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Bedo D, Beaudrey T, Florens N. Unraveling Chronic Cardiovascular and Kidney Disorder through the Butterfly Effect. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:463. [PMID: 38472936 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14050463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic Cardiovascular and Kidney Disorder (CCKD) represents a growing challenge in healthcare, characterized by the complex interplay between heart and kidney diseases. This manuscript delves into the "butterfly effect" in CCKD, a phenomenon in which acute injuries in one organ lead to progressive dysfunction in the other. Through extensive review, we explore the pathophysiology underlying this effect, emphasizing the roles of acute kidney injury (AKI) and heart failure (HF) in exacerbating each other. We highlight emerging therapies, such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, and GLP1 agonists, that show promise in mitigating the progression of CCKD. Additionally, we discuss novel therapeutic targets, including Galectin-3 inhibition and IL33/ST2 pathway modulation, and their potential in altering the course of CCKD. Our comprehensive analysis underscores the importance of recognizing and treating the intertwined nature of cardiac and renal dysfunctions, paving the way for more effective management strategies for this multifaceted syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Bedo
- Nephrology Department, Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, F-67091 Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Team 3072 "Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and Muscle Protection", Translational Medicine Federation of Strasbourg (FMTS), F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas Beaudrey
- Nephrology Department, Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, F-67091 Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S 1109, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, ITI TRANSPLANTEX NG, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nans Florens
- Nephrology Department, Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, F-67091 Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S 1109, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, ITI TRANSPLANTEX NG, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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2
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Zhang SN, Liu Q, Li XZ, Yang WD, Zhou Y. Sophora tonkinensis and active compounds inhibit mitochondrial impairments, inflammation, and LDLR deficiency in myocardial ischemia mice through regulating the vesicle-mediated transport pathway. Fitoterapia 2024; 172:105756. [PMID: 38007052 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Ancient Chinese medicine literature and modern pharmacological studies show that Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep. (ST) has a protective effect on the heart. A biolabel research based on omics and bioinformatics and experimental validation were used to explore the application value of ST in the treatment of heart diseases. Therapeutic potential, mechanism of action, and material basis of ST in treating heart diseases were analyzed by proteomics, metabolomics, bioinformatics, and molecular docking. Cardioprotective effects and mechanisms of ST and active compounds were verified by echocardiography, HE and Masson staining, biochemical analysis, and ELISA in the isoproterenol hydrochloride-induced myocardial ischemia (MI) mice model. The biolabel research suggested that the therapeutic potential of ST for MI may be particularly significant among the heart diseases it may treat. In the isoprenaline hydrochloride-induced MI mice model, ST and its five active compounds (caffeic acid, gallic acid, betulinic acid, esculetin, and cinnamic acid) showed significant protective effects against echocardiographic changes and histopathological damages of the ischemic myocardial tissue. Meanwhile, they showed a tendency to correct mitochondrial structure and function damage and the abnormal expression of 12 biolables (DCTN1, DCTN3, and SCARB2, etc.) in the vesicle-mediated transport pathway, inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10, etc.), and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). The biolabel research identifies a new application value of ST in the treatment of heart diseases. ST and its active compounds inhibit mitochondrial impairments, inflammation, and LDLR deficiency through regulating the vesicle-mediated transport pathway, thus achieving the purpose of treating MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Nan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guian New Area, 550025, PR China
| | - Qi Liu
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, PR China
| | - Xu-Zhao Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guian New Area, 550025, PR China.
| | - Wu-De Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guian New Area, 550025, PR China.
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guian New Area, 550025, PR China.
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Zhang J, Ding W, Liu J, Wan J, Wang M. Scavenger Receptors in Myocardial Infarction and Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: The Potential for Disease Evaluation and Therapy. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e027862. [PMID: 36645089 PMCID: PMC9939064 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.027862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Scavenger receptors (SRs) are a structurally heterogeneous superfamily of evolutionarily conserved receptors that are divided into classes A to J. SRs can recognize multiple ligands, such as modified lipoproteins, damage-associated molecular patterns, and pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and regulate lipid metabolism, immunity, and homeostasis. According to the literature, SRs may play a critical role in myocardial infarction and ischemia/reperfusion injury, and the soluble types of SRs may be a series of promising biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome or acute myocardial infarction. In this review, we briefly summarize the structure and function of SRs and discuss the association between each SR and ischemic cardiac injury in patients and animal models in detail. A better understanding of the effect of SRs on ischemic cardiac injury will inspire novel ideas for therapeutic drug discovery and disease evaluation in patients with myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishou Zhang
- Department of CardiologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina,Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina,Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Wen Ding
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Jianfang Liu
- Department of CardiologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina,Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina,Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of CardiologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina,Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina,Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Menglong Wang
- Department of CardiologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina,Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina,Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
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Manshori M, Kazemnejad S, Naderi N, Darzi M, Aboutaleb N, Golshahi H. Systemic delivery of menstrual blood stem cells is more effective in preventing remote organ injuries following myocardial infarction in comparison with bone marrow stem cells in rat. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:645-652. [PMID: 37275762 PMCID: PMC10237164 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.67574.14809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Remote organ injury is a phenomenon that could happen following myocardial infarction (MI). We evaluated the potency of menstrual blood stromal (stem) cells (MenSCs) and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) to alleviate remote organ injuries following MI in rats. Materials and Methods 2 × 106 MenSCs or BMSCs were administrated seven days after MI induction via the tail vein. Four weeks after cell therapy, activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea, creatinine, and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) were evaluated. The level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 were determined by ELISA assay. The expression of Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Apoptosis activity and tissue damage were also determined by TUNEL and H&E staining, respectively. Results MenSCs and BMSCs administration caused a significant reduction in AST, urea, and BUN levels compared with the MI group. In addition, systemic injection of MenSCs significantly decreased the IL-1β level compared with BMSCs and MI groups (P<0.05 and P<0.01 respectively). Apoptosis in injured kidneys was noticeably diminished in MenSCs-treated rats compared with BMSCs administrated and MI groups (P<0.05 and P<0.05, respectively). In hepatic tissue, limited numbers of TUNEL-positive cells were detected in all groups. Interestingly, MenSCs therapy evoked inhibition of NF-κB in the kidney strikingly. Although, no significant NF-κB expression was observed in hepatic tissue in any group (P>0.05). Conclusion MenSCs are probably more protective than BMSCs on remote organ injuries following MI via decreasing cell death and immunoregulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Manshori
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaieh Kazemnejad
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Naderi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Darzi
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Aboutaleb
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hannaneh Golshahi
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Gabbin B, Meraviglia V, Mummery CL, Rabelink TJ, van Meer BJ, van den Berg CW, Bellin M. Toward Human Models of Cardiorenal Syndrome in vitro. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:889553. [PMID: 35694669 PMCID: PMC9177996 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.889553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart and kidney diseases cause high morbidity and mortality. Heart and kidneys have vital functions in the human body and, interestingly, reciprocally influence each other’s behavior: pathological changes in one organ can damage the other. Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a group of disorders in which there is combined dysfunction of both heart and kidney, but its underlying biological mechanisms are not fully understood. This is because complex, multifactorial, and dynamic mechanisms are likely involved. Effective treatments are currently unavailable, but this may be resolved if more was known about how the disease develops and progresses. To date, CRS has actually only been modeled in mice and rats in vivo. Even though these models can capture cardiorenal interaction, they are difficult to manipulate and control. Moreover, interspecies differences may limit extrapolation to patients. The questions we address here are what would it take to model CRS in vitro and how far are we? There are already multiple independent in vitro (human) models of heart and kidney, but none have so far captured their dynamic organ-organ crosstalk. Advanced in vitro human models can provide an insight in disease mechanisms and offer a platform for therapy development. CRS represents an exemplary disease illustrating the need to develop more complex models to study organ-organ interaction in-a-dish. Human induced pluripotent stem cells in combination with microfluidic chips are one powerful tool with potential to recapitulate the characteristics of CRS in vitro. In this review, we provide an overview of the existing in vivo and in vitro models to study CRS, their limitations and new perspectives on how heart-kidney physiological and pathological interaction could be investigated in vitro for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Gabbin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Viviana Meraviglia
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Christine L. Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Ton J. Rabelink
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Berend J. van Meer
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Cathelijne W. van den Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Milena Bellin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
- *Correspondence: Milena Bellin, ,
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6
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Experimental models of acute kidney injury for translational research. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:277-293. [PMID: 35173348 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-022-00539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical models of human disease provide powerful tools for therapeutic discovery but have limitations. This problem is especially apparent in the field of acute kidney injury (AKI), in which clinical trial failures have been attributed to inaccurate modelling performed largely in rodents. Multidisciplinary efforts such as the Kidney Precision Medicine Project are now starting to identify molecular subtypes of human AKI. In addition, over the past decade, there have been developments in human pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids as well as zebrafish, rodent and large animal models of AKI. These organoid and AKI models are being deployed at different stages of preclinical therapeutic development. However, the traditionally siloed, preclinical investigator-driven approaches that have been used to evaluate AKI therapeutics to date rarely account for the limitations of the model systems used and have given rise to false expectations of clinical efficacy in patients with different AKI pathophysiologies. To address this problem, there is a need to develop more flexible and integrated approaches, involving teams of investigators with expertise in a range of different model systems, working closely with clinical investigators, to develop robust preclinical evidence to support more focused interventions in patients with AKI.
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Wang X, Li X, Liu S, Brickell AN, Zhang J, Wu Z, Zhou S, Ding Z. PCSK9 regulates pyroptosis via mtDNA damage in chronic myocardial ischemia. Basic Res Cardiol 2020; 115:66. [PMID: 33180196 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-020-00832-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and pyroptosis both play important roles in myocardial infarction. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that PCSK9 regulates pyroptosis in cardiomyocytes during chronic myocardial ischemia. Primary cardiomyocytes were isolated from WT and PCSK9-/- mice. HL-1 cardiomyocytes were used to set up PCSK9-deficient (PCSK9-/-) and PCSK9-upregulated (PCSK9CRISPRa) cardiomyocyte cell line with CRISPR/Cas9 knockout or activation plasmid. Additional studies were performed with chronic myocardial ischemia in WT and PCSK9-/- mice. We observed that PCSK9 initiates mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage, activates NLRP3 inflammasome signaling (NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18), and subsequently induces Caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis. There was an intense expression of PCSK9 and pyroptosis marker, GSDMD-NT, in the zone bordering the infarct area. PCSK9-/- significantly suppressed expression of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling, GSDMD-NT, and LDH release. Furthermore, serum levels of PCSK9, NLPR3 inflammasome signaling, and pyroptosis (GSDMD and LDH release) were significantly elevated in patients with chronic myocardial ischemia as compared to those in age-matched healthy subjects. Human hearts with recent infarcts also showed high expression of PCSK9 and GSDMD-NT in the border zone similar to that in the infarcted mouse heart. These observations provide compelling evidence for the role of PCSK9 in regulating Caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis via mtDNA damage and may qualify pro-inflammatory cytokines and pyroptosis as potential targets to treat PCSK9-related cardiovascular diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Animals
- Case-Control Studies
- Caspase 1/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Chronic Disease
- DNA Damage
- DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics
- DNA, Mitochondrial/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Humans
- Inflammasomes/metabolism
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Middle Aged
- Mitochondria, Heart/enzymology
- Mitochondria, Heart/genetics
- Mitochondria, Heart/pathology
- Myocardial Ischemia/enzymology
- Myocardial Ischemia/genetics
- Myocardial Ischemia/pathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism
- Phosphate-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Proprotein Convertase 9/genetics
- Proprotein Convertase 9/metabolism
- Pyroptosis
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shijie Liu
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Anna N Brickell
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Jinghang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zekun Wu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Sichang Zhou
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Zufeng Ding
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA.
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8
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Liu S. Heart-kidney interactions: mechanistic insights from animal models. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 316:F974-F985. [PMID: 30838876 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00624.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological changes in the heart or kidney can instigate the release of a cascade of cardiorenal mediators that promote injury in the other organ. Combined dysfunction of heart and kidney is referred to as cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) and has gained considerable attention. CRS has been classified into five distinct entities, each with different major pathophysiological changes. Despite the magnitude of the public health problem of CRS, the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood, and effective intervention is unavailable. Animal models have allowed us to discover pathogenic molecular changes to clarify the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for heart-kidney interactions and to enable more accurate risk stratification and effective intervention. Here, this article focuses on the use of currently available animal models to elucidate mechanistic insights in the clinical cardiorenal phenotype arising from primary cardiac injury, primary renal disease with special emphasis of chronic kidney disease-specific risk factors, and simultaneous cardiorenal/renocardiac dysfunction. The development of novel animal models that recapitulate more closely the cardiorenal phenotype in a clinical scenario and discover the molecular basis of this condition will be of great benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
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9
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Lyu JJ, Mehta JL, Li Y, Ye L, Sun SN, Sun HS, Li JC, Zhang DM, Wei J. Mitochondrial Autophagy and NLRP3 Inflammasome in Pulmonary Tissues from Severe Combined Immunodeficient Mice after Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:1174-1184. [PMID: 29722336 PMCID: PMC5956768 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.231519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence of cancer, diabetes, and autoimmune diseases has been increasing. Furthermore, there are more and more patients with solid organ transplants. The survival rate of these immunocompromised individuals is extremely low when they are severely hit-on. In this study, we established cardiac arrest cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) model in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice, analyzed the expression and activation of mitochondrial autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome/caspase-1, and explored mitochondrial repair and inflammatory injury in immunodeficiency individual during systemic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods: A potassium chloride-induced cardiac arrest model was established in C57BL/6 and nonobese diabetic/SCID (NOD/SCID) mice. One hundred male C57BL/6 mice and 100 male NOD/SCID mice were randomly divided into five groups (control, 2 h post-CPR, 12 h post-CPR, 24 h post-CPR, and 48 h post-CPR). A temporal dynamic view of alveolar epithelial cells, macrophages, and neutrophils from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained using Giemsa staining. Spatial characterization of phenotypic analysis of macrophages in the lung interstitial tissue was analyzed by flow cytometry. The morphological changes of mitochondria 48 h after CPR were studied by transmission electron microscopy and quantified according to the Flameng grading system. Western blotting analysis was used to detect the expression and activation of the markers of mitochondrial autophagy, NLRP3 inflammasome, and caspase-1. Results: (1) In NOD/SCID mice, macrophages were disintegrated in BALF, and many alveolar epithelial cells were shed at 48 h after resuscitation. Compared with C57BL/6 mice, the ratio of macrophages/total cells peaked at 12 h and was significantly higher in NOD/SCID mice (31.17 ± 4.13 vs. 49.69 ± 2.43, t = 14.46, P = 0.001). After 24 h, the results showed a downward trend. Furthermore, a large number of macrophages were disintegrated in the BALF. (2) Mitochondrial autophagy was present in both C57BL/6 and NOD/SCID mice after CPR, but it began late in the NOD/SCID mice. Compared with C57BL/6 mice, phos-ULK1 (Ser327) expression was significantly lower at 2 h and 12 h after CPR (2 h after CPR: 1.88 ± 0.36 vs. 1.12 ± 0.11, t = −1.36, P < 0.01 and 12 h after CPR: 1.52 ± 0.16 vs. 1.05 ± 0.12, t = −0.33, P < 0.01), whereas phos-ULK1 (Ser757) expression was significantly higher at 2 h and 12 h after CPR in NOD/SCID mice (2 h after CPR: 1.28 ± 0.12 vs. 1.69 ± 0.14, t = 1.7, P < 0.01 and 12 h after CPR: 1.33 ± 0.10 vs. 1.94 ± 0.13, t = 2.75, P < 0.01). (3) Furthermore, NLRP3 inflammasome/caspase-1 activation in the pulmonary tissues occurred early and for only a short time in C57BL/6 mice, but this phenomenon was sustained in NOD/SCID mice. The expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome increased modestly in the C57 mice, but the increase was higher in the NOD/SCID mice than in the C57BL/6 mice, especially at 12, 24, 48 h after CPR (48 h after CPR: 1.46 ± 0.13 vs. 2.97 ± 0.19, t = 5.34, P = 0.001). The expression of caspase-1-20 generally followed the same pattern as the NLRP3 inflammasome. Conclusions: There is a regulatory relationship between the NLRP3 inflammasome and mitochondrial autophagy after CPR in the healthy mice. This regulatory relationship was disturbed in the NOD/SCID mice because the signals for mitochondrial autophagy occurred late, and NLRP3 inflammasome- and caspase-1-dependent cell injury was sustained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jun Lyu
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Jawahar L Mehta
- Department of Medicine, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Emergency, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100032, China
| | - Lu Ye
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Sun
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Hong-Shuang Sun
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Jia-Chang Li
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Dong-Mei Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
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10
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Chang D, Wang YC, Xu TT, Peng XG, Cai Y, Wang L, Bai YY, Ju S. Noninvasive Identification of Renal Hypoxia in Experimental Myocardial Infarctions of Different Sizes by Using BOLD MR Imaging in a Mouse Model. Radiology 2017; 286:129-139. [PMID: 28777704 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2017161998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To test the feasibility of using blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to measure alterations in renal oxygenation in a mouse model with experimental myocardial infarctions (MIs) of different sizes. Materials and Methods The study was approved by the local animal ethics committee. One hundred eighty-nine male C57BL/6 J mice were randomly subjected to MI surgery (with different locations of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion) or sham surgery, defined as the exposure of the heart but no ligation. Mice with MI underwent late gadolinium enhancement imaging 1 day after occlusion to confirm infarct size. Mice were sorted into three groups: those with large MI (n = 48), those with small MI (n = 48), and those with sham operation (n = 36). Renal BOLD MR imaging was performed before and 1, 7, 14, 28, and 60 days after MI, and histologic analysis of renal hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) was performed to evaluate tissue hypoxia and kidney injury in subgroups imaged at each time point. The relationships between the BOLD R2* and HIF-1α expression and between HIF-1α and KIM-1 expression were assessed. Statistical analyses were performed with one-way analysis of variance or the Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman correlation test. Results A significant elevation in R2* was detected in the MI groups compared with the sham group in the cortex (P < .001 for large MI vs sham group; P = .007 for small MI vs sham group) and medulla (P < .001 for large MI vs sham group; P = .003 for small MI vs sham group) on day 60, and R2* was higher in the large MI group than in the small MI group (P < .001). Renal HIF-1α expression was increased after MI and showed linear correlation with R2* in the cortex (R2 = 0.56) and medulla (R2 = 0.63). In addition, an increase in renal KIM-1 was observed in the MI groups compared with the sham group on day 60 (sham group, 53.9 × 103 arbitrary units [au] ± 35.2; large MI group, 389.3 × 103 au ± 99.8; and small MI group, 185.8 × 103 au ± 91.9; P < .001 for large MI group vs sham group; P = .037 for small MI group vs sham group), and renal KIM-1 showed a positive correlation with HIF-1α (R2 = 0.68). Conclusion The magnitude of renal hypoxia with MIs of different sizes can be noninvasively measured with BOLD MR imaging, and increased renal hypoxia is a potential risk factor for progressive tubulointerstitial injury in mouse kidneys. © RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chang
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Rd, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuan-Cheng Wang
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Rd, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ting-Ting Xu
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Rd, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xin-Gui Peng
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Rd, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu Cai
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Rd, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lin Wang
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Rd, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ying-Ying Bai
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Rd, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shenghong Ju
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Rd, Nanjing 210009, China
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Nguyen MN, Choi TG, Nguyen DT, Kim JH, Jo YH, Shahid M, Akter S, Aryal SN, Yoo JY, Ahn YJ, Cho KM, Lee JS, Choe W, Kang I, Ha J, Kim SS. CRC-113 gene expression signature for predicting prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:31674-92. [PMID: 26397224 PMCID: PMC4741632 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of global cancer mortality. Recent studies have proposed several gene signatures to predict CRC prognosis, but none of those have proven reliable for predicting prognosis in clinical practice yet due to poor reproducibility and molecular heterogeneity. Here, we have established a prognostic signature of 113 probe sets (CRC-113) that include potential biomarkers and reflect the biological and clinical characteristics. Robustness and accuracy were significantly validated in external data sets from 19 centers in five countries. In multivariate analysis, CRC-113 gene signature showed a stronger prognostic value for survival and disease recurrence in CRC patients than current clinicopathological risk factors and molecular alterations. We also demonstrated that the CRC-113 gene signature reflected both genetic and epigenetic molecular heterogeneity in CRC patients. Furthermore, incorporation of the CRC-113 gene signature into a clinical context and molecular markers further refined the selection of the CRC patients who might benefit from postoperative chemotherapy. Conclusively, CRC-113 gene signature provides new possibilities for improving prognostic models and personalized therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Nam Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gyu Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jin-Hwan Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hwa Jo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Salima Akter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Saurav Nath Aryal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Youn Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Joo Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Min Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wonchae Choe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Insug Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawahar L Mehta
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock.
| | - Naga Venkata K Pothineni
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock
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13
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Modulation of myocardial injury and collagen deposition following ischaemia-reperfusion by linagliptin and liraglutide, and both together. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:1353-62. [PMID: 27129181 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies have indicated that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists reduce infarct size after myocardial ischaemia. Whether these agents modify cardiac remodelling after ischaemia is unclear. Furthermore, it is not known if combination of the two types of drugs is superior to either agent alone. We investigated the modulatory effect of the DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin alone, the GLP-1 activator liraglutide alone, or the two agents together on myocardial infarct size, left ventricular contractile function and cardiac remodelling signals after a brief period of left coronary artery (LCA) occlusion. C57BL/6 mice were treated with vehicle, the DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin, the GLP-1 activator liraglutide, or both agents together for 5 days, and then subjected to LCA occlusion (1 h) and reperfusion (3 h). Ischaemia-reperfusion increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and expression of NADPH oxidase (p47(phox), p22(phox) and gp91(phox) subtypes), collagens, fibronectin and proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin 6, tumour necrosis factor α and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) in the LCA-supplied regions. Pre-treatment with linagliptin or liraglutide reduced infarct size, protected cardiomyocytes from injury and preserved cardiac contractile function in a similar fashion. It is interesting that profibrotic (collagen deposition) signals were expressed soon after ischaemia-reperfusion. Both linagliptin and liraglutide suppressed ROS generation, NADPH oxidase and proinflammatory signals, and reduced collagen deposition. Addition of linagliptin or liraglutide had no significant additive effect above and beyond that of liraglutide and linagliptin given alone. In conclusion, linagliptin and liraglutide can improve cardiac contractile function and indices of cardiac remodelling, which may be related to their role in inhibition of ROS production and proinflammatory cytokines after ischaemia.
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14
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Xue J, Zhang X, Zhang C, Kang N, Liu X, Yu J, Zhang N, Wang H, Zhang L, Chen R, Cui L, Wang L, Wang X. Protective effect of Naoxintong against cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 182:181-189. [PMID: 26902830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Naoxintong (NXT), a renowned traditional Chinese medicine in China, has been used for the treatment of acute and chronic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases in clinic for more than 20 years. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the potential neuroprotective effect of NXT against ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice and investigate the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Focal cerebral I/R injury in adult male CD-1 mice was induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) for 1h followed by reperfusion for 23h. Mice were randomly divided into five groups: Sham group; tMCAO group; Vehicle group; NXT-treated groups at doses of 0.36g/kg and 0.54g/kg. The effects of NXT on murine neurological function were estimated by neurological defect scores, infarct volume and brain water content at 24h after tMCAO. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the expression of LOX-1, pERK1/2 and NF-κB at 24h after tMCAO. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of LOX-1 and NF-κB at 24h after tMCAO. RESULTS Compared with Vehicle group, 0.54g/kg group of NXT significantly ameliorated neurological outcome, infarction volume and brain water content, decreased the expression of LOX-1, pERK1/2 and NF-κB (P<0.05). CONCLUSION NXT protected the mice brain against I/R injury, and this protection maybe associated with the down-regulation of LOX-1, pERK1/2 and NF-κB expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xue
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, PR China
| | - Xiangjian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, PR China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, PR China.
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, PR China
| | - Ning Kang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, PR China
| | - Jingying Yu
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, PR China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, PR China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, PR China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, PR China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, PR China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, PR China
| | - Lili Cui
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, PR China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, PR China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, PR China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, PR China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, PR China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, PR China
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15
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Angelini A, Castellani C, Virzì GM, Fedrigo M, Thiene G, Valente M, Ronco C, Vescovo G. The Role of Congestion in Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 2: New Pathophysiological Insights into an Experimental Model of Heart Failure. Cardiorenal Med 2015; 6:61-72. [PMID: 27194997 DOI: 10.1159/000440775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In cardiorenal syndrome type 2 (CRS2), the role of systemic congestion in heart failure (HF) is still obscure. We studied a model of CRS2 [monocrotaline (MCT)-treated rats] secondary to pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular (RV) failure in order to evaluate the contribution of prevalent congestion to the development of kidney injury. METHODS Ten animals were treated with MCT for 4 weeks until they developed HF. Eleven animals were taken as controls. Signs of hypertrophy and dilatation of the right ventricle demonstrated the occurrence of HF. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), serum creatinine (sCreatinine), both kidney and heart neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), serum cytokines as well as kidney and heart cell death, as assessed by TUNEL, were studied. RESULTS Rats with HF showed higher BNP levels [chronic HF (CHF) 4.8 ± 0.5 ng/ml; controls 1.5 ± 0.2 ng/ml; p < 0.0001], marked RV hypertrophy and dilatation (RV mass/RV volume: CHF 1.46 ± 0.31, controls 2.41 ± 0.81; p < 0.01) as well as pleural and peritoneal effusions. A significant increase in proinflammatory cytokines and sCreatinine was observed (CHF 3.06 ± 1.3 pg/ml vs. controls 0.54 ± 0.23 pg/ml; p = 0.04). Serum (CHF 562.7 ± 93.34 ng/ml vs. controls 245.3 ± 58.19 ng/ml; p = 0.02) as well as renal and heart tissue NGAL levels [CHF 70,680 ± 4,337 arbitrary units (AU) vs. controls 32,120 ± 4,961 AU; p = 0.001] rose significantly, and they were found to be complexed with MMP9 in CHF rats. A higher number of kidney TUNEL-positive tubular cells was also detected (CHF 114.01 ± 45.93 vs. controls 16.36 ± 11.60 cells/mm(2); p = 0.0004). CONCLUSION In this model of CHF with prevalent congestion, kidney injury is characterized by tubular damage and systemic inflammation. The upregulated NGAL complexed with MMP9 perpetuates the vicious circle of kidney/heart damage by enhancing the enzymatic activity of MMP9 with extracellular matrix degradation, worsening heart remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Angelini
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Chiara Castellani
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Grazia Maria Virzì
- Department of Nephrology, International Renal Research Institute Vicenza (IRRIV), Vicenza, Italy
| | - Marny Fedrigo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Gaetano Thiene
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Valente
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Claudio Ronco
- Department of Nephrology, International Renal Research Institute Vicenza (IRRIV), Vicenza, Italy
| | - Giorgio Vescovo
- Internal Medicine Unit, Sant'Antonio Hospital Padua, Padua, Vicenza, Italy
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16
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Pesce P, Cecchetto L, Brocco S, Bolognesi M, Sodhi K, Abraham NG, Sacerdoti D. Characterization of a murine model of cardiorenal syndrome type 1 by high-resolution Doppler sonography. J Ultrasound 2015; 18:229-35. [PMID: 26261465 PMCID: PMC4529411 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-014-0129-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cardiorenal syndrome type 1 (CRS-1) is the acute kidney disfunction caused by an acute worsening of cardiac function. CRS-1 is the consequence of renal vasoconstriction secondary to renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation. No animal models of CRS-1 are described in literature. PURPOSE To characterize a murine model of CRS-1 by using a high-resolution ultrasound echo-color Doppler system (VEVO2100). MATERIALS Post-ischemic heart failure was induced by coronary artery ligation (LAD) in seven CD1 mice. Fifteen and thirty days after surgery, mice underwent cardiac and renal echo-color Doppler. Serum creatinine and plasma renin activity were measured after killing. Animals were compared to seven CD1 control mice. RESULTS Heart failure with left ventricle dilatation (end diastolic area, p < 0.05 vs. controls) and significantly reduced ejection fraction (EF; p < 0.01 vs. controls) was evident 15 days after LAD. We measured a significant renal vasoconstriction in infarcted mice characterized by increased renal pulsatility index (PI; p < 0.05 vs. controls) associated to increased creatinine and renin levels (p < 0.05 vs. controls). CONCLUSIONS The mice model of LAD is a good model of CRS-1 evaluable by Doppler sonography and characterized by renal vasoconstriction due to the activation of the renin-angiotensin system secondary to heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Pesce
- />Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - L. Cecchetto
- />Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - S. Brocco
- />Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - M. Bolognesi
- />Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - K. Sodhi
- />Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755 USA
| | - N. G. Abraham
- />Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755 USA
| | - D. Sacerdoti
- />Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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Park M. Islands in the stream: the risk of kidney disease from cardiovascular disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2015; 65:647-9. [PMID: 25919498 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meyeon Park
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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18
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Wu H, Zhou S, Kong L, Chen J, Feng W, Cai J, Miao L, Tan Y. Metallothionein deletion exacerbates intermittent hypoxia-induced renal injury in mice. Toxicol Lett 2015; 232:340-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sun D, Eirin A, Zhu XY, Zhang X, Crane JA, Woollard JR, Lerman A, Lerman LO. Experimental coronary artery stenosis accelerates kidney damage in renovascular hypertensive swine. Kidney Int 2014; 87:719-27. [PMID: 25337776 PMCID: PMC4382395 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2014.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The impact of coronary artery stenosis (CAS) to renal injury is unknown. Here we tested whether the existence of CAS, regardless of concurrent atherosclerosis, would induce kidney injury and magnify its susceptibility to damage from co-existing hypertension (HT). Pigs (7 each) were assigned to Sham, left-circumflex CAS, renovascular HT, and CAS plus HT groups. Cardiac and non-stenotic kidney functions, circulating and renal inflammatory and oxidative markers, and renal and microvascular remodeling, were assessed 10 weeks later. Myocardial perfusion declined distal to CAS. Systemic levels of PGF2-α isoprostane, a marker of oxidative stress, increased in CAS and CAS plus HT, while single-kidney blood flow responses to acetylcholine were significantly blunted only in CAS plus HT compared to sham, HT, and CAS, indicating renovascular endothelial dysfunction. Tissue expression of inflammatory and oxidative markers were elevated in the CAS pig kidney, and further magnified in CAS plus HT, whereas angiogenic factor expression was decreased. Bendavia, a mitochondria-targeted peptide, decreased oxidative stress and improved renal function and structure in CAS. Furthermore, CAS and HT synergistically amplified glomerulosclerosis and renal fibrosis. Thus, mild myocardial ischemia, independent of systemic atherosclerosis, induced renal injury, possibly mediated by increased oxidative stress. Superimposed HT aggravates renal inflammation and endothelial dysfunction caused by CAS, and synergistically promotes kidney fibrosis, providing impetus to preserve cardiac integrity in order to protect the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Sun
- 1] Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA [2] Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - John A Crane
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - John R Woollard
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amir Lerman
- Division Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- 1] Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA [2] Division Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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20
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High fat diet causes renal fibrosis in LDLr-null mice through MAPK-NF-κB pathway mediated by Ox-LDL. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2014; 63:158-66. [PMID: 24220312 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia, particularly increased LDL-cholesterol level in serum, is associated with atherosclerosis and fibrosis in different organs. This study was designed to investigate the effects of increase in LDL-cholesterol on renal fibrosis. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and LDLr knockout (KO) mice were fed standard or high fat diet (HFD), and their kidneys were collected after 26 weeks of dietary intervention for identification of fibrosis and study of potential mechanisms. Additional studies were performed in cultured renal fibroblasts. RESULTS We observed extensive and diffuse fibrosis in the kidneys of mice given HFD (P < 0.05 vs. standard chow). Fibrosis was associated with enhanced expression of fibronectin, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases and activated p38 and p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). There was evidence for accumulation of 4-hydroxynonenal, a lipid peroxidation product, in the kidneys and of ox-LDL in the arteries of LDLr KO mice given HFD. The expression of ox-LDL receptor LOX-1 and of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) was increased in these kidneys. All these changes were more pronounced in LDLr KO mice than in the WT mice. In in vitro studies, treatment of fibroblasts from kidneys of LDLr KO mice with ox-LDL showed intense proliferation and collagen formation (all P < 0.05, fibroblasts from WT mice kidneys). Blockade of p38 MAPK, p44/42 MAPK, or NF-κB significantly attenuated expression of profibrotic signals, collagen formation, and proliferation of fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS HFD induces renal fibrosis in LDLr-null mice primarily through activation of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase MAPK-NF-κB pathway by ox-LDL.
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Ding Z, Liu S, Wang X, Theus S, Fan Y, Deng X, Mehta JL. LOX-1 – dependent mitochondrial DNA damage and NLRP3 activation during systemic inflammation in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 451:637-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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22
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Lekawanvijit S, Krum H. Cardiorenal syndrome: acute kidney injury secondary to cardiovascular disease and role of protein-bound uraemic toxins. J Physiol 2014; 592:3969-83. [PMID: 24907309 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.273078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and kidney disease are closely interrelated. Disease of one organ can induce dysfunction of the other, ultimately leading to failure of both. Clinical awareness of synergistic adverse clinical outcomes in patients with coexisting CVD and kidney disease or 'cardiorenal syndrome (CRS)' has existed. Renal dysfunction, even mild, is a strong independent predictor for poor prognosis in CVD patients. Developing therapeutic interventions targeting acute kidney injury (AKI) has been limited due mainly to lack of effective tools to accurately detect AKI in a timely manner. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule-1 have been recently demonstrated to be potential candidate biomarkers in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. However, further validation of AKI biomarkers is needed in other CVD settings, especially acute decompensated heart failure and acute myocardial infarction where AKI commonly occurs. The other concern with regard to understanding the pathogenesis of renal complications in CVD is that mechanistically oriented studies have been relatively rare. Pre-clininal studies have shown that activation of renal inflammation-fibrosis processes, probably triggered by haemodynamic derangement, underlies CVD-associated renal dysfunction. On the other hand, it is postulated that there still are missing links in the heart-kidney connection in CRS patients who have significant renal dysfunction. At present, non-dialysable protein-bound uraemic toxins (PBUTs) appear to be the main focus in this regard. Evidence of the causal role of PBUTs in CRS has been increasingly demonstrated, mainly focusing on indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (pCS). Both IS and pCS are derived from colonic microbiotic metabolism of dietary amino acids, and hence the colon has become a target of treatment in addition to efforts to improve dialysis techniques for better removal of PBUTs. Novel therapy targeting the site of toxin production has led to new prospects in early intervention for predialysis patients with chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suree Lekawanvijit
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Henry Krum
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Chatauret N, Favreau F, Giraud S, Thierry A, Rossard L, Le Pape S, Lerman LO, Hauet T. Diet-induced increase in plasma oxidized LDL promotes early fibrosis in a renal porcine auto-transplantation model. J Transl Med 2014; 12:76. [PMID: 24655356 PMCID: PMC3994364 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In kidney transplantation, the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia as a co-morbidity factor known to affect graft function, is rising due to the increased number of older donors in response to organ shortage as well as to the hyperlipidemic effects of immunosuppressors in recipient. This study aimed to characterize the effects of hypercholesterolemia on renal graft outcome, investigating the role of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL). METHODS In vivo, we used a porcine preclinical model of renal auto-transplantation modulated by two experimental diets: a normal (n = 6) or a hyperlipidemic diet (n = 5) maintained during the 3 month follow-up after the surgical procedure. Kidney function and OxLDL levels were monitored as well as fibrosis, LOX-1 and TGF beta signaling pathways. In vitro, we used human artery endothelial cells subjected to OxLDL to investigate the TGF beta profibrotic pathway and the role of the scavenger receptor LOX-1. RESULTS Hyperlipidemic diet-induced increase in plasma OxLDL levels at the time of surgery correlated with an increase in proteinuria 3 months after transplantation, associated with an early graft fibrosis combined with an activation of renal TGF beta signaling. These data suggest a direct involvement of OxLDL in the hyperlipidemic diet-induced activation of the pro-fibrotic TGF beta pathway which seems to be activated by LOX-1 signaling. These results were supported by studies with endothelial cells incubated in culture medium containing OxLDL promoting TGF beta expression inhibited by LOX-1 antibody. CONCLUSIONS These results implicate OxLDL in the hyperlipidemic diet-promoted fibrosis in transplanted kidneys, suggesting LOX-1 as a potential therapeutic target and reinforce the need to control cholesterol levels in kidney transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thierry Hauet
- INSERM, U1082, Ischémie-reperfusion en transplantation rénale, Université de Poitiers, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Poitiers 86000, France.
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Dai Y, Mercanti F, Dai D, Wang X, Ding Z, Pothineni NV, Mehta JL. LOX-1, a bridge between GLP-1R and mitochondrial ROS generation in human vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 437:62-6. [PMID: 23806684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors play an important role in modulating oxidant stress in vascular beds. However, the underlying mechanism of this process remains unclear. In recent studies, we observed an increase in GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) expression in the aorta of LOX-1 knock-out mice. Since LOX-1 is a pivotal regulator of reactive oxygen species (ROS), we conducted studies to identify relationship between LOX-1, ROS and GLP-1 agonism or DPP-4 antagonism. We observed a sustained decrease in GLP-1R expression in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) treated with ox-LDL. When VSMCs were treated with different concentration of liraglutide (a GLP-1 agonist) or NVPDPP728 (a DPP-4 inhibitor), expression of ROS decreased compared with ox-LDL alone treatment. To further prove that LOX-1 plays a pivotal role in ROS and GLP-1R expression, we treated VSMCs with LOX-1 antibody or transfected cells with human LOX-1 cDNA. The inhibitory effect of ox-LDL on GLP-1R expression was reversed with anti-LOX-1 antibody treatment, while the inhibitory effect of liraglutide and NVPDPP728 on ROS generation was attenuated when cells were transfected with LOX-1 cDNA. Our results suggest that LOX-1 may play a bridging role in GLP-1 activation and ROS interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Dai
- Department of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72212, United States
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Myocardial infarction causes inflammation and leukocyte recruitment at remote sites in the myocardium and in the renal glomerulus. Inflamm Res 2013; 62:515-25. [PMID: 23471223 PMCID: PMC3625409 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-013-0605-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale and Objective Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) results in the recruitment of leukocytes to injured myocardium. Additionally, myocardium remote to the infarct zone also becomes inflamed and is associated with adverse left ventricular remodelling. Renal ischaemic syndromes have been associated with remote organ inflammation and impaired function. Here, we tested the hypothesis that AMI results in remote organ (renal) inflammation. Methods Mice were subjected to either AMI, sham procedure or no procedure and the inflammatory response in peripheral blood, injured and remote myocardium, and kidneys was studied at 24 h. Results AMI resulted in increased circulating neutrophils (P < 0.001) and monocytes (P < 0.001). mRNA for inflammatory mediators significantly increased in infarcted myocardium and in remote myocardium. VCAM-1 mRNA was increased in both infarcted and remote myocardium. VCAM-1 protein was also increased in the kidneys of AMI mice (P < 0.05) and immunofluorescence revealed localisation of VCAM-1 to glomeruli, associated with leukocyte infiltration and increased local inflammatory mRNA expression. Conclusions We conclude that in addition to local inflammation, AMI results in remote organ inflammation evidenced by (1) increased expression of mRNA for inflammatory cytokines, (2) marked upregulation of VCAM-1 in renal glomeruli, and (3) the recruitment and infiltration of leukocytes in the kidney. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00011-013-0605-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Dai Y, Khaidakov M, Wang X, Ding Z, Su W, Price E, Palade P, Chen M, Mehta JL. MicroRNAs involved in the regulation of postischemic cardiac fibrosis. Hypertension 2013; 61:751-6. [PMID: 23381794 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Dai
- Cardiovascular Division, UA Little Rock, AR 72212, USA.
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