1
|
Huang HB, Huang JL, Xu XT, Huang KB, Lin YJ, Lin JB, Zhuang XB. Serum neuron-specific enolase: A promising biomarker of silicosis. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:1016-1025. [PMID: 33644165 PMCID: PMC7896644 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i5.1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silicosis is a type of chronic pulmonary fibrosis caused by long-term inhalation of silica dust particles. There has been no ideal biomarker for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of silicosis until now. Studies have found that elevated neuron-specific enolase (NSE) concentration in the serum of silicosis patients is helpful for diagnosis and severity assessment of the disease. However, the number of cases in these studies was not enough to arouse attention.
AIM To investigate the clinical significance of serum NSE in the diagnosis and staging of silicosis.
METHODS From January 2017 to June 2019, 326 cases of silicosis confirmed in Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University were included in the silicosis group. A total of 328 healthy individuals or medical patients without silicosis were included in the control group. Serum NSE concentrations of all subjects were determined by electrochemical luminescence.
RESULTS There were no significant differences in sex, age, smoking index and complications between the silicosis and control groups. The mean serum NSE concentration was 26.57 ± 20.95 ng/mL in the silicosis group and 12.42 ± 2.68 ng/mL in the control group. The difference between the two groups was significant (U = 15187, P = 0.000). Among the 326 patients with silicosis, 103 had stage I silicosis, and the mean serum NSE concentration was 15.55 ± 6.23 ng/mL. The mean serum NSE concentration was 21.85 ± 12.05 ng/mL in 70 patients with stage II silicosis. The mean serum NSE concentration was 36.14 ± 25.72 ng/mL in 153 patients with stage III silicosis. Kruskal–Wallis H test suggested that the difference in serum NSE concentration in silicosis patients in the three groups was significant (H = 130.196, P = 0.000). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that the area under the curve was 0.858 (95% confidence interval: 0.828-0.888; P = 0.000). When the NSE concentration was 15.82 ng/mL, the Jorden index was the largest, the sensitivity was 72%, and the specificity was 90%.
CONCLUSION Serum NSE concentration may be a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and assessment of severity of silicosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jun-Ling Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Kun-Bo Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yi-Jian Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jie-Bin Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Disease Hospital of Quanzhou, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xi-Bin Zhuang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hojo M, Sakamoto Y, Maeno A, Tayama K, Tada Y, Yuzawa K, Ando H, Kubo Y, Nagasawa A, Tanaka K, Yano N, Kaihoko F, Hasegawa Y, Suzuki T, Inomata A, Moriyasu T, Miyajima K, Nakae D. A histopathological analysis of spontaneous neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions in aged male RccHan:WIST rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2019; 33:47-55. [PMID: 32051666 PMCID: PMC7008206 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2019-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Histopathological information about spontaneous lesions in aged Hannover Wistar rats is limited. In this study, we describe spontaneous lesions found in 39 male RccHan:WIST rats used as a control in a carcinogenicity study. Neoplastic lesions were frequently seen in the endocrine system, such as pituitary adenomas in the pars distalis. This strain exhibited a high incidence of thymoma (10.3%), compared to other strains. We encountered an oligodendroglioma, a pituitary adenoma of the pars intermedia, and a prostate adenocarcinoma, which are comparatively rare in rats. While the variety and incidence of non-neoplastic lesions were similar to those in other strains, several interesting lesions occurred with relatively high incidence, including "harderianization" of the extraorbital lacrimal gland, common bile duct ectasia, and hyperplasia of pulmonary endocrine cells in the lung. Furthermore, comparative analyses demonstrated that the severity of chronic progressive nephropathy and murine progressive cardiomyopathy in RccHan:WIST rats was less than that in F344 rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Hojo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Sakamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Ai Maeno
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Tayama
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Yukie Tada
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Yuzawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ando
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kubo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Akemichi Nagasawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Tanaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Norio Yano
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Fujifumi Kaihoko
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Yuko Hasegawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Toshinari Suzuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Akiko Inomata
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Takako Moriyasu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Miyajima
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Biosciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakura-ga-Oka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Dai Nakae
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Biosciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakura-ga-Oka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Serum CA125 and NSE: biomarkers of disease severity in patients with silicosis. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 433:123-7. [PMID: 24642341 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the clinical significance of tumor markers in patients with silicosis. METHODS Eighty silicosis patients without malignancy and 50 healthy volunteers were compared for serum tumor marker concentrations. Pulmonary function and several routine laboratory tests were performed. Correlation between serum tumor marker concentrations and severity markers for silicosis was analyzed. Tumor marker concentrations were detected in both blood and BALF samples in silicosis patients. The pre- and post-lavage differences in the serum tumor marker concentrations were also investigated. Immunohistochemical staining for tumor markers was performed in a lung biopsy specimen from a silicosis patient. RESULTS Both serum NSE and CA125 concentrations were significantly higher in cases compared with controls. Significant positive correlations were found between values of NSE and CA125 and LDH concentration. Significant negative correlations were also observed between values of NSE and CA125 and spirometric parameters. Patients with silicosis had higher concentrations of NSE in BALF than that in serum. 11 of 14 patients experienced a decrease in NSE concentrations following whole lung lavage. Immunohistochemical studies showed positive NSE staining in lung biopsy specimen. CONCLUSIONS Serum NSE and CA125 concentrations would provide valuable clinical information to assess disease severity in silicosis.
Collapse
|
4
|
Li Y, Linnoila RI. Multidirectional differentiation of Achaete-Scute homologue-1-defined progenitors in lung development and injury repair. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 47:768-75. [PMID: 22878413 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0027oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple cells contribute to the function of lungs. Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) are important for the regulation of breathing and carcinogenesis, although they represent only a small population of the airway lining. Achaete-Scute homologue-1 (Ascl1), a proneural basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, is critical for the development of PNECs. We postulated that Ascl1-defined cells (ASDCs) may be progenitors, and traced their fate during development and injury repair. R26R-stop-lacZ (Rosa) reporter mice were crossed with Ascl1-Cre or Ascl1-CreERTM mice, in which the Ascl1 promoter drives the expression of Cre or inducible Cre recombinase, respectively. ASDCs and their descendants will be permanently labeled. The labeled cells were characterized by immunohistochemistry, using highly specific differentiation markers. Lineage studies revealed a population that proliferates before the pseudoglandular stage, and widely contributes to different compartments. When ASDCs were labeled on Embryonic Day 9.5, they gave rise to both airway and alveolar cells, but when labeled on Embryonic Day 11.5, they only gave rise to airway cells. In postnatal naphthalene injury, ASDCs contributed to regenerating Clara cells. In conclusion, Ascl1-defined cells in the lung represent a novel multipotent lineage, indicating a close relationship of neuroendocrine cells with other cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Experimental Pathology Section, Cell and Cancer Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cox LAT. An exposure-response threshold for lung diseases and lung cancer caused by crystalline silica. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2011; 31:1543-1560. [PMID: 21477084 DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01610.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Whether crystalline silica (CS) exposure increases risk of lung cancer in humans without silicosis, and, if so, whether the exposure-response relation has a threshold, have been much debated. Epidemiological evidence is ambiguous and conflicting. Experimental data show that high levels of CS cause lung cancer in rats, although not in other species, including mice, guinea pigs, or hamsters; but the relevance of such animal data to humans has been uncertain. This article applies recent insights into the toxicology of lung diseases caused by poorly soluble particles (PSPs), and by CS in particular, to model the exposure-response relation between CS and risk of lung pathologies such as chronic inflammation, silicosis, fibrosis, and lung cancer. An inflammatory mode of action is described, having substantial empirical support, in which exposure increases alveolar macrophages and neutrophils in the alveolar epithelium, leading to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS), pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNF-alpha, and eventual damage to lung tissue and epithelial hyperplasia, resulting in fibrosis and increased lung cancer risk among silicotics. This mode of action involves several positive feedback loops. Exposures that increase the gain factors around such loops can create a disease state with elevated levels of ROS, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, alveolar macrophages, and neutrophils. This mechanism implies a "tipping point" threshold for the exposure-response relation. Applying this new model to epidemiological data, we conclude that current permissible exposure levels, on the order of 0.1 mg/m³, are probably below the threshold for triggering lung diseases in humans.
Collapse
|
6
|
Borm PJA, Tran L, Donaldson K. The carcinogenic action of crystalline silica: A review of the evidence supporting secondary inflammation-driven genotoxicity as a principal mechanism. Crit Rev Toxicol 2011; 41:756-70. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2011.576008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
7
|
Renne R, Brix A, Harkema J, Herbert R, Kittel B, Lewis D, March T, Nagano K, Pino M, Rittinghausen S, Rosenbruch M, Tellier P, Wohrmann T. Proliferative and nonproliferative lesions of the rat and mouse respiratory tract. Toxicol Pathol 2010; 37:5S-73S. [PMID: 20032296 DOI: 10.1177/0192623309353423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The INHAND Project (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for Lesions in Rats and Mice) is a joint initiative of the Societies of Toxicologic Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP) and North America (STP) to develop an internationally-accepted nomenclature for proliferative and non-proliferative lesions in laboratory animals. The purpose of this publication is to provide a standardized nomenclature for classifying microscopic lesions observed in the respiratory tract of laboratory rats and mice, with color photomicrographs illustrating examples of some lesions. The standardized nomenclature presented in this document is also available electronically on the internet (http://www.goreni.org/). Sources of material included histopathology databases from government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world. Content includes spontaneous developmental and aging lesions as well as lesions induced by exposure to test materials. A widely accepted and utilized international harmonization of nomenclature for respiratory tract lesions in laboratory animals will decrease confusion among regulatory and scientific research organizations in different countries and provide a common language to increase and enrich international exchanges of information among toxicologists and pathologists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Renne
- Roger Renne ToxPath Consulting, Sumner, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Morimoto Y, Ogami A, Nagatomo H, Hirohashi M, Oyabu T, Kuroda K, Kawanami Y, Murakami M, Myojo T, Higashi T, Tanaka I. Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) as Hazard Marker for Lung Injury Induced by Dusts. Inhal Toxicol 2008; 19:283-9. [PMID: 17365031 DOI: 10.1080/08958370601069364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which has a function as a growth factor of epithelial cells, is thought to play a role in pulmonary epithelium repair. In order to establish whether or not CGRP is associated with repair in lung damaged by dust, we examined gene expression of CGRP in the lungs of animal models exposed to different dusts. Male Wistar rats were administered 2 mg of crystalline silica, crocidolite, potassium octatitanate whisker (PT-1), and silicon carbide whisker (SiCW) suspended in saline by a single intratracheal instillation and were sacrificed at 3 d, 1 wk, 1 mo, 3 mo, and 6 mo of recovery time. Pathological findings of advanced pulmonary fibrosis were present in the rats exposed to crystalline silica and crocidolite through the experiment, whereas findings of mild or reversible pulmonary fibrosis were present in those exposed to SiCW and PT-1. The expression of CGRP in rat lung was observed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme immunometric assay (EIA). In RT-PCR, CGRP gene expression was decreased at the interval of 3 d and 1 wk in the case of crystalline silica and crocidolite; on the other hand, it was increased at 3 d and 1 wk in SiCW and at 3 d, 1 wk, and 3 mo in PT-1-exposed rats. CGRP protein level in lungs exposed to PT-1 and SiCW was also higher than that to silica and crocidolite at 3 d of recovery time. These data suggest that CGRP is associated with repair in lung damaged by different dusts, and that CGRP could be used as a sensitive biomarker to indicate the pathogenicity of dusts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Morimoto
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Yahatanishi, Kitayushu, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Haworth R, Woodfine J, McCawley S, Pilling AM, Lewis DJ, Williams TC. Pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia: identification, diagnostic criteria and incidence in untreated ageing rats of different strains. Toxicol Pathol 2007; 35:735-40. [PMID: 17849355 DOI: 10.1080/01926230701460000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cells (PNEC) are found as clusters called neuroepithelial bodies (NEB) or as single cells scattered in the respiratory epithelium. Pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia is recorded in humans and experimentally manipulated rodents. The objectives of this work were to identify the optimal immunohistochemical markers for PNEC in the rat for use on paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed material and to provide the first comparative incidence of PNEC hyperplasia in untreated 2-year-old rats of different strains. Calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP) and protein G product 9.5 (PGP9.5) antibodies identified PNEC consistently and selectively. In contrast, PNEC did not express chromogranin-A or S-100. PNEC hyperplasia was defined as foci of PNEC with greater than 40 nuclei, excluding overlying respiratory epithelium and submucosal PNEC. PNEC hyperplasia was observed at low incidence (0-7%) in untreated 2-year-old Sprague-Dawley, Han Wistar and Wistar rats but not Fischer 344 rats. This is the first report of spontaneous PNEC hyperplasia in rats. The cause of this hyperplasia is unknown, but experimental models that induce PNEC hyperplasia by causing bronchiolar cell injury are discussed. PNEC neoplasia in the rat is unreported in the literature and was not observed in animals examined in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Haworth
- Department of Pathology, Safety Asssessment, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development Ltd, Herts, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Blanco D, Vicent S, Elizegi E, Pino I, Fraga MF, Esteller M, Saffiotti U, Lecanda F, Montuenga LM. Altered expression of adhesion molecules and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in silica-induced rat lung carcinogenesis. J Transl Med 2004; 84:999-1012. [PMID: 15195114 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3700129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of the epithelial phenotype and disruption of adhesion molecules is a hallmark in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) reported in several types of cancer. Most of the studies about the relevance of adhesion and junction molecules in lung cancer have been performed using established tumors or in vitro models. The sequential molecular events leading to EMT during lung cancer progression are still not well understood. We have used a rat model for multistep lung carcinogenesis to study the status of adherens and tight junction proteins and mesenchymal markers during EMT. After silica-induced chronic inflammation, rats sequentially develop epithelial hyperplasia, preneoplastic lesions, and tumors such as adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas. In comparison with normal and hyperplastic bronchiolar epithelium and with hyperplastic alveolar type II cells, the expression levels of E-cadherin, alpha-catenin and beta-catenin were significantly reduced in adenomatoid preneoplastic lesions and in late tumors. The loss of E-cadherin in tumors was associated with its promoter hypermethylation. alpha- and beta-catenin dysregulation lead to cytoplasmic accumulation in some carcinomas. No nuclear beta-catenin localization was found at any stage of any preneoplastic or neoplastic lesion. Zonula occludens protein-1 was markedly decreased in 66% of adenocarcinomas and in 100% squamous cell carcinomas. The mesenchymal-associated proteins N-cadherin and vimentin were analyzed as markers for EMT. N-cadherin was de novo expressed in 32% of adenocarcinomas and 33% of squamous cell carcinomas. Vimentin-positive tumor cells were found in 35% of adenocarcinomas and 88% of squamous cell carcinomas. Mesenchymal markers were absent in precursor lesions, both hyperplastic and adenomatoid. The present results show that silica-induced rat lung carcinogenesis is a good model to study EMT in vivo, and also provide in vivo evidence suggesting that the changes in cell-cell adhesion molecules are an early event in lung carcinogenesis, while EMT occurs at a later stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Blanco
- Department of Histology and Pathology and Division of Oncology (Center for Applied Biomedical Research, CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Montuenga LM, Guembe L, Burrell MA, Bodegas ME, Calvo A, Sola JJ, Sesma P, Villaro AC. The diffuse endocrine system: from embryogenesis to carcinogenesis. PROGRESS IN HISTOCHEMISTRY AND CYTOCHEMISTRY 2003; 38:155-272. [PMID: 12756892 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6336(03)80004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present review we will summarise the current knowledge about the cells comprising the Diffuse Endocrine System (DES) in mammalian organs. We will describe the morphological, histochemical and functional traits of these cells in three major systems gastrointestinal, respiratory and prostatic. We will also focus on some aspects of their ontogeny and differentiation, as well as to their relevance in carcinogenesis, especially in neuroendocrine tumors. The first chapter describes the characteristics of DES cells and some of their specific biological and biochemical traits. The second chapter deals with DES in the gastrointestinal organs, with special reference to the new data on the differentiation mechanisms that leads to the appearance of endocrine cells from an undifferentiated stem cell. The third chapter is devoted to DES of the respiratory system and some aspects of its biological role, both, during development and adulthood. Neuroendocrine hyperplasia and neuroendocrine lung tumors are also addressed. Finally, the last chapter deals with the prostatic DES, discussing its probable functional role and its relevance in hormone-resistant prostatic carcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Montuenga
- Department of Histology and Pathology, Schools of Science and Medicine, University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Subramaniam M, Sugiyama K, Coy DH, Kong Y, Miller YE, Weller PF, Wada K, Wada E, Sunday ME. Bombesin-like peptides and mast cell responses: relevance to bronchopulmonary dysplasia? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 168:601-11. [PMID: 12807697 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200212-1434oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bombesin-like peptides (BLPs) are elevated in newborns who later develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). In baboon models, anti-BLP blocking antibodies abrogate BPD. We now demonstrate hyperplasia of both neuroendocrine cells and mast cells in lungs of baboons with BPD, compared with non-BPD controls or BLP antibody-treated BPD baboons. To determine whether BLPs are proinflammatory, bombesin was administered intratracheally to mice. Forty-eight hours later, we observed increased numbers of lung mast cells. We analyzed murine mast cells for BLP receptor gene expression, and identified mRNAs encoding bombesin receptor subtype 3 and neuromedin-B receptor (NMB-R), but not gastrin-releasing peptide receptor. Only NMB-R-null mice accumulated fewer lung mast cells after bombesin treatment. Bombesin, gastrin-releasing peptide, NMB, and a bombesin receptor subtype 3-specific ligand induced mast cell proliferation and chemotaxis in vitro. These observations support a role for multiple BLPs in promoting mast cell responses, suggesting a mechanistic link between BLPs and chronic inflammatory lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meera Subramaniam
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Pathology, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|