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Casalino G, D’Amico F, Bozzo G, Dinardo F, Schiavitto M, Galante D, Aceti A, Ceci E, Romito D, D’Onghia F, Dimuccio MM, Camarda A, Circella E. In field evaluation of impact on clinical signs of an inactivated autogenous vaccine against Pasteurella multocida in rabbits. Int J Vet Sci Med 2024; 12:39-47. [PMID: 38854457 PMCID: PMC11159587 DOI: 10.1080/23144599.2024.2348900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
In Italy, the use of autogenous inactivated vaccines prepared with the bacterial strains isolated from affected animals is authorized by the Ministry of Health in farms where bacterial diseases occur frequently. The autogenous vaccine performed using Pasteurella multocida is frequently used in rabbit farms, but the feedback of its application is not available. Therefore, the aim of this study is to give information about the impact on the clinical signs of a bivalent autogenous vaccine in rabbits of a genetic centre. The vaccine was prepared using two P. multocida strains belonging to serogroups A and F, equipped with virulence genes and responsible for cyclical outbreak of pasteurellosis in the farm. The vaccine was administered with a first injection, followed by another one after 15 days, then another one four months after the first injection, and then continuing with a further injection every six months to all rabbits. Clinical conditions and mortality rates were monitored for two years after the first vaccination. The improvement in clinical condition and the decrease of the mortality rate were significant especially in the first year post-vaccine. In addition, the number of animals removed due to the disease decreased greatly. Based on the finding of P. multocida strains belonging to serogroup D and serogroup A equipped with different virulence-gene patterns from those previously found, we suggest that the vaccine was unable to prevent the introduction and spreading of new strains among the rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Casalino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - F. D’Amico
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - G. Bozzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - F.R. Dinardo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - M. Schiavitto
- Italian Rabbit Breeders Association—ANCI, Volturara Appula, Italy
| | - D. Galante
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - A. Aceti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - E. Ceci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - D. Romito
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - F.P. D’Onghia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - M. M. Dimuccio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - A. Camarda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - E. Circella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
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2
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Jordan C, Siebold K, Priegue P, Seeberger PH, Gilmour R. A Fluorinated Sialic Acid Vaccine Lead Against Meningitis B and C. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15366-15375. [PMID: 38768956 PMCID: PMC11157539 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Inspired by the specificity of α-(2,9)-sialyl epitopes in bacterial capsular polysaccharides (CPS), a doubly fluorinated disaccharide has been validated as a vaccine lead against Neisseria meningitidis serogroups C and/or B. Emulating the importance of fluorine in drug discovery, this molecular editing approach serves a multitude of purposes, which range from controlling α-selective chemical sialylation to mitigating competing elimination. Conjugation of the disialoside with two carrier proteins (CRM197 and PorA) enabled a semisynthetic vaccine to be generated; this was then investigated in six groups of six mice. The individual levels of antibodies formed were compared and classified as highly glycan-specific and protective. All glycoconjugates induced a stable and long-term IgG response and binding to the native CPS epitope was achieved. The generated antibodies were protective against MenC and/or MenB; this was validated in vitro by SBA and OPKA assays. By merging the fluorinated glycan epitope of MenC with an outer cell membrane protein of MenB, a bivalent vaccine against both serogroups was created. It is envisaged that validation of this synthetic, fluorinated disialoside bioisostere as a potent antigen will open new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Jordan
- Institute
for Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Kathrin Siebold
- Institute
for Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Patricia Priegue
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
for Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Freie
Universität Berlin, Institute of
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arnimallee 22, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
for Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Freie
Universität Berlin, Institute of
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arnimallee 22, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Institute
for Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany
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Elguindy DAS, Ashour DS, Elmarhoumy SM, El-Guindy DM, Ismail HIH. The efficacy of cercarial antigen loaded on nanoparticles as a potential vaccine candidate in Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. J Parasit Dis 2024; 48:381-399. [PMID: 38840868 PMCID: PMC11147980 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-024-01677-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality from parasitic diseases. Mass treatment has proven to be insufficient because of repeated infection after treatment and the appearance of strains resistant to drug therapy. Hence, immunization is a new approach to control the disease and limit the pathological consequences of schistosomiasis. To evaluate the prophylactic effect of Cercarial antigen (CAP) loaded on chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) as a potential vaccine against Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. 130 mice divided into 2 groups were used: Group I: Control groups (50 mice) subdivided into subgroup Ia (10 mice): Non-infected mice (normal control), subgroup Ib (20 mice): Schistosoma infected mice (infected control) and subgroup Ic (20 mice): Non-infected mice receiving NPs only. Group II: Vaccinated group (80 mice) subdivided equally into subgroup IIa (CAP): Received cercarial antigen and subgroup IIb (CAP + CSNP): Received cercarial antigen loaded on chitosan NPs then both vaccinated groups were infected with S. mansoni 3 weeks following the initial vaccination dose. CAP + CSNP and CAP groups showed significant reduction in adult worms count, hepatic egg count, hepatic granulomas number and size in comparison to the infected control group. Elevation of serum IgG and IgM levels, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell frequencies, IL-4, IL-10 and INF-γ levels was more significant in CAP + CSNP group than CAP group. CAP + CSNP is a promising new preparation of Schistosomal antigens that gave better results than immunization with CAP alone. CSNPs enhanced the immune and protective effect of CAP as validated by parasitological, histopathological and immunohistochemical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina A. S. Elguindy
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Dalia S. Ashour
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sirria M. Elmarhoumy
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Dina M. El-Guindy
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Howaida I. H. Ismail
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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4
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Vidlund J, Gelalcha BD, Gillespie BE, Agga GE, Schneider L, Swanson SM, Frady KD, Kerro Dego O. Efficacy of novel staphylococcal surface associated protein vaccines against Staphylococcus aureus and non-aureus staphylococcal mastitis in dairy cows. Vaccine 2024; 42:1247-1258. [PMID: 38281900 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland commonly caused by bacteria or fungi. Staphylococcus aureus is a major bacterium that causes mastitis in dairy cows. Non-aureus staphylococci are also increasingly reported, with Staphylococcus chromogenes being the most common species. Current staphylococcal mastitis control programs are not fully effective, and treatment with antibiotics is not sustainable. Non-antibiotic sustainable control tools, such as effective vaccines, are critically needed. We previously developed S. aureus surface-associated proteins (SASP) and S. chromogenes surface-associated proteins (SCSP) vaccines that conferred partial protective effects. We hypothesized that vaccination with SASP or SCSP would reduce the incidence of S. aureus mastitis throughout the lactation period. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of SASP and SCSP vaccines against S. aureus and non-aureus staphylococcal mastitis under natural exposure over 300 days of lactation. Pregnant Holstein dairy cows (n = 45) were enrolled and assigned to receive SASP (n = 15) or SCSP (n = 16) vaccines or unvaccinated control (n = 14). Cows were vaccinated with 1.2 mg of SASP or SCSP with Emulsigen-D adjuvant. Control cows were injected with phosphate-buffered saline with Emulsigen-D adjuvant. Three vaccine injections were given subcutaneously at 60, 40, and 20 days before the expected calving. Booster vaccinations were given at 120 and 240 days in milk. Cows were monitored for mastitis at quarter and cow levels, staphylococcal mastitis incidence, changes in serum and milk anti-SASP and anti-SCSP antibody titers, bacterial counts in milk, adverse reactions, milk yield and milk somatic cells count over 300 days of lactation. The SCSP vaccine conferred a significant reduction in the incidence of staphylococcal mastitis. Milk and serum anti-SASP and anti-SCSP antibody titers were increased in the vaccinated cows compared to unvaccinated control cows. Anti-SASP and anti-SCSP antibody titers decreased at about 120 days in milk, indicating the duration of immunity of about four months. In conclusion, the SASP and SCSP vaccines conferred partial protection from natural infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Vidlund
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; East Tennessee AgResearch and Education Center-Little River Animal and Environmental Unit, University of Tennessee, Walland, TN 37886, USA
| | - Benti D Gelalcha
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Barbara E Gillespie
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Getahun E Agga
- Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
| | - Liesel Schneider
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Stephanie M Swanson
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Kinsley D Frady
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Oudessa Kerro Dego
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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5
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Zeng X, Vidlund J, Gillespie B, Cao L, Agga GE, Lin J, Dego OK. Evaluation of immunogenicity of enterobactin conjugate vaccine for the control of Escherichia coli mastitis in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:7147-7163. [PMID: 37210351 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Mastitis is the most common disease of dairy cows that incurs severe economic losses to the dairy industry. Currently, environmental mastitis pathogens are a major problem for most dairy farms. A current commercially available Escherichia coli vaccine does not prevent clinical mastitis and production losses, likely due to antibody accessibility and antigenic variation issues. Therefore, a novel vaccine that prevents clinical disease and production losses is critically needed. Recently a nutritional immunity approach, which restricts bacterial iron uptake by immunologically sequestering conserved iron-binding enterobactin (Ent), has been developed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the immunogenicity of the keyhole limpet hemocyanin-enterobactin (KLH-Ent) conjugate vaccine in dairy cows. Twelve pregnant Holstein dairy cows in their first through third lactations were randomized to the control or vaccine group, with 6 cows per group. The vaccine group received 3 subcutaneous vaccinations of KLH-Ent with adjuvants at drying off (D0), 20 (D21), and 40 (D42) days after drying off. The control group was injected with phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4) mixed with the same adjuvants at the same time points. Vaccination effects were assessed over the study period until the end of the first month of lactation. The KLH-Ent vaccine did not cause any systemic adverse reactions or reduction in milk production. Compared with the control group, the vaccine elicited significantly higher levels of serum Ent-specific IgG at calving (C0) and 30 d postcalving (C30), mainly its IgG2 fraction, which was significantly higher at D42, C0, C14, and C30 d, with no significant change in IgG1 levels. Milk Ent-specific IgG and IgG2 levels in the vaccine group were significantly higher on C30. Fecal microbial community structures were similar for both control and vaccine groups on the same day and shifted directionally along the sampling days. In conclusion, the KLH-Ent vaccine successfully triggered strong Ent-specific immune responses in dairy cows without significantly affecting the gut microbiota diversity and health. The results show that Ent conjugate vaccine is a promising nutritional immunity approach in control of E. coli mastitis in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zeng
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - J Vidlund
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - B Gillespie
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - L Cao
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - G E Agga
- Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Bowling Green, KY 42101
| | - J Lin
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - O Kerro Dego
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996.
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Yang J, Boer JC, Khongkow M, Phunpee S, Khalil ZG, Bashiri S, Deceneux C, Goodchild G, Hussein WM, Capon RJ, Ruktanonchai U, Plebanski M, Toth I, Skwarczynski M. The Development of Surface-Modified Liposomes as an Intranasal Delivery System for Group A Streptococcus Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020305. [PMID: 36851183 PMCID: PMC9961534 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Intranasal vaccine administration can overcome the disadvantages of injectable vaccines and present greater efficiency for mass immunization. However, the development of intranasal vaccines is challenged by poor mucosal immunogenicity of antigens and the limited availability of mucosal adjuvants. Here, we examined a number of self-adjuvanting liposomal systems for intranasal delivery of lipopeptide vaccine against group A Streptococcus (GAS). Among them, two liposome formulations bearing lipidated cell-penetrating peptide KALA and a new lipidated chitosan derivative (oleoyl-quaternized chitosan, OTMC) stimulated high systemic antibody titers in outbred mice. The antibodies were fully functional and were able to kill GAS bacteria. Importantly, OTMC was far more effective at stimulating antibody production than the classical immune-stimulating trimethyl chitosan formulation. In a simple physical mixture, OTMC also enhanced the immune responses of the tested vaccine, without the need for a liposome delivery system. The adjuvanting capacity of OTMC was further confirmed by its ability to stimulate cytokine production by dendritic cells. Thus, we discovered a new immune stimulant with promising properties for mucosal vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Yang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jennifer C. Boer
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Mattaka Khongkow
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Klong 1, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sarunya Phunpee
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Klong 1, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Zeinab G. Khalil
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sahra Bashiri
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Cyril Deceneux
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Georgia Goodchild
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Waleed M. Hussein
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Robert J. Capon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Uracha Ruktanonchai
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Klong 1, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-73-346-9894
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7
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Islam MT, Ho MF, Nahar UJ, Shalash AO, Koirala P, Hussein WM, Stanisic DI, Good MF, Skwarczynski M, Toth I. Investigation of liposomal self-adjuvanting peptide epitopes derived from conserved blood-stage Plasmodium antigens. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264961. [PMID: 35275957 PMCID: PMC8916655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a vector born parasitic disease causing millions of deaths every year. Despite the high mortality rate, an effective vaccine against this mosquito-borne infectious disease is yet to be developed. Up to date, RTS,S/AS01 is the only vaccine available for malaria prevention; however, its efficacy is low. Among a variety of malaria antigens, merozoite surface protein-1(MSP-1) and ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen (RESA) have been proposed as promising candidates for malaria vaccine development. We developed peptide-based Plasmodium falciparum vaccine candidates that incorporated three previously reported conserved epitopes from MSP-1 and RESA into highly effective liposomal polyleucine delivery system. Indeed, MSP-1 and RESA-derived epitopes conjugated to polyleucine and formulated into liposomes induced higher epitope specific antibody titres. However, immunized mice failed to demonstrate protection in a rodent malaria challenge study with Plasmodium yoelii. In addition, we found that the three reported P. falciparum epitopes did not to share conformational properties and high sequence similarity with P. yoelii MSP-1 and RESA proteins, despite the epitopes were reported to protect mice against P. yoelii challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Tanjir Islam
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Mei-Fong Ho
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Ummey J. Nahar
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Ahmed O. Shalash
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Prashamsa Koirala
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Waleed M. Hussein
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Michael F. Good
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- * E-mail: (IT); (MS)
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- * E-mail: (IT); (MS)
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Tatematsu KI, Ikeda M, Wakabayashi Y, Yamamura T, Kikuchi K, Noguchi J, Sezutsu H. Silkworm recombinant bovine zona pellucida protein 4 (bZP4) as a potential female immunocontraceptive antigen; impaired sperm-oocyte interaction and ovarian dysfunction. J Reprod Dev 2021; 67:402-406. [PMID: 34670878 PMCID: PMC8668373 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2021-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine zona pellucida proteins (ZPs) have been utilized as female immunocontraceptive antigens. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential use of silkworm recombinant bovine ZP4 as an alternative. When the protein was injected with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) - an immuno-stimulative agent - into two female goats, marked elevation of the anti-ZP4 titer was detected. Application of the purified specific IgG to a porcine in vitro fertilization system reduced the sperm penetration rate. In one goat, the cyclic profile of serum progesterone disappeared as the anti-ZP4 titer increased. Histological examination of the ovaries revealed degeneration of antral follicles with sparse infiltration of inflammatory cells in the theca, indicating that autoimmune oophoritis had been induced. Together, the present results suggest that recombinant ZP4 disturbs fertilization and exerts a pathogenic effect on follicle development in goats, thus indicating its potential as a female immunocontraceptive antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichiro Tatematsu
- Division of Silk-Producing Insect Biotechnology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Mitsumi Ikeda
- Division of Silk-Producing Insect Biotechnology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Wakabayashi
- Division of Advanced Feeding Technology Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamura
- Division of Advanced Feeding Technology Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kikuchi
- Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Junko Noguchi
- New Technology Promotion Section, Strategic Planning Headquarters, NARO, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Hideki Sezutsu
- Division of Silk-Producing Insect Biotechnology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
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9
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Seeberger PH. Discovery of Semi- and Fully-Synthetic Carbohydrate Vaccines Against Bacterial Infections Using a Medicinal Chemistry Approach. Chem Rev 2021; 121:3598-3626. [PMID: 33794090 PMCID: PMC8154330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The glycocalyx, a thick layer of carbohydrates, surrounds the cell wall of most bacterial and parasitic pathogens. Recognition of these unique glycans by the human immune system results in destruction of the invaders. To elicit a protective immune response, polysaccharides either isolated from the bacterial cell surface or conjugated with a carrier protein, for T-cell help, are administered. Conjugate vaccines based on isolated carbohydrates currently protect millions of people against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and Neisseria meningitides infections. Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are increasingly discovered by medicinal chemistry and synthetic in origin, rather than isolated from natural sources. Converting vaccines from biologicals to pharmaceuticals requires a fundamental understanding of how the human immune system recognizes carbohydrates and could now be realized. To illustrate the chemistry-based approach to vaccine discovery, I summarize efforts focusing on synthetic glycan-based medicinal chemistry to understand the mammalian antiglycan immune response and define glycan epitopes for novel synthetic glycoconjugate vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Clostridium difficile, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and other bacteria. The chemical tools described here help us gain fundamental insights into how the human system recognizes carbohydrates and drive the discovery of carbohydrate vaccines.
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Abstract
Vaccination is one of the main methods for the specific prevention of infectious diseases. The disadvantage of vaccination is the use of pathogens (live or attenuated viruses and bacteria) that can lead to the development of a disease. Recombinant technologies are capable of producing specific DNA or protein molecules that possess antigenic properties and do not cause disease. However, individual antigen molecules are low-immunogenic, and therefore, require conjugation with a compound possessing stronger immunogenic properties. In this study, we examined the immunogenic properties of the new anionic copolymer consisting of glycidyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and acrylic acid, in mice. The experimental polymer induced a stronger immunogenic response than aluminum hydroxide. The histological studies have established that immunization both with aluminum hydroxide and the polymer studied does not cause damage to the liver, kidneys, or the spleen. No negative side effects were observed. It has been concluded that the new synthetic anionic polyelectrolyte hydrogel (PHG) has a potential as an adjuvant for vaccine development.
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11
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Songaksorn N, Petsophonsakul W, Pringproa K, Lampang KN, Sthitmatee N, Sriphawattana N, Thongkorn K. Production of polyclonal antibody against kidney antigens: a model for studying autoantibody in feline chronic kidney diseases. J Vet Sci 2020; 20:e73. [PMID: 31775199 PMCID: PMC6883193 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2019.20.e73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is considered to be most common in geriatric domestic cats. It has been reported that the feline viral rhinotracheitis, calicivirus, and panleukopenia (FVRCP) vaccine prepared from the Crandell-Rees feline kidney (CRFK) cell line can induce cross-reactions of antibodies with feline kidney tissues. As an anti-cat kidney antibody was not available commercially for this study of autoantibody in cats, the purpose of this study was to produce anti-cat kidney antibody in rabbits for further study of autoantibody in cats after FVRCP vaccination. Kidney proteins from cadaveric cats were extracted and immunized into rabbits using Montanide as the adjuvant. Based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay measurement, all immunized rabbits produced high levels of anti-cat kidney antibodies and some began to produce antibodies as early as 2 weeks after immunization. Immunofluorescence staining of rabbit sera showed kidney-bound antibodies in glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, apical surface of the proximal convoluted tubule, peritubular surface, and interstitial cells. Western blot analysis of cat kidney proteins revealed molecular weights (M.W.) of 72, 55, 47, and 31 kDa, while binding to the CRFK cell proteins was observed at M.W. of 43 and 26 kDa. The antibody that recognized the 47 kDa protein was similarly detected in cats with autoantibody presence after FVRCP vaccination. The kidney-bound antibody profile at different time points and its patterns in rabbits could be used as a model for the study of autoantibody to cat kidney in feline chronic kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisakorn Songaksorn
- Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Wilaiwan Petsophonsakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kidsadagon Pringproa
- Department of Veterinary Bioscience and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Kannika Na Lampang
- Department of Veterinary Bioscience and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Nattawooti Sthitmatee
- Department of Veterinary Bioscience and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Nuttawan Sriphawattana
- Small Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kriangkrai Thongkorn
- Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.
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Noguchi J, Watanabe S, Nguyen TQD, Kikuchi K, Kaneko H. Development of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-supplemented adjuvant and its effects on cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in male rats immunized against sperm. J Reprod Dev 2016; 63:111-115. [PMID: 27890874 PMCID: PMC5320437 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2016-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplementation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from non-pathogenic Escherichia coli was found to enhance the adjuvant effects of a veterinary
vaccine adjuvant (ISA 71VG®). Sperm immunization using 71VG as an adjuvant in the immature period induced infertility in 25% of male rats, whereas
this increased to 62.5% after immunization with 71VG + LPS or Freund′s complete adjuvant (FCA). Mean testicular weight of non-sterile males in the 71VG + LPS
group was significantly lower than that in the 71VG or FCA group. Histological examination of testicular tissue from sterile males demonstrated severe
impairment of spermatogenesis due to experimental autoimmune orchitis, a cell-mediated autoimmune condition. The serum anti-sperm titer was elevated in the
three sperm-immunized groups relative to male rats treated with adjuvant alone, but the titer was higher in the 71VG + LPS and FCA groups than in the 71VG
group. We consider that this LPS-supplemented adjuvant stimulates both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to an extent comparable to FCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Noguchi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
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Abstract
The impact of deer overabundance is a worldwide problem. Along with habitat expansion and population increase, damage by sika deer to the forest ecosystem and
agriculture has become a serious issue in Japan. Deer also transmit a number of diseases and parasites to humans and livestock. The overabundance of deer is a
result of their strong fecundity, and therefore the present situation should, in theory, be tackled by experts in reproductive biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Noguchi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
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Krause SK, Van Vuren DH, Laursen C, Kelt DA. Behavioral effects of an immunocontraceptive vaccine on eastern fox squirrels. J Wildl Manage 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara K. Krause
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology; University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis; CA 95616 USA
| | - Dirk H. Van Vuren
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology; University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis; CA 95616 USA
| | - Clara Laursen
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology; University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis; CA 95616 USA
| | - Douglas A. Kelt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology; University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis; CA 95616 USA
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Powers JG, Monello RJ, Wild MA, Spraker TR, Gionfriddo JP, Nett TM, Baker DL. Effects of GonaCon immunocontraceptive vaccine in free-ranging female Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni). WILDLIFE SOC B 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny G. Powers
- Biological Resource Management Division; National Park Service; 1201 Oakridge Drive 200 Fort Collins CO 80525 USA
| | - Ryan J. Monello
- Biological Resource Management Division; National Park Service; 1201 Oakridge Drive 200 Fort Collins CO 80525 USA
| | - Margaret A. Wild
- Biological Resource Management Division; National Park Service; 1201 Oakridge Drive 200 Fort Collins CO 80525 USA
| | - Terry R. Spraker
- Colorado State University; Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory; 300 W Drake Road Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - James P. Gionfriddo
- United States Department of Agriculture; Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service; National Wildlife Research Center; 4101 LaPorte Avenue Fort Collins CO 80525 USA
| | - Terry M. Nett
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Dan L. Baker
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
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Abstract
The National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC) began immunocontraception vaccine research by testing porcine zona pellucida (PZP) on white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Early PZP research demonstrated that PZP induced infertility; however, increased length of the rut was observed in PZP-treated deer. An alternative vaccine using a keyhole limpet hemocyanin-gonadotropin-releasing hormone (KLH-GnRH) conjugate formulated with modified Freund's adjuvant was developed at NWRC. Suppression of GnRH has reduced reproduction in both sexes but is most effective in females. This vaccine was effective in preventing contraception in female deer for several years after a prime and boost. Due to adverse side effects of Freund's adjuvant, NWRC developed a new adjuvant called AdjuVac, a mineral oil/surfactant adjuvant with the addition of Mycobacterium avium as an immunostimulant. The price of KLH prompted a search for a more economical hemocyanin carrier protein for the GnRH peptide. Blue protein, derived from the mollusk Concholepas concholepas, proved to be a successful option. Formulation improvements resulted in a vaccine that can be effective as a single injection for multiple years, now called GonaCon. GonaCon is registered with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for use in white-tailed deer in urban/suburban areas and for wild horses (Equus caballus) and burros (Equus asinus). Future GonaCon applications may include reducing reproduction to manage populations of other wildlife species, such as prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) in urban areas and suppressing reproduction to reduce the spread of venereal diseases such as brucellosis. Research is being conducted to develop a GnRH vaccine used in combination with the rabies vaccine to control population growth in free-roaming dogs, with the secondary effect of managing the spread of rabies. The EPA would regulate all these uses. Research is also ongoing on a GnRH vaccine to delay the onset of adrenocortical disease in pet ferrets (Mustela putorius), a use regulated by the United States Department of Agriculture.
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Krause SK, Kelt DA, Gionfriddo JP, Van Vuren DH. Efficacy and health effects of a wildlife immunocontraceptive vaccine on fox squirrels. J Wildl Manage 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara K. Krause
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology; University of California Davis; One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Douglas A. Kelt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology; University of California Davis; One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - James P. Gionfriddo
- United States Department of Agriculture/Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/Wildlife Services; National Wildlife Research Center; 4101 LaPorte Avenue Fort Collins CO 80521 USA
| | - Dirk H. Van Vuren
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology; University of California Davis; One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
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EFFECTS OF A GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE VACCINE ON OVARIAN CYCLICITY AND UTERINE MORPHOLOGY OF AN ASIAN ELEPHANT (ELEPHAS MAXIMUS). J Zoo Wildl Med 2012; 43:603-14. [DOI: 10.1638/2011-0270.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Gionfriddo JP, Denicola AJ, Miller LA, Fagerstone KA. Health effects of GnRH immunocontraception of wild white-tailed deer in New Jersey. WILDLIFE SOC B 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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Powers JG, Baker DL, Davis TL, Conner MM, Lothridge AH, Nett TM. Effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone immunization on reproductive function and behavior in captive female Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni). Biol Reprod 2011; 85:1152-60. [PMID: 21753192 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.110.088237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertility control is a potential method for managing overabundant wildlife populations; however, current technology is limited by duration of treatment efficacy and unacceptable side effects. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of a single immunization with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) vaccine to suppress reproductive function in pregnant female elk and to evaluate potential behavioral and pathological side effects of treatment. Eighteen captive adult female elk were randomly allocated to one of two experimental groups. Ten females were administered a conjugated and adjuvanted GnRH vaccine intramuscularly, and eight elk received an adjuvant sham vaccine without conjugated GnRH. We compared success of existing pregnancy, neonatal survival, subsequent fertility, reproductive behavior rates, and side effects of treatment between January 2006 and January 2010. The GnRH vaccination did not affect existing pregnancy or calf survival during the year that it was applied; however, it reduced the proportion of pregnant females for 3 yr. Male precopulatory behavior rates exhibited toward GnRH-vaccinated females tended to be greater than those directed at sham-vaccinated females during the second half of the breeding season, when GnRH vaccinates continued to be proceptive. Strong immune and inflammatory responses, including robust GnRH antibody concentrations in GnRH vaccinates, and sterile pyogranulomatous injection site abscesses in both groups, were consistent with vaccination. In conclusion, this GnRH vaccine resulted in prolonged, albeit reversible, impairment of fertility, and is associated with extended reproductive behaviors and partial suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis function in captive female elk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny G Powers
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
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