1
|
Ehtesham N, Alesaeidi S, Mohammad Zadeh D, Saghaei M, Fakhri M, Bayati Z, Esmaeilzadeh E, Mosallaei M. Significant heightened methylation levels of RUNX3 gene promoter in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2024; 33:547-554. [PMID: 38511579 DOI: 10.1177/09612033241241850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Researchers are actively investigating new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers that offer improved sensitivity and specificity for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). One area of interest is DNA methylation changes. Previous studies have shown a connection between the RUNX3 gene dysfunction and SLE. In this study, the focus was on examining the methylation level of the RUNX3 promoter in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of SLE patients and healthy individuals. METHODS A total of 80 individuals diagnosed with SLE from Iran, along with 77 healthy individuals, were included. The methylation levels of the RUNX3 gene in the extracted DNA were evaluated using the MethyQESD method. To determine the diagnostic effectiveness of the RUNX3 promoter methylation level, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated. RESULTS The methylation of the RUNX3 promoter was found to be significantly higher in patients with SLE compared to healthy individuals (p < .001). This difference in methylation levels was observed between SLE patients and healthy individuals and between SLE patients with renal involvement and those without renal involvement (86.29 ± 10.30 vs 40.28 ± 24.21, p < .001). ROC analyses revealed that the methylation level of the RUNX3 promoter had a diagnostic power of 0.769 [95% CI (0.681-0.814)] for SLE. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between the RUNX3 methylation level and levels of creatinine and C4. CONCLUSION The findings of this study emphasize the potential use of RUNX3 methylation levels in PBMCs of SLE patients as biomarkers for diagnosing the disease, predicting renal damage, and assessing disease activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naeim Ehtesham
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Samira Alesaeidi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dorita Mohammad Zadeh
- Personalized Medicine and Genometabolomics Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhdeh Saghaei
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Fakhri
- Department of Rheumatology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Bayati
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Emran Esmaeilzadeh
- Personalized Medicine and Genometabolomics Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Mosallaei
- Personalized Medicine and Genometabolomics Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gravand A, Alesaeidi S, Khoshbakht S, Saghaei M, Kenarangi T, Mosallaei M, Soosanabadi M. Demethylation of CDKN2A in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis: a blood biomarker for diagnosis and assessment of disease activity. Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:3387-3395. [PMID: 37597101 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06736-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES Considering the phenotypic and serological heterogeneity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), significant challenges may intervene with the precise diagnosis. In this regard, numerous studies have shown that changes in DNA methylation levels can be used to distinguish between healthy individuals and those with SLE and RA, as well as to predict disease activity and prognosis. METHODS In the current study, we evaluated quantitative methylation level of CDKN2A promoter in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of SLE and RA patients, and healthy controls by methylation-quantification of endonuclease-resistant DNA (MethyQESD), a bisulfite conversion-independent method. RESULTS Our findings revealed an excessive hypomethylation of CDKN2A in SLE and RA patients compared to healthy individuals (P < 0.001). Besides, by determining efficient cutoff value, the specificity of CDKN2A for correct diagnosis of healthy subjects was measured to be 77.30% and the sensitivity for SLE and RA diagnosis were 81.33%, and 72%, respectively. Furthermore, CDKN2A methylation level was shown to be positively associated with C3 and C4 levels and negatively associated with anti‑dsDNA concentration (P < 0.001). Moreover, a statistically significant difference in the DNA methylation levels of CDKN2A promoter was identified between SLE cases with age of ≤ 18 and patients with > 18 years of age (P = 0.025). CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that CDKN2A methylation levels in PBMCs of SLE and RA patients could be used as a promising diagnostic biomarker. The significant association between hypomethylation of CDKN2A promoter and disease activity factors in SLE patients, is suggesting that CDKN2A hypomethylation could be used as an alternative biomarker for assessment of disease activity. Key Points • Several studies have reported increased expression of CDKN2A in SLE and RA suggesting that it may be involved in the pathogenesis of these disorders. • CDKN2A hypomethylation has been implicated in different autoimmune diseases. • Our findings demonstrated that CDKN2A methylation levels in PBMCs of SLE and RA patients could be used as a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Gravand
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Samira Alesaeidi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrouz Khoshbakht
- Student Research Committee, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhdeh Saghaei
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Taiebe Kenarangi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Statistics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Mosallaei
- Personalized Medicine and Genometabolomics Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Soosanabadi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
- Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shaygannejad A, Sohrabi B, Rad SR, Yousefisadr F, Darvish H, Soosanabadi M. Promoter methylation of matrix metallopeptidase 9 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: A novel biomarker in a promising source for noninvasive colorectal cancer diagnosis. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:1797-1802. [PMID: 38376281 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_2188_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Colorectal cancer (CRC) has been described as a "silent disease," which can be readily treated in most patients when discovered in its early stages. Considering the limitations of the current conventional tests for the diagnosis of CRC, researchers strive to find noninvasive and more valid biomarkers for the early detection of CRC. It has been shown that tumor-specific methylation patterns can also be identified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and are reliable sources of methylation analysis for CRC screening. MATERIALS AND METHODS We carried out a quantitative methylation analysis on matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) promoter using methylation quantification endonuclease-resistant DNA (MethyQESD) method. A total of 70 patients with CRC and 70 normal controls were enrolled in this study for methylation analysis in the PBMCs. RESULTS Our findings discovered a considerable hypermethylation of MMP9 promoter in CRC patients compared with healthy controls (mean: 47.30% and 20.31%, respectively; P > 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of the MMP9 gene for the diagnosis of CRC were 88% and 78%, respectively. In addition, on the basis of area under the curve values, the diagnostic power of the MMP9 gene was 0.976 (P < 0.001). Moreover, our analysis established that MMP9 methylation was significantly different between the different stages of CRC (P: 0.034). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that MMP9 promoter methylation in PBMCs can be used as an outstanding biomarker for CRC diagnosis. Besides, we confirmed that PBMCs are reliable sources of methylation analysis for CRC screening and MethyQESD is an accurate and fast method for quantitative methylation analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Shaygannejad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastrointestinal, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Behnoush Sohrabi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran
- Fetal Health Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Rahimi Rad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Yousefisadr
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Darvish
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Soosanabadi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Siri G, Mosallaei M, Ehtesham N, Rahimi H, Mazarei M, Nasrollahzadeh Sabet M, Behroozi J. TUSC3 Methylation in Peripheral Blood Cells as a Biomarker for Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer. Adv Biomed Res 2023; 12:174. [PMID: 37564442 PMCID: PMC10410437 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_396_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several case-control studies have suggested that global and loci-specific deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of DNA might be potential biomarkers of cancer diagnosis and prognosis. In this study, for the first time, we intended to assess the diagnostic power of the methylation level of tumor suppressor candidate 3 (TUSC3) gene promoter in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Materials and Methods In the current study, we quantitatively assessed the promoter methylation level of TUSC3 in PBMCs of 70 CRC cases and 75 non-cancerous subjects via methylation quantification of endonuclease-resistant DNA (MethyQESD) method. Results The methylation level of the TUSC3 was meaningfully higher in CRC cases than in non-CRC subjects (43.55 ± 21.80% vs. 16.07 ± 13.63%, respectively; P < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of this gene for the detection of CRC were 88.6% and 76.0%, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve examination discovered an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.880, representing a very high accuracy of the TUSC3 methylation marker in distinguishing CRC subjects from healthy individuals. However, there was no substantial diversity in methylation level between various CRC stages (P: 0.088). Conclusion For CRC screening, PBMCs are a reliable source for DNA methylation analysis and TUSC3 promoter methylation can be utilized as a hopeful biomarker for early and non-invasive diagnosis of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goli Siri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amir-Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Mosallaei
- Department of Genetics and Advanced Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naeim Ehtesham
- School of Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Hasan Rahimi
- Faculty of Biostatistics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Madineh Mazarei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Nasrollahzadeh Sabet
- Department of Genetics and Advanced Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Behroozi
- Department of Genetics and Advanced Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics and Advanced Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences; Research Center for Cancer Screening and Epidemiology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Siri G, Alesaeidi S, Dizghandi SE, Alani B, Mosallaei M, Soosanabadi M. Analysis of SDC2 gene promoter methylation in whole blood for noninvasive early detection of colorectal cancer. J Cancer Res Ther 2022; 18:S354-S358. [PMID: 36510988 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1072_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Considering the limitations of the current approaches to colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, scientists strived to find noninvasive and more powerful biomarkers for the early diagnosis of CRC. Nowadays, there are different sources of biomarkers for CRC diagnosis. Blood-based samples including circulating cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) and DNA extracted from leukocytes in peripheral blood might be promising sources of noninvasive cancer biomarkers such as cancer-specific methylation patterns. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the noninvasive early diagnosis of CRC via quantitative promotor methylation analysis of SDC2 gene in whole blood. Materials and Methods Sixty-five CRC patients and 65 healthy participants were enrolled to assess promoter methylation of SDC2 gene in whole blood using the methylation quantification endonuclease-resistant DNA (MethyQESD) technique. Results Our findings demonstrated drastic hypermethylation of SDC2 in blood samples from CRC subjects (37.91%) compared with non-malignant individuals (17.02%) (P < 0.001). The sensitivity for detection of CRC by methylation of SDC2 was 81.54%, with a specificity of 69.23%. The ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the AUC was 0.847 (P < 0.001), indicating that the status of SDC2 promoter methylation in whole blood is an excellent biomarker of CRC diagnosis. Furthermore, our results showed that methylation level in CRC patients significantly increased in higher tumor stages, demonstrating that an increased percentage of methylation is correlated with tumor progression (P < 0.001). Conclusion SDC2 promoter methylation status in blood samples is a valuable cancer biomarker and holds high power and accuracy in distinguishing CRC patients from healthy subjects in the early stages of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goli Siri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amiralam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Alesaeidi
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Research Center, Amir-Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Behrang Alani
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Meysam Mosallaei
- School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Science, Tehran; Department of Medical Genetics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Soosanabadi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Semnan University of Medical Sciences; Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bücker L, Lehmann U. CDH1 (E-cadherin) Gene Methylation in Human Breast Cancer: Critical Appraisal of a Long and Twisted Story. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184377. [PMID: 36139537 PMCID: PMC9497067 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Genes can be inactivated by specific modifications of DNA bases, most often by adding a methyl group to the DNA base cytosine if it is followed by guanosine (CG methylation). This modification prevents gene expression and has been reported for many different genes in nearly all types of cancer. A prominent example is the gene CDH1, which encodes the cell-adhesion molecule E-cadherin. This is an important player in the spreading of tumor cells within the body (metastasis). Particularly in human breast cancer, many different research groups have studied the inactivation of the CDH1 gene via DNA methylation using various methods. Over the last 20 years, different, in part, even contradicting results have been published for the CDH1 gene in breast cancer. This review summarizes the most important publications and explains the bewildering heterogeneity of results through careful analysis of the methods which have been used. Abstract Epigenetic inactivation of a tumor suppressor gene by aberrant DNA methylation is a well-established defect in human tumor cells, complementing genetic inactivation by mutation (germline or somatic). In human breast cancer, aberrant gene methylation has diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive potential. A prominent example is the hypermethylation of the CDH1 gene, encoding the adhesion protein E-Cadherin (“epithelial cadherin”). In numerous publications, it is reported as frequently affected by gene methylation in human breast cancer. However, over more than two decades of research, contradictory results concerning CDH1 gene methylation in human breast cancer accumulated. Therefore, we review the available evidence for and against the role of DNA methylation of the CDH1 gene in human breast cancer and discuss in detail the methodological reasons for conflicting results, which are of general importance for the analysis of aberrant DNA methylation in human cancer specimens. Since the loss of E-cadherin protein expression is a hallmark of invasive lobular breast cancer (ILBC), special attention is paid to CDH1 gene methylation as a potential mechanism for loss of expression in this special subtype of human breast cancer. Proper understanding of the methodological basis is of utmost importance for the correct interpretation of results supposed to demonstrate the presence and clinical relevance of aberrant DNA methylation in cancer specimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulrich Lehmann
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)511-532-4501; Fax: +49-(0)511-532-5799
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kram H, Prokop G, Haller B, Gempt J, Wu Y, Schmidt-Graf F, Schlegel J, Conrad M, Liesche-Starnecker F. Glioblastoma Relapses Show Increased Markers of Vulnerability to Ferroptosis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:841418. [PMID: 35530303 PMCID: PMC9071304 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.841418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the availability of various therapy options and being a widely focused research area, the prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM) still remains very poor due to therapy resistance, genetic heterogeneity and a diffuse infiltration pattern. The recently described non-apoptotic form of cell death ferroptosis may, however, offer novel opportunities for targeted therapies. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of ferroptosis in GBM, including the impact of treatment on the expression of the two ferroptosis-associated players glutathione-peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and acyl-CoA-synthetase long-chain family number 4 (ACSL4). Furthermore, the change in expression of the recently identified ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 1A3 was investigated. Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed on sample pairs of primary and relapse GBM of 24 patients who had received standard adjuvant treatment with radiochemotherapy. To identify cell types generally prone to undergo ferroptosis, co-stainings of ferroptosis susceptibility genes in combination with cell-type specific markers including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) for tumor cells and astrocytes, as well as the ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) for microglial cells were performed, supplemented by double stains combining GPX4 and ACSL4. Results While the expression of GPX4 decreased significantly during tumor relapse, ACSL4 showed a significant increase. These results were confirmed by analyses of data sets of the Cancer Genome Atlas. These profound changes indicate an increased susceptibility of relapsed tumors towards oxidative stress and associated ferroptosis, a cell death modality characterized by unrestrained lipid peroxidation. Moreover, ALDH1A3 and FSP1 expression also increased in the relapses with significant results for ALDH1A3, whereas for FSP1, statistical significance was not reached. Results obtained from double staining imply that ferroptosis occurs more likely in GBM tumor cells than in microglial cells. Conclusion Our study implies that ferroptosis takes place in GBM tumor cells. Moreover, we show that recurrent tumors have a higher vulnerability to ferroptosis. These results affirm that utilizing ferroptosis processes might be a possible novel therapy option, especially in the situation of recurrent GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Kram
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Prokop
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Haller
- Institute of AI and Informatics in Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Gempt
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Friederike Schmidt-Graf
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schlegel
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Friederike Liesche-Starnecker
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jafarpour S, Saberi F, Yazdi M, Nedaeinia R, Amini G, Ferns GA, Salehi R. Association between colorectal cancer and the degree of ITGA4 promoter methylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
9
|
Salesi M, Dehabadi MH, Salehi R, Salehi A, Pakzad B. Differentially methylation of IFI44L gene promoter in Iranian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:3065-3072. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
10
|
Pauly N, Baert T, Schmutzler R, du Bois A, Schneider S, Rhiem K, Schömig-Markiefka B, Siemanowski J, Heikaus S, Traut A, Heitz F, Prader S, Ehmann S, Harter P, Ataseven B. Modern day screening for Lynch syndrome in endometrial cancer: the KEM experience. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2021; 304:975-984. [PMID: 33710393 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-021-06006-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Current guidelines for Lynch syndrome detection in endometrial cancer (EC) patients rely either on risk evaluation, based on personal/family history, or detection of mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency on tumor tissue. We present a combined screening algorithm for Lynch syndrome. METHODS In this study, 213 consecutive patients treated for EC at Kliniken Essen-Mitte between 2014 and 2018 were included. Personal/family history was evaluated by the Amsterdam II, revised Bethesda/German-DKG criteria and prediction model PREMM5. MMR testing was performed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based microsatellite analysis on tumor tissue. MLH1 promoter methylation analysis was performed in case of MLH1 loss or microsatellite instability. RESULTS Based on personal/family history 2/213 (Amsterdam II), 31/213 (revised Bethesda/German-DKG) and 149/213 (PREMM5) patients were identified as at risk for Lynch syndrome. MMR analysis was performed by IHC in 51.2%, by PCR in 32.4%, and in 16.4% of patients both methods were used. MMR deficiency was detected in 20.6% (44/213). Methylation analysis was performed in 27 patients of whom, 22 (81.4%) showed MLH1 promoter hypermethylation. Only 9% of MMR deficient patients were identified as at risk for Lynch syndrome by the revised Bethesda/German-DKG criteria. A pathogenic germline mutation was discovered in 3 out of 20 patients that underwent genetic testing. None of these patients were younger than 50 years or had a family history of Lynch syndrome-associated malignancies. CONCLUSION General MMR assessment is a feasible strategy to improve the detection of Lynch Syndrome in patients with EC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Pauly
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte (KEM), Henricistrasse 92, 45136, Essen, Germany.
| | - Thaïs Baert
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte (KEM), Henricistrasse 92, 45136, Essen, Germany
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Tumour Immunology and Immunotherapy, ImmunOvar Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rita Schmutzler
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas du Bois
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte (KEM), Henricistrasse 92, 45136, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schneider
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte (KEM), Henricistrasse 92, 45136, Essen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Rhiem
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Janna Siemanowski
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Traut
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte (KEM), Henricistrasse 92, 45136, Essen, Germany
| | - Florian Heitz
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte (KEM), Henricistrasse 92, 45136, Essen, Germany
- Department for Gynecology With the Center for Oncologic Surgery, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonia Prader
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital Brixen, Brixen, Südtirol, Italy
| | - Sarah Ehmann
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte (KEM), Henricistrasse 92, 45136, Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp Harter
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte (KEM), Henricistrasse 92, 45136, Essen, Germany
| | - Beyhan Ataseven
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte (KEM), Henricistrasse 92, 45136, Essen, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
MGMT promoter methylation in triple negative breast cancer of the GeparSixto trial. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238021. [PMID: 32841306 PMCID: PMC7446962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is typically treated with chemotherapeutic agents, including carboplatin (Cb), an DNA platinating agent. The O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase gene (MGMT) encodes for the protein O6-alkylguanine-DNA-alkyltransferase (MGMT protein). MGMT protein is involved in DNA repair mechanisms to remove mutagenic and cytotoxic adducts from O6-guanine in DNA. In glioblastoma multiforme, MGMT methylation status is a predictive biomarker for increased response to temozolomide therapy. It has been suggested, that MGMT protein may have relevance for cellular adaptation and could have an influence on resistance to carboplatin therapy. We investigated the influence of MGMT promoter methylation on pathologic complete response and survival of patients with TNBC treated in the neoadjuvant GeparSixto trial. In 174 of 210 available TNBC tumors a valid MGMT promoter methylation status was determined by pyrosequencing of 5 CpG islands. In 21.8%, we detected a mean MGMT promoter methylation >10%. Overall, MGMT promoter methylation was not significantly associated with pathological complete response (pCR) rate. After stratification for the two therapy arms with and without Cb no statistically significant differences in therapy response rates between the two MGMT promoter methylation groups could be observed. Our results show that different MGMT promoter methylation status is not related to different chemotherapy response rates in the TNBC setting in GeparSixto.
Collapse
|
12
|
A pilot study of the effect of curcumin on epigenetic changes and DNA damage among patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Complement Ther Med 2020; 51:102447. [PMID: 32507446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The enhancement of oxidative stress in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients may cause mutation in DNA by deamination of cytosine to 5-hydroxyuracil or uracil. This study aimed to discover the effects of curcumin on NAFLD progress, DNA damage caused by oxidative stress, and promoter methylation of mismatch repair enzymes. MATERIAL AND METHODS in this study, 54 NAFLD patients were randomly devided into two groups, according to a double blind parallel design either phytosomal curcumin (250 mg/day) or placebo for 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples and anthropometric measures were taken twice, once at the baseline and once at the end of the study. Promoter methylation and 8-hydroxy-2' -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) concentration as DNA damage mediator were measured by restriction enzymes and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. RESULT Analysis was performed on 44 patients. According to our between groups analysis, curcumin significantly reduced the methylation in MutL homolog 1 (MLH1) and MutS homolog 2 (MSH2) promoter regions. The within-group comparison revealed that anthropometric variables significantly decreased. However, the result of the between groups comparison indicated no significant changes in the anthropometric variables except for BMI. Liver enzymes and 8-OHdG did not significantly change at the end of the study, neither in curcumin group nor in placebo group. CONCLUSION Curcumin might be able to reduce the risk of mismatch base pair in DNA among the NAFLD patients. However, it did not change the DNA damage mediator and liver enzymes. For confirming these results, more studies with longer duration, more numbers of examined genes, higher dose of curcumin, and larger sample size are required.
Collapse
|
13
|
Bagheri H, Mosallaei M, Bagherpour B, Khosravi S, Salehi AR, Salehi R. TFPI2 and NDRG4 gene promoter methylation analysis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells are novel epigenetic noninvasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer diagnosis. J Gene Med 2020; 22:e3189. [PMID: 32196834 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a result of the growing prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC), new screening and early detection methods are required. Among the novel biomarkers, DNA methylation has emerged as a high-potential diagnosis/screening molecular marker. The present study aimed to assess non-invasive early diagnosis of CRC by examining promoter methylation of TFPI2 and NDRG4 genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). METHODS Fifty CRC patients and 50 normal controls were recruited to the present study. Quantitative methylation of the promoter region of the TFPI2 and NDRG4 genes was analyzed in DNA extracted from PBMCs of all cases and control subjects using a methylation-quantification endonuclease-resistant DNA (MethyQESD) method. RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity of the TFPI2 gene for the diagnosis of CRC was 88% and 92%, respectively, and, for the NDRG4 gene, it was 86% and 92%, respectively. The methylation range for the TFPI2 gene was 43.93% and 11.56% in patients and controls, respectively, and, for the NDRG4 gene, it was 38.8% in CRC patients and 12.23% in healthy controls (p < 0.001). In addition, we observed that a higher percentage of methylation was correlated with the higher stage of CRC. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study reveal that PBMCs are reliable sources of methylation analysis for CRC screening. Furthermore, the TFPI2 and NDRG4 genes provide sufficiently high sensitivity and specificity to be nominated for use in a novel noninvasive CRC screening method in PBMCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Bagheri
- Department of Genetics and Molecular biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Meysam Mosallaei
- Department of Genetics and Molecular biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahram Bagherpour
- Department of Genetics and Molecular biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Gerfa Namayesh Azmayesh (GENAZMA) Science & Research Institute, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sharifeh Khosravi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Gerfa Namayesh Azmayesh (GENAZMA) Science & Research Institute, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Büttner R, Friedrichs N. [Hereditary colon cancer in Lynch syndrome/HNPCC syndrome in Germany]. DER PATHOLOGE 2019; 40:584-591. [PMID: 31372733 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-019-0643-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch/HNPCC syndrome) is based on a germline mutation inducing increased occurrence of colorectal cancer and extracolonic carcinomas in young age. The German HNPCC consortium aims to increase awareness for detection of hereditary colon cancer among patients and physicians. OBJECTIVES Reliable detection of HNPCC patients is based on a thorough documentation of patients' medical history and on further diagnostics delivered by human genetics and surgical pathology. This manuscript presents a standardized diagnostic concept. METHODS Relevant literature is reviewed and discussed and diagnostic parameters are outlined. In addition, operating figures of the German HNPCC consortium are presented. RESULTS The German HNPCC consortium is based on an efficient cooperation between clinical physicians, human geneticists, and surgical pathologists. After a funding period from the Deutsche Krebshilfe, HNPCC diagnostics and preventive medical examinations were transferred into standard care in Germany. In total, 5770 families (8873 patients) were included in HNPCC diagnostics. To date, in 1296 families, mutations of the MLH1-, MSH2-, MSH6-, PMS2-, or EPCAM-gene have been detected. Furthermore, 612 pathogenic variants and 325 variants of unknown significance were found. CONCLUSIONS Reliable detection of HNPCC patients is based on a standardized diagnostic concept, which has been established within the German HNPCC consortium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Büttner
- Institut für Pathologie, Medizinische Fakultät und Uniklinik Köln, Universität Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland
| | - N Friedrichs
- Institut für Pathologie, Medizinische Fakultät und Uniklinik Köln, Universität Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cytosolic Hsp70 as a biomarker to predict clinical outcome in patients with glioblastoma. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221502. [PMID: 31430337 PMCID: PMC6701831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The major stress-inducible heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is induced after different stress stimuli. In tumors, elevated intracellular Hsp70 levels were associated on the one hand with radio- and chemotherapy resistance and on the other hand with a favorable outcome for patients. This study was undertaken to investigate cytosolic Hsp70 (cHsp70) as a potential biomarker for progression free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with primary glioblastomas (GBM). METHODS The cHsp70 expression in tumor tissue of 60 patients diagnosed with primary GBM was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The cHsp70 expression was correlated to the PFS and OS of the patients. RESULTS A high cHsp70 expression was associated with a prolonged PFS (hazard ratio = 0.374, p = 0.001) and OS (hazard ratio = 0.416, p = 0.014) in GBM patients treated according to the standard Stupp protocol with surgery, radiotherapy and temozolomide. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the intracellular Hsp70 expression might serve as a prognostic marker in patients with primary GBM.
Collapse
|
16
|
von Rosenstiel C, Wiestler B, Haller B, Schmidt-Graf F, Gempt J, Bettstetter M, Rihani L, Wu W, Meyer B, Schlegel J, Liesche-Starnecker F. Correlation of the quantitative level of MGMT promoter methylation and overall survival in primary diagnosed glioblastomas using the quantitative MethyQESD method. J Clin Pathol 2019; 73:112-115. [PMID: 31422371 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2019-206104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS O(6)-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation is a high predictive factor for therapy results of temozolomide in patients with glioma. The objective of this work was to analyse the impact of MGMT promoter methylation in patients with primary diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) relating to survival using a quantitative method (methylation quantification of endonuclease-resistant DNA, MethyQESD) by verifying a cut-off point for MGMT methylation provided by the literature (</≥10%) and calculating an optimal cut-off. METHODS 67 patients aged 70 years or younger, operated between January 2013 and December 2015, with newly diagnosed IDH wild-type GBM and clinical follow-up were retrospectively investigated in this study. A known MGMT promoter methylation status was the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Median overall survival (OS) was 16.9 months. Patients who had a methylated MGMT promoter region of ≥10% had an improved OS compared with patients with a methylated promoter region of <10% (p=0.002). Optimal cut-off point for MGMT promoter methylation was 11.7% (p=0.012). CONCLUSION The results confirm that the quantitative level of MGMT promoter methylation is a positive prognostic factor in newly diagnosed patients with GBM. The cut-off provided by the literature (</≥10%) and the calculated optimal cut-off value of 11.7% give a statistically significant separation. Hence, MethyQESD is a reliable method to calculate MGMT promoter methylation in GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte von Rosenstiel
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Wiestler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Haller
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Friederike Schmidt-Graf
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Gempt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Laura Rihani
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Meyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schlegel
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Friederike Liesche-Starnecker
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Porkka N, Lahtinen L, Ahtiainen M, Böhm JP, Kuopio T, Eldfors S, Mecklin JP, Seppälä TT, Peltomäki P. Epidemiological, clinical and molecular characterization of Lynch-like syndrome: A population-based study. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:87-98. [PMID: 30575961 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinomas that are mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient in the absence of MLH1 promoter methylation or germline mutations represent Lynch-like syndrome (LLS). Double somatic events inactivating MMR genes are involved in the etiology of LLS tumors. Our purpose was to define the clinical and broader molecular hallmarks of LLS tumors and the population incidence of LLS, which remain poorly characterized. We investigated 762 consecutive colorectal carcinomas operated in Central Finland in 2000-2010. LLS cases were identified by a stepwise protocol based on MMR protein expression, MLH1 methylation and MMR gene mutation status. LLS tumors were profiled for CpG Island Methylator Phenotype (CIMP) and somatic mutations in 578 cancer-relevant genes. Among 107 MMR-deficient tumors, 81 (76%) were attributable to MLH1 promoter methylation and 9 (8%) to germline mutations (Lynch syndrome, LS), leaving 14 LLS cases (13%) (3 remained unclassified). LLS carcinomas were diagnosed at a mean age of 65 years (vs. 44 years in LS, p < 0.001), had a proximal to distal ratio of 1:1, and all were BRAF V600E-negative. Two somatic events in MMR genes were identifiable in 11 tumors (79%). As novel findings, the tumors contained an average of 31 nonsynonymous somatic mutations/Mb and 13/14 were CIMP-positive. In conclusion, we establish the epidemiological, clinical and molecular characteristics of LLS in a population-based study design. Significantly more frequent CIMP-positivity and lower rates of somatic mutations make a distinction to LS. The absence of BRAF V600E mutation separates LLS colorectal carcinomas from MLH1-methylated colorectal carcinomas with CIMP-positive phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noora Porkka
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Lahtinen
- Department of Pathology, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Maarit Ahtiainen
- Department of Education and Research, Jyväskylä Central Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jan P Böhm
- Department of Pathology, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Teijo Kuopio
- Department of Pathology, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Samuli Eldfors
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka-Pekka Mecklin
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Department of Surgery, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Department of Education & Science, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Toni T Seppälä
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Peltomäki
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Enhanced Tumoral MLH1-Expression in MLH1-/PMS2-Deficient Colon Cancer Is Indicative of Sporadic Colon Cancer and Not HNPCC. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:1435-1439. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-00571-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
19
|
Colorectal mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas and neuroendocrine carcinomas are genetically closely related to colorectal adenocarcinomas. Mod Pathol 2017; 30:610-619. [PMID: 28059096 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas are rare and clinically aggressive neoplasms with considerable morphological heterogeneity. Data on their genomic characteristics and molecular associations to either conventional colorectal adenocarcinomas or poorly differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms is still scarce, hampering optimized patient treatment and care. Tissue from 19 colorectal mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas and eight colorectal poorly differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms (neuroendocrine carcinomas) was microdissected and subjected to next-generation sequencing using a colorectal adenocarcinoma-specific panel comprising 196 amplicons covering 32 genes linked to colorectal adenocarcinoma, and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasm tumorigenesis. Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas were also examined for microsatellite instability and MLH-1 promoter methylation status. In three mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas, exocrine and endocrine components were analyzed separately. Genetic testing of colorectal mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas identified 43 somatic mutations clustering in 13/32 genes. Sixteen (84%) tumors harbored at least one somatic mutation, two tumors (11%) displayed high microsatellite instability. Compared with colorectal adenocarcinomas, mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas were more frequently BRAF (37%; P=0.006), and less frequently KRAS (21%; P=0.043) and APC (16%; P=0.001) mutated. Point mutations in neuroendocrine neoplasm-related genes like RB1 or RET were not detected, but one tumor harbored a heterozygous RB1 deletion. Separately analyzed adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma components revealed a shared mutational trunk of driver genes involved in colorectal adenocarcinoma carcinogenesis. Colorectal neuroendocrine carcinomas were similar in their mutation profile to colorectal adenocarcinomas, but compared with mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas, had a higher rate of APC mutations (P=0.027). Our data indicate that colorectal mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas and neuroendocrine carcinomas are genetically closely related to colorectal adenocarcinomas, suggesting that the cells giving rise to these tumors primarily have an intestinal coinage. The identification of BRAF mutations and the frequently present KRAS wild-type status principally render some mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas eligible to targeted treatment strategies used for colorectal adenocarcinomas.
Collapse
|
20
|
Duppel U, Woenckhaus M, Schulz C, Merk J, Dietmaier W. Quantitative detection of TUSC3 promoter methylation -a potential biomarker for prognosis in lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3004-3012. [PMID: 27698890 PMCID: PMC5038372 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant promoter methylation of tumor relevant genes frequently occurs in early steps of carcinogenesis and during tumor progression. Epigenetic alterations could be used as potential biomarkers for early detection and for prediction of prognosis and therapy response in lung cancer. The present study quantitatively analyzed the methylation status of known and potential gatekeeper and tumor suppressor genes [O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), Ras association domain family member 1A (RASSF1A), Ras protein activator like 1 (RASAL1), programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4), metastasis suppressor 1 (MTSS1) and tumor suppressor candidate 3 (TUSC3)] in 42 lung cancers and in corresponding non-malignant bronchus and lung tissue using bisulfite-conversion independent methylation-quantification of endonuclease-resistant DNA (MethyQESD). Methylation status was associated with clinical and pathological parameters. No methylation was found in the promoter regions of PDCD4 and MTSS1 of either compartment. MGMT, RASSF1A and RASAL1 showed sporadic (up to 26.2%) promoter methylation. The promoter of TUSC3, however, was frequently methylated in the tumor (59.5%), benign bronchus (67.9%) and alveolar lung (31.0%) tissues from each tumor patient. The methylation status of TUSC3 was significantly associated with smaller tumor size (P=0.008) and a longer overall survival (P=0.013). Pooled blood DNA of healthy individuals did not show any methylation of either gene. Therefore, methylation of TUSC3 shows prognostic and pathobiological relevance in lung cancer. Furthermore, quantitative detection of TUSC3 promoter methylation appears to be a promising tool for early detection and prediction of prognosis in lung cancer. However, additional studies are required to confirm this finding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uta Duppel
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | | | - Christian Schulz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Johannes Merk
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Dietmaier
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
As in only few other areas of oncology, molecular markers in neurooncology have become an integral part of clinical decision-making. This development is driven by a bustling scientific activity exploring the molecular basis and pathogenesis of human brain tumors. In addition, a high percentage of brain tumor patients are included in clinical studies in which molecular markers are assessed and linked with clinical informativeness. First steps towards more differentiated therapeutic strategies against brain tumors have thus been taken. The implementation in the clinical and diagnostic routine requires a detailed knowledge and a close collaboration between all medical disciplines involved.
Collapse
|
22
|
Bumes E, Rzonsa S, Hutterer M, Proescholdt M, Bogdahn U, Riemenschneider MJ, Uhl M, Wendl C, Hau P. Adverse event grading following CTCAE v3.0 underestimates hypertensive side effects in patients with glioma treated with Bevacizumab. J Neurooncol 2016; 127:191-200. [PMID: 26721240 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-2031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Anti-VEGF therapy with Bevacizumab (BEV) is widely used in cases of relapsed high-grade glioma (HGG). Arterial hypertension is a known side effect of anti-VEGF therapy. 42 Patients with relapsed HGG were treated with BEV 10 mg/kg on days 1 and 15 of 28-day cycles in addition to treatment with 40 mg TMZ daily until disease progression, based on magnetic resonance imaging and/or worsening of clinical status. In a retrospective analysis, hypertensive side effects were evaluated as the primary endpoint, while survival information in addition to toxicity was analyzed as secondary endpoint. Grading which employs the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0 detected hypertensive events with a significantly higher sensitivity than CTCAE version 3.0. The rate of severe hypertensive events observed as CTCAE ≥ °3 were 9.5 % in version 3.0 and 45.2 % in version 4.0. The results presented here indicate that CTCAE version 3.0 may underreport the incidence and grade of BEV-induced hypertension within clinical trials. As hypertension has not only long-term, but also severe short-term side effects, we suggest that arterial hypertension under BEV should be scored according to CTCAE version 4.0 to avoid clinically relevant hypertension-related adverse events in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Bumes
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University of Regensburg Medical School, Universitätsstraße 84, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Rzonsa
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University of Regensburg Medical School, Universitätsstraße 84, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Hutterer
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University of Regensburg Medical School, Universitätsstraße 84, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Proescholdt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Regensburg University Hospital, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Bogdahn
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University of Regensburg Medical School, Universitätsstraße 84, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus J Riemenschneider
- Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Uhl
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Wendl
- Department of Radiology, Regensburg University Hospital, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hau
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University of Regensburg Medical School, Universitätsstraße 84, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hariri M, Salehi R, Feizi A, Mirlohi M, Ghiasvand R, Habibi N. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial on probiotic soy milk and soy milk: effects on epigenetics and oxidative stress in patients with type II diabetes. GENES AND NUTRITION 2015; 10:52. [PMID: 26577825 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-015-0503-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This clinical trial aimed to discover the effects of probiotic soy milk and soy milk on MLH1 and MSH2 promoter methylation, and oxidative stress among type II diabetic patients. Forty patients with type II diabetes mellitus aged 35-68 years were assigned to two groups in this randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. Patients in the intervention group consumed 200 ml/day of probiotic soy milk containing Lactobacillus plantarum A7, while those in the control group consumed 200 ml/d of conventional soy milk for 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples, anthropometric measurements, and 24-h dietary recalls were collected at the baseline and at the end of the study, respectively. Probiotic soy milk significantly decreased promoter methylation in proximal and distal MLH1 promoter region (P < 0.01 and P < 0.0001, respectively) compared with the baseline values, while plasma concentration of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) decreased significantly compared with soy milk (P < 0.05). In addition, a significant increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was observed in probiotic soy milk group compared with baseline value (P < 0.01). There were no significant changes from baseline in the promoter methylation of MSH2 within either group (P > 0.05). The consumption of probiotic soy milk improved antioxidant status in type II diabetic patients and may decrease promoter methylation among these patients, indicating that probiotic soy milk is a promising agent for diabetes management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Hariri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Rasoul Salehi
- Pediatrics Inherited Diseases Research Center, Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Mirlohi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Ghiasvand
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Nahal Habibi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Feng T, Dzieran J, Gu X, Marhenke S, Vogel A, Machida K, Weiss TS, Ruemmele P, Kollmar O, Hoffmann P, Grässer F, Allgayer H, Fabian J, Weng HL, Teufel A, Maass T, Meyer C, Lehmann U, Zhu C, Mertens PR, Gao CF, Dooley S, Meindl-Beinker NM. Smad7 regulates compensatory hepatocyte proliferation in damaged mouse liver and positively relates to better clinical outcome in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 128:761-74. [PMID: 25602745 PMCID: PMC10618913 DOI: 10.1042/cs20140606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is cytostatic towards damage-induced compensatory hepatocyte proliferation. This function is frequently lost during hepatocarcinogenesis, thereby switching the TGF-β role from tumour suppressor to tumour promoter. In the present study, we investigate Smad7 overexpression as a pathophysiological mechanism for cytostatic TGF-β inhibition in liver damage and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Transgenic hepatocyte-specific Smad7 overexpression in damaged liver of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH)-deficient mice increased compensatory proliferation of hepatocytes. Similarly, modulation of Smad7 expression changed the sensitivity of Huh7, FLC-4, HLE and HLF HCC cell lines for cytostatic TGF-β effects. In our cohort of 140 HCC patients, Smad7 transcripts were elevated in 41.4% of HCC samples as compared with adjacent tissue, with significant positive correlation to tumour size, whereas low Smad7 expression levels were significantly associated with worse clinical outcome. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicate Smad7 levels as an independent predictor for overall (P<0.001) and disease-free survival (P=0.0123). Delineating a mechanism for Smad7 transcriptional regulation in HCC, we identified cold-shock Y-box protein-1 (YB-1), a multifunctional transcription factor. YB-1 RNAi reduced TGF-β-induced and endogenous Smad7 expression in Huh7 and FLC-4 cells respectively. YB-1 and Smad7 mRNA expression levels correlated positively (P<0.0001). Furthermore, nuclear co-localization of Smad7 and YB-1 proteins was present in cancer cells of those patients. In summary, the present study provides a YB-1/Smad7-mediated mechanism that interferes with anti-proliferative/tumour-suppressive TGF-β actions in a subgroup of HCC cells that may facilitate aspects of tumour progression.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Hep G2 Cells
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- Humans
- Liver Diseases/genetics
- Liver Diseases/metabolism
- Liver Diseases/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Middle Aged
- Multivariate Analysis
- RNA Interference
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Smad7 Protein/genetics
- Smad7 Protein/metabolism
- Survival Analysis
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/pharmacology
- Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/genetics
- Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Feng
- *Molecular Hepatology Alcohol Associated Diseases, Dept. of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johanna Dzieran
- *Molecular Hepatology Alcohol Associated Diseases, Dept. of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Xing Gu
- †Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Silke Marhenke
- ‡Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arndt Vogel
- ‡Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Keigo Machida
- §Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
| | - Thomas S Weiss
- ║Department of Pediatrics and Juvenile Medicine, Center for Liver Cell Research, University of Regensburg Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Petra Ruemmele
- ¶Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Otto Kollmar
- **Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Patrick Hoffmann
- ††Saarland University Medical School, Institute of Virology, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Friedrich Grässer
- ††Saarland University Medical School, Institute of Virology, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Heike Allgayer
- ‡‡Department of Experimental Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim and Molecular Oncology of Solid Tumors, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Fabian
- *Molecular Hepatology Alcohol Associated Diseases, Dept. of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hong Lei Weng
- *Molecular Hepatology Alcohol Associated Diseases, Dept. of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Teufel
- §§Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Maass
- §§Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Meyer
- *Molecular Hepatology Alcohol Associated Diseases, Dept. of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ulrich Lehmann
- ║║Institute of Pathology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Cheng Zhu
- ¶¶Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter R Mertens
- ¶¶Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Chun Fang Gao
- †Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Steven Dooley
- *Molecular Hepatology Alcohol Associated Diseases, Dept. of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nadja M Meindl-Beinker
- *Molecular Hepatology Alcohol Associated Diseases, Dept. of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bartley AN, Hamilton SR. Select biomarkers for tumors of the gastrointestinal tract: present and future. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2014; 139:457-68. [PMID: 25333834 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2014-0189-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Advances in molecular biomarkers of the gastrointestinal tract have contributed to a decline in the incidence of and mortality from diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. The discovery and clinical validation of new biomarkers are important to personalized cancer therapy, and numerous clinical trials are currently ongoing to help identify individualized therapy affecting these biomarkers and molecular mechanisms they represent. Distinct molecular pathways leading to cancers of the colorectum, esophagus, stomach, small bowel, and pancreas have been identified. Using biomarkers in these pathways to direct patient care, including selection of proper molecular testing for identification of actionable mutations and reporting the results of these biomarkers to guide clinicians and genetic counselors, is paramount. OBJECTIVE To examine and review select clinically actionable biomarkers of the colon, esophagus, stomach, small bowel, and pancreas, including present and future biomarkers with relevant clinical trials. DATA SOURCES Extensive literature review and practical and consultation experience of the authors. CONCLUSIONS Although numerous biomarkers have been identified and are currently guiding patient therapy, few have shown evidence of clinical utility in the management of patients with gastrointestinal cancers. Inconsistent results and discordant proposed algorithms for testing were identified throughout the literature; however, the potential for biomarkers to improve outcomes for patients with gastrointestinal cancer remains high. Continued advances through high-quality studies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela N Bartley
- From Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, St. Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ypsilanti, Michigan (Dr Bartley); and the Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (Dr Hamilton)
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Schlitter AM, Born D, Bettstetter M, Specht K, Kim-Fuchs C, Riener MO, Jeliazkova P, Sipos B, Siveke JT, Terris B, Zen Y, Schuster T, Höfler H, Perren A, Klöppel G, Esposito I. Intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct: stepwise progression to carcinoma involves common molecular pathways. Mod Pathol 2014; 27:73-86. [PMID: 23828315 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2013.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct are still poorly characterized regarding (1) their molecular alterations during the development to invasive carcinomas, (2) their subtype stratification and (3) their biological behavior. We performed a multicenter study that analyzed these issues in a large European cohort. Intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct from 45 patients were graded and subtyped using mucin markers and CDX2. In addition, tumors were analyzed for common oncogenic pathways, and the findings were correlated with subtype and grade. Data were compared with those from 22 extra- and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas. Intraductal papillary neoplasms showed a development from preinvasive low- to high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia to invasive carcinoma. Molecular and immunohistochemical analysis revealed mutated KRAS, overexpression of TP53 and loss of p16 in low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, whereas loss of SMAD4 was found in late phases of tumor development. Alterations of HER2, EGFR, β-catenin and GNAS were rare events. Among the subtypes, pancreato-biliary (36%) and intestinal (29%) were the most common, followed by gastric (18%) and oncocytic (13%) subtypes. Patients with intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct showed a slightly better overall survival than patients with cholangiocarcinoma (hazard ratio (cholangiocarcinoma versus intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct): 1.40; 95% confidence interval: 0.46-4.30; P=0.552). The development of biliary intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct follows an adenoma-carcinoma sequence that correlates with the stepwise activation of common oncogenic pathways. Further large trials are needed to investigate and verify the finding of a better prognosis of intraductal papillary neoplasms compared with conventional cholangiocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Born
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Katja Specht
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Corina Kim-Fuchs
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Petia Jeliazkova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Bence Sipos
- Institute of Pathology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jens T Siveke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Benoit Terris
- Division of Pathological Anatomy, Hôpital Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Yoh Zen
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Tibor Schuster
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Heinz Höfler
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Aurel Perren
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Günter Klöppel
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Irene Esposito
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chen CW, Zhu Z, Dong J. Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:2963-2968. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i28.2963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), also known as Lynch syndrome, is a class of autosomal dominant genetic disease. Main clinical characteristics of HNPCC include early onset age, more common in the right colon, and concomitant with simultaneous or metachronous extracolonic cancers, including endometrial cancer, stomach cancer, and ovarian cancer. However, the prognosis of HNPCC is better than sporadic colorectal cancer. Screening and intervention for HNPCC among high-risk pedigree population can effectively reduce the cancer incidence and mortality. In this article we will review the pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, screening, prevention and treatment of HNPCC.
Collapse
|
28
|
Thiel A, Heinonen M, Kantonen J, Gylling A, Lahtinen L, Korhonen M, Kytölä S, Mecklin JP, Orpana A, Peltomäki P, Ristimäki A. BRAF mutation in sporadic colorectal cancer and Lynch syndrome. Virchows Arch 2013; 463:613-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-013-1470-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
29
|
Refined brain tumor diagnostics and stratified therapies: the requirement for a multidisciplinary approach. Acta Neuropathol 2013; 126:21-37. [PMID: 23689616 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-013-1127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Individualized therapies are popular current concepts in oncology and first steps towards stratified medicine have now been taken in neurooncology through implementation of stratified therapeutic approaches. Knowledge about the molecular basis of brain tumors has expanded greatly in recent years and a few molecular alterations are studied routinely because of their clinical relevance. However, no single targeted agent has yet been fully approved for the treatment of glial brain tumors. In this review, we argue that multidisciplinary and integrated approaches are essential for translational research and the development of new treatments for patients with malignant gliomas, and we present a conceptual framework in which to place the components of such an interdisciplinary approach. We believe that this ambitious goal can be best realized through strong cooperation of brain tumor centers with local hospitals and physicians; such an approach enables close dialogue between expert subspecialty clinicians and local therapists to consider all aspects of this increasingly complex set of diseases.
Collapse
|
30
|
Gröschl B, Bettstetter M, Giedl C, Woenckhaus M, Edmonston T, Hofstädter F, Dietmaier W. Expression of the MAP kinase phosphatase DUSP4 is associated with microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer (CRC) and causes increased cell proliferation. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:1537-46. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
31
|
Schäfer A, Teufel J, Ringel F, Bettstetter M, Hoepner I, Rasper M, Gempt J, Koeritzer J, Schmidt-Graf F, Meyer B, Beier CP, Schlegel J. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1--a new mediator of resistance to temozolomide in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2012; 14:1452-64. [PMID: 23132408 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Implementation of chemotherapy with the drug temozolomide increased the overall survival of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM; WHO grade IV), in particular when the O(6)-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter is epigenetically silenced. Nevertheless, the prognosis remains poor, and relapse in GBM occurs regularly. This clinical behavior seems to be due to the existence of a therapy-resistant subpopulation of cells that induce tumor regrowth. The objective of this work was to analyze the role of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 1A1 in mediating temozolomide resistance and its value as a predictor of clinical outcome in GBM patients. Nine GBM cell lines were treated with temozolomide alone or in combination with 4-diethylaminobenzaldehyde (DEAB), an inhibitor of ALDH1A1, or with ALDH1A1 short hairpin (sh)RNA. ALDH1A1 expression and MGMT status of 70 primary GBM patients were correlated with median survival. ALDH1A1 overexpression predicted temozolomide resistance in vitro. Sensitivity of ALDH1A1 positive/MGMT-positive cells to temozolomide could be restored by inhibition of ALDH1A1 by DEAB or by knockdown with shRNA, as indicated by increased cytotoxicity, reduced clonogenicity, and accumulation in the G2/M cell-cycle phase. The prognosis of patients with a high level of ALDH1A1 expression was poor compared with that of patients with low levels (P < .0001). ALDH1A1 is a new mediator for resistance of GBM to temozolomide and a reliable predictor of clinical outcome and may serve as a potential target to improve treatment of human GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schäfer
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Malzkorn B, Wolter M, Riemenschneider MJ, Reifenberger G. Unraveling the glioma epigenome: from molecular mechanisms to novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Brain Pathol 2012; 21:619-32. [PMID: 21939466 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2011.00536.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression by DNA methylation and histone modification is frequently altered in human cancers including gliomas, the most common primary brain tumors. In diffuse astrocytic and oligodendroglial gliomas, epigenetic changes often present as aberrant hypermethylation of 5'-cytosine-guanine (CpG)-rich regulatory sequences in a large variety of genes, a phenomenon referred to as glioma CpG island methylator phenotype (G-CIMP). G-CIMP is particularly common but not restricted to gliomas with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) or 2 (IDH2) mutation. Recent studies provided a mechanistic link between these genetic mutations and the associated widespread epigenetic modifications. Specifically, 2-hydroxyglutarate, the oncometabolite produced by mutant IDH1 and IDH2 proteins, has been shown to function as a competitive inhibitor of various α-ketoglutarate (α-KG)-dependent dioxygenases, including histone demethylases and members of the ten-eleven-translocation (TET) family of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) hydroxylases. In this review article, we briefly address (i) the basic principles of epigenetic control of gene expression; (ii) the most important methods to analyze focal and global epigenetic alterations in cells and tissues; and (iii) the involvement of epigenetic alterations in the molecular pathogenesis of gliomas. Moreover, we discuss the promising roles of epigenetic alterations as molecular diagnostic markers and novel therapeutic targets, and highlight future perspectives toward unraveling the "glioma epigenome."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Malzkorn
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|