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Gupta I, Gaykalova DA. Unveiling the role of PIK3R1 in cancer: A comprehensive review of regulatory signaling and therapeutic implications. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 106-107:58-86. [PMID: 39197810 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is responsible for phosphorylating phosphoinositides to generate secondary signaling molecules crucial for regulating various cellular processes, including cell growth, survival, and metabolism. The PI3K is a heterodimeric enzyme complex comprising of a catalytic subunit (p110α, p110β, or p110δ) and a regulatory subunit (p85). The binding of the regulatory subunit, p85, with the catalytic subunit, p110, forms an integral component of the PI3K enzyme. PIK3R1 (phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1) belongs to class IA of the PI3K family. PIK3R1 exhibits structural complexity due to alternative splicing, giving rise to distinct isoforms, prominently p85α and p55α. While the primary p85α isoform comprises multiple domains, including Src homology 3 (SH3) domains, a Breakpoint Cluster Region Homology (BH) domain, and Src homology 2 (SH2) domains (iSH2 and nSH2), the shorter isoform, p55α, lacks certain domains present in p85α. In this review, we will highlight the intricate regulatory mechanisms governing PI3K signaling along with the impact of PIK3R1 alterations on cellular processes. We will further delve into the clinical significance of PIK3R1 mutations in various cancer types and their implications for prognosis and treatment outcomes. Additionally, we will discuss the evolving landscape of targeted therapies aimed at modulating PI3K-associated pathways. Overall, this review will provide insights into the dynamic interplay of PIK3R1 in cancer, fostering advancements in precision medicine and the development of targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Gupta
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daria A Gaykalova
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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2
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Ghosh C, Hu J. Importance of targeting various cell signaling pathways in solid cancers. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 385:101-155. [PMID: 38663958 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Most adult human cancers are solid tumors prevailing in vital organs and lead to mortality all over the globe. Genetic and epigenetic alterations in cancer genes or genes of associated signaling pathways impart the most common characteristic of malignancy, that is, uncontrolled proliferation. Unless the mechanism of action of these cells signaling pathways (involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and the maintenance of the stemness of cancer stem cells and cancer microenvironment) and their physiologic alteration are extensively studied, it is challenging to understand tumorigenesis as well as develop new treatments and precision medicines. Targeted therapy is one of the most promising strategies for treating various cancers. However, cancer is an evolving disease, and most patients develop resistance to these drugs by acquired mutations or mediation of microenvironmental factors or due to tumor heterogeneity. Researchers are striving to develop novel therapeutic options like combinatorial approaches targeting multiple responsible pathways effectively. Thus, in-depth knowledge of cell signaling and its components remains a critical topic of cancer research. This chapter summarized various extensively studied pathways in solid cancer and how they are targeted for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrayee Ghosh
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, Unites States.
| | - Jiangnan Hu
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, Unites States
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3
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Panwar V, Singh A, Bhatt M, Tonk RK, Azizov S, Raza AS, Sengupta S, Kumar D, Garg M. Multifaceted role of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway in human health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:375. [PMID: 37779156 PMCID: PMC10543444 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01608-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a protein kinase that controls cellular metabolism, catabolism, immune responses, autophagy, survival, proliferation, and migration, to maintain cellular homeostasis. The mTOR signaling cascade consists of two distinct multi-subunit complexes named mTOR complex 1/2 (mTORC1/2). mTOR catalyzes the phosphorylation of several critical proteins like AKT, protein kinase C, insulin growth factor receptor (IGF-1R), 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K), transcription factor EB (TFEB), sterol-responsive element-binding proteins (SREBPs), Lipin-1, and Unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinases. mTOR signaling plays a central role in regulating translation, lipid synthesis, nucleotide synthesis, biogenesis of lysosomes, nutrient sensing, and growth factor signaling. The emerging pieces of evidence have revealed that the constitutive activation of the mTOR pathway due to mutations/amplification/deletion in either mTOR and its complexes (mTORC1 and mTORC2) or upstream targets is responsible for aging, neurological diseases, and human malignancies. Here, we provide the detailed structure of mTOR, its complexes, and the comprehensive role of upstream regulators, as well as downstream effectors of mTOR signaling cascades in the metabolism, biogenesis of biomolecules, immune responses, and autophagy. Additionally, we summarize the potential of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as an important modulator of mTOR signaling. Importantly, we have highlighted the potential of mTOR signaling in aging, neurological disorders, human cancers, cancer stem cells, and drug resistance. Here, we discuss the developments for the therapeutic targeting of mTOR signaling with improved anticancer efficacy for the benefit of cancer patients in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Panwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Aishwarya Singh
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Manini Bhatt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar, Punjab, 140001, India
| | - Rajiv K Tonk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Shavkatjon Azizov
- Laboratory of Biological Active Macromolecular Systems, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100125, Uzbekistan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Pharmaceutical Technical University, 100084, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Agha Saquib Raza
- Rajive Gandhi Super Speciality Hospital, Tahirpur, New Delhi, 110093, India
| | - Shinjinee Sengupta
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India.
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India.
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India.
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Alfaifi A, Bahashwan S, Alsaadi M, Malhan H, Aqeel A, Al-Kahiry W, Almehdar H, Qadri I. Metabolic Biomarkers in B-Cell Lymphomas for Early Diagnosis and Prediction, as Well as Their Influence on Prognosis and Treatment. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:394. [PMID: 35204484 PMCID: PMC8871334 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell lymphomas exhibit a vast variety of clinical and histological characteristics that might complicate the diagnosis. Timely diagnosis is crucial, as treatments for aggressive subtypes are considered successful and frequently curative, whereas indolent B-cell lymphomas are incurable and often need several therapies. The purpose of this review is to explore the current advancements achieved in B-cell lymphomas metabolism and how these indicators help to early detect metabolic changes in B-cell lymphomas and the use of predictive biological markers in refractory or relapsed disease. Since the year 1920, the Warburg effect has been known as an integral part of metabolic reprogramming. Compared to normal cells, cancerous cells require more glucose. These cancer cells undergo aerobic glycolysis instead of oxidative phosphorylation to metabolize glucose and form lactate as an end product. With the help of these metabolic alterations, a novel biomass is generated by the formation of various precursors. An aggressive metabolic phenotype is an aerobic glycolysis that has the advantage of producing high-rate ATP and preparing the biomass for the amino acid, as well as fatty acid, synthesis needed for a rapid proliferation of cells, while aerobic glycolysis is commonly thought to be the dominant metabolism in cancer cells. Later on, many metabolic biomarkers, such as increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), plasma lactate, and deficiency of thiamine in B-cell lymphoma patients, were discovered. Various kinds of molecules can be used as biomarkers, such as genes, proteins, or hormones, because they all refer to body health. Here, we focus only on significant metabolic biomarkers in B-cell lymphomas. In conclusion, many metabolic biomarkers have been shown to have clinical validity, but many others have not been subjected to extensive testing to demonstrate their clinical usefulness in B-cell lymphoma. Furthermore, they play an essential role in the discovery of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alfaifi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.); (H.A.)
- Fayfa General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jazan 83581, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Bahashwan
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- King AbdulAziz University Hospital, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alsaadi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.); (H.A.)
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hafiz Malhan
- Prince Mohammed Bin Nasser Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jazan 82943, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.); (A.A.); (W.A.-K.)
| | - Aqeel Aqeel
- Prince Mohammed Bin Nasser Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jazan 82943, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.); (A.A.); (W.A.-K.)
| | - Waiel Al-Kahiry
- Prince Mohammed Bin Nasser Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jazan 82943, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.); (A.A.); (W.A.-K.)
| | - Hussein Almehdar
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.); (H.A.)
| | - Ishtiaq Qadri
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.); (H.A.)
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Wang Y, Tortorella M. Molecular design of dual inhibitors of PI3K and potential molecular target of cancer for its treatment: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 228:114039. [PMID: 34894440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling network is a key event in many human cancers and therefore enormous efforts have been made in the development of PI3K inhibitors. However, due to intrinsic and acquired resistance as well as poor drug tolerance, limited therapeutic efficacy has been achieved with these agents. In view of the fact that PI3K inhibitors can show synergistic antitumor effects with other cancer agents, namely mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitors, dual inhibition of both targets by a single-molecule is regarded as a promising complementary or alternative therapeutic strategy to overcome the drawbacks of just PI3K monotherapy. In this review, we discuss the theoretical foundation for designing PI3K-based dual-target inhibitors and summarize the structure-activity relationships and clinical progress of these dual-binding agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanze Wang
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health - Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, 510530, PR China.
| | - Micky Tortorella
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health - Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, 510530, PR China
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Rivera-Soto R, Yu Y, Dittmer DP, Damania B. Combined Inhibition of Akt and mTOR Is Effective Against Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas. Front Oncol 2021; 11:670275. [PMID: 34221985 PMCID: PMC8253055 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.670275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) are a diverse group of hematological malignancies comprised of over 60 subtypes. These subtypes range from indolent to aggressive. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway has been shown to contribute to cell survival and proliferation and is constitutively active in most NHL. MK-7075 (miransertib) and MK-4440 are small molecules that effectively inhibit Akt and have entered clinical development. Using in vitro and in vivo models of NHL, we explored targeting the kinase Akt with miransertib and MK-4440 alone or in combination with the mTORC1 inhibitor, rapamycin (sirolimus). Both Akt inhibitors inhibited the pathway and NHL proliferation in a subtype-dependent manner. However, these compounds had a minimal effect on the viability of primary B-cells. Importantly, the combination of miransertib and sirolimus synergistically reduced cell proliferation in NHL, including in one indolent subtype, e.g., follicular lymphoma (FL), and two aggressive subtypes, e.g., diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). To establish in vivo efficacy, we used several xenograft models of FL, DLBCL, and PEL. The results obtained in vivo were consistent with the in vitro studies. The FL xenograft was highly sensitive to the inhibition of Akt alone; however, the tumor burden of PEL xenografts was only significantly reduced when both Akt and mTORC1 were targeted. These data suggest that targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway with Akt inhibitors such as miransertib in combination with mTOR inhibitors serves as a broadly applicable therapeutic in NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Rivera-Soto
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Yi Yu
- ArQule, Inc., A Wholly Owned Subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States
| | - Dirk P. Dittmer
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Blossom Damania
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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7
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Mologni L, Marzaro G, Redaelli S, Zambon A. Dual Kinase Targeting in Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:E119. [PMID: 33401428 PMCID: PMC7796318 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological cancer therapy is often based on the concurrent inhibition of different survival pathways to improve treatment outcomes and to reduce the risk of relapses. While this strategy is traditionally pursued only through the co-administration of several drugs, the recent development of multi-targeting drugs (i.e., compounds intrinsically able to simultaneously target several macromolecules involved in cancer onset) has had a dramatic impact on cancer treatment. This review focuses on the most recent developments in dual-kinase inhibitors used in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and lymphoid tumors, giving details on preclinical studies as well as ongoing clinical trials. A brief overview of dual-targeting inhibitors (kinase/histone deacetylase (HDAC) and kinase/tubulin polymerization inhibitors) applied to leukemia is also given. Finally, the very recently developed Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTAC)-based kinase inhibitors are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mologni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (L.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Giovanni Marzaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Sara Redaelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (L.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Alfonso Zambon
- Department of Chemistry and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
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Tarantelli C, Lupia A, Stathis A, Bertoni F. Is There a Role for Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitors for Patients Affected with Lymphoma? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1060. [PMID: 32033478 PMCID: PMC7037719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is a main driver of cell growth, proliferation, survival, and chemoresistance of cancer cells, and, for this reason, represents an attractive target for developing targeted anti-cancer drugs. There are plenty of preclinical data sustaining the anti-tumor activity of dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors as single agents and in combination in lymphomas. Clinical responses, including complete remissions (especially in follicular lymphoma patients), are also observed in the very few clinical studies performed in patients that are affected by relapsed/refractory lymphomas or chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In this review, we summarize the literature on dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors focusing on the lymphoma setting, presenting both the three compounds still in clinical development and those with a clinical program stopped or put on hold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tarantelli
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland;
| | - Antonio Lupia
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Anastasios Stathis
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland;
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland;
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland;
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Yang J, Nie J, Ma X, Wei Y, Peng Y, Wei X. Targeting PI3K in cancer: mechanisms and advances in clinical trials. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:26. [PMID: 30782187 PMCID: PMC6379961 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-0954-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 932] [Impact Index Per Article: 186.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is one of the most important intracellular pathways, which can be considered as a master regulator for cancer. Enormous efforts have been dedicated to the development of drugs targeting PI3K signaling, many of which are currently employed in clinical trials evaluation, and it is becoming increasingly clear that PI3K inhibitors are effective in inhibiting tumor progression. PI3K inhibitors are subdivided into dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors, pan-PI3K inhibitors and isoform-specific inhibitors. In this review, we performed a critical review to summarize the role of the PI3K pathway in tumor development, recent PI3K inhibitors development based on clinical trials, and the mechanisms of resistance to PI3K inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ji Nie
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Peng
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Yin H, Qu J, Peng Q, Gan R. Molecular mechanisms of EBV-driven cell cycle progression and oncogenesis. Med Microbiol Immunol 2018; 208:573-583. [PMID: 30386928 PMCID: PMC6746687 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-018-0570-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The early stage of oncogenesis is linked to the disorder of the cell cycle. Abnormal gene expression often leads to cell cycle disorders, resulting in malignant transformation of human cells. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is associated with a diverse range of human neoplasms, such as malignant lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and gastric cancer. EBV mainly infects human lymphocytes and oropharyngeal epithelial cells. EBV is latent in lymphocytes for a long period of time, is detached from the cytoplasm by circular DNA, and can integrate into the chromosome of cells. EBV expresses a variety of latent genes during latent infection. The interaction between EBV latent genes and oncogenes leads to host cell cycle disturbances, including the promotion of G1/S phase transition and inhibition of cell apoptosis, thereby promoting the development of EBV-associated neoplasms. Molecular mechanisms of EBV-driven cell cycle progression and oncogenesis involve diverse genes and signal pathways. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of EBV-driven cell cycle progression and promoting oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huali Yin
- Medical School, Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Chang Sheng Xi Avenue 28, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jiani Qu
- Medical School, Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Chang Sheng Xi Avenue 28, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu Peng
- Medical School, Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Chang Sheng Xi Avenue 28, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Runliang Gan
- Medical School, Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Chang Sheng Xi Avenue 28, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Tian L, Qiao Y, Lee P, Wang L, Chang A, Ravi S, Rogers TA, Lu L, Singhana B, Zhao J, Melancon MP. Antitumor efficacy of liposome-encapsulated NVP-BEZ 235 in combination with irreversible electroporation. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:668-678. [PMID: 29482386 PMCID: PMC6058606 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1444683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is an emerging minimally invasive tumor ablation technique that delivers short pulses of strong electric fields and kills cancer cells by disrupting their cell membranes with the electric pulses. However, clinical studies report that more than 10% of local tumor recurrences occur at the original ablated site. NVP BEZ-235 (BEZ) is a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor that has substantial anticancer effects. However, the clinical trials of BEZ was not satisfactory because of its low bioavailability and high toxicity, which stemmed from the use of oral administration of high doses over a long period of time. In this research, we prepared a liposomal formulation of BEZ (L-BEZ) for intratumoral injection and studied its antitumor efficacy alone and in combination with IRE. We hypothesized that IRE could release BEZ from the liposomes and that the combination could decrease tumor viability. Our results show that IRE released BEZ from its liposomal encapsulation. The combination of L-BEZ and IRE killed more Hep3B tumor cells in vitro than did L-BEZ or IRE alone and also inhibited cancer cell proliferation in nude mice bearing Hep3B xenografts. Combination of chemotherapeutic agent loaded nanoparticles could enhance the antitumor efficacy of IRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- a Department of Interventional Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Yang Qiao
- a Department of Interventional Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Patrick Lee
- b College of Medicine , State University of New York Upstate Medical University , Syracuse , NY , USA
| | - Lucas Wang
- c The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School , Austin , TX , USA
| | | | - Saisree Ravi
- e Department of BioSciences , Rice University , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Thomas A Rogers
- f Department of Chemistry , Mississippi State University , Starkville , MS , USA
| | - Linfeng Lu
- g Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Rice University , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Burapol Singhana
- a Department of Interventional Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA.,h Innovative Nanomedicine Research Unit , Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus , Pathum Thani , Thailand
| | - Jun Zhao
- i Department of Cancer Systems Imaging , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Marites P Melancon
- a Department of Interventional Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA.,j UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
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12
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Ishikawa C, Senba M, Mori N. Effects of NVP-BEZ235, a dual phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, on HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:5311-5317. [PMID: 29552172 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is an aggressive type of malignancy caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). In ATL, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is constitutively active, promoting cell proliferation, survival and chemoresistance. Thus, the PI3K signaling pathway is an attractive therapeutic target for ATL. In the present study, the effects of RAD001 (an mTOR inhibitor), NVP-BKM120 (a pan-PI3K inhibitor) and NVP-BEZ235 (a novel dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor) on cultured HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines were compared. The results demonstrated that NVP-BEZ235 was more efficacious compared with RAD001 and NVP-BKM120 at inhibiting cell growth. NVP-BEZ235 exhibited cytostatic rather than cytotoxic effects on various HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines, where it induced cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. NVP-BEZ235 downregulated cyclin D1, cyclin D2, cyclin E, cyclin dependent kinase (CDK)2 and CDK4 expression, and the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein. In C.B-17/Icr-severe combined immune deficiency mice implanted with HTLV-1-infected HUT-102 cells, oral NVP-BEZ235 caused marked retardation of tumor growth compared with the control. The present in vitro and in vivo studies highlight the efficacious dual inhibition of PI3K, and mTOR following NVP-BEZ235 treatment. Thus, the results of the current study provide preclinical rationale for phase I clinical studies to examine the effects of NVP-BEZ235 in patients with ATL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Ishikawa
- Division of Health Sciences, Transdisciplinary Research Organization for Subtropics and Island Studies, University of The Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Masachika Senba
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Naoki Mori
- Department of Microbiology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
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13
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Mui UN, Haley CT, Tyring SK. Viral Oncology: Molecular Biology and Pathogenesis. J Clin Med 2017; 6:E111. [PMID: 29186062 PMCID: PMC5742800 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6120111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncoviruses are implicated in approximately 12% of all human cancers. A large number of the world's population harbors at least one of these oncoviruses, but only a small proportion of these individuals go on to develop cancer. The interplay between host and viral factors is a complex process that works together to create a microenvironment conducive to oncogenesis. In this review, the molecular biology and oncogenic pathways of established human oncoviruses will be discussed. Currently, there are seven recognized human oncoviruses, which include Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), Human Papillomavirus (HPV), Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV), Human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1), Human Herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8), and Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV). Available and emerging therapies for these oncoviruses will be mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uyen Ngoc Mui
- Center for Clinical Studies, Houston, TX 77004, USA.
| | | | - Stephen K Tyring
- Center for Clinical Studies, Houston, TX 77004, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA.
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14
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Liu SL, Liu Z, Zhang LD, Zhu HQ, Guo JH, Zhao M, Wu YL, Liu F, Gao FH. GSK3β-dependent cyclin D1 and cyclin E1 degradation is indispensable for NVP-BEZ235 induced G0/G1 arrest in neuroblastoma cells. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:2386-2395. [PMID: 28980866 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1383577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D1 and cyclin E1, as vital regulatory factors of G1-S phase cell cycle progression, are frequently constitutive expressed and associated with pathogenesis and tumorigenesis in most human cancers and they have been regarded as promising targets for cancer therapy. In this study, we established NVP-BEZ235, a potent dual kinase inhibitor, could induce neuroblastoma cells proliferation inhibition without apoptosis activation. Moreover, we showed NVP-BEZ235 could induce neuroblastoma cells arrested at G0/G1 phase accompanied with significant reduction of the cyclin D1 and E1 proteins in a dose dependent manner at nanomole concentration. Additionally we found that GSK3β was dephosphorylated and activated by NVP-BEZ235 and then triggered cyclin D1 and cyclin E1 degradation through ubiquitination proteasome pathway, based on the evidences that NVP-BEZ235 induced downregulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin E1 were obviously recovered by proteasome inhibitor and the blockade of GSK3β contributed to remarkable rescue of cyclin D1 and cyclin E1. Analogous results about its anti-proliferation effects and molecular mechanism were observed on neuroblastoma xenograft mouse model in vivo. Therefore, these results indicate that NVP-BEZ235-induced cyclin D1 and cyclin E1 degradation, which happened through activating GSK3β, and GSK3β-dependent down-regulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin E1 should be available for anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Ling Liu
- a Department of Oncology , Shanghai 9th People's Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , 639 Zhi Zao Ju Rd, Shanghai , China
| | - Zhen Liu
- a Department of Oncology , Shanghai 9th People's Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , 639 Zhi Zao Ju Rd, Shanghai , China.,b Department of Clinical Laboratory , Shanghai Pudong Hospital , Fudan University Pudong Medical Center , 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai , China
| | - Li-Di Zhang
- a Department of Oncology , Shanghai 9th People's Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , 639 Zhi Zao Ju Rd, Shanghai , China
| | - Han-Qing Zhu
- a Department of Oncology , Shanghai 9th People's Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , 639 Zhi Zao Ju Rd, Shanghai , China
| | - Jia-Hui Guo
- a Department of Oncology , Shanghai 9th People's Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , 639 Zhi Zao Ju Rd, Shanghai , China
| | - Mei Zhao
- c Department of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital , Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Ying-Li Wu
- d Dept. of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education , Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM) , Shanghai , China
| | - Feng Liu
- a Department of Oncology , Shanghai 9th People's Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , 639 Zhi Zao Ju Rd, Shanghai , China
| | - Feng-Hou Gao
- a Department of Oncology , Shanghai 9th People's Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , 639 Zhi Zao Ju Rd, Shanghai , China
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15
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Fan L, Li L, Zhou Y, Li J. Rituximab-Based Therapy in Newly Diagnosed Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Patients: Individualized Risk-Adapted Therapy Approach Using Molecular Subtypes. J Hematol 2017; 6:33-43. [PMID: 32300390 PMCID: PMC7155827 DOI: 10.14740/jh320w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rituximab (R) with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (CHOP) is the current standard of care as first-line treatment for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common lymphoma subtype. Patients who fail R-CHOP have a poor outcome with relapse or refractory disease resulting in fatality in majority of patients. This review focuses on novel therapies which are currently being assessed as first-line treatment in combination with R-CHOP in patients with DLBCL. Targeted drug development is a possibility with recent developments like gene expression profiling, RNA interference screening, DNA sequencing, identification of new biomarkers and signaling pathways. Newer drugs such as bortezomib, lenalidomide, and ibrutinib are being investigated as first-line therapy in combination with R-CHOP (XR-CHOP) in the activated B-cell (ABC) subtype of DLBCL. Additionally, inhibitors of BCL6, EZH2, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR are being considered for treatment of germinal center B-cell (GCB) subtype of DLBCL in patients with probable survival of less than 5 years. Double- or triple-hit lymphomas and double-expressor lymphomas also have poor prognosis and research to identify effective first-line therapy in these patients remains an unmet need. Presently, individualized approach that includes effective therapeutic combinations with acceptable safety profiles for use in routine practice, especially in patients likely to have poor outcomes such as relapsed/refractory DLBCL remains a distant possibility. Current evidence shows that untreated high risk patients do not have the greater benefit with use of newer drugs compared with R-CHOP. Therefore, R-CHOP remains the first-line treatment for newly diagnosed DLBCL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, GuangZhou Road 300#, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lindong Li
- Medical Department, Shanghai Roche Pharmaceuticals Ltd., 1100, Longdong Ave., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yiqun Zhou
- Medical Department, Shanghai Roche Pharmaceuticals Ltd., 1100, Longdong Ave., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianyong Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, GuangZhou Road 300#, Nanjing 210029, China
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16
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Granato M, Rizzello C, Gilardini Montani MS, Cuomo L, Vitillo M, Santarelli R, Gonnella R, D'Orazi G, Faggioni A, Cirone M. Quercetin induces apoptosis and autophagy in primary effusion lymphoma cells by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR and STAT3 signaling pathways. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 41:124-136. [PMID: 28092744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin, a bioflavonoid contained in several vegetables daily consumed, has been studied for long time for its antiinflammatory and anticancer properties. Quercetin interacts with multiple cancer-related pathways such as PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin and STAT3. These pathways are hyperactivated in primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), an aggressive B cell lymphoma whose pathogenesis is strictly linked to the oncogenic virus Kaposis' Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV). In this study, we found that quercetin inhibited PI3K/AKT/mTOR and STAT3 pathways in PEL cells, and as a consequence, it down-regulated the expression of the prosurvival cellular proteins such as c-FLIP, cyclin D1 and cMyc. It also reduced the release of IL-6 and IL-10 cytokines, leading to PEL cell death. Moreover, quercetin induced a prosurvival autophagy in these cells and increased the cytotoxic effect of bortezomib, a proteasomal inhibitor, against them. Interestingly, quercetin decreased also the expression of latent and lytic KSHV proteins involved in PEL tumorigenesis and up-regulated the surface expression of HLA-DR and calreticulin, rendering the dying cells more likely detectable by the immune system. The results obtained in this study indicate that quercetin, which does not exert any cytotoxicity against normal B cells, may represent a good candidate for the treatment of this aggressive B cell lymphoma, especially in combination with autophagy inhibitors or with bortezomib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Granato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Celeste Rizzello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laura Cuomo
- U. O.C. Patologia Clinica, Ospedale San Filippo Neri, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Vitillo
- U. O.C. Patologia Clinica, Ospedale San Filippo Neri, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Santarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Gonnella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella D'Orazi
- Translational Research Area, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", 66013, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alberto Faggioni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy.
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy.
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17
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Abstract
B cell growth and proliferation is tightly regulated by signaling through the B cell receptor and by other membrane bound receptors responding to different cytokines. The PI3K signaling pathway has been shown to play a crucial role in B cell activation, differentiation and survival. Activated B cells undergo metabolic reprograming in response to changing energetic and biosynthetic demands. B cells also need to be able to coordinate metabolic activity and proliferation with nutrient availability. The PI3K signaling network has been implicated in regulating nutrient acquisition, utilization and biosynthesis, thus integrating receptor-mediated signaling with cell metabolism. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about metabolic changes induced in activated B cells, strategies to adapt to metabolic stress and the role of PI3K signaling in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Jellusova
- a BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany.,b Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Robert C Rickert
- c Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute , La Jolla , CA , USA
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18
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Serban F, Daianu O, Tataranu LG, Artene SA, Emami G, Georgescu AM, Alexandru O, Purcaru SO, Tache DE, Danciulescu MM, Sfredel V, Dricu A. Silencing of epidermal growth factor, latrophilin and seven transmembrane domain-containing protein 1 (ELTD1) via siRNA-induced cell death in glioblastoma. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2016; 38:21-33. [PMID: 27379831 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2016.1209217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The failure of therapies targeting tumor angiogenesis may be caused by anti-angiogenic resistance mechanisms induced by VEGF and non-VEGF pathways alterations. Anti-angiogenic therapy failure is also attributed to immune system, acting by tumor-associated macrophages that release pro-angiogenic factors and a consequent increase of blood vessels. Recently, in a study by Rheal et al., a new angiogenic receptor, epidermal growth factor, latrophilin, and 7 trans-membrane domain-containing protein 1 on chromosome 1(ELTD1) has been identified as a promising glioma biomarker. In this study we aim to analyse whether this receptor may be used as a target molecule in glioblastoma therapy. Our results showed that small interfering RNA silencing ELTD1 caused cytotoxicity in glioblastoma cells. We also found that PDGFR, VEGFR, and their common PI3K/mTOR intracellular pathway inactivation-induced cytotoxicity in glioblastoma cells. Further, we found high percent of cytotoxicity in a low passage glioblastoma cell line after BEZ235 (a dual inhibitor of PI3K/mTOR pathway) treatment at nanomolar concentrations, compared to AG1433 (a PDGFR inhibitor) and SU1498 (a VEGFR inhibitor) that were only cytotoxic at micromolar ranges. In the future, these could prove as attractive therapeutic targets in single therapy or coupled with classic therapeutic approaches such as chemotherapy of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Serban
- a Department of Functional Sciences , University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova , Craiova , Romania
| | - Oana Daianu
- a Department of Functional Sciences , University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova , Craiova , Romania
| | | | - Stefan-Alexandru Artene
- a Department of Functional Sciences , University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova , Craiova , Romania
| | - Ghazaleh Emami
- a Department of Functional Sciences , University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova , Craiova , Romania
| | - Ada Maria Georgescu
- a Department of Functional Sciences , University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova , Craiova , Romania
| | - Oana Alexandru
- a Department of Functional Sciences , University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova , Craiova , Romania
| | - Stefana Oana Purcaru
- a Department of Functional Sciences , University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova , Craiova , Romania
| | - Daniela Elise Tache
- a Department of Functional Sciences , University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova , Craiova , Romania
| | | | - Veronica Sfredel
- a Department of Functional Sciences , University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova , Craiova , Romania
| | - Anica Dricu
- a Department of Functional Sciences , University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova , Craiova , Romania
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19
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Jin Z, Qing K, Ouyang Y, Liu Z, Wang W, Li X, Xu Z, Li J. Low dose of lenalidmide and PI3K/mTOR inhibitor trigger synergistic cytoxicity in activated B cell-like subtype of diffuse large B cell lymphoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:52. [PMID: 27009084 PMCID: PMC4806505 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Activated B cell-like subtype of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL) presents aggressive clinical courses and poor prognosis. Targeting key pathways may raise the possibility of improving clinical outcomes. Methods The synergetic effects were assessed by CCK-8 assay and measured by isobologram analysis. The NVP-Bez235 and lenalidomide cytotoxicity were measured by flow cytometry, Western Blot and si-RNA transfection. The combined treatment inducing tumor regression in vivo was performed in nude mice of OCI-Ly10 xenograft mouse model. Results Low dose of two agents represented significant inhibition of proliferation with CI value < 1. NVP-Bez235 combined with lenalidomide remarkably increased apoptosis through intrinsic pathway by upregulating Bim, Bax and downregulating Bcl-xL. Akt, especially NF-κB, played an important role in the synergetic effects. Cotreatment also induced the cell cycle to be arrested in G0/G1 phase, and decreased S phase by increasing p21 expression, downregulating cyclinA and diminishing CDK2 phosphorylation in Su-DHL2 and OCI-Ly3 but not in OCI-Ly10. Mice treated with NVP-Bez235/lenalidomide represented obvious tumor growth regression and prolonged overall survival. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated the synergistic effect of low dose of NVP-Bez235 and lenalidomide in ABC-DLBCL, the underlying mechanism may be multifunctional, involving apoptosis, Akt and NF-κB inactivation and cell cycle arrest. Cotreatment was also effective in vivo. These data pave the way for potential treatment of ABC-DLBCL with combination of NVP-Bez235 and lenalidomide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Jin
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Qing
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Ouyang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenfang Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zizhen Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junmin Li
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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20
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Chen D, Mao C, Zhou Y, Su Y, Liu S, Qi WQ. PF-04691502, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor has potent pre-clinical activity by inducing apoptosis and G1 cell cycle arrest in aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Int J Oncol 2015; 48:253-60. [PMID: 26549638 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is activated in a variety of human tumors including B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). Targeting this pathway has been validated in solid and hematological tumors. In the present study, we demonstrated that PF-04691502, a novel PI3K/mTOR inhibitor has potent activity in a panel of aggressive B-NHL cell lines including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). MTS analysis showed that PF-04691502 effectively inhibited cell proliferation with IC50 values ranging from 0.12 to 0.55 µM. Cells treated with PF-04691502 exhibited decreased phosphorylation of Akt and S6 ribosomal protein confirming the mechanism of action of a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor. Also, treatment of B-NHL cell lines with PF-04691502 induced apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, PF-04691502 significantly induced G1 cell cycle arrest associated with a decrease in cyclin D1 which contributed to suppression of cell proliferation. Finally, rituximab enhanced apoptosis induced by PF-04691502. Taken together, our findings provide for the first time that PF-04691502 inhibits the constitutively activated PI3K/mTOR pathway in aggressive B-cell NHL cell lines associated with inhibition of cell cycle progression, cell proliferation and promotion of apoptosis. These findings suggest that PF-04691502 is a novel therapeutic strategy in aggressive B-cell NHL and warrants early phase clinical trial evaluation with and without rituximab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Chen
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Chaoming Mao
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Yuepeng Zhou
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Su
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Shenzha Liu
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Qing Qi
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
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21
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Duong MN, Matera EL, Mathé D, Evesque A, Valsesia-Wittmann S, Clémenceau B, Dumontet C. Effect of kinase inhibitors on the therapeutic properties of monoclonal antibodies. MAbs 2015; 7:192-8. [PMID: 25523586 DOI: 10.4161/19420862.2015.989020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies of malignancies currently consist of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and small molecule kinase inhibitors. The combination of these novel agents raises the issue of potential antagonisms. We evaluated the potential effect of 4 kinase inhibitors, including the Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib, and 3 PI3K inhibitors idelalisib, NVP-BEZ235 and LY294002, on the effects of the 3 monoclonal antibodies, rituximab and obinutuzumab (directed against CD20) and trastuzumab (directed against HER2). We found that ibrutinib potently inhibits antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity exerted by all antibodies, with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 0.2 microM for trastuzumab, 0.5 microM for rituximab and 2 microM for obinutuzumab, suggesting a lesser effect in combination with obinutuzumab than with rituximab. The 4 kinase inhibitors were found to inhibit phagocytosis by fresh human neutrophils, as well as antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis induced by the 3 antibodies. Conversely co-administration of ibrutinib with rituximab, obinutuzumab or trastuzumab did not demonstrate any inhibitory effect of ibrutinib in vivo in murine xenograft models. In conclusion, some kinase inhibitors, in particular, ibrutinib, are likely to exert inhibitory effects on innate immune cells. However, these effects do not compromise the antitumor activity of monoclonal antibodies in vivo in the models that were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Ngoc Duong
- a Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL); INSERM UMR 1052/CNRS 5286 ; Lyon , France
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22
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Lim JY, Lee JY, Byun BJ, Kim SH. Fisetin targets phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase and induces apoptosis of human B lymphoma Raji cells. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:984-989. [PMID: 28962438 PMCID: PMC5598213 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Fisetin inhibits PI3K activity at the enzymatic and cellular levels. Fisetin induces the apoptosis of Raji cells by downregulating cIAP-2 protein expression. The pro-apoptotic activity of fisetin may be linked to a potential to inhibit mTOR signaling and to induce DNA damage.
Aberrant regulation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases (PI3Ks) is known to be involved in the progression of cancers. PI3K-binding flavonoids such as quercetin and myricetin have been shown to inhibit PI3K activity, but the direct targeting of fisetin to PI3K has not been established. Here, we carried out an in silico investigation of fisetin binding to PI3K and determined fisetin’s inhibitory activity in enzymatic and cell-based assays. In addition, fisetin induced apoptosis in human Burkitt’s lymphoma Raji cells by inhibiting both PI3Ks and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Our results indicate that fisetin may serve as a natural backbone for the development of novel dual inhibitors of PI3Ks and mTOR for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Lim
- Laboratory of Translational Therapeutics, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Yun Lee
- Center for Drug Discovery Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Jin Byun
- Center for Drug Discovery Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author.
| | - Seong Hwan Kim
- Laboratory of Translational Therapeutics, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author at: Laboratory of Translational Therapeutics, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 305 600, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Dual PI3K/mTOR inhibition is required to effectively impair microenvironment survival signals in mantle cell lymphoma. Oncotarget 2015; 5:6788-800. [PMID: 25216518 PMCID: PMC4196163 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway activation contributes to mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) pathogenesis and drug resistance. Antitumor activity has been observed with mTOR inhibitors. However, they have shown limited clinical efficacy in relation to drug activation of feedback loops. Selective PI3K inhibition or dual PI3K/mTOR catalytic inhibition are different therapeutic approaches developed to achieve effective pathway blockage. Here, we have performed a comparative analysis of the mTOR inhibitor everolimus, the pan-PI3K inhibitor NVP-BKM120 and the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 in primary MCL cells. We found NVP-BEZ235 to be more powerful than everolimus or NVP-BKM120 in PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling inhibition, indicating that targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway at multiple levels is likely to be a more effective strategy for the treatment of MCL than single inhibition of these kinases. Among the three drugs, NVP-BEZ235 induced the highest change in gene expression profile. Functional validation demonstrated that NVP-BEZ235 inhibited angiogenesis, migration and tumor invasiveness in MCL cells. NVP-BEZ235 was the only drug able to block IL4 and IL6/STAT3 signaling which compromise the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy in MCL. Our findings support the use of the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 as a promising approach to interfere with the microenvironment-related processes in MCL.
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Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has emerged as a potential target for drug development, particularly due to the fact that it plays such a crucial role in cancer biology. In addition, next-generation mTOR inhibitors have become available, marking an exciting new phase in mTOR-based therapy. However, the verdict on their therapeutic efectiveness remains unclear. Here we review phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR signaling as one of the primary mechanisms for sustaining tumor outgrowth and metastasis, recent advances in the development of mTOR inhibitors, and current studies addressing mTOR activation/inhibition in colorectal cancer (CRC). We will also discuss our recent comparative study of diferent mTOR inhibitors in a population of colon cancer stem cells (CSCs), and current major challenges for achieving individualized drug therapy using kinase inhibitors.
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Papadopoulos KP, Egile C, Ruiz-Soto R, Jiang J, Shi W, Bentzien F, Rasco D, Abrisqueta P, Vose JM, Tabernero J. Efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of SAR245409 (voxtalisib, XL765), an orally administered phosphoinositide 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor: a phase 1 expansion cohort in patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 56:1763-70. [PMID: 25300944 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.974040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The maximum tolerated dose of SAR245409 (voxtalisib), a pan-class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, was determined in a phase 1 dose-escalation study in advanced solid tumors. We report safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics and preliminary efficacy of SAR245409 capsules 50 mg twice daily in an expansion cohort of 16 patients with relapsed/refractory lymphoma. The most common treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were nausea (31.3%) and diarrhea (25.0%). The most common grade 3/4 treatment-related AE was increased alanine aminotransferase (12.5%). PK results were consistent with solid tumors, confirming a relatively short steady-state half-life (mean 4.61 h). Among 12 evaluable patients, one complete response and two partial responses were achieved in patients with and without PI3K/mTOR pathway alterations. In a patient with mantle cell lymphoma achieving PR, SAR245409 was associated with significant inhibition of PI3K/mTOR and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) pathways. Preliminary efficacy warrants further evaluation of SAR245409 in lymphoma.
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Yahiaoui OI, Nunès JA, Castanier C, Devillier R, Broussais F, Fabre AJ, Naimi D, Bouabdallah R, Olive D, Xerri L. Constitutive AKT activation in follicular lymphoma. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:565. [PMID: 25096023 PMCID: PMC4131060 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phosphoinositide 3- kinase (PI3K) pathway is involved in the growth of various human cancers, including lymphoid malignancies. However its role in the pathogenesis of follicular lymphoma (FL) has not been yet described. METHODS To clarify this point, biopsy tissue samples from 38 human FL cases were investigated for PIK3CA somatic mutations in exon 9 and 20 using direct sequencing. The same samples were analyzed using western blotting and immunohistochemistry to detect expression of AKT, phosphorylated AKT (pAKT), and PTEN proteins. Two cases of benign lymphadenitis were used as controls. RESULTS AKT expression was present in all FL and lymphadenitis cases. 14/38 (37%) FL and 2/2 lymphadenitis cases expressed pAKT. 9/38 (24%) FL samples showed high level of pAKT, whereas 5/38 (13%) FL cases and 2/2 benign lymphadenitis samples expressed low level of pAKT. PTEN expression was observed in 30/38 (79%) FL and 2/2 benign lymphadenitis cases, whereas 8/38 (21%) FL cases showed loss of PTEN expression. 3 cases with positive pAKT did not express PTEN. PIK3CA mutations were not detected in any sample. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway could be activated in a subset of FL cases, due to either AKT phosphorylation or PTEN downregulation, in the absence of PIK3CA mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouardia I Yahiaoui
- Inserm, U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France.
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Jabbour E, Ottmann OG, Deininger M, Hochhaus A. Targeting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway in hematologic malignancies. Haematologica 2014; 99:7-18. [PMID: 24425689 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2013.087171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway represents an important anticancer target because it has been implicated in cancer cell growth, survival, and motility. Recent studies show that PI3K may also play a role in the development of resistance to currently available therapies. In a broad range of cancers, various components of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling axis are genetically modified, and the pathway can be activated through many different mechanisms. The frequency of genetic alterations in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway, coupled with the impact in oncogenesis and disease progression, make this signaling axis an attractive target in anticancer therapy. A better understanding of the critical function of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway in leukemias and lymphomas has led to the clinical evaluation of novel rationally designed inhibitors in this setting. Three main categories of phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors have been developed so far: agents that target phosphoinositide 3-kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin (dual inhibitors), pan-phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors that target all class I isoforms, and isoform-specific inhibitors that selectively target the α, -β, -γ, or -δ isoforms. Emerging data highlight the promise of phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors in combination with other therapies for the treatment of patients with hematologic malignancies. Further evaluation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors in first-line or subsequent regimens may improve clinical outcomes. This article reviews the role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling in hematologic malignancies and the potential clinical utility of inhibitors that target this pathway.
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Anders P, Bhende PM, Foote M, Dittmer DP, Park SI, Damania B. Dual inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin and mitogen activated protein kinase pathways in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 56:263-6. [PMID: 24766470 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.917639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Penny Anders
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology
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Matas-Céspedes A, Rodriguez V, Kalko SG, Vidal-Crespo A, Rosich L, Casserras T, Balsas P, Villamor N, Giné E, Campo E, Roué G, López-Guillermo A, Colomer D, Pérez-Galán P. Disruption of follicular dendritic cells-follicular lymphoma cross-talk by the pan-PI3K inhibitor BKM120 (Buparlisib). Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:3458-71. [PMID: 24799524 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To uncover the signaling pathways underlying follicular lymphoma-follicular dendritic cells (FL-FDC) cross-talk and its validation as new targets for therapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN FL primary cells and cell lines were cocultured in the presence or absence of FDC. After 24 and 48 hours, RNA was isolated from FL cells and subjected to gene expression profiling (GEP) and data meta-analysis using DAVID and GSEA softwares. Blockade of PI3K pathway by the pan-PI3K inhibitor BKM120 (buparlisib; Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation) and the effect of PI3K inhibition on FL-FDC cross-talk were analyzed by means of ELISA, RT-PCR, human umbilical vein endothelial cell tube formation, adhesion and migration assays, Western blot, and in vivo studies in mouse FL xenografts. RESULTS GEP of FL-FDC cocultures yields a marked modulation of FL transcriptome by FDC. Pathway assignment by DAVID and GSEA software uncovered an overrepresentation of genes related to angiogenesis, cell adhesion, migration, and serum-response factors. We demonstrate that the addition of the pan-PI3K inhibitor BKM120 to the cocultures was able to downregulate the expression and secretion of proangiogenic factors derived from FL-FDC cocultures, reducing in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis. Moreover, BKM120 efficiently counteracts FDC-mediated cell adhesion and impedes signaling and migration induced by the chemokine CXCL12. BKM120 inhibits both constitutive PI3K/AKT pathway and FDC- or CXCL12-induced PI3K/AKT pathway, hampers FDC survival signaling, and reduces cell proliferation of FL cells in vitro and in mouse xenografts. CONCLUSIONS These data support the use of BKM120 in FL therapy to counteract microenvironment-related survival signaling in FL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Matas-Céspedes
- Authors' Affiliations: Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Department of Hemato-Oncology
| | - Vanina Rodriguez
- Authors' Affiliations: Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Department of Hemato-Oncology
| | | | - Anna Vidal-Crespo
- Authors' Affiliations: Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Department of Hemato-Oncology
| | - Laia Rosich
- Authors' Affiliations: Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Department of Hemato-Oncology
| | | | - Patricia Balsas
- Authors' Affiliations: Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Department of Hemato-Oncology
| | | | - Eva Giné
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elías Campo
- Hematopathology Unit, Department of Pathology; and
| | - Gaël Roué
- Authors' Affiliations: Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Department of Hemato-Oncology
| | | | - Dolors Colomer
- Authors' Affiliations: Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Department of Hemato-Oncology; Hematopathology Unit, Department of Pathology; and
| | - Patricia Pérez-Galán
- Authors' Affiliations: Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Department of Hemato-Oncology;
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Resistance to mTOR kinase inhibitors in lymphoma cells lacking 4EBP1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88865. [PMID: 24586420 PMCID: PMC3931643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) hold promise for treatment of hematological malignancies. Analogs of the allosteric mTOR inhibitor rapamycin are approved for mantle cell lymphoma but have limited efficacy in other blood cancers. ATP-competitive "active-site" mTOR inhibitors produce more complete mTOR inhibition and are more effective than rapamycin in preclinical models of leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma. In parallel to clinical trials of active-site mTOR inhibitors, it will be important to identify resistance mechanisms that might limit drug efficacy in certain patients. From a panel of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cell lines, we found that the VAL cell line is particularly resistant to apoptosis in the presence of active-site mTOR inhibitors. Mechanistic investigation showed that VAL does not express eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein-1 (4EBP1), a key negative regulator of translation controlled by mTOR. Although VAL cells express the related protein 4EBP2, mTOR inhibitor treatment fails to displace eukaryotic initiation factor 4G from the mRNA cap-binding complex. Knockdown of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E, or re-expression of 4EBP1, sensitizes cells to apoptosis when treated with active-site mTOR inhibitors. These findings provide a naturally occurring example of 4EBP deficiency driving lymphoma cell resistance to active-site mTOR inhibitors.
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Castillo JJ, Iyengar M, Kuritzky B, Bishop KD. Isotype-specific inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase pathway in hematologic malignancies. Onco Targets Ther 2014; 7:333-42. [PMID: 24591840 PMCID: PMC3937185 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s34641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the advent of biological targeted therapies has revolutionized the management of several types of cancer, especially in the realm of hematologic malignancies. One of these pathways, and the center of this review, is the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. The PI3K pathway seems to play an important role in the pathogenesis and survival advantage in hematologic malignancies, such as leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma. The objectives of the present review, hence, are to describe the current knowledge on the PI3K pathway and its isoforms, and to summarize preclinical and clinical studies using PI3K inhibitors, focusing on the advances made in hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge J Castillo
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meera Iyengar
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Benjamin Kuritzky
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kenneth D Bishop
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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Molecular alterations of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway: a therapeutic target in endometrial cancer. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:709736. [PMID: 24526917 PMCID: PMC3913524 DOI: 10.1155/2014/709736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway plays a central role in cell growth and proliferation. It has also been suggested that its deregulation is associated with cancer. Genetic alterations, involving components of this pathway, are often encountered in endometrial cancers. Understanding and identifying the rate-limiting steps of this pathway would be crucial for the development of novel therapies against endometrial cancer. This paper reviews alterations in the PI3K/Akt pathway, which could possibly contribute to the development of endometrial cancer. In addition, potential therapeutic targets of this pathway with emphasis on the mTOR inhibitors are also presented.
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Fang X, Zhou X, Wang X. Clinical development of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Biomark Res 2013; 1:30. [PMID: 24252186 PMCID: PMC4177547 DOI: 10.1186/2050-7771-1-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is extensively explored in cancers. It functions as an important regulator of cell growth, survival and metabolism. Activation of this pathway also predicts poor prognosis in numerous human malignancies. Drugs targeting this signaling pathway have been developed and have shown preliminary clinical activity. Accumulating evidence has highlighted the important role of PI3K in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), especially in the disease initiation and progression. Therapeutic functions of PI3K inhibitors in NHL have been demonstrated both in vivo and in vitro. This review will summarize recent advances in the activation of PI3K signaling in different types of NHL and the applications of PI3K inhibitors in NHL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosheng Fang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P,R, China.
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Zang C, Eucker J, Liu H, Müller A, Possinger K, Scholz CW. Concurrent inhibition of PI3-Kinase and mTOR induces cell death in diffuse large B cell lymphomas, a mechanism involving down regulation of Mcl-1. Cancer Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Fiskus W, Verstovsek S, Manshouri T, Smith JE, Peth K, Abhyankar S, McGuirk J, Bhalla KN. Dual PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitor BEZ235 synergistically enhances the activity of JAK2 inhibitor against cultured and primary human myeloproliferative neoplasm cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:577-88. [PMID: 23445613 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Hemopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) from myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) such as myelofibrosis commonly express mutant JAK2-V617F or other mutations that are associated with increased activities of JAK-STAT5/3, RAS/RAF/MAPK, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. This confers proliferative and survival advantage on the MPN HPCs. Treatment with JAK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), for example, TG101209, TG101348 (SAR302503), or INCB018424 (ruxolitinib), inhibits mutant JAK2-mediated signaling. Although effective in reducing constitutional symptoms and splenomegaly, treatment with JAK-TKI does not ameliorate myelofibrosis or significantly improve survival of patients with advanced myelofibrosis. Here, we show that treatment with the dual phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and mTOR inhibitor BEZ235 attenuated PI3K/AKT and mTOR signaling, as well as induced cell-cycle growth arrest and apoptosis of the cultured human JAK2-V617F-expressing HEL92.1.7 (HEL), UKE1 cells, and primary CD34+ myelofibrosis (MF)-MPN cells. Treatment with BEZ235 also induced significant apoptosis of the JAK2-TKI resistant HEL/TGR cells that were selected for resistance against JAK-TKI. Cotreatment with BEZ235 and JAK2-TKI (TG101209 and SAR302503) synergistically induced lethal activity against the cultured and primary CD34+ MPN cells while relatively sparing the normal CD34+ HPCs. These findings create a compelling rationale to determine the in vivo activity of dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors in combination with JAK inhibitors against myelofibrosis HPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Fiskus
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Dai C, Zhang B, Liu X, Ma S, Yang Y, Yao Y, Feng M, Bao X, Li G, Wang J, Guo K, Ma W, Xing B, Lian W, Xiao J, Cai F, Zhang H, Wang R. Inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway enhances temozolomide-induced cytotoxicity in pituitary adenoma cell lines in vitro and xenografted pituitary adenoma in female nude mice. Endocrinology 2013; 154:1247-59. [PMID: 23384836 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Invasive pituitary adenomas (PAs) are often refractory to standard therapy and salvage treatment with temozolomide (TMZ). Hyperactivation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway contributes to chemotherapy resistance in many cancers. XL765, a novel dual-PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, has recently shown its efficacy as a monotherapy and in combination with conventional therapeutics in many cancers. The hyperactive PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway frequently occurs in invasive PAs. In this study, we investigated whether XL765 sensitizes PA cells to TMZ in vitro and in vivo. Experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of XL765 and TMZ alone or in combination on cell proliferation and apoptosis of PA cell lines (αT3-1, GH3, and MMQ) in vitro as well as the tumor growth and serum GH and prolactin secretions in a GH3 xenograft tumor model of female nude mice. XL765 and TMZ synergistically inhibited the growth of PA cell lines and induced apoptosis. Combination of XL765 and TMZ synergistically inhibited tumor growth, decreased serum GH and prolactin levels, and reduced the sacrifice rate of GH3 xenograft tumor models without increased systemic side effects. In addition, XL765 in combination with TMZ dramatically decreased phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR as well as the expression of Bcl-2. The increased expression of cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and Bcl-2-associated X protein along with elevated caspase-3/7 activity were also observed in the combination group. Therefore, dual inhibitors of PI3K and mTOR may enhance alkylating agent-mediated cytotoxicity and provide a novel regimen in the treatment of invasive PAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congxin Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
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Hu R, Wang X, Zhan X. Multi-parameter systematic strategies for predictive, preventive and personalised medicine in cancer. EPMA J 2013; 4:2. [PMID: 23339750 PMCID: PMC3564825 DOI: 10.1186/1878-5085-4-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease that causes the alterations in the levels of gene, RNA, protein and metabolite. With the development of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomic techniques, the characterisation of key mutations and molecular pathways responsible for tumour progression has led to the identification of a large number of potential targets. The increasing understanding of molecular carcinogenesis has begun to change paradigms in oncology from traditional single-factor strategy to multi-parameter systematic strategy. The therapeutic model of cancer has changed from adopting the general radiotherapy and chemotherapy to personalised strategy. The development of predictive, preventive and personalised medicine (PPPM) will allow prediction of response with substantially increased accuracy, stratification of particular patient groups and eventual personalisation of medicine. The PPPM will change the approach to tumour diseases from a systematic and comprehensive point of view in the future. Patients will be treated according to the specific molecular profiles that are found in the individual tumour tissue and preferentially with targeted substances, if available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China.
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Walsh K, McKinney MS, Love C, Liu Q, Fan A, Patel A, Smith J, Beaven A, Jima DD, Dave SS. PAK1 mediates resistance to PI3K inhibition in lymphomas. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:1106-15. [PMID: 23300274 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is known to play an active role in many malignancies. The role of PI3K inhibition in the treatment of lymphomas has not been fully delineated. We sought to identify a role for therapeutic PI3K inhibition across a range of B-cell lymphomas. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We selected three small molecule inhibitors to test in a panel of 60 cell lines that comprised diverse lymphoma types. We tested the selective PI3K inhibitor BKM120 and the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors BEZ235 and BGT226 in these cell lines. We applied gene expression profiling to better understand the molecular mechanisms associated with responsiveness to these drugs. RESULTS We found that higher expression of the PAK1 gene was significantly associated with resistance to all three PI3K inhibitors. Through RNA-interference-mediated knockdown of the PAK1 gene, we showed a dramatic increase in the sensitivity to PI3K inhibition. We further tested a small-molecule inhibitor of PAK1 and found significant synergy between PI3K and PAK1 inhibition. CONCLUSION Thus, we show that PI3K inhibition is broadly effective in lymphomas and PAK1 is a key modulator of resistance to PI3K inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Walsh
- Duke Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy and Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Cao Y, Chong Y, Shen H, Zhang M, Huang J, Zhu Y, Zhang Z. Combination of TNF-α and graphene oxide-loaded BEZ235 to enhance apoptosis of PIK3CA mutant colorectal cancer cells. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:5602-5610. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20764a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Chen J. Roles of the PI3K/Akt pathway in Epstein-Barr virus-induced cancers and therapeutic implications. World J Virol 2012; 1:154-61. [PMID: 24175221 PMCID: PMC3782276 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v1.i6.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses have been shown to be responsible for 10%-15% of cancer cases. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the first virus to be associated with human malignancies. EBV can cause many cancers, including Burkett's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and gastric cancer. Evidence shows that phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) plays a key role in EBV-induced malignancies. The main EBV oncoproteins latent membrane proteins (LMP) 1 and LMP2A can activate the PI3K/Akt pathway, which, in turn, affects cell survival, apoptosis, proliferation and genomic instability via its downstream target proteins to cause cancer. It has also been demonstrated that the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway can result in drug resistance to chemotherapy. Thus, the inhibition of this pathway can increase the therapeutic efficacy of EBV-associated cancers. For example, PI3K inhibitor Ly294002 has been shown to increase the effect of 5-fluorouracil in an EBV-associated gastric cancer cell line. At present, dual inhibitors of PI3K and its downstream target mammalian target of rapamycin have been used in clinical trials and may be included in treatment regimens for EBV-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiezhong Chen
- Jiezhong Chen, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, NSW 2522, Australia
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Abstract
Indolent lymphoma comprises a unique and challenging subset of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). While definitions of indolence will vary, the most common indolent NHL subtypes include follicular lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma, and small lymphocytic lymphoma. Patients with indolent NHL (iNHL) excluding those with rare localized presentations are often met with an incurable but highly treatable NHL. In the rituximab era, response rates are approaching 90% with rituximab plus chemotherapy and time to next treatment are beginning to be measured in years. As a result of a prolonged natural history, we are encountering a gridlock of novel regimens and agents that appropriately fill peer-reviewed journals. In this review, we tackle a spectrum of topics in the management of indolent lymphoma including the initial approach to the newly diagnosed patient, approaches to first cytotoxic chemotherapy, maintenance and consolidation techniques, as well as highlight promising treatments on the horizon in iNHL. Clinicians continue to face tough choices in the management of iNHL. Through well-thought out clinical trials and peer-reviewed vetting of data we will continue to determine how to best manage the clinical continuum that is iNHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Lunning
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, Phone: 212-639-3127, Fax: 646-422-2164
| | - Julie M. Vose
- Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 987680 NE Med Center, Omaha, NE, 68198 Phone: 402-559-3848, Fax: 402-559-6520
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Civallero M, Cosenza M, Marcheselli L, Pozzi S, Sacchi S. NVP-BEZ235 alone and in combination in mantle cell lymphoma: an effective therapeutic strategy. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2012; 21:1597-606. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2012.719871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Rosich L, Xargay-Torrent S, López-Guerra M, Campo E, Colomer D, Roué G. Counteracting autophagy overcomes resistance to everolimus in mantle cell lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:5278-89. [PMID: 22879389 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive B-lymphoid neoplasm with poor response to conventional chemotherapy and short survival. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mTOR survival pathway is constitutively activated in MCL cells, thereby making the mTOR inhibition an attractive therapeutic strategy. The first clinical studies of everolimus (RAD001), an mTOR inhibitor, in relapsed MCL patients have reported a significant response. Our aim was to analyze the mechanism related to everolimus resistance/sensitivity in MCL cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Sensitivity to everolimus was analyzed in MCL cell lines and primary MCL cells. Everolimus mechanism of action was determined by flow cytometry and Western blot. Particularly, autophagy was studied by LC3BI/II expression, autophagolysosomes detection by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, and siRNA-mediated gene silencing. RESULTS Everolimus exerted antitumoral effect on MCL cells while sparing normal cells. In MCL cell lines, this phenomenon was associated to G(1) cell-cycle arrest, dephosphorylation of the mTOR downstream targets, 4E-BP1 and S6RP, and rephosphorylation of Akt. A synergistic cytotoxic effect was observed between everolimus and an Akt inhibitor, which overcame the compensatory reactivation within the mTOR signaling pathway. Interestingly, MCL cells with low response to this combination showed high levels of autophagy. Accordingly, selective triple knockdown of the autophagy genes ATG7, ATG5 and ATG3, and pretreatment with the autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine, efficiently overcame the resistance to Akt/mTOR inhibitors, leading to the activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that autophagy induction protects MCL cells from Akt/mTOR targeting and counteracting autophagy may represent an attractive strategy for sensitizing MCL cells to everolimus-based therapy.
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Limon JJ, Fruman DA. Akt and mTOR in B Cell Activation and Differentiation. Front Immunol 2012; 3:228. [PMID: 22888331 PMCID: PMC3412259 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is required for B cell proliferation and survival. PI3K signaling also controls key aspects of B cell differentiation. Upon engagement of the B cell receptor (BCR), PI3K activation promotes Ca2+ mobilization and activation of NFκB-dependent transcription, events which are essential for B cell proliferation. PI3K also initiates a distinct signaling pathway involving the Akt and mTOR serine/threonine kinases. It has been generally assumed that activation of Akt and mTOR downstream of PI3K is essential for B cell function. However, Akt and mTOR have complex roles in B cell fate decisions and suppression of this pathway can enhance certain B cell responses while repressing others. In this review we will discuss genetic and pharmacological studies of Akt and mTOR function in normal B cells, and in malignancies of B cell origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose J Limon
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine Irvine, CA, USA
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Wen PY, Lee EQ, Reardon DA, Ligon KL, Alfred Yung WK. Current clinical development of PI3K pathway inhibitors in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2012; 14:819-29. [PMID: 22619466 PMCID: PMC3379803 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system, and effective therapeutic options are lacking. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is frequently dysregulated in many human cancers, including GBM. Agents inhibiting PI3K and its effectors have demonstrated preliminary activity in various tumor types and have the potential to change the clinical treatment landscape of patients with solid tumors. In this review, we describe the activation of the PI3K pathway in GBM, explore why inhibition of this pathway may be a compelling therapeutic target for this disease, and provide an update of the data on PI3K inhibitors in clinical trials and from earlier investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Y Wen
- Center For Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Kim A, Park S, Lee JE, Jang WS, Lee SJ, Kang HJ, Lee SS. The dual PI3K and mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 exhibits anti-proliferative activity and overcomes bortezomib resistance in mantle cell lymphoma cells. Leuk Res 2012; 36:912-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Dysregulation of fatty acid synthesis and glycolysis in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:11818-23. [PMID: 22752304 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1205995109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic differences between B-NHL and primary human B cells are poorly understood. Among human B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHL), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a unique subset that is linked to infection with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). We report that the metabolic profiles of primary B cells are significantly different from that of PEL. Compared with primary B cells, both aerobic glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis (FAS) are up-regulated in PEL and other types of nonviral B-NHL. We found that aerobic glycolysis and FAS occur in a PI3K-dependent manner and appear to be interdependent. PEL overexpress the fatty acid synthesizing enzyme, FASN, and both PEL and other B-NHL were much more sensitive to the FAS inhibitor, C75, than primary B cells. Our findings suggest that FASN may be a unique candidate for molecular targeted therapy against PEL and other B-NHL.
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Abstract
At present, 150 clinical trials are registered with the National Cancer Institute, which investigate the efficacy of inhibitors of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway against multiple cancers. Efficacy varies not so much with drug action, but with tumor type, as different cancer types (and different pre-clinical models) exhibit widely differing susceptibilities to mTOR inhibitors, such as rapamycin. Viral cancers appear to be among the most mTOR-addicted and most rapamycin-sensitive cancers. We discuss the different mTOR inhibitors that are currently available and in clinical trials. We also speculate how the molecular makeup of viral cancers could guide the selection and use of known and novel mTOR inhibitors to treat virus-associated malignancies.
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Abstract
Obesity is increasing worldwide and reaches to a large proportion of the population in developed countries. Thus, obesity-associated cancer has become a major health problem. Multiple cancer risk factors in obesity have been identified including insulin/insulin-like growth factor axis, adipokines and cytokines; and multiple intracellular signal pathways have been studied. However, the role of each signal pathway in obesity-associated cancer is controversial. In this review, the recent studies on signal pathways in obesity-associated cancer are summarized and a unified explanation is provided. Multiple risk factors could initially activate phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K/Akt), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathways. With increased severity of obesity, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which is down-stream of both PI3K/Akt and MAPK, is highly activated. Activated mTOR in turn inhibits the PI3K/Akt pathway and further activates the STAT3 pathway. This may explain the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway at the early stage of obesity and its inhibition at the later stage. mTOR inhibition may be used for cancer therapy, but it may be necessary to be combined with the PI3K/Akt inhibitor as decreased mTOR activity will release its feedback inhibition on the PI3K/Akt pathway, which is under the influence of multiple cancer risk factors in obesity. Thus, dual inhibitors of PI3K and mTOR may provide a novel approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
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50
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Roper J, Richardson MP, Wang WV, Richard LG, Chen W, Coffee EM, Sinnamon MJ, Lee L, Chen PC, Bronson RT, Martin ES, Hung KE. The dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 induces tumor regression in a genetically engineered mouse model of PIK3CA wild-type colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25132. [PMID: 21966435 PMCID: PMC3180374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To examine the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 in treatment of PIK3CA wild-type colorectal cancer (CRC). Experimental Design PIK3CA mutant and wild-type human CRC cell lines were treated in vitro with NVP-BEZ235, and the resulting effects on proliferation, apoptosis, and signaling were assessed. Colonic tumors from a genetically engineered mouse (GEM) model for sporadic wild-type PIK3CA CRC were treated in vivo with NVP-BEZ235. The resulting effects on macroscopic tumor growth/regression, proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and signaling were examined. Results In vitro treatment of CRC cell lines with NVP-BEZ235 resulted in transient PI3K blockade, sustained decreases in mTORC1/mTORC2 signaling, and a corresponding decrease in cell viability (median IC50 = 9.0–14.3 nM). Similar effects were seen in paired isogenic CRC cell lines that differed only in the presence or absence of an activating PIK3CA mutant allele. In vivo treatment of colonic tumor-bearing mice with NVP-BEZ235 resulted in transient PI3K inhibition and sustained blockade of mTORC1/mTORC2 signaling. Longitudinal tumor surveillance by optical colonoscopy demonstrated a 97% increase in tumor size in control mice (p = 0.01) vs. a 43% decrease (p = 0.008) in treated mice. Ex vivo analysis of the NVP-BEZ235-treated tumors demonstrated a 56% decrease in proliferation (p = 0.003), no effects on apoptosis, and a 75% reduction in angiogenesis (p = 0.013). Conclusions These studies provide the preclinical rationale for studies examining the efficacy of the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 in treatment of PIK3CA wild-type CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Roper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael P. Richardson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Wei Vivian Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Larissa Georgeon Richard
- Department of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Wei Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Erin M. Coffee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Sinnamon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lydia Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Peng-Chieh Chen
- Department of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Roderick T. Bronson
- Dana Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eric S. Martin
- Dana Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kenneth E. Hung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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