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Iloki Assanga SB, Lewis Luján LM, McCarty MF. Targeting beta-catenin signaling for prevention of colorectal cancer - Nutraceutical, drug, and dietary options. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 956:175898. [PMID: 37481200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Progressive up-regulation of β-catenin signaling is very common in the transformation of colorectal epithelium to colorectal cancer (CRC). Practical measures for opposing such signaling hence have potential for preventing or slowing such transformation. cAMP/PKA activity in colon epithelium, as stimulated by COX-2-generated prostaglandins and β2-adrenergic signaling, boosts β-catenin activity, whereas cGMP/PKG signaling has the opposite effect. Bacterial generation of short-chain fatty acids (as supported by unrefined high-carbohydrate diets, berberine, and probiotics), dietary calcium, daily aspirin, antioxidants opposing cox-2 induction, and nicotine avoidance, can suppress cAMP production in colonic epithelium, whereas cGMP can be boosted via linaclotides, PDE5 inhibitors such as sildenafil or icariin, and likely high-dose biotin. Selective activation of estrogen receptor-β by soy isoflavones, support of adequate vitamin D receptor activity with UV exposure or supplemental vitamin D, and inhibition of CK2 activity with flavanols such as quercetin, can also oppose β-catenin signaling in colorectal epithelium. Secondary bile acids, the colonic production of which can be diminished by low-fat diets and berberine, can up-regulate β-catenin activity by down-regulating farnesoid X receptor expression. Stimulation of PI3K/Akt via insulin, IGF-I, TLR4, and EGFR receptors boosts β-catenin levels via inhibition of glycogen synthase-3β; plant-based diets can down-regulate insulin and IGF-I levels, exercise training and leanness can keep insulin low, anthocyanins and their key metabolite ferulic acid have potential for opposing TLR4 signaling, and silibinin is a direct antagonist for EGFR. Partially hydrolyzed phytate can oppose growth factor-mediated down-regulation of β-catenin by inhibiting Akt activation. Multifactorial strategies for safely opposing β-catenin signaling can be complemented with measures that diminish colonic mutagenesis and DNA hypomethylation - such as avoidance of heme-rich meat and charred or processed meats, consumption of phase II-inductive foods and nutraceuticals (e.g., Crucifera), and assurance of adequate folate status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bernard Iloki Assanga
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N Col. Centro, Hermosillo, Sonora, C.P. 83000, Mexico.
| | - Lidianys María Lewis Luján
- Technological Institute of Hermosillo (ITH), Ave. Tecnológico y Periférico Poniente S/N, Col. Sahuaro, Hermosillo, Sonora, C.P. 83170, México.
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Irving AA, Waters BJ, Seeman JR, Plum LA, DeLuca HF. Vitamin D receptor absence does not enhance intestinal tumorigenesis in ApcPirc/+ rats. Biol Open 2022; 11:275913. [PMID: 35662320 PMCID: PMC9277077 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological observations have prompted some to posit that elevated circulating vitamin D is responsible for reduced colon cancer in individuals residing near the equator. We have previously demonstrated that vitamin D has no effect on colon cancer in two rodent models of intestinal tumorigenesis. We have now extended this line of inquiry to ask whether ablation of vitamin D receptor (VDR) affects tumorigenesis. A VDR null rat was developed using Cas9-CRISPR technology, which allowed us to investigate whether 1,25(OH)D3 signaling through its receptor plays a role in intestinal tumorigenesis. Loss of VDR expression alone did not induce tumorigenesis, even in animals exposed to the inflammatory agent dextran sodium sulfate. These VDR−/− rats were then crossed with ApcPirc/+ rats, which are predisposed to the development of intestinal neoplasms. In combination with the Pirc/+ mutation, VDR loss did not enhance tumor multiplicity, growth, or progression in the colon or small intestine. This study demonstrates that the vitamin D receptor does not impact tumor development, and strongly supports previous findings that vitamin D itself does not play a role in colon cancer development or progression. Alternative explanations are needed for the original latitude hypothesis, as well as observational data in humans. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: Loss of vitamin D receptor, alone or in combination with either an inflammatory agent or the ApcPirc/+ rat intestinal tumor model, did not enhance tumor occurrence, growth, or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Irving
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Bayley J Waters
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jeremy R Seeman
- DiaSorin Inc, 1951 Northwestern Avenue, Stillwater, MN 55082, USA
| | - Lori A Plum
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hector F DeLuca
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Serum Calcium Level Combined with Platelet Count May Be Useful Indicators for Assisted Diagnosis of Extremity Posttraumatic Osteomyelitis: A Comparative Analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:6196663. [PMID: 34745387 PMCID: PMC8568509 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6196663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background A previous study had reported that patients with osteomyelitis (OM) appeared to be more likely to develop hypocalcemia before and after surgery. Calcium sulfate (CS) is frequently used as a local antibiotic vehicle in the treatment of OM, which may also affect serum calcium level. However, whether changes of serum calcium level are caused by OM and/or local use of calcium sulfate remains unclear. Also, platelet (PLT) count plays a crucial predictive role in periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs), but its role in assisted diagnosis of OM is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether serum calcium level and PLT count may be helpful in assisted diagnosis of PTOM. Methods Between January 2013 and December 2018, we analyzed 468 consecutive patients (392 males and 76 females), including 170 patients with posttraumatic OM (PTOM), 130 patients with aseptic bone nonunion (ABN), and 168 patients recovered from fractures with requirement of implant removal set as controls. Preoperative serological levels of calcium, phosphorus, and PLT were detected, and comparisons were conducted among the above three groups. Additionally, correlations and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were displayed to test whether calcium level and PLT can differentiate patients with ABN and PTOM. Results Outcomes showed that the incidences of asymptomatic hypocalcemia (PTOM vs. ABN vs. controls = 22.94% vs. 6.92% vs. 8.82%, χ2 = 21.098, P < 0.001) and thrombocytosis (PTOM vs. ABN vs. controls = 35.3% vs. 13.84% vs. 12.35%, χ2 = 28.512, P < 0.001) were highest in PTOM patients. Besides, the mean serological levels of phosphorus in PTOM and ABN patients were significantly higher than those in the controls (P = 0.007). The Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the ROC curve outcomes revealed that, with the combination of serum calcium level with PLT count, the predictive role was acceptable (AUC 0.730, P < 0.001, 95% CI 0.681-0.780). Also, serological levels of calcium of 2.225 mmol/L and PLT count of 246.5 × 109/L were identified as the optimal cut-off values to distinguish patients with and without PTOM. However, age- and gender-related differences in serum calcium levels (age, P = 0.056; gender, P = 0.978) and PLT count (age, P = 0.363; gender, P = 0.799) were not found to be statistically significant in any groups. In addition, no significant correlations were identified between serum calcium level and PLT count (R = 0.010, P = 0.839). Conclusions Asymptomatic hypocalcemia and thrombocytosis appeared to be more frequent in this cohort with PTOM. Serological levels of calcium and PLT count may be useful biomarkers in screening patients suspected of PTOM.
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Schepelmann M, Kupper N, Sladczyk M, Mansfield B, Manhardt T, Piatek K, Iamartino L, Riccardi D, Kariuki BM, Bassetto M, Kallay E. Stereo-Specific Modulation of the Extracellular Calcium-Sensing Receptor in Colon Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810124. [PMID: 34576291 PMCID: PMC8464956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological allosteric agonists (calcimimetics) of the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) have substantial gastro-intestinal side effects and induce the expression of inflammatory markers in colon cancer cells. Here, we compared the effects of both CaSR-specific (R enantiomers) and -unspecific (S enantiomers) enantiomers of a calcimimetic (NPS 568) and a calcilytic (allosteric CaSR antagonists; NPS 2143) to prove that these effects are indeed mediated via the CaSR, rather than via off-target effects, e.g., on β-adrenoceptors or calcium channels, of these drugs. The unspecific S enantiomer of NPS 2143 and NPS S-2143 was prepared using synthetic chemistry and characterized using crystallography. NPS S-2143 was then tested in HEK-293 cells stably transfected with the human CaSR (HEK-CaSR), where it did not inhibit CaSR-mediated intracellular Ca2+ signals, as expected. HT29 colon cancer cells transfected with the CaSR were treated with both enantiomers of NPS 568 and NPS 2143 alone or in combination, and the expression of CaSR and the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 8 (IL-8) was measured by RT-qPCR and ELISA. Only the CaSR-selective enantiomers of the calcimimetic NPS 568 and NPS 2143 were able to modulate CaSR and IL-8 expression. We proved that pro-inflammatory effects in colon cancer cells are indeed mediated through CaSR activation. The non-CaSR selective enantiomer NPS S-2143 will be a valuable tool for investigations in CaSR-mediated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schepelmann
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.K.); (M.S.); (T.M.); (K.P.); (L.I.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (E.K.); Tel.: +43-1-40400-51230 (M.S. & E.K.)
| | - Nadja Kupper
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.K.); (M.S.); (T.M.); (K.P.); (L.I.)
| | - Marta Sladczyk
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.K.); (M.S.); (T.M.); (K.P.); (L.I.)
| | - Bethan Mansfield
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (B.M.); (D.R.)
| | - Teresa Manhardt
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.K.); (M.S.); (T.M.); (K.P.); (L.I.)
| | - Karina Piatek
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.K.); (M.S.); (T.M.); (K.P.); (L.I.)
| | - Luca Iamartino
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.K.); (M.S.); (T.M.); (K.P.); (L.I.)
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 18, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Riccardi
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (B.M.); (D.R.)
| | - Benson M. Kariuki
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK;
| | - Marcella Bassetto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Singleton Park Campus, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK;
| | - Enikö Kallay
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.K.); (M.S.); (T.M.); (K.P.); (L.I.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (E.K.); Tel.: +43-1-40400-51230 (M.S. & E.K.)
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Sun G, Wu L, Sun G, Shi X, Cao H, Tang W. WNT5a in Colorectal Cancer: Research Progress and Challenges. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:2483-2498. [PMID: 33758546 PMCID: PMC7981155 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s289819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the clinical development of new adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy drugs, colorectal cancer is still one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in human beings. WNT5a, an autocrine and paracrine β-catenin independent ligand, has been shown to induce tumor inhibition and carcinogenic signals, depending on the type of cancer. In patients with colorectal cancer, WNT5a triggers a variety of downstream signaling pathways, which mainly affect the migration and invasion of tumor cells. This article reviews the mechanism and therapeutic potential of WNT5a in colorectal cancer. In short, an in-depth understanding of the role of WNT5a in colorectal cancer is very helpful to better deal with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangshun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangliang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesong Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyong Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Tuffour A, Kosiba AA, Zhang Y, Peprah FA, Gu J, Shi H. Role of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in cancer metastasis to bone: Identifying a potential therapeutic target. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188528. [PMID: 33640382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide due to its ability to evade immune surveillance and metastasize from its origin to a secondary point of contact. Though several treatment techniques have been developed to suppress or manage cancer spread, a strategy for total control over the disease continues to evade researchers. In considering ways to control or prevent cancer from metastasizing to the bone, we analyze the impact of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), whose primary role is to maintain calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis in cellular and systemic physiological processes. CaSR is a pleiotropic receptor capable of enhancing the proliferation of some cancers such as breast, lung, prostate and kidney cancers at its primary site(s) and stimulating bone metastasis, while exerting a suppressive effect in others such as colon cancer. The activity of CaSR not only increases cancer cell proliferation, migration and suppression of apoptosis in the organs indicated, but also increases the secretion of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and epiregulin, which induce osteolytic activity and osteoblastic suppression. In addition, released cytokines and Ca2+ from bone resorption are critical factors that further promote cancer proliferation. In this review, we seek to highlight previous viewpoints on CaSR, discuss its role in a new context, and consider its potential clinical application in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Tuffour
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | | | - Yao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Frank Addai Peprah
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Jie Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Haifeng Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
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Iamartino L, Elajnaf T, Gall K, David J, Manhardt T, Heffeter P, Grusch M, Derdak S, Baumgartner-Parzer S, Schepelmann M, Kallay E. Effects of pharmacological calcimimetics on colorectal cancer cells over-expressing the human calcium-sensing receptor. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118836. [PMID: 32861746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a ubiquitously expressed multifunctional G protein-coupled receptor. Several studies reported that the CaSR plays an anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic role in the intestine, and that it is down-regulated during colorectal carcinogenesis. We hypothesized that positive allosteric CaSR modulators (type II calcimimetics) selectively targeting the intestinal cells could be used for the treatment of intestinal pathologies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of pharmacological stimulation of CaSR on gene expression in vitro and on tumor growth in vivo. We stably transduced two colon cancer cell lines (HT29 and Caco2) with lentiviral vectors containing either the CaSR fused to GFP or GFP only. Using RNA sequencing, RT-qPCR experiments and ELISA, we determined that CaSR over-expression itself had generally little effect on gene expression in these cells. However, treatment with 1 μM of the calcimimetic NPS R-568 increased the expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-23α and IL-8 and reduced the transcription of various differentiation markers in the cells over-expressing the CaSR. In vivo, neither the presence of the CaSR nor p.o. treatment of the animals with the calcimimetic cinacalcet affected tumor growth, tumor cell proliferation or tumor vascularization of murine HT29 xenografts. In summary, CaSR stimulation in CaSR over-expressing cells enhanced the expression of inflammatory markers in vitro, but was not able to repress colorectal cancer tumorigenicity in vivo. These findings suggest potential pro-inflammatory effects of the CaSR and type II calcimimetics in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Iamartino
- Medical University of Vienna, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Taha Elajnaf
- Medical University of Vienna, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Gall
- Medical University of Vienna, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jacquelina David
- Medical University of Vienna, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Teresa Manhardt
- Medical University of Vienna, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Grusch
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophia Derdak
- Medical University of Vienna, Core Facilities, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabina Baumgartner-Parzer
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Internal Medicine III, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Schepelmann
- Medical University of Vienna, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Enikö Kallay
- Medical University of Vienna, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Cosín-Roger J, Ortiz-Masia D, Barrachina MD, Calatayud S. Metabolite Sensing GPCRs: Promising Therapeutic Targets for Cancer Treatment? Cells 2020; 9:cells9112345. [PMID: 33113952 PMCID: PMC7690732 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors constitute the most diverse and largest receptor family in the human genome, with approximately 800 different members identified. Given the well-known metabolic alterations in cancer development, we will focus specifically in the 19 G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which can be selectively activated by metabolites. These metabolite sensing GPCRs control crucial processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and survival after their activation. In the present review, we will describe the main functions of these metabolite sensing GPCRs and shed light on the benefits of their potential use as possible pharmacological targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Cosín-Roger
- Hospital Dr. Peset, Fundación para la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, FISABIO, 46017 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963851234
| | - Dolores Ortiz-Masia
- Departament of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Maria Dolores Barrachina
- Departament of Pharmacology and CIBER, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.D.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Sara Calatayud
- Departament of Pharmacology and CIBER, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.D.B.); (S.C.)
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Rivas VN, Magdesian KG, Fagan S, Slovis NM, Luethy D, Javsicas LH, Caserto BG, Miller AD, Dahlgren AR, Peterson J, Hales EN, Peng S, Watson KD, Khokha MK, Finno CJ. A nonsense variant in Rap Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor 5 (RAPGEF5) is associated with equine familial isolated hypoparathyroidism in Thoroughbred foals. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009028. [PMID: 32986719 PMCID: PMC7544121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic hypocalcemia in Thoroughbred (TB) foals causes tetany and seizures and is invariably fatal. Based upon the similarity of this disease with human familial hypoparathyroidism and occurrence only in the TB breed, we conducted a genetic investigation on two affected TB foals. Familial hypoparathyroidism was identified, and pedigree analysis suggested an autosomal recessive (AR) mode of inheritance. We performed whole-genome sequencing of the two foals, their unaffected dams and four unaffected, unrelated TB horses. Both homozygosity mapping and an association analysis were used to prioritize potential genetic variants. Of the 2,808 variants that significantly associated with the phenotype using an AR mode of inheritance (P<0.02) and located within a region of homozygosity, 1,507 (54%) were located in a 9.7 Mb region on chr4 (44.9-54.6 Mb). Within this region, a nonsense variant (RAPGEF5 c.2624C>A,p.Ser875*) was significantly associated with the hypoparathyroid phenotype (Pallelic = 0.008). Affected foals were homozygous for the variant, with two additional affected foals subsequently confirmed in 2019. Necropsies of all affected foals failed to identify any histologically normal parathyroid glands. Because the nonsense mutation in RAPGEF5 was near the C-terminal end of the protein, the impact on protein function was unclear. Therefore, we tested the variant in our Xenopus overexpression model and demonstrated RAPGEF5 loss-of-function. This RAPGEF5 variant represents the first genetic variant for hypoparathyroidism identified in any domestic animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor N. Rivas
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - K. Gary Magdesian
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Sophia Fagan
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Nathan M. Slovis
- Hagyard Equine Medical Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Daniela Luethy
- Department of Clinical Studies–New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Laura H. Javsicas
- Rhinebeck Equine L.L.P., Rhinebeck, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Andrew D. Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Anna R. Dahlgren
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Janel Peterson
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Erin N. Hales
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Sichong Peng
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Katherine D. Watson
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Mustafa K. Khokha
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Carrie J. Finno
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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Sha Y, Rui Z, Dong Y, Wei X, Zhou Y, Ye X, He L, Shi D. Total Serum Calcium Level Is Negatively Correlated With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Activity. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820926764. [PMID: 32435164 PMCID: PMC7223868 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820926764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease and hypocomplementemia signifies disease activity. Several studies have shown that calcium may help maintain optimum function of immune system and metabolism in SLE. The aim of our study was to analyze the relationship between total serum calcium level and SLE activity. A total of 66 patients with SLE and 214 healthy controls were included in this study. Our results showed lower serum levels of calcium (P < .001), complement C3 (P < .001), complement C4 (P < .001), and albumin (P < .001) in patients with SLE. A negative correlation was found between serum calcium level and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) rating (r = -0.394, P = .001). Additionally, serum level of calcium was positively correlated with serum complement C3 level (r = 0.366, P = .003) in patients with SLE, while no such correlation was found between serum calcium level and complement C4 (r = -0.190, P = .126). Likewise, patients with SLE with normal serum calcium level showed higher complement C3 level (P < .01) than that of patients with low serum calcium level. Overall, the results displayed that patients with SLE have lower serum calcium level compared to healthy controls, and the serum calcium level is positively correlated with SLEDAI rating and serum complement C3 level in patients with SLE. In conclusion, the total serum calcium level is negatively correlated with SLE disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqin Sha
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhilian Rui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liyang People’s Hospital, Liyang, China
| | - Yuxiang Dong
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiyi Wei
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuning Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Ye
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lianping He
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- College of Experience Industry, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, China
| | - Dongyan Shi
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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11
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Tuğrul B, Söylev S, Temiz P, Gençoğlan G. Investigation of effect of vitamin D receptor, calcium-sensing receptor and β-catenin on cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. TURKISH JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/tjb-2019-0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a malignant and invasive tumor which is originated from epidermis with a high incidence among non-melanoma skin cancers. The aim of this study was to determine whether vitamin D receptor (VDR), calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and beta catenin (β-catenin) proteins have an effect on cSCC.Materials and methodsVDR, CaSR and β-catenin proteins in tissue samples of cSCC and control group were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting (WB) method. IHC findings were statistically evaluated.ResultsIHC staining density of VDR and β-catenin were higher in cSCC tissue samples than control. The difference between IHC staining density of VDR and β-catenin in the patient and the control groups were statistically significant (p = 0.021, p = 0.021, respectively), but not for CaSR (p = 0.237). While the VDR and β-catenin staining rates obtained by the IHC method could be supported by WB results, the WB bands for CaSR could not be shown.ConclusionThe findings suggest that VDR and β-catenin may have an effect on the disease. Further research is required to better understand the role of VDR and β-catenin together on cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrin Tuğrul
- Molecular Biology Section, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Sevinç Söylev
- Molecular Biology Section, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Peyker Temiz
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Gülsüm Gençoğlan
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
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12
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Tastanova A, Folcher M, Müller M, Camenisch G, Ponti A, Horn T, Tikhomirova MS, Fussenegger M. Synthetic biology-based cellular biomedical tattoo for detection of hypercalcemia associated with cancer. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/437/eaap8562. [PMID: 29669854 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aap8562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis marks the beginning of any successful therapy. Because many medical conditions progress asymptomatically over extended periods of time, their timely diagnosis remains difficult, and this adversely affects patient prognosis. Focusing on hypercalcemia associated with cancer, we aimed to develop a synthetic biology-inspired biomedical tattoo using engineered cells that would (i) monitor long-term blood calcium concentration, (ii) detect onset of mild hypercalcemia, and (iii) respond via subcutaneous accumulation of the black pigment melanin to form a visible tattoo. For this purpose, we designed cells containing an ectopically expressed calcium-sensing receptor rewired to a synthetic signaling cascade that activates expression of transgenic tyrosinase, which produces melanin in response to persistently increased blood Ca2+ We confirmed that the melanin-generated color change produced by this biomedical tattoo could be detected with the naked eye and optically quantified. The system was validated in wild-type mice bearing subcutaneously implanted encapsulated engineered cells. All animals inoculated with hypercalcemic breast and colon adenocarcinoma cells developed tattoos, whereas no tattoos were seen in animals inoculated with normocalcemic tumor cells. All tumor-bearing animals remained asymptomatic throughout the 38-day experimental period. Although hypercalcemia is also associated with other pathologies, our findings demonstrate that it is possible to detect hypercalcemia associated with cancer in murine models using this cell-based diagnostic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhan Tastanova
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Folcher
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marius Müller
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gieri Camenisch
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aaron Ponti
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Horn
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria S Tikhomirova
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Fussenegger
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland. .,Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
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13
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Wang W, Yu S, Huang S, Deng R, Ding Y, Wu Y, Li X, Wang A, Wang S, Chen W, Lu Y. A Complex Role for Calcium Signaling in Colorectal Cancer Development and Progression. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:2145-2153. [PMID: 31366605 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Clinical data suggest that many malignant cancers are associated with hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia can facilitate the proliferation and metastasis of gastric and colon tumors, and has been considered a hallmark of end-stage disease. However, it has also been reported that dietary calcium or vitamin D supplementation could reduce the risk of many types of cancers. In particular, the intestines can absorb considerable amounts of calcium via Ca2+-permeable ion channels, and hypercalcemia is common in patients with colorectal cancer. Thus, this review considers the role of calcium signaling in the context of colorectal cancer and summarizes the functions of specific regulators of cellular calcium levels in the proliferation, invasion, metastasis, cell death, and drug resistance of colorectal cancer cells. The data reveal that even a slight upregulation of intracellular Ca2+ signaling can facilitate the onset and progression of colorectal cancer, while continuous Ca2+ influx and Ca2+ overload may cause tumor cell death. This dual function of Ca2+ signaling adds nuance to the debate over the hallmarks of colorectal cancer, and may even provide new directions and strategies for clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Suyun Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Rui Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yushi Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoman Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Aiyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Shijun Wang
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of TCM Formula, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China. .,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China. .,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
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14
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Yang W, Liu L, Keum N, Qian ZR, Nowak JA, Hamada T, Song M, Cao Y, Nosho K, Smith-Warner SA, Zhang S, Masugi Y, Ng K, Kosumi K, Ma Y, Garrett WS, Wang M, Nan H, Giannakis M, Meyerhardt JA, Chan AT, Fuchs CS, Nishihara R, Wu K, Giovannucci EL, Ogino S, Zhang X. Calcium Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer According to Tumor-infiltrating T Cells. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2019; 12:283-294. [PMID: 30760501 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-18-0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Calcium intake has been associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer. Calcium signaling may enhance T-cell proliferation and differentiation, and contribute to T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity. In this prospective cohort study, we investigated the association between calcium intake and colorectal cancer risk according to tumor immunity status to provide additional insights into the role of calcium in colorectal carcinogenesis. The densities of tumor-infiltrating T-cell subsets [CD3+, CD8+ , CD45RO (PTPRC) + , or FOXP3+ cell] were assessed using IHC and computer-assisted image analysis in 736 cancer cases that developed among 136,249 individuals in two cohorts. HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Total calcium intake was associated with a multivariable HR of 0.55 (comparing ≥1,200 vs. <600 mg/day; 95% CI, 0.36-0.84; P trend = 0.002) for CD8+ T-cell-low but not for CD8+ T-cell-high tumors (HR = 1.02; 95% CI, 0.67-1.55; P trend = 0.47). Similarly, the corresponding HRs (95% CIs) for calcium for low versus high T-cell-infiltrated tumors were 0.63 (0.42-0.94; P trend = 0.01) and 0.89 (0.58-1.35; P trend = 0.20) for CD3+ ; 0.58 (0.39-0.87; P trend = 0.006) and 1.04 (0.69-1.58; P trend = 0.54) for CD45RO+ ; and 0.56 (0.36-0.85; P trend = 0.006) and 1.10 (0.72-1.67; P trend = 0.47) for FOXP3+ , although the differences by subtypes defined by T-cell density were not statistically significant. These potential differential associations generally appeared consistent regardless of sex, source of calcium intake, tumor location, and tumor microsatellite instability status. Our findings suggest a possible role of calcium in cancer immunoprevention via modulation of T-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanshui Yang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - NaNa Keum
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Zhi Rong Qian
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yin Cao
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Katsuhiko Nosho
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephanie A Smith-Warner
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sui Zhang
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yohei Masugi
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kimmie Ng
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Keisuke Kosumi
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yanan Ma
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Wendy S Garrett
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Molin Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hongmei Nan
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. School of Public Health, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Medical Oncology, Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
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15
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Hannan FM, Kallay E, Chang W, Brandi ML, Thakker RV. The calcium-sensing receptor in physiology and in calcitropic and noncalcitropic diseases. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2018; 15:33-51. [PMID: 30443043 PMCID: PMC6535143 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-018-0115-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a dimeric family C G protein-coupled receptor that is expressed in calcitropic tissues such as the parathyroid glands and the kidneys and signals via G proteins and β-arrestin. The CaSR has a pivotal role in bone and mineral metabolism, as it regulates parathyroid hormone secretion, urinary Ca2+ excretion, skeletal development and lactation. The importance of the CaSR for these calcitropic processes is highlighted by loss-of-function and gain-of-function CaSR mutations that cause familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia and autosomal dominant hypocalcaemia, respectively, and also by the fact that alterations in parathyroid CaSR expression contribute to the pathogenesis of primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Moreover, the CaSR is an established therapeutic target for hyperparathyroid disorders. The CaSR is also expressed in organs not involved in Ca2+ homeostasis: it has noncalcitropic roles in lung and neuronal development, vascular tone, gastrointestinal nutrient sensing, wound healing and secretion of insulin and enteroendocrine hormones. Furthermore, the abnormal expression or function of the CaSR is implicated in cardiovascular and neurological diseases, as well as in asthma, and the CaSR is reported to protect against colorectal cancer and neuroblastoma but increase the malignant potential of prostate and breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadil M Hannan
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Enikö Kallay
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wenhan Chang
- Endocrine Research Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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16
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Involvement of calcium-sensing receptor activation in the alleviation of intestinal inflammation in a piglet model by dietary aromatic amino acid supplementation. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:1321-1331. [PMID: 30375295 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518002891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR) represents a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory bowel diseases and strongly prefers aromatic amino acid ligands. We investigated the regulatory effects of dietary supplementation with aromatic amino acids - tryptophan, phenylalanine and tyrosine (TPT) - on the CaSR signalling pathway and intestinal inflammatory response. The in vivo study was conducted with weanling piglets using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in a randomised complete block design. Piglets were fed a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with TPT and with or without inflammatory challenge. The in vitro study was performed in porcine intestinal epithelial cell line to investigate the effects of TPT on inflammatory response using NPS-2143 to inhibit CaSR. Dietary supplementation of TPT alleviated histopathological injury and decreased myeloperoxidase activity in intestine challenged with lipopolysaccharide. Dietary supplementation of TPT decreased serum concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, TNF-α), as well as the mRNA abundances of pro-inflammatory cytokines in intestine but enhanced anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and transforming growth factor-β mRNA levels compared with pigs fed control diet and infected by lipopolysaccharide. Supplementation of TPT increased CaSR and phospholipase Cβ2 protein levels, but decreased inhibitor of NF-κB kinase α/β and inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) protein levels in the lipopolysaccharide-challenged piglets. When the CaSR signalling pathway was blocked by NPS-2143, supplementation of TPT decreased the CaSR protein level, but enhanced phosphorylated NF-κB and IκB levels in IPEC-J2 cells. To conclude, supplementation of aromatic amino acids alleviated intestinal inflammation as mediated through the CaSR signalling pathway.
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17
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Iamartino L, Elajnaf T, Kallay E, Schepelmann M. Calcium-sensing receptor in colorectal inflammation and cancer: Current insights and future perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:4119-4131. [PMID: 30271078 PMCID: PMC6158479 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i36.4119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is best known for its action in the parathyroid gland and kidneys where it controls body calcium homeostasis. However, the CaSR has different roles in the gastrointestinal tract, where it is ubiquitously expressed. In the colon, the CaSR is involved in controlling multiple mechanisms, including fluid transport, inflammation, cell proliferation and differentiation. Although the expression pattern and functions of the CaSR in the colonic microenvironment are far from being completely understood, evidence has been accumulating that the CaSR might play a protective role against both colonic inflammation and colorectal cancer. For example, CaSR agonists such as dipeptides have been suggested to reduce colonic inflammation, while dietary calcium was shown to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. CaSR expression is lost in colonic malignancies, indicating that the CaSR is a biomarker for colonic cancer progression. This dual anti-inflammatory and anti-tumourigenic role of the CaSR makes it especially interesting in colitis-associated colorectal cancer. In this review, we describe the clinical and experimental evidence for the role of the CaSR in colonic inflammation and colorectal cancer, the intracellular signalling pathways which are putatively involved in these actions, and the possibilities to exploit these actions of the CaSR for future therapies of colonic inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Iamartino
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Taha Elajnaf
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Enikö Kallay
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Martin Schepelmann
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
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18
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Calcium-sensing receptor in nutrient sensing: an insight into the modulation of intestinal homoeostasis. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:881-890. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518002088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe animal gut effectively prevents the entry of hazardous substances and microbes while permitting the transfer of nutrients, such as water, electrolytes, vitamins, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals and microbial metabolites, which are intimately associated with intestinal homoeostasis. The gut maintains biological functions through its nutrient-sensing receptors, including the Ca-sensing receptor (CaSR), which activates a variety of signalling pathways, depending on cellular context. CaSR coordinates food digestion and nutrient absorption, promotes cell proliferation and differentiation, regulates energy metabolism and immune response, stimulates hormone secretion, mitigates secretory diarrhoea and enhances intestinal barrier function. Thus, CaSR is crucial to the maintenance of gut homoeostasis and protection of intestinal health. In this review, we focused on the emerging roles of CaSR in the modulation of intestinal homoeostasis including related underlying mechanisms. By elucidating the relationship between CaSR and animal gut homoeostasis, effective and inexpensive methods for treating intestinal health imbalance through nutritional manipulation can be developed. This article is expected to provide experimental data of the effects of CaSR on animal or human health.
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19
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Momen-Heravi F, Masugi Y, Qian ZR, Nishihara R, Liu L, Smith-Warner SA, Keum N, Zhang L, Tchrakian N, Nowak JA, Yang W, Ma Y, Bowden M, da Silva A, Wang M, Fuchs CS, Meyerhardt JA, Ng K, Wu K, Giovannucci E, Ogino S, Zhang X. Tumor expression of calcium sensing receptor and colorectal cancer survival: Results from the nurses' health study and health professionals follow-up study. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:2471-2479. [PMID: 28856682 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although experimental evidence suggests calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) as a tumor-suppressor, the prognostic role of tumor CASR expression in colorectal carcinoma remains unclear. We hypothesized that higher tumor CASR expression might be associated with improved survival among colorectal cancer patients. We evaluated tumor expression levels of CASR by immunohistochemistry in 809 incident colorectal cancer patients within the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate multivariable hazard ratio (HR) for the association of tumor CASR expression with colorectal cancer-specific and all-cause mortality. We adjusted for potential confounders including tumor biomarkers such as microsatellite instability, CpG island methylator phenotype, LINE-1 methylation level, expressions of PTGS2, VDR and CTNNB1 and mutations of KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA. There were 240 colorectal cancer-specific deaths and 427 all-cause deaths. The median follow-up of censored patients was 10.8 years (interquartile range: 7.2, 15.1). Compared with patients with no or weak expression of CASR, the multivariable HRs for colorectal cancer-specific mortality were 0.80 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.55-1.16] in patients with moderate CASR expression and 0.50 (95% CI: 0.32-0.79) in patients with intense CASR expression (p-trend = 0.003). The corresponding HRs for overall mortality were 0.85 (0.64-1.13) and 0.81 (0.58-1.12), respectively. Higher tumor CASR expression was associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer-specific mortality. This finding needs further confirmation and if confirmed, may lead to better understanding of the role of CASR in colorectal cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Momen-Heravi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Yohei Masugi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Zhi Rong Qian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Pathology, Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Stephanie A Smith-Warner
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - NaNa Keum
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Lanjing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center of Princeton, Plainsboro, NJ.,Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ.,Clinical Investigations and Precision Therapeutics Research Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ.,Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Nairi Tchrakian
- Department of Pathology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Pathology, Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Wanshui Yang
- Department of Social Science and Public Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Ma
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Michaela Bowden
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Annacarolina da Silva
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Molin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY.,Yale Cancer Center & Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, CT.,Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kimmie Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Pathology, Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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20
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Saqui-Salces M, Huang Z, Vila MF, Li J, Mielke JA, Urriola PE, Shurson GC. Modulation of intestinal cell differentiation in growing pigs is dependent on the fiber source in the diet. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:1179-1190. [PMID: 28380527 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.0947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding high-fiber diets decreases cost, but also caloric and nutritional efficiency by modifying intestinal morphology and function. We analyzed the changes in intestinal cell composition, nutrient transporters and receptors, and cell differentiation induced by fibers from different sources. Forty-six finishing pigs (BW 84 ± 7 kg) were fed 1 of 4 diets: corn-soybean (Control; = 12), 23% wheat straw (WS; = 11), 55% corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS; = 11), and 30% soybean hulls (SBH; = 12). Pigs were fed 2 meals daily to an amount equivalent to 2.5% of initial BW for 14 d in metabolism cages. Ilea were collected for histological and gene expression analysis after euthanasia. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's multiple comparisons and differences considered significant when < 0.05. The enterocyte marker was increased ( < 0.03) by feeding SBH compared with Control and WS diets. Goblet cells presence was greater ( < 0.01) in pigs fed WS and DDGS compared with Control, and in pigs fed WS compared with SBH ( = 0.02). expression was greater ( < 0.05) in pigs fed DDGS and SBH compared with Control diet. No changes were observed for endocrine and Paneth cells markers, villus and crypt length, or proliferation index. Compared with the Control, gene expression of receptors for oligopeptides, calcium, glucose, fructose, , and and was increased ( < 0.05) by feeding WS and DDGS diets. Feeding SBH diet repressed ( < 0.005) the compared with WS and DDGS diets, while DDGS repressed ( = 0.02) its expression compared with Control. Pigs fed DDGS had reduced ( < 0.001) , and those fed SBH showed increased ( < 0.05) expression compared with WS and DDGS pigs. Feeding WS and DDGS diets induced ( < 0.01) the expression of stem cell marker r-spondin receptor (, while was reduced ( < 0.02) by feeding DDGS compared with Control. The expression of was induced ( < 0.05) by all fibers compared with Control. Transcription factors and were suppressed ( < 0.001) by WS and DDGS compared with Control. In conclusion, feeding diets containing WS and DDGS modulated intestinal differentiation by promoting goblet cells and altered expression of nutrient receptors and transporters in growing pigs, while feeding SBH had less effect.
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21
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Tang L, Cheng CY, Sun X, Pedicone AJ, Mohamadzadeh M, Cheng SX. The Extracellular Calcium-Sensing Receptor in the Intestine: Evidence for Regulation of Colonic Absorption, Secretion, Motility, and Immunity. Front Physiol 2016; 7:245. [PMID: 27458380 PMCID: PMC4914593 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Different from other epithelia, the intestinal epithelium has the complex task of providing a barrier impeding the entry of toxins, food antigens, and microbes, while at the same time allowing for the transfer of nutrients, electrolytes, water, and microbial metabolites. These molecules/organisms are transported either transcellularly, crossing the apical and basolateral membranes of enterocytes, or paracellularly, passing through the space between enterocytes. Accordingly, the intestinal epithelium can affect energy metabolism, fluid balance, as well as immune response and tolerance. To help accomplish these complex tasks, the intestinal epithelium has evolved many sensing receptor mechanisms. Yet, their roles and functions are only now beginning to be elucidated. This article explores one such sensing receptor mechanism, carried out by the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). In addition to its established function as a nutrient sensor, coordinating food digestion, nutrient absorption, and regulating energy metabolism, we present evidence for the emerging role of CaSR in the control of intestinal fluid homeostasis and immune balance. An additional role in the modulation of the enteric nerve activity and motility is also discussed. Clearly, CaSR has profound effects on many aspects of intestinal function. Nevertheless, more work is needed to fully understand all functions of CaSR in the intestine, including detailed mechanisms of action and specific pathways involved. Considering the essential roles CaSR plays in gastrointestinal physiology and immunology, research may lead to a translational opportunity for the development of novel therapies that are based on CaSR's unique property of using simple nutrients such as calcium, polyamines, and certain amino acids/oligopeptides as activators. It is possible that, through targeting of intestinal CaSR with a combination of specific nutrients, oral solutions that are both inexpensive and practical may be developed to help in conditioning the gut microenvironment and in maintaining digestive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieqi Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Catherine Y Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Xiangrong Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alexandra J Pedicone
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mansour Mohamadzadeh
- Department of Medicine, Center for Inflammation and Mucosal Immunology, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sam X Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
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22
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The calcium-sensing receptor and the hallmarks of cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:1398-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Tharmalingam S, Hampson DR. The Calcium-Sensing Receptor and Integrins in Cellular Differentiation and Migration. Front Physiol 2016; 7:190. [PMID: 27303307 PMCID: PMC4880553 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a widely expressed homodimeric G-protein coupled receptor structurally related to the metabotropic glutamate receptors and GPRC6A. In addition to its well characterized role in maintaining calcium homeostasis and regulating parathyroid hormone release, evidence has accumulated linking the CaSR with cellular differentiation and migration, brain development, stem cell engraftment, wound healing, and tumor growth and metastasis. Elevated expression of the CaSR in aggressive metastatic tumors has been suggested as a potential novel prognostic marker for predicting metastasis, especially to bone tissue where extracellular calcium concentrations may be sufficiently high to activate the receptor. Recent evidence supports a model whereby CaSR-mediated activation of integrins promotes cellular migration. Integrins are single transmembrane spanning heterodimeric adhesion receptors that mediate cell migration by binding to extracellular matrix proteins. The CaSR has been shown to form signaling complexes with the integrins to facilitate both the movement and differentiation of cells, such as neurons during normal brain development and tumor cells under pathological circumstances. Thus, CaSR/integrin complexes may function as a universal cell migration or homing complex. Manipulation of this complex may be of potential interest for treating metastatic cancers, and for developmental disorders pertaining to aberrant neuronal migration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David R Hampson
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
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24
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Noguchi T, Toiyama Y, Kitajima T, Imaoka H, Hiro J, Saigusa S, Tanaka K, Inoue Y, Mohri Y, Toden S, Kusunoki M. miRNA-503 Promotes Tumor Progression and Is Associated with Early Recurrence and Poor Prognosis in Human Colorectal Cancer. Oncology 2016; 90:221-31. [PMID: 26999740 DOI: 10.1159/000444493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES MicroRNA (miR)-503 is downregulated in several cancers and plays a tumor-suppressive role in carcinogenesis. However, the miR-503 expression pattern, its clinical significance and its molecular mechanism in colorectal cancer (CRC) have not been investigated. METHODS We analyzed miR-503 expression in normal mucosa (n = 20), adenoma (n = 27) and CRC (n = 20). We quantified miR-503 expression in an independent cohort (n = 191) and investigated the clinical significance of miR-503 in CRC. CRC cell lines were transfected with anti-miR-503 to assess its function and target gene. RESULTS miR-503 expression increased according to the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. High miR-503 expression was significantly associated with large tumor size, serosal invasion, lymphatic and venous invasion as well as lymph node metastasis. CRC patients with high miR-503 expression had significantly earlier relapse and poorer prognosis than those with low expression. miR-503 was an independent recurrence marker in stage I/II CRC. In vitro, attenuated miR-503 expression resulted in inhibition of proliferation, invasion and migration and acquisition of anoikis of CRC cells. The putative target gene (calcium-sensing receptor) was significantly upregulated after miR-503 attenuation. CONCLUSIONS miR-503 acts as an 'onco-miR' in CRC. High miR-503 expression is associated with early recurrence and poor prognosis in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomofumi Noguchi
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
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25
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Cheng SX. Calcium-sensing receptor: A new target for therapy of diarrhea. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:2711-2724. [PMID: 26973410 PMCID: PMC4777994 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i9.2711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Management of acute diarrhea remains a global challenge, particularly in resource-limiting countries. Oral rehydration solution (ORS), a passive rehydrating therapy developed approximately 40 years ago, remains the mainstay treatment. Although ORS is effective for hydration, since it does not inhibit enterotoxin-mediated excessive secretion, reduced absorption and compromised barrier function - the primary mechanisms of diarrhea, ORS does not offer a rapid relief of diarrhea symptom. There are a few alternative therapies available, yet the use of these drugs is limited by their expense, lack of availability and/or safety concerns. Novel anti-diarrheal therapeutic approaches, particularly those simple affordable therapies, are needed. This article explores intestinal calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a newly uncovered target for therapy of diarrhea. Unlike others, targeting this host antidiarrheal receptor system appears “all-inclusive”: it is anti-secretory, pro-absorptive, anti-motility, and anti-inflammatory. Thus, activating CaSR reverses changes of both secretory and inflammatory diarrheas. Considering its unique property of using simple nutrients such as calcium, polyamines, and certain amino acids/oligopeptides as activators, it is possible that through targeting of CaSR with a combination of specific nutrients, novel oral rehydrating solutions that are inexpensive and practical to use in all countries may be developed.
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26
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Huang B, Xiao D, Tan B, Xiao H, Wang J, Yin J, Duan J, Huang R, Yang C, Yin Y. Chitosan Oligosaccharide Reduces Intestinal Inflammation That Involves Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR) Activation in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Challenged Piglets. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:245-252. [PMID: 26654156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) is a degradation product of chitosan with antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary COS on the intestinal inflammatory response and the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways that may be involved using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged piglet model. A total of 40 weaned piglets were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design; the main factors were dietary treatment (basal or 300 μg/kg COS) and inflammatory challenge (LPS or saline). On the morning of days 14 and 21 after the initiation of treatment, the piglets were injected intraperitoneally with Escherichia coli LPS at 60 and 80 μg/kg body weight or the same amount of sterilized saline, respectively. Blood and small intestine samples were collected on day 14 or 21, respectively. The results showed that piglets challenged with LPS have a significant decrease in average daily gain and gain:feed and histopathological injury in the jejunum and ileum, whereas dietary supplementation with COS significantly alleviated intestinal injury induced by LPS. Piglets fed the COS diet had lower serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) 6, and IL-8 as well as lower intestinal abundances of pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA but higher anti-inflammatory cytokine mRNA compared with piglets fed the basal diet among LPS-challenged piglets (p < 0.05). Dietary COS increased intestinal CaSR and PLCβ2 protein expressions in both saline- and LPS-treated piglets, but decreased p-NF-κB p65, IKKα/β, and IκB protein expressions in LPS-challenged piglets (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that COS has the potential to reduce the intestinal inflammatory response, which is concomitant with the activation of CaSR and the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathways under an inflammatory stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Huang
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Dingfu Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients and Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bie Tan
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients and Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Xiao
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Jielin Duan
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Ruilin Huang
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chenbo Yang
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan, China
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27
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Aggarwal A, Höbaus J, Tennakoon S, Prinz-Wohlgenannt M, Graça J, Price SA, Heffeter P, Berger W, Baumgartner-Parzer S, Kállay E. Active vitamin D potentiates the anti-neoplastic effects of calcium in the colon: A cross talk through the calcium-sensing receptor. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 155:231-8. [PMID: 25758239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest an inverse correlation between dietary calcium (Ca(2+)) and vitamin D intake and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). It has been shown in vitro that the active vitamin D metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-D3) can upregulate expression of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). In the colon, CaSR has been suggested to regulate proliferation of colonocytes. However, during tumorigenesis colonic CaSR expression is downregulated and we hypothesized that the loss of CaSR could influence the anti-tumorigenic effects of Ca(2+) and vitamin D. Our aim was to assess the impact of CaSR expression and function on the anti-neoplastic effects of 1,25-D3 in colon cancer cell lines. We demonstrated that in the healthy colon of mice, high vitamin D diet (2500 IU/kg diet) increased expression of differentiation and apoptosis markers, decreased expression of proliferation markers and significantly upregulated CaSR mRNA expression, compared with low vitamin D diet (100 IU/kg diet). To determine the role of CaSR in this process, we transfected Caco2-15 and HT29 CRC cells with wild type CaSR (CaSR-WT) or a dominant negative CaSR mutant (CaSR-DN) and treated them with 1,25-D3 alone, or in combination with CaSR activators (Ca(2+) and NPS R-568). 1,25-D3 enhanced the anti-proliferative effects of Ca(2+) and induced differentiation and apoptosis only in cells with a functional CaSR, which were further enhanced in the presence of NPS R-568, a positive allosteric modulator of CaSR. The mutant CaSR inhibited the anti-tumorigenic effects of 1,25-D3 suggesting that the anti-neoplastic effects of 1,25-D3 are, at least in part, mediated by the CaSR. Taken together, our data provides molecular evidence to support the epidemiological observation that both, vitamin D and calcium are needed for protection against malignant transformation of the colon and that their effect is modulated by the presence of a functional CaSR. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled '17th Vitamin D Workshop'.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma/prevention & control
- Aniline Compounds/pharmacology
- Animals
- Caco-2 Cells
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium/pharmacology
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Colon/drug effects
- Colon/metabolism
- Colon/pathology
- Colonic Neoplasms/genetics
- Colonic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
- Colonic Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Dietary Supplements
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- HT29 Cells
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutation
- Phenethylamines
- Propylamines
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Calcium-Sensing
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Transfection
- Vitamin D/analogs & derivatives
- Vitamin D/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Aggarwal
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Höbaus
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Samawansha Tennakoon
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - João Graça
- Safety Assessment, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | | | - Petra Heffeter
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Research Platform 'Translational Cancer Therapy Research', Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Research Platform 'Translational Cancer Therapy Research', Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Enikö Kállay
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Abdulnour-Nakhoul S, Brown KL, Rabon EC, Al-Tawil Y, Islam MT, Schmieg JJ, Nakhoul NL. Cytoskeletal changes induced by allosteric modulators of calcium-sensing receptor in esophageal epithelial cells. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/11/e12616. [PMID: 26603452 PMCID: PMC4673644 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a G-protein-coupled receptor, plays a role in glandular and fluid secretion in the gastrointestinal tract, and regulates differentiation and proliferation of epithelial cells. We examined the expression of CaSR in normal and pathological conditions of human esophagus and investigated the effect of a CaSR agonist, cinacalcet (CCT), and antagonist, calhex (CHX), on cell growth and cell-cell junctional proteins in primary cultures of porcine stratified squamous esophageal epithelium. We used immunohistochemistry and Western analysis to monitor expression of CaSR and cell-cell adhesion molecules, and MTT assay to monitor cell proliferation in cultured esophageal cells. CCT treatment significantly reduced proliferation, changed the cell shape from polygonal to spindle-like, and caused redistribution of E-cadherin and β-catenin from the cell membrane to the cytoplasm. Furthermore, it reduced expression of β-catenin by 35% (P < 0.02) and increased expression of a proteolysis cleavage fragment of E-cadherin, Ecad/CFT2, by 2.3 folds (P < 0.01). On the other hand, CHX treatment enhanced cell proliferation by 27% (P < 0.01), increased the expression of p120-catenin by 24% (P < 0.04), and of Rho, a GTPase involved in cytoskeleton remodeling, by 18% (P < 0.03). In conclusion, CaSR is expressed in normal esophagus as well as in Barrett's, esophageal adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and eosinophilic esophagitis. Long-term activation of CaSR with CCT disrupted the cadherin-catenin complex, induced cytoskeletal remodeling, actin fiber formation, and redistribution of CaSR to the nuclear area. These changes indicate a significant and complex role of CaSR in epithelial remodeling and barrier function of esophageal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Abdulnour-Nakhoul
- Medicine/Gastroenterology, Tulane Medical School, New Orleans, Louisiana South Louisiana Veterans Health Care System (SLVHCS), New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Karen L Brown
- South Louisiana Veterans Health Care System (SLVHCS), New Orleans, Louisiana Medicine/Nephrology, Tulane Medical School, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Edd C Rabon
- South Louisiana Veterans Health Care System (SLVHCS), New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Youhanna Al-Tawil
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition-GI for Kids, East Tennessee Children's Hospital, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Mohammed T Islam
- South Louisiana Veterans Health Care System (SLVHCS), New Orleans, Louisiana Medicine/Nephrology, Tulane Medical School, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - John J Schmieg
- Pathology, Tulane Medical School, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Nazih L Nakhoul
- South Louisiana Veterans Health Care System (SLVHCS), New Orleans, Louisiana Medicine/Nephrology, Tulane Medical School, New Orleans, Louisiana
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29
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Aggarwal A, Prinz-Wohlgenannt M, Tennakoon S, Höbaus J, Boudot C, Mentaverri R, Brown EM, Baumgartner-Parzer S, Kállay E. The calcium-sensing receptor: A promising target for prevention of colorectal cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2015; 1853:2158-67. [PMID: 25701758 PMCID: PMC4549785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The inverse correlation between dietary calcium intake and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) is well known, but poorly understood. Expression of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a calcium-binding G protein-coupled receptor is downregulated in CRC leading us to hypothesize that the CaSR has tumor suppressive roles in the colon. The aim of this study was to understand whether restoration of CaSR expression could reduce the malignant phenotype in CRC. In human colorectal tumors, expression of the CaSR negatively correlated with proliferation markers whereas loss of CaSR correlated with poor tumor differentiation and reduced apoptotic potential. In vivo, dearth of CaSR significantly increased expression of proliferation markers and decreased levels of differentiation and apoptotic markers in the colons of CaSR/PTH double knock-out mice confirming the tumor suppressive functions of CaSR. In vitro CRC cells stably overexpressing wild-type CaSR showed significant reduction in proliferation, as well as increased differentiation and apoptotic potential. The positive allosteric modulator of CaSR, NPS R-568 further enhanced these effects, whereas treatment with the negative allosteric modulator, NPS 2143 inhibited these functions. Interestingly, the dominant-negative mutant (R185Q) was able to abrogate these effects. Our results demonstrate a critical tumor suppressive role of CaSR in the colon. Restoration of CaSR expression and function is linked to regulation of the balance between proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis and provides a rationale for novel strategies in CRC therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Aniline Compounds/pharmacology
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Caco-2 Cells
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics
- Colorectal Neoplasms/metabolism
- Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
- Colorectal Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mutation, Missense
- Naphthalenes/pharmacology
- Phenethylamines
- Propylamines
- Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/genetics
- Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Aggarwal
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Samawansha Tennakoon
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Höbaus
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cedric Boudot
- INSERM U1088, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | | | - Edward M Brown
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | | | - Enikö Kállay
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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30
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Tang L, Peng M, Liu L, Chang W, Binder HJ, Cheng SX. Calcium-sensing receptor stimulates Cl(-)- and SCFA-dependent but inhibits cAMP-dependent HCO3(-) secretion in colon. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 308:G874-83. [PMID: 25792563 PMCID: PMC4437021 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00341.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colonic bicarbonate (HCO3(-)) secretion is a well-established physiological process that is closely linked to overall fluid and electrolyte movement in the mammalian colon. These present studies show that extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a fundamental mechanism for sensing and regulating ionic and nutrient compositions of extracellular milieu in the small and large intestine, regulates HCO3(-) secretion. Basal and induced HCO3(-) secretory responses to CaSR agonists were determined by pH stat techniques used in conjunction with short-circuit current measurements in mucosa from rat distal colon mounted in Ussing chambers. R568, a specific CaSR activator, stimulated lumen Cl(-)- and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-dependent HCO3(-) secretion but inhibited cyclic nucleotide-activated HCO3(-) secretion. Consequently, at physiological conditions (either at basal or during lumen acid challenge) when electroneutral Cl(-)/HCO3(-) and SCFA/HCO3(-) exchangers dominate, CaSR stimulates HCO3(-) secretion; in contrast, in experimental conditions that stimulate fluid and HCO3(-) secretion, e.g., when forskolin activates electrogenic cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-mediated HCO3(-) conductance, CaSR activation inhibits HCO3(-) secretion. Corresponding changes in JHCO3 (μeq·h(-1)·cm(-2), absence vs. presence of R568) were 0.18 ± 0.03 vs. 0.31 ± 0.08 under basal nonstimulated conditions and 1.85 ± 0.23 vs. 0.45 ± 0.06 under forskolin-stimulated conditions. Similarly, activation of CaSR by R568 stimulated Cl(-)- and SCFA-dependent HCO3(-) secretion and inhibited cAMP-dependent HCO3(-) secretion in colon mucosa of wild-type mice; such effects were abolished in CaSR-null mice. These results suggest a new paradigm for regulation of intestinal ion transport in which HCO3(-) secretion may be fine-tuned by CaSR in accordance with nutrient availability and state of digestion and absorption. The ability of CaSR agonists to inhibit secretagogue-induced intestinal HCO3(-) secretion suggests that modulation of CaSR activity may provide a new therapeutic approach to correct HCO3(-) deficit and metabolic acidosis, a primary cause of morbidity and mortality in acute infectious diarrheal illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieqi Tang
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida;
| | - Minzhi Peng
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida;
| | - Li Liu
- 2Department of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China;
| | - Wenhan Chang
- 3Endocrine Research, VA Medical Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California;
| | - Henry J. Binder
- 4Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sam X. Cheng
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida;
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31
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Aggarwal A, Prinz-Wohlgenannt M, Gröschel C, Tennakoon S, Meshcheryakova A, Chang W, Brown EM, Mechtcheriakova D, Kállay E. The calcium-sensing receptor suppresses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and stem cell- like phenotype in the colon. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:61. [PMID: 25879211 PMCID: PMC4405849 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0330-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR), a calcium-binding G protein-coupled receptor is expressed also in tissues not directly involved in calcium homeostasis like the colon. We have previously reported that CaSR expression is down-regulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) and that loss of CaSR provides growth advantage to transformed cells. However, detailed mechanisms underlying these processes are largely unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS In a cohort of 111 CRC patients, we found significant inverse correlation between CaSR expression and markers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process involved in tumor development in CRC. The colon of CaSR/PTH double-knockout, as well as the intestine-specific CaSR knockout mice showed significantly increased expression of markers involved in the EMT process. In vitro, stable expression of the CaSR (HT29(CaSR)) gave a more epithelial-like morphology to HT29 colon cancer cells with increased levels of E-Cadherin compared with control cells (HT29(EMP)). The HT29(CaSR) cells had reduced invasive potential, which was attributed to the inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway as measured by a decrease in nuclear translocation of β-catenin and transcriptional regulation of genes like GSK-3β and Cyclin D1. Expression of a spectrum of different mesenchymal markers was significantly down-regulated in HT29(CaSR) cells. The CaSR was able to block upregulation of mesenchymal markers even in an EMT-inducing environment. Moreover, overexpression of the CaSR led to down-regulation of stem cell-like phenotype. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study demonstrate that the CaSR inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and the acquisition of a stem cell-like phenotype in the colon of mice lacking the CaSR as well as colorectal cancer cells, identifying the CaSR as a key molecule in preventing tumor progression. Our results support the rationale to develop new strategies either preventing CaSR loss or reversing its silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Aggarwal
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Maximilian Prinz-Wohlgenannt
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Charlotte Gröschel
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Samawansha Tennakoon
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Anastasia Meshcheryakova
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Wenhan Chang
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Edward M Brown
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Diana Mechtcheriakova
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Enikö Kállay
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
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32
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Cheng SX, Lightfoot YL, Yang T, Zadeh M, Tang L, Sahay B, Wang GP, Owen JL, Mohamadzadeh M. Epithelial CaSR deficiency alters intestinal integrity and promotes proinflammatory immune responses. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:4158-66. [PMID: 24842610 PMCID: PMC4234694 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is equipped with sensing receptor mechanisms that interact with luminal microorganisms and nutrients to regulate barrier function and gut immune responses, thereby maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Herein, we clarify the role of the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) using intestinal epithelium-specific Casr(-/-) mice. Epithelial CaSR deficiency diminished intestinal barrier function, altered microbiota composition, and skewed immune responses towards proinflammatory. Consequently, Casr(-/-) mice were significantly more prone to chemically induced intestinal inflammation resulting in colitis. Accordingly, CaSR represents a potential therapeutic target for autoinflammatory disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam X Cheng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA
| | - Yaíma L Lightfoot
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Mojgan Zadeh
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lieqi Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA
| | - Bikash Sahay
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Gary P Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jennifer L Owen
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Mansour Mohamadzadeh
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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33
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Fetahu IS, Höbaus J, Aggarwal A, Hummel DM, Tennakoon S, Mesteri I, Baumgartner-Parzer S, Kállay E. Calcium-sensing receptor silencing in colorectal cancer is associated with promoter hypermethylation and loss of acetylation on histone 3. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:2014-23. [PMID: 24691920 PMCID: PMC4282356 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is suggested to mediate the antiproliferative effects of calcium in colon. However, in colorectal cancer (CRC) the expression of the CaSR is silenced and the underlying mechanisms leading to its loss are poorly understood. We investigated whether loss of the CaSR expression in colorectal tumors is caused by DNA hypermethylation and imbalance of transcriptionally permissive/repressive histone alterations. We observed significantly lower CaSR mRNA expression (n = 65, p < 0.001) in colorectal tumors compared with the adjacent mucosa from the same patient. Immunofluorescence staining confirmed downregulation of the CaSR protein also. The CaSR promoter was methylated to a greater extent in tumors compared with adjacent mucosa as determined by bisulfite sequencing (n = 20, p < 0.01) and by pyrosequencing (n = 45, p < 0.001), and methylation correlated inversely with mRNA expression (n = 20, ρ = -0.310, p < 0.05 and n = 45, ρ = -0.588, p < 0.001). Treatments with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (DAC), a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor and/or with two different histone deacetylase inhibitors, trichostatin A (TSA) or suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) restored the expression of CaSR in colon cancer cells. Restored CaSR expression in Coga1A and HT29 cells was functional. Inhibition of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) to prevent demethylation of mono- and dimethylated H3K4, increased CaSR expression only marginally. Our data show that hypermethylation of the CaSR promoter and H3K9 deacetylation, but not H3K4me2 demethylation are important factors that cause silencing of the CaSR in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfete S Fetahu
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Julia Höbaus
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Abhishek Aggarwal
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Doris M Hummel
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Samawansha Tennakoon
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Ildiko Mesteri
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | | | - Enikő Kállay
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
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34
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He L, Qian Y, Ren X, Jin Y, Chang W, Li J, Chen Y, Song X, Tang H, Ding L, Guo D, Yao Y. Total serum calcium level may have adverse effects on serum cholesterol and triglycerides among female university faculty and staffs. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 157:191-4. [PMID: 24488790 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-9895-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that serum calcium level may have influence in the blood pressure to older male subjects, but the relationship between serum calcium level and blood lipids is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between total serum calcium level and blood lipids. In our study, total serum calcium level and blood lipids were measured among 1,075 subjects, with age range of 30-60 years, who were recruited for the routine health screening in 2006. The results showed that serum calcium level was positively correlated with triglyceride and total cholesterol weight, but not HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in female subjects (P < 0.05). No correlation was found between total serum calcium level and blood lipids in male subjects (P > 0.05). These findings suggest that a higher total serum calcium level may have a adverse effects on serum cholesterol and triglycerides among female subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianping He
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, People's Republic of China
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35
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Sadik NAH, Shaker OG. Inhibitory effect of a standardized pomegranate fruit extract on Wnt signalling in 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine induced rat colon carcinogenesis. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58:2507-17. [PMID: 23722564 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-013-2704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND De-regulation of Wnt signalling is increasingly being implicated in both experimental and human carcinogenesis including colon cancer. AIMS Our goal was to identify possible dietary agents that block Wnt signalling as a step toward investigating new strategies for suppression of colon cancer. Pomegranate extract has emerged as an intriguing candidate due to its polyphenolic content. METHODS We used a 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (DMH)-induced rat colon carcinogenesis model to investigate the expression pattern of the main key players in Wnt signalling by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. RESULTS Our results showed that many Wnt-target genes, e.g., Wnt5a, frizzled receptor (FRZ)-8, β-catenin, T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer binding protein (Tcf4/Lef1), c-myc and cyclin D1, were up-regulated whereas adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and axin1 exhibited down-regulation in colonic tissues of our DMH-colon cancer group compared with the normal group. Standardized pomegranate extract minimised all the aberrant alterations observed in the studied Wnt genes in colonic tissues of the DMH+pomegranate group as compared with the DMH-induced colon cancer group. This effect was also confirmed by the normalization of survival rate, inhibition of tumour incidence and a reduction of serum tumour marker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level. Histopathological observations provided supportive evidence for the biochemical and molecular analyses. CONCLUSIONS Standardized pomegranate extract holds great promise in the field of colon cancer prevention by dietary agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermin Abdel Hamid Sadik
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Eini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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36
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Macleod RJ. CaSR function in the intestine: Hormone secretion, electrolyte absorption and secretion, paracrine non-canonical Wnt signaling and colonic crypt cell proliferation. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 27:385-402. [PMID: 23856267 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Expression and function of the CaSR have been shown in some mammalian taste buds and basal cells of the esophagus. Signaling cascades responsible for CaSR-mediated stimulation of H(+)-K(+)-ATPase on human parietal cells have been defined. Transgenic mice and reductionistic cell culture models have shown that the CaSR promotes gastrin secretion from G cells, cholecystokinin (CCK) secretion from duodenal I cells and BMP-2 secretion from sub-epithelial myofibroblasts. In addition, the CaSR mediates a novel paracrine relationship between myofibroblasts and overlying epithelial cells in the colon. Thus, CaSR activators stimulate secretion of Wnt5a from myofibroblasts and expression of the Wnt5a receptor Ror2 in epithelial cells. CaSR-mediated Wnt5a/Ror2 engagement stimulates epithelial differentiation and reduces expression of the receptor for tumor necrosis factor (TNFR1). CaSR activators also modulate intestinal motility, inhibit Cl(-) secretion and stimulate Na(+) absorption in both the small intestine and colon. Colonic epithelia from conditional and global CaSR knockout mice exhibit increased proliferation with increased Wnt/β-catenin signaling, demonstrating that the CaSR negatively modulates colonic epithelial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- R John Macleod
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, GIDRU, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.
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