of Health Sciences, Yakima, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Akimoto M, Hokazono E, Ota E, Tateishi T, Kayamori Y. Highly sensitive reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography assay for the detection of Tamm-Horsfall protein in human urine. Ann Clin Biochem 2015; 53:75-84. [PMID: 25838415 DOI: 10.1177/0004563215583698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tamm-Horsfall protein (also known as uromodulin) is the most abundant urinary protein in healthy individuals. Since initially characterized by Tamm and Horsfall, the amount of urinary excretion and structural mutations of Tamm-Horsfall protein is associated with kidney diseases. However, currently available assays for Tamm-Horsfall protein, which are mainly enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based, suffer from poor reproducibility and might give false negative results. METHODS We developed a novel, quantitative assay for Tamm-Horsfall protein using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. A precipitation pretreatment avoided urine matrix interference and excessive sample dilution. High-performance liquid chromatography optimization based on polarity allowed excellent separation of Tamm-Horsfall protein from other major urine components. RESULTS Our method exhibited high precision (based on the relative standard deviations of intraday [≤2.77%] and interday [≤5.35%] repetitions). The Tamm-Horsfall protein recovery rate was 100.0-104.2%. The mean Tamm-Horsfall protein concentration in 25 healthy individuals was 31.6 ± 18.8 mg/g creatinine. There was a strong correlation between data obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (r = 0.906), but enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay values tended to be lower than high-performance liquid chromatography values at low Tamm-Horsfall protein concentrations. CONCLUSIONS The high sensitivity and reproducibility of our Tamm-Horsfall protein assay will reduce the number of false negative results of the sample compared with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Moreover, our method is superior to other high-performance liquid chromatography methods, and a simple protocol will facilitate further research on the physiological role of Tamm-Horsfall protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Akimoto
- Clinical Chemistry, Division of Biochemical Science and Technology, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eisaku Hokazono
- Clinical Chemistry, Division of Biochemical Science and Technology, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eri Ota
- Clinical Chemistry, Division of Biochemical Science and Technology, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takiko Tateishi
- Clinical Chemistry, Division of Biochemical Science and Technology, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Junshin Gakuen University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuzo Kayamori
- Clinical Chemistry, Division of Biochemical Science and Technology, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Mao S, Zhang A, Huang S. The signaling pathway of uromodulin and its role in kidney diseases. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2014; 34:440-4. [PMID: 24849497 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2014.920029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The uromodulin (UMOD) is a glycoprotein expressed exclusively by renal tubular cells lining the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. UMOD acts as a regulatory protein in health and in various conditions. For kidney diseases, its role remains elusive. On one hand, UMOD plays a role in binding and excretion of various potentially injurious products from the tubular fluid. On the other hand, chronic kidney disease is associated with higher serum levels of UMOD. Signaling pathways might be very important in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. We performed this review to provide a relatively complete signaling pathway flowchart for UMOD to the investigators who were interested in the role of UMOD in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. Here, we reviewed the signal transduction pathway of UMOD and its role in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Mao
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
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Li KJ, Siao SC, Wu CH, Shen CY, Wu TH, Tsai CY, Hsieh SC, Yu CL. EGF receptor-dependent mechanism may be involved in the Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein-enhanced PMN phagocytosis via activating Rho family and MAPK signaling pathway. Molecules 2014; 19:1328-43. [PMID: 24451252 PMCID: PMC6271557 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19011328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that urinary Tamm–Horsfall glycoprotein (THP) potently enhanced polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) phagocytosis. However, the domain structure(s), signaling pathway and the intracellular events responsible for THP-enhanced PMN phagocytosis remain to be elucidated. THP was purified from normal human urine. The human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 was induced to differentiate into PMNs by all-trans retinoid acid. Pretreatment with different MAPK and PI3K inhibitors was used to delineate signaling pathways in THP-enhanced PMN phagocytosis. Phosphorylation of molecules responsible for PMN phagocytosis induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), THP, or human recombinant epidermal growth factor (EGF) was evaluated by western blot. A p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, effectively inhibited both spontaneous and LPS- and THP-induced PMN phagocytosis. Both THP and LPS enhanced the expression of the Rho family proteins Cdc42 and Rac that may lead to F-actin re-arrangement. Further studies suggested that THP and EGF enhance PMN and differentiated HL-60 cell phagocytosis in a similar pattern. Furthermore, the EGF receptor inhibitor GW2974 significantly suppressed THP- and EGF-enhanced PMN phagocytosis and p38 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in differentiated HL-60 cells. We conclude that EGF receptor-dependent signaling may be involved in THP-enhanced PMN phagocytosis by activating Rho family and MAP kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Jen Li
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University College of Medicine, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Sue-Cien Siao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Han Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Chieh-Yu Shen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Tsai-Hung Wu
- Section of Nephrology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Chang-Youh Tsai
- Section of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Song-Chou Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Li Yu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
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Wu CH, Li KJ, Siao SC, Chen YH, Wu TH, Tsai CY, Yu CL. The binding affinity and molecular basis of the structure-binding relationship between urinary Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein and tumor necrosis factor-α. Molecules 2012; 17:11978-89. [PMID: 23060289 PMCID: PMC6268941 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171011978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study we noted significant THP binding to TNF-α, but did not explore the molecular basis of the structure-binding relationship. In this study, we used lectin-binding ELISA to assess the carbohydrate compositions of THP, BSA, IgG, TNF-α, and IFN-g. We identified β(1,4)-N-acetylglucosamine oligomers (GlcNAc) and GlcNAc/branched mannose in BSA, IgG, TNF-α, and THP, but not in IFN-g. These carbohydrate moieties mediated binding with THP. Small amounts of Siaα(2,3)Gal/ GalNAc, Sia(2,6)Gal/GalNAc, and mannose residues were also present in THP and TNF-α. Binding affinity (K(d)) between THP and TNF-α by Scatchard plot analysis was 1.4-1.7 × 10⁻⁶ M, lower than antigen-antibody or ligand-receptor binding affinities. To elucidate the structure-binding relationship of THP-TNF-α, THP was digested with neuraminidase, β-galactosidase, O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase, carboxypeptidase Y, or proteinase K. β-galactosidase increased binding capacity of THP for TNF-α. Monosaccharide inhibition suggested that α-methyl-D-mannoside, GlcNAc, and GalNAc, but not sialic acid, suppress THP-TNF-α binding as detected by ELISA. We conclude that sugar-lectin and sugar-protein interactions between cognate sites in THP and TNF-α mediate their binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, No.7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Jen Li
- Institute of Clinical medicine, National Yang-Ming University College of Medicine, No.155 Li-Nong Street, Shih-Pai, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Sue-Cien Siao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No.7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No.7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Hung Wu
- Section of Nephrology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201 Section 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Youh Tsai
- Section of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201 Section 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Li Yu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No.7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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Abstract
Familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy is a rare autosomal dominant disease. It is characterized by abnormal handling of urate responsible for hyperuricaemia often complicated of gouty arthritis. Renal failure is due to tubulointerstitial nephritis. Ultrasonography sometimes finds renal cysts of variable size and number. Renal histology, although not specific, shows interstitial fibrosis, atrophic tubules, sometimes enlarged and with irregular membrane thickening. Renal failure progresses to end stage between 30 and 60 years of age. Allopurinol treatment is recommended at the early stages of the disease, its efficacy on slowing down the progression of the disease is however not proven. There is genetic heterogeneity in familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy. Uromodulin encoding Tamm-Horsfall protein is the only gene to date identified, responsible in less than half of the families. The described mutations most often concern a cystein and are clustering in exon 4. These mutations result in abnormal retention of the protein in endoplasmic reticulum of Henle loop cells and in reduction of its urinary excretion. The pathophysiology of the disease is however still dubious. Indeed, Tamm-Horsfall protein functions are not well known (anti-infectious role, cristallisation inhibition, immunomodulating role). Knock-out mice do not develop renal phenotype but are more prone to E. coli urinary infections. Uromodulin gene mutations have also been described in medullary cystic kidney disease, an autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial nephropathy, considered at first as a distinct disorder. Genetic progress allowed us to consider familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy and medullary cystic kidney disease as the two facets of a same disease, we should call uromodulin associated kidney diseases. At least two other genes have been implicated in similar clinical presentation: TCF2 and the gene encoding renin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Hummel
- Service de néphrologie, hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France.
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22
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The rediscovery of uromodulin (Tamm-Horsfall protein): from tubulointerstitial nephropathy to chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2011; 80:338-47. [PMID: 21654721 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2011.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Uromodulin (Tamm-Horsfall protein) is the most abundant protein excreted in the urine under physiological conditions. It is exclusively produced in the kidney and secreted into the urine via proteolytic cleavage. Its biological function is still not fully understood. Uromodulin has been linked to water/electrolyte balance and to kidney innate immunity. Also, studies in knockout mice demonstrated that it has a protective role against urinary tract infections and renal stone formation. Mutations in the gene encoding uromodulin lead to rare autosomal dominant diseases, collectively referred to as uromodulin-associated kidney diseases. They are characterized by progressive tubulointerstitial damage, impaired urinary concentrating ability, hyperuricemia, renal cysts, and progressive renal failure. Novel in vivo studies point at intracellular accumulation of mutant uromodulin as a key primary event in the disease pathogenesis. Recently, genome-wide association studies identified uromodulin as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hypertension, and suggested that the level of uromodulin in the urine could represent a useful biomarker for the development of CKD. In this review, we summarize these recent investigations, ranging from invalidation studies in mouse to Mendelian disorders and genome-wide associations, which led to a rediscovery of uromodulin and boosted the scientific and clinical interest for this long discovered molecule.
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Bernascone I, Janas S, Ikehata M, Trudu M, Corbelli A, Schaeffer C, Rastaldi MP, Devuyst O, Rampoldi L. A transgenic mouse model for uromodulin-associated kidney diseases shows specific tubulo-interstitial damage, urinary concentrating defect and renal failure. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:2998-3010. [PMID: 20472742 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Uromodulin-associated kidney diseases (UAKD) are autosomal-dominant disorders characterized by alteration of urinary concentrating ability, tubulo-interstitial fibrosis, hyperuricaemia and renal cysts at the cortico-medullary junction. UAKD are caused by mutations in UMOD, the gene encoding uromodulin. Although uromodulin is the most abundant protein secreted in urine, its physiological role remains elusive. Several in vitro studies demonstrated that mutations in uromodulin lead to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention of mutant protein, but their relevance in vivo has not been studied. We here report on the generation and characterization of the first transgenic mouse model for UAKD. Transgenic mice that express the C147W mutant uromodulin (Tg(Umod)(C147W)), corresponding to the well-established patient mutation C148W, were compared with expression-matched transgenic mice expressing the wild-type protein (Tg(Umod)(wt)). Tg(Umod)(C147W) mice recapitulate most of the UAKD features, with urinary concentrating defect of renal origin and progressive renal injury, i.e. tubulo-interstitial fibrosis with inflammatory cell infiltration, tubule dilation and specific damage of the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop, leading to mild renal failure. As observed in patients, Tg(Umod)(C147W) mice show a marked reduction of urinary uromodulin excretion. Mutant uromodulin trafficking to the plasma membrane is indeed impaired as it is retained in the ER of expressing cells leading to ER hyperplasia. The Tg(Umod)(C147W) mice represent a unique model that recapitulates most of the features associated with UAKD. Our data clearly demonstrate a gain-of-toxic function of uromodulin mutations providing insights into the pathogenetic mechanism of the disease. These findings may also be relevant for other tubulo-interstitial or ER-storage disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Bernascone
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Milan, Italy
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24
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Zaucke F, Boehnlein JM, Steffens S, Polishchuk RS, Rampoldi L, Fischer A, Pasch A, Boehm CWA, Baasner A, Attanasio M, Hoppe B, Hopfer H, Beck BB, Sayer JA, Hildebrandt F, Wolf MTF. Uromodulin is expressed in renal primary cilia and UMOD mutations result in decreased ciliary uromodulin expression. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:1985-97. [PMID: 20172860 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Uromodulin (UMOD) mutations are responsible for three autosomal dominant tubulo-interstitial nephropathies including medullary cystic kidney disease type 2 (MCKD2), familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy and glomerulocystic kidney disease. Symptoms include renal salt wasting, hyperuricemia, gout, hypertension and end-stage renal disease. MCKD is part of the 'nephronophthisis-MCKD complex', a group of cystic kidney diseases. Both disorders have an indistinguishable histology and renal cysts are observed in either. For most genes mutated in cystic kidney disease, their proteins are expressed in the primary cilia/basal body complex. We identified seven novel UMOD mutations and were interested if UMOD protein was expressed in the primary renal cilia of human renal biopsies and if mutant UMOD would show a different expression pattern compared with that seen in control individuals. We demonstrate that UMOD is expressed in the primary cilia of renal tubules, using immunofluorescent studies in human kidney biopsy samples. The number of UMOD-positive primary cilia in UMOD patients is significantly decreased when compared with control samples. Additional immunofluorescence studies confirm ciliary expression of UMOD in cell culture. Ciliary expression of UMOD is also confirmed by electron microscopy. UMOD localization at the mitotic spindle poles and colocalization with other ciliary proteins such as nephrocystin-1 and kinesin family member 3A is demonstrated. Our data add UMOD to the group of proteins expressed in primary cilia, where mutations of the gene lead to cystic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Zaucke
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University Children's Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Prajczer S, Heidenreich U, Pfaller W, Kotanko P, Lhotta K, Jennings P. Evidence for a role of uromodulin in chronic kidney disease progression. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 25:1896-903. [PMID: 20075439 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfp748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uromodulin (also known as Tamm-Horsfall protein) is the most abundant urinary protein in healthy individuals and exhibits diverse functions including prevention of ascending urinary tract infections by binding type I-fimbriated Escherichia coli. Although uromodulin is targeted to the apical membrane of thick ascending limb (TAL) cells and secreted into the lumen, detectable levels are also found in venous blood. Uromodulin has been shown to interact with and activate specific components of the immune system, and thus, may act as a signalling molecule for renal tubular damage. METHODS In order to investigate the potential involvement of uromodulin in chronic kidney disease (CKD), we quantified uromodulin in paired urine and serum from 14 healthy volunteers and 77 CKD patients. Clinical parameters such as estimated GFR (eGFR), proteinuria and urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) were measured. Mean infiltration and atrophy score were assessed in patient biopsies. Additionally, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8 and IL-1 beta were measured in serum samples. RESULTS eGFR correlated positively with urinary uromodulin and negatively with serum uromodulin. Patients with abnormally low urinary uromodulin showed a broader range of serum uromodulin. Patients with both very low urinary and serum uromodulin had the highest tubular atrophy scores. There was a positive correlation of serum uromodulin with all cytokines measured. Additionally, in in vitro experiments, uromodulin caused a dose-dependent increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine release from whole blood. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that TAL damage, or damage distal to the TAL, results in an elevated interstitial uromodulin, which stimulates an inflammatory response. Persistent chronic TAL damage reduces TAL cell numbers and attenuates urinary and serum uromodulin concentrations. The combined analysis of serum and urinary uromodulin provides new insights into the role of uromodulin in CKD and suggest that uromodulin may be an active player in CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinikka Prajczer
- Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Innsbruck Medical University, Fritz-Pregl Strasse 3, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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26
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Shen HL, Xu ZG, Huang LY, Liu D, Lin DH, Cao JB, Zhang X, Wang ZQ, Wang WH, Yang PY, Han ZG. Liver-specific ZP domain-containing protein (LZP) as a new partner of Tamm-Horsfall protein harbors on renal tubules. Mol Cell Biochem 2008; 321:73-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-008-9921-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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Wu TH, Hsieh SC, Yu CY, Lee YF, Tsai CY, Yu CL. Intact protein core structure is essential for protein-binding, mononuclear cell proliferating, and neutrophil phagocytosis-enhancing activities of normal human urinary Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein. Int Immunopharmacol 2007; 8:90-9. [PMID: 18068104 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2007.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2007] [Revised: 10/12/2007] [Accepted: 10/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THP) is synthesized in the particular sites of renal tubules acting as a defense molecule in the urinary system. In the present study, we found that THP contained high amount of Siaalpha(2,3)Gal/GalNAc, moderate amount of beta(1,4)GlcNAc oligomers and GlcNAc/branched mannose, and low amount of mannose residues, but no Siaalpha(2,6)Gal/GalNAc, in the side-chains of the molecule. THP exhibited high binding affinity with human TNF-alpha, IgG, C1q and BSA, moderate binding affinity with IL-8, and low binding affinity with IL-6 and IFN-gamma. For exploring the role of carbohydrate side-chains and protein core in the protein-binding and cell-stimulating activities, THP was enzyme-digested with carbohydrate-specific [neuraminidase (Nase), beta-galactosidase (Gase)], protein-specific [V8 protease (V8), proteinase K (PaseK)] and glycoconjugate-specific [carboxypeptidase Y (Case), O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase (Oase)] degrading enzymes. We found that THP digested with V8, Oase, and PaseK, significantly reduced its protein-binding, mononuclear cell proliferating, and neutrophil phagocytosis-enhancing activities. These results suggest that the intact protein core structure, but not carbohydrate side-chains, is essential for pleotropic functions of THP molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Hung Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Section of Nephrology, National Yang-Ming University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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28
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Rhodes DCJ. Importance of carbohydrate in the interaction of Tamm‐Horsfall protein with complement 1q and inhibition of classical complement activation. Immunol Cell Biol 2006; 84:357-65. [PMID: 16594900 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1711.2006.01434.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) binds strongly to complement 1q (C1q), a key component of the classical complement pathway. The goals of this study were to determine whether THP altered the activation of the classical complement pathway and whether the carbohydrate portion of THP was involved in this glycoprotein's binding to C1q and alteration of complement activation. The ability of THP to prevent complement activation in diluted serum or plasma incubated at 37 degrees C was assessed using both a haemolytic assay with antibody-sensitized sheep RBC and a C4d ELISA. Both these methods showed that THP inhibited activation of the classical complement pathway in a dose-dependent manner. Glycosidases were used to remove most of the carbohydrate from THP. This partially deglycosylated THP bound human IgG with a higher affinity (KD1 = 1.4 nmol/L; KD2 = 0.31 micromol/L) than did intact THP (KD1 = 33.4 nmol/L; KD2 = 31.0 micromol/L). An ELISA showed that removal of carbohydrate from THP reduced, but did not eliminate, the ability of this protein to inhibit binding of C1q to intact THP. Haemolysis assays using antibody-sensitized sheep RBC showed that removal of THP carbohydrate eliminated the ability of THP to protect against complement activation. In conclusion, THP inhibited the activation of the classical complement pathway that occurred in diluted serum or plasma. The carbohydrate moieties of THP appeared to be important in this inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C J Rhodes
- Department of Anatomy, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kirksville, Missouri 63501, USA.
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Machii R, Kubota R, Hiratsuka N, Sugimoto K, Masudo R, Kurihara Y, Kobayashi S, Shiba K. Urinary protein fraction in healthy subjects using cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis followed by colloidal silver staining. J Clin Lab Anal 2005; 18:231-6. [PMID: 15202115 PMCID: PMC6807772 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.20028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported a rapid and highly sensitive colloidal silver staining solution suitable for the cellulose acetate membrane. This method was useful for detecting even very small amounts of urinary protein. In the present study, we examined urinary protein fractions in healthy subjects, using cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis (CAE) with a highly sensitive colloidal silver staining, in an attempt to determine the clinical relevance of urinary protein fractions. Sixty unconcentrated spot urine specimens were analyzed by CAE and calculated by densitometry. All of the samples were separated into five fractions by CAE. The mean +/- 1 SD of the percentage of five fractions was 28.37 +/- 8.51 in albumin, 4.30 +/- 4.19 in alpha1-globulin, 14.41 +/- 6.14 in alpha2-globulin, 19.45 +/- 7.10 in beta-globulin, and 33.46 +/- 8.24 in gamma-globulin. The albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio was 0.41 +/- 0.17. These six items and the concentrations of total protein, albumin, and beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) did not significantly differ between males and females. NAG is the marker of tubulointerstitial nephropathy. The results suggest that there are no gender-dependent differences in the urinary protein fractions of healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Machii
- Analytical Laboratory Chemistry, Graduate School of Allied Health Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Kubota
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Kyoritsu College of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Hiratsuka
- Analytical Laboratory Chemistry, Graduate School of Allied Health Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayo Sugimoto
- Analytical Laboratory Chemistry, Graduate School of Allied Health Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rie Masudo
- Analytical Laboratory Chemistry, Graduate School of Allied Health Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Kurihara
- Analytical Laboratory Chemistry, Graduate School of Allied Health Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Kyoritsu College of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Shiba
- Analytical Laboratory Chemistry, Graduate School of Allied Health Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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30
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Serafini-Cessi F, Malagolini N, Cavallone D. Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein: biology and clinical relevance. Am J Kidney Dis 2003; 42:658-76. [PMID: 14520616 DOI: 10.1016/s0272-6386(03)00829-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THP) is the most abundant urinary protein in mammals. Urinary excretion occurs by proteolytic cleavage of the large ectodomain of the glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-anchored counterpart exposed at the luminal cell surface of the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. We describe the physical-chemical structure of human THP and its biosynthesis and interaction with other proteins and leukocytes. The clinical relevance of THP reported here includes: (1) involvement in the pathogenesis of cast nephropathy, urolithiasis, and tubulointerstitial nephritis; (2) abnormalities in urinary excretion in renal diseases; and (3) the recent finding that familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy and autosomal dominant medullary cystic kidney disease 2 arise from mutations of the THP gene. We critically examine the literature on the physiological role and mechanism(s) that promote urinary excretion of THP. Some lines of research deal with the in vitro immunoregulatory activity of THP, termed uromodulin when isolated from urine of pregnant women. However, an immunoregulatory function in vivo has not yet been established. In the most recent literature, there is renewed interest in the capacity of urinary THP to compete efficiently with urothelial cell receptors, such as uroplakins, in adhering to type 1 fimbriated Escherichia coli. This property supports the notion that abundant THP excretion in urine is promoted in the host by selective pressure to obtain an efficient defense against urinary tract infections caused by uropathogenic bacteria.
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31
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Rhodes DCJ. Binding of Tamm-Horsfall protein to complement 1q and complement 1, including influence of hydrogen-ion concentration. Immunol Cell Biol 2002; 80:558-66. [PMID: 12406390 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1711.2002.01125.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to further characterize the interaction between an abundant urinary glycoprotein, Tamm-Horsfall protein, and complement 1q to determine the robustness of this reaction under different environmental conditions (particularly pH) and to begin to determine the specificity of this reaction. The influence of pH coupled with ionic strength was evaluated with an ELISA that demonstrated immobilized Tamm-Horsfall protein bound complement 1q strongly with a KD in the nmol/L range from pH 9 to pH 5.5. Increasing the ionic strength from 10 mmol/L sodium chloride (NaCl) to 154 mmol/L NaCl decreased the affinity of Tamm-Horsfall protein for complement 1q slightly (2-7-fold) at pH 9 to pH 6.5. A resonant mirror biosensor was also utilized to evaluate the binding of Tamm-Horsfall protein to complement 1q at different pH values (pH 8.2-5.8). These studies indicated that, compared to at pH 8.2, Tamm-Horsfall protein bound complement 1q at pH 5.8 with an almost two-fold higher affinity (pH 8.2, KD = 5.1 nmol/L vs at pH 5.8, KD = 2.8 nmol/L) due to a faster association rate (pH 8.2 kass = 1.6 x 106 L/mol per s vs pH 5.8 kass = 2.9 x 106 L/mol per s). Surprisingly, the capacity of Tamm-Horsfall protein for complement 1q decreased significantly at pH 5.8, suggesting that a site for complement 1q binding to Tamm-Horsfall protein may be lost at the acidic pH. Biosensor studies also showed that Tamm-Horsfall protein bound the entire complement 1 complex with binding affinities and association rates similar to those obtained for complement 1q individually. This suggested that Tamm-Horsfall protein bound complement 1q at a site other than the region of its collagenous tail where C1r2 and C1s2 bind. By western blot analysis, it was demonstrated that Tamm-Horsfall protein bound preferentially to the C chain of complement 1q.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C J Rhodes
- Department of Anatomy, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, Missouri 63501, USA.
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Cavallone D, Malagolini N, Frascà GM, Stefoni S, Serafini-Cessi F. Salt-precipitation method does not isolate to homogeneity Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein from urine of proteinuric patients and pregnant women. Clin Biochem 2002; 35:405-10. [PMID: 12270772 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9120(02)00329-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assessment of the degree of purification of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein from anomalous urine. DESIGN AND METHODS Two methods have been compared: the method of Tamm & Horsfall (T&H method) consisting in the precipitation of THP by the addition to urine of NaCl up to 0.58 mol/L and the filtration of urine through a diatomaceous earth filter (DEF method) in which THP is selectively trapped because of its gelation/aggregation tendency. The purity of THP preparations has been evaluated by SDS-PAGE analysis and Western blotting developed with anti immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and antichorionic gonadotropin antibodies. RESULTS All THPs isolated by T&H method from proteinuric patients were contaminated by IgG and one of the five preparations from pregnant women even by chorionic gonadotropin. A smaller or no contamination was found in THPs isolated by DEF method. CONCLUSIONS Although albumin is the most abundant protein in the anomalous urine, it never appears in THP preparations. The consistent contamination with IgG of THP prepared by salt precipitation-method might be related to the formation of a stable complex between the two proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cavallone
- Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, Via S Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Rhodes DC. Binding of Tamm-Horsfall protein to complement 1q measured by ELISA and resonant mirror biosensor techniques under various ionic-strength conditions. Immunol Cell Biol 2000; 78:474-82. [PMID: 11050529 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1711.2000.t01-3-.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to quantify the binding affinity between Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) and complement 1q (C1q) using ELISA and a resonant mirror biosensor. In ELISA, immobilized THP was incubated with soluble C1q under both low and physiological ionic-strength conditions. Tamm-Horsfall protein bound C1q with an equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of 1.9 +/- 0.6 nmol/L in low ionic-strength Tris buffers (20 mmol/L NaCl, pH 7.5) and with a lower affinity (KD of 13.4 +/- 4.7 nmol/L) in physiological-strength Tris buffers (154 mmol/L NaCl, pH 7.5). A resonant mirror biosensor, which monitors binding events in real-time, was used to quantify the KD of this reaction, as well as to estimate the kinetic parameters. In these studies, THP and C1q bound with an association rate constant, kass, of 1.25 x 105 L/mol per s and a dissociation rate constant, kdiss, of 0.002-0.005/s. The calculated KD for the THP/C1q binding in low ionic-strength buffers was higher (averages of 10-15 nmol/L) than that obtained by the ELISA, while physiological ionic-strength buffers still reduced the affinity of this binding by an order of magnitude. In conclusion, THP consistently bound C1q with high affinity using several techniques. At least a portion of this interaction involved electrostatic events, as demonstrated by the influence of ionic strength on the binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Rhodes
- Department of Anatomy, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kirksville, Missouri, USA.
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Herrera GA. Renal manifestations of plasma cell dyscrasias: an appraisal from the patients' bedside to the research laboratory. Ann Diagn Pathol 2000; 4:174-200. [PMID: 10919389 DOI: 10.1016/s1092-9134(00)90042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
One of the most prominent features of plasma cell dyscrasias is the frequent occurrence of renal dysfunction. Renal insufficiency is a common finding with elevated serum creatinine in more than 50% of patients with multiple myeloma at the time of diagnosis. Renal failure is the second most common cause of death in myeloma surpassed only by infections. The reasons for renal failure are multifactorial and early accurate diagnosis of the renal alterations may significantly impact morbidity and survival. Renal failure may result from selective glomerular, tubular interstitial, or vascular pathology or from a combination of pathologic events. The disorders associated with plasma cell dyscrasias include those characterized by monoclonal light chain deposition, encompassing AL-amyloidosis, in addition to the less well-characterized entities, such as heavy chain deposition disease and heavy chain amyloidosis. Therefore, it is more accurate to refer to them as monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition diseases. Staining of renal biopsy specimens for kappa and lambda light chains using immunofluorescence techniques and more sophisticated advanced diagnostic techniques such as immunoelectron microscopy permit detailed characterization of the various renal pathologic manifestations. Renal biopsies can identify monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition, and nephrologists have an opportunity to detect an underlying plasma cell dyscrasia early in its clinical course before overt hematologic alterations become manifest and irreversible renal damage has occurred. The overall spectrum of clinical and pathologic manifestations of monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition renal diseases has expanded considerably in recent years. Recent developments in the research arena promise new therapeutic interventions aimed at avoiding or ameliorating renal damage and even promoting reversal of some of the pathologic alterations. Currently, the 5-year survival rate in myeloma is 29% in white patients and 30% in African-American patients, a rather modest improvement from 24% in the 1970s. Bone marrow ablation followed by transplantation is available as an alternative mode of therapy that may be extraordinarily helpful in a subset of patients with early myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Herrera
- Department of Pathology, Medicine and Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport 71130, USA
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Rhodes DC, Hinsman EJ, Rhodes JA. Errors in reported association between Tamm-Horsfall protein and IgG. Kidney Int 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0085-2538(15)46353-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Olczak T, Olczak M, Dereniowska M, Strzelczyk R, Kubicz A. Alterations of the sugar moiety of Tamm-Horsfall protein in children with malignancies of lymphoid cells. Electrophoresis 1999; 20:1382-9. [PMID: 10424459 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-2683(19990601)20:7<1382::aid-elps1382>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine whether the sugar moiety of Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) is affected by pathological processes caused by acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). The carbohydrate part of THP was studied by monosaccharide analysis, N-glycan profiling, and reactivity with specific lectins. Our results have shown that THP of ALL or NHL patients, in comparison with healthy subjects, have modified sugar chains. This is expressed in lower contents of N-acetylgalactosamine, alpha2,6-linked sialic acid and alpha1,6-linked fucose as well as in altered proportions of various N-glycans. We have shown that pathological processes also affect the carbohydrate unit of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) isolated from sera of ALL or NHL patients. As compared with healthy subjects, in IgG of the patient group, lower amounts of sialic acid and fucose were observed. These changes did not influence the biological properties of THP as judged by their unaltered ability to bind with interleukin-1alpha, alpha1-acid glycoprotein, serum albumin, transferrin, IgG1 and the light and heavy chains of IgG. Neither the in vivo alterations of IgG caused by ALL or NHL nor its in vitro modifications influence the interaction between IgG and THP.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Olczak
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Wroclaw, Poland.
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