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Leopizzi M, Mundo L, Messina E, Campolo F, Lazzi S, Angeloni A, Marchese C, Leoncini L, Giordano C, Slack F, Trivedi P, Anastasiadou E. Epstein-Barr virus-encoded EBNA2 downregulates ICOSL by inducing miR-24 in B-cell lymphoma. Blood 2024; 143:429-443. [PMID: 37847858 PMCID: PMC10862363 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Hematological malignancies such as Burkitt lymphoma (BL), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cause significant morbidity in humans. A substantial number of these lymphomas, particularly HL and DLBCLs have poorer prognosis because of their association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Our earlier studies have shown that EBV-encoded nuclear antigen (EBNA2) upregulates programmed cell death ligand 1 in DLBCL and BLs by downregulating microRNA-34a. Here, we investigated whether EBNA2 affects the inducible costimulator (ICOS) ligand (ICOSL), a molecule required for efficient recognition of tumor cells by T cells through the engagement of ICOS on the latter. In virus-infected and EBNA2-transfected B-lymphoma cells, ICOSL expression was reduced. Our investigation of the molecular mechanisms revealed that this was due to an increase in microRNA-24 (miR-24) by EBNA2. By using ICOSL 3' untranslated region-luciferase reporter system, we validated that ICOSL is an authentic miR-24 target. Transfection of anti-miR-24 molecules in EBNA2-expressing lymphoma cells reconstituted ICOSL expression and increased tumor immunogenicity in mixed lymphocyte reactions. Because miR-24 is known to target c-MYC, an oncoprotein positively regulated by EBNA2, we analyzed its expression in anti-miR-24 transfected lymphoma cells. Indeed, the reduction of miR-24 in EBNA2-expressing DLBCL further elevated c-MYC and increased apoptosis. Consistent with the in vitro data, EBNA2-positive DLBCL biopsies expressed low ICOSL and high miR-24. We suggest that EBV evades host immune responses through EBNA2 by inducing miR-24 to reduce ICOSL expression, and for simultaneous rheostatic maintenance of proproliferative c-MYC levels. Overall, these data identify miR-24 as a potential therapeutically relevant target in EBV-associated lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Leopizzi
- Department of Medico-surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
| | - Lucia Mundo
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Campolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Lazzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Antonio Angeloni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Marchese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Leoncini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Carla Giordano
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Frank Slack
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Pankaj Trivedi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleni Anastasiadou
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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2
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Bauer AN, Majumdar N, Williams F, Rajput S, Pokhrel LR, Cook PP, Akula SM. MicroRNAs: Small but Key Players in Viral Infections and Immune Responses to Viral Pathogens. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1334. [PMID: 37887044 PMCID: PMC10604607 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) in C. elegans in 1993, the field of miRNA research has grown steeply. These single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules canonically work at the post-transcriptional phase to regulate protein expression. miRNAs are known to regulate viral infection and the ensuing host immune response. Evolving research suggests miRNAs are assets in the discovery and investigation of therapeutics and diagnostics. In this review, we succinctly summarize the latest findings in (i) mechanisms underpinning miRNA regulation of viral infection, (ii) miRNA regulation of host immune response to viral pathogens, (iii) miRNA-based diagnostics and therapeutics targeting viral pathogens and challenges, and (iv) miRNA patents and the market landscape. Our findings show the differential expression of miRNA may serve as a prognostic biomarker for viral infections in regard to predicting the severity or adverse health effects associated with viral diseases. While there is huge market potential for miRNA technology, the novel approach of using miRNA mimics to enhance antiviral activity or antagonists to inhibit pro-viral miRNAs has been an ongoing research endeavor. Significant hurdles remain in terms of miRNA delivery, stability, efficacy, safety/tolerability, and specificity. Addressing these challenges may pave a path for harnessing the full potential of miRNAs in modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anais N. Bauer
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; (A.N.B.); (N.M.); (F.W.)
| | - Niska Majumdar
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; (A.N.B.); (N.M.); (F.W.)
| | - Frank Williams
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; (A.N.B.); (N.M.); (F.W.)
| | - Smit Rajput
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
| | - Lok R. Pokhrel
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
| | - Paul P. Cook
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
| | - Shaw M. Akula
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; (A.N.B.); (N.M.); (F.W.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
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Akyüz N, Janjetovic S, Ghandili S, Bokemeyer C, Dierlamm J. EBV and 1q Gains Affect Gene and miRNA Expression in Burkitt Lymphoma. Viruses 2023; 15:1808. [PMID: 37766215 PMCID: PMC10537407 DOI: 10.3390/v15091808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities of the long arm of chromosome 1 (1q) represent the most frequent secondary chromosomal aberrations in Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and are observed almost exclusively in EBV-negative BL cell lines (BL-CLs). To verify chromosomal abnormalities, we cytogenetically investigated EBV-negative BL patient material, and to elucidate the 1q gain impact on gene expression, we performed qPCR with six 1q-resident genes and analyzed miRNA expression in BL-CLs. We observed 1q aberrations in the form of duplications, inverted duplications, isodicentric chromosome idic(1)(q10), and the accumulation of 1q12 breakpoints, and we assigned 1q21.2-q32 as a commonly gained region in EBV-negative BL patients. We detected MCL1, ARNT, MLLT11, PDBXIP1, and FCRL5, and 64 miRNAs, showing EBV- and 1q-gain-dependent dysregulation in BL-CLs. We observed MCL1, MLLT11, PDBXIP1, and 1q-resident miRNAs, hsa-miR-9, hsa-miR-9*, hsa-miR-92b, hsa-miR-181a, and hsa-miR-181b, showing copy-number-dependent upregulation in BL-CLs with 1q gains. MLLT11, hsa-miR-181a, hsa-miR-181b, and hsa-miR-183 showed exclusive 1q-gains-dependent and FCRL5, hsa-miR-21, hsa-miR-155, hsa-miR-155*, hsa-miR-221, and hsa-miR-222 showed exclusive EBV-dependent upregulation. We confirmed previous data, e.g., regarding the EBV dependence of hsa-miR-17-92 cluster members, and obtained detailed information considering 1q gains in EBV-negative and EBV-positive BL-CLs. Altogether, our data provide evidence for a non-random involvement of 1q gains in BL and contribute to enlightening and understanding the EBV-negative and EBV-positive BL pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Judith Dierlamm
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (N.A.); (S.J.); (S.G.); (C.B.)
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4
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Sen A, Enriquez J, Rao M, Glass M, Balachandran Y, Syed S, Twist CJ, Weinberg K, Boyd SD, Bernstein D, Trickey AW, Gratzinger D, Tan B, Lapasaran MG, Robien MA, Brown M, Armstrong B, Desai D, Mazariegos G, Chin C, Fishbein TM, Venick RS, Tekin A, Zimmermann H, Trappe RU, Anagnostopoulos I, Esquivel CO, Martinez OM, Krams SM. Host microRNAs are decreased in pediatric solid-organ transplant recipients during EBV+ Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder. Front Immunol 2022; 13:994552. [PMID: 36304469 PMCID: PMC9595046 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.994552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a serious complication of solid organ transplantation. Predisposing factors include primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, reactivation of EBV in recipient B cells, and decreased T cell immunity due to immunosuppression. In our previous studies EBV infection was demonstrated to markedly alter the expression of host B cell microRNA (miR). Specifically, miR-194 expression was uniquely suppressed in EBV+ B cell lines from PTLD patients and the 3’untranslated region of IL-10 was determined to be targeted by miR-194. Although EBV has been shown to regulate host miR expression in B cell lymphoma cell lines, the expression of miRs in the circulation of patients with EBV-associated PTLD has not been studied. The objective of this study was to determine if changes in miR expression are associated with EBV+ PTLD. In this study, we have shown that miR-194 is significantly decreased in EBV+PTLD tumors and that additional miRs, including miRs-17, 19 and 106a are also reduced in EBV+PTLD as compared to EBV-PTLD. We quantitated the levels of miRs-17, 19, 106a, 155, and 194 in the plasma and extracellular vesicles (EV; 50-70 nm as determined by nanoparticle tracking analysis) from pediatric recipients of solid organ transplants with EBV+ PTLD+ that were matched 1:2 with EBV+ PTLD- pediatric transplant recipients as part of the NIH-sponsored Clinical Trials in Organ Transplantation in Children, (CTOTC-06) study. Levels of miRs-17, 19, 106a, and 194 were reduced in the plasma and extracellular vesicles (EV) of EBV+ PTLD+ group compared to matched controls, with miRs-17 (p = 0.034; plasma), miRs-19 (p = 0.029; EV) and miR-106a (p = 0.007; plasma and EV) being significantly reduced. Similar levels of miR-155 were detected in the plasma and EV of all pediatric SOT recipients. Importantly, ~90% of the cell-free miR were contained within the EV supporting that EBV+ PTLD tumor miR are detected in the circulation and suggesting that EVs, containing miRs, may have the potential to target and regulate cells of the immune system. Further development of diagnostic, mechanistic and potential therapeutic uses of the miRs in PTLD is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayantika Sen
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jeanna Enriquez
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mahil Rao
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Marla Glass
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Yarl Balachandran
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Sharjeel Syed
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Clare J. Twist
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Kenneth Weinberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Scott D. Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Amber W. Trickey
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Dita Gratzinger
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Brent Tan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mary Gay Lapasaran
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mark A. Robien
- Division of Allergy Immunity Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Merideth Brown
- Division of Allergy Immunity Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Brian Armstrong
- Rho Federal Systems Division, Rho, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Dev Desai
- Division of Surgical Transplantation, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - George Mazariegos
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children’s Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Clifford Chin
- Department of Pediatrics and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Thomas M. Fishbein
- Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Robert S. Venick
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Akin Tekin
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Heiner Zimmermann
- Department of Internal Medicine II: Hematology and Oncology, DIAKO Ev. Diakoniekrankenhaus, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ralf U. Trappe
- Department of Internal Medicine II: Hematology and Oncology, DIAKO Ev. Diakoniekrankenhaus, Bremen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II: Hematology and Oncology , University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Carlos O. Esquivel
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Olivia M. Martinez
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Sheri M. Krams
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Sheri M. Krams,
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5
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Skalsky RL. MicroRNA-mediated control of Epstein-Barr virus infection and potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Curr Opin Virol 2022; 56:101272. [PMID: 36242893 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Herpesviruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), encode multiple viral microRNAs that are expressed throughout various infection stages. While much progress has been made in evaluating both the viral and host microRNAs (miRNAs) that are detected during infection as well as elucidating their molecular targets in vitro, our understanding of their contributions to pathogenesis in vivo, viral oncogenesis, and clinical implications for these small molecules remains limited. miRNAs are widely recognized as key regulators of global cellular processes, including apoptosis, cell differentiation, and development of immune responses. This review discusses the roles of miRNAs in EBV infection and current advances in miRNA-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies potentially applicable toward EBV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Skalsky
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA.
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6
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Albanese M, Tagawa T, Hammerschmidt W. Strategies of Epstein-Barr virus to evade innate antiviral immunity of its human host. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:955603. [PMID: 35935191 PMCID: PMC9355577 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.955603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. This virus preferentially infects human primary B cells and persists in the human B cell compartment for a lifetime. Latent EBV infection can lead to the development of different types of lymphomas as well as carcinomas such as nasopharyngeal and gastric carcinoma in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. The early phase of viral infection is crucial for EBV to establish latency, but different viral components are sensed by cellular sensors called pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) as the first line of host defense. The efficacy of innate immunity, in particular the interferon-mediated response, is critical to control viral infection initially and to trigger a broad spectrum of specific adaptive immune responses against EBV later. Despite these restrictions, the virus has developed various strategies to evade the immune reaction of its host and to establish its lifelong latency. In its different phases of infection, EBV expresses up to 44 different viral miRNAs. Some act as viral immunoevasins because they have been shown to counteract innate as well as adaptive immune responses. Similarly, certain virally encoded proteins also control antiviral immunity. In this review, we discuss how the virus governs innate immune responses of its host and exploits them to its advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Albanese
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare, “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi,” Milan, Italy
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, EBV Vaccine Development Unit, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Takanobu Tagawa
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, EBV Vaccine Development Unit, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Wolfgang Hammerschmidt
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, EBV Vaccine Development Unit, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Wolfgang Hammerschmidt,
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7
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Sadri Nahand J, Rabiei N, Fathazam R, Taghizadieh M, Ebrahimi MS, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Bannazadeh Baghi H, Khatami A, Abbasi-Kolli M, Mirzaei HR, Rahimian N, Darvish M, Mirzaei H. Oncogenic viruses and chemoresistance: What do we know? Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105730. [PMID: 34119621 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance is often referred to as a major leading reason for cancer therapy failure, causing cancer relapse and further metastasis. As a result, an urgent need has been raised to reach a full comprehension of chemoresistance-associated molecular pathways, thereby designing new therapy methods. Many of metastatic tumor masses are found to be related with a viral cause. Although combined therapy is perceived as the model role therapy in such cases, chemoresistant features, which is more common in viral carcinogenesis, often get into way of this kind of therapy, minimizing the chance of survival. Some investigations indicate that the infecting virus dominates other leading factors, i.e., genetic alternations and tumor microenvironment, in development of cancer cell chemoresistance. Herein, we have gathered the available evidence on the mechanisms under which oncogenic viruses cause drug-resistance in chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javid Sadri Nahand
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikta Rabiei
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Fathazam
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghizadieh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Center for Women's Health Research Zahra, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeid Ebrahimi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - AliReza Khatami
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abbasi-Kolli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Neda Rahimian
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Darvish
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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8
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Chen Q, Liu S, Zhang K, Yu B, Zhang W, Zhang H, Chen X. Hsa-miR-372-5p regulates the NIMA related kinase 7 and IL-1β release in NK/T-cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 62:2648-2656. [PMID: 34080953 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1933472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is prevalent and associated with distinct diseases including infectious mononucleosis (IM), chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV) and NK/T-cell lymphoma (NKTL). However, the specific roles of EBV in these diseases remain unclear. Here, the whole miRNA expression datasets derived from 7 IM, 6 CAEBV, and 3 NKTL biopsies were obtained. Homo sapiens microRNA-372-5p (Hsa-miR-372-5p) was upregulated in both CAEBV and NKTL patients. Overexpression of hsa-miR-372-5p altered the expression of over 100 proteins. In addition, hsa-miR-372-5p may target NIMA related kinase 7 to regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation in host cell. Taken together, we reported different miRNA expression profiles in distinct EBV associated diseases, which provided novel insights to understand how host miRNAs contribute to the mechanism of EBV associated diseases. Hsa-miR-372-5p, as well as other differential expressed miRNA, might serve as potential targets in the therapy of various EBV associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Department of Hematology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shenglin Liu
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, China.,Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaoyuan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaofan Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
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9
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Ten Bosch GJA, Bolk J, 't Hart BA, Laman JD. Multiple sclerosis is linked to MAPK ERK overactivity in microglia. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1033-1042. [PMID: 33948692 PMCID: PMC8313465 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02080-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Reassessment of published observations in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) suggests a microglial malfunction due to inappropriate (over)activity of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway ERK (MAPKERK). These observations regard biochemistry as well as epigenetics, and all indicate involvement of this pathway. Recent preclinical research on neurodegeneration already pointed towards a role of MAPK pathways, in particular MAPKERK. This is important as microglia with overactive MAPK have been identified to disturb local oligodendrocytes which can lead to locoregional demyelination, hallmark of MS. This constitutes a new concept on pathophysiology of MS, besides the prevailing view, i.e., autoimmunity. Acknowledged risk factors for MS, such as EBV infection, hypovitaminosis D, and smoking, all downregulate MAPKERK negative feedback phosphatases that normally regulate MAPKERK activity. Consequently, these factors may contribute to inappropriate MAPKERK overactivity, and thereby to neurodegeneration. Also, MAPKERK overactivity in microglia, as a factor in the pathophysiology of MS, could explain ongoing neurodegeneration in MS patients despite optimized immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory treatment. Currently, for these patients with progressive disease, no effective treatment exists. In such refractory MS, targeting the cause of overactive MAPKERK in microglia merits further investigation as this phenomenon may imply a novel treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J A Ten Bosch
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Jolande Bolk
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Bert A 't Hart
- Department Anatomy and Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jon D Laman
- Department Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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10
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Abstract
Antigen recognition by the B cell receptor (BCR) is a physiological trigger for reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and can be recapitulated in vitro by cross-linking of surface immunoglobulins. Previously, we identified a subset of EBV microRNAs (miRNAs) that attenuate BCR signal transduction and subsequently dampen lytic reactivation in B cells. The roles of host miRNAs in the EBV lytic cycle are not completely understood. Here, we profiled the small RNAs in reactivated Burkitt lymphoma cells and identified several miRNAs, such as miR-141, that are induced upon BCR cross-linking. Notably, EBV encodes a viral miRNA, miR-BART9, with sequence homology to miR-141. To better understand the functions of these two miRNAs, we examined their molecular targets and experimentally validated multiple candidates commonly regulated by both miRNAs. Targets included B cell transcription factors and known regulators of EBV immediate-early genes, leading us to hypothesize that these miRNAs modulate kinetics of the lytic cascade in B cells. Through functional assays, we identified roles for miR-141 and EBV miR-BART9 and one specific target, FOXO3, in progression of the lytic cycle. Our data support a model whereby EBV exploits BCR-responsive miR-141 and further mimics activity of this miRNA family via a viral miRNA to promote productive lytic replication. IMPORTANCE EBV is a human pathogen associated with several malignancies. A key aspect of lifelong virus persistence is the ability to switch between latent and lytic replication modes. The mechanisms governing latency, reactivation, and progression of the lytic cycle are only partly understood. This study reveals that specific miRNAs can act to support the EBV lytic phase following BCR-mediated reactivation triggers. Furthermore, this study identifies a role for FOXO3, commonly suppressed by both host and viral miRNAs, in modulating progression of the EBV lytic cycle.
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11
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Zhao R, Luo S, Zhao C. The role of innate immunity in myasthenia gravis. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102800. [PMID: 33722749 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a T cell-driven, B cell-mediated and autoantibody-dependent autoimmune disorder against neuromuscular junctions (NMJ). Accumulated evidence has emerged regarding the role of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of MG. In this review, we proposed two hypothesis underlying the pathological mechanism. In the context of gene predisposition, on the one hand, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) pathways were initiated by viral infection in the thymus with MG to generate chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Type I interferon (IFN), which facilitate the thymus to function as a tertiary lymphoid organ (TLO). On the another hand, the antibodies against acetylcholine receptors (AChR) generated by thymus then activated the classical pathways on thymus and neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Futher, we also highlight the role of innate immune cells in the pathogenic response. Finally, we provide some future perspectives in developing new therapeutic approaches particularly targeting the innate immunity for MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan hospital Fudan University, 200040 Shanghai, China
| | - Sushan Luo
- Department of Neurology, Huashan hospital Fudan University, 200040 Shanghai, China
| | - Chongbo Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan hospital Fudan University, 200040 Shanghai, China.
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12
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Gougousis S, Mouchtaropoulou E, Besli I, Vrochidis P, Skoumpas I, Constantinidis I. HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Cancer and Biomarkers Based on Epigenetics and Microbiome Profile. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:625330. [PMID: 33521000 PMCID: PMC7841258 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.625330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
H uman papillomavirus (HPV) is considered the main cause of the increasing incidence rates of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), and soon, the global burden of HPV-related OPSCC is predicted to exceed that of cervical cancer. Moreover, a different molecular profile for HPV-related OPSCC has been described, opening new promising targeted therapies and immunotherapy approaches. Epigenetic and microbiome-based exploration of biomarkers has gained growing interest with a view to the primary oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) screening. Understanding the role of the epigenetic mechanism and the changes that occur during pathogenesis shows appreciable progress in recent years. The different methylation status of DNA and miRNAs demonstrates the value of possible biomarkers discriminating even in different stages of dysplasia. Through whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, differentially methylated regions (DMRs) hold the key to recover missing information. O n the other hand, the microbiota investigation signifies a new biomarker approach for the evaluation of OPC. Along with known cofactors playing a major role in microbiota differentiation, HPV-related cases must be explored further for better understanding. The dynamic approach of the shotgun metagenomic sequencing will robustly fill the gap especially in species/strain level and consequently to biomarker detection. The constantly growing incidence of HPV-related OPC should lead us in further investigation and understanding of the unique features of the disease, more accurate diagnostic methods, along with the development and implementation of new, targeted therapies. This paper comprehensively reviews the significance of biomarkers based on epigenetics and microbiome profile in the accuracy of the diagnosis of the HPV-related cancer in the oropharynx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Gougousis
- GH "G. Papanikolaou," ENT, Head and Neck Department, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Ioanna Besli
- GH "G. Papanikolaou," ENT, Head and Neck Department, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Ioannis Skoumpas
- GH "G. Papanikolaou," ENT, Head and Neck Department, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Constantinidis
- 1st Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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13
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Anastasiadou E, Seto AG, Beatty X, Hermreck M, Gilles ME, Stroopinsky D, Pinter-Brown LC, Pestano L, Marchese C, Avigan D, Trivedi P, Escolar DM, Jackson AL, Slack FJ. Cobomarsen, an Oligonucleotide Inhibitor of miR-155, Slows DLBCL Tumor Cell Growth In Vitro and In Vivo. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 27:1139-1149. [PMID: 33208342 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-3139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE miRNA-155 is an oncogenic miRNA highly expressed in B-cell malignancies, particularly in the non-germinal center B-cell or activated B-cell subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL), where it is considered a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. Thus, miR-155 inhibition represents an important therapeutic strategy for B-cell lymphomas. In this study, we tested the efficacy and pharmacodynamic activity of an oligonucleotide inhibitor of miR-155, cobomarsen, in ABC-DLBCL cell lines and in corresponding xenograft mouse models. In addition, we assessed the therapeutic efficacy and safety of cobomarsen in a patient diagnosed with aggressive ABC-DLBCL. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Preclinical studies included the delivery of cobomarsen to highly miR-155-expressing ABC-DLBCL cell lines to assess any phenotypic changes, as well as intravenous injections of cobomarsen in NSG mice carrying ABC-DLBCL xenografts, to study tumor growth and pharmacodynamics of the compound over time. To begin to test its safety and therapeutic efficacy, a patient was recruited who underwent five cycles of cobomarsen treatment. RESULTS Cobomarsen decreased cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in ABC-DLBCL cell lines. Intravenous administration of cobomarsen in a xenograft NSG mouse model of ABC-DLBCL reduced tumor volume, triggered apoptosis, and derepressed direct miR-155 target genes. Finally, the compound reduced and stabilized tumor growth without any toxic effects for the patient. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the potential therapeutic application of cobomarsen in ABC-DLBCL and other types of lymphoma with elevated miR-155 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Anastasiadou
- HMS Initiative for RNA Medicine, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | | | - Xuan Beatty
- miRagen Therapeutics, Inc, Boulder, Colorado
| | | | - Maud-Emmanuelle Gilles
- HMS Initiative for RNA Medicine, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dina Stroopinsky
- Department of Hematology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lauren C Pinter-Brown
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | | | - Cinzia Marchese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - David Avigan
- Department of Hematology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pankaj Trivedi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Frank J Slack
- HMS Initiative for RNA Medicine, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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14
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Li J, Zou J, Wan X, Sun C, Peng F, Chu Z, Hu Y. The Role of Noncoding RNAs in B-Cell Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:577890. [PMID: 33194698 PMCID: PMC7645065 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.577890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, emerging evidence has suggested that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) participate in nearly every aspect of biological processes and play a crucial role in the genesis and progression of numerous tumors, including B-cell lymphoma. The exploration of ncRNA dysregulations and their functions in B-cell lymphoma provides new insights into lymphoma pathogenesis and is essential for indicating future clinical trials and optimizing the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize the role of ncRNAs in B-cell lymphoma and discuss their potential in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Li
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zou
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wan
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyan Sun
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Peng
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhangbo Chu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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15
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Moss LI, Tompkins VS, Moss WN. Differential expression analysis comparing EBV uninfected to infected human cell lines identifies induced non-micro small non-coding RNAs. Noncoding RNA Res 2020; 5:32-36. [PMID: 32154466 PMCID: PMC7052066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human herpes virus, which is implicated in cancer and various autoimmune diseases. This study profiles non-micro small non-coding RNA expression changes induced by latent EBV infection. Using small RNA-Seq, 346 non-micro small RNAs were identified as being significantly differentially expressed between EBV(+) BJAB-B1 and EBV(−) BJAB cell lines. Select small RNA expression changes were experimentally validated in the BJAB-B1 cell line as well as the EBV-infected Raji and Jijoye cell lines. This latter analysis recapitulated the previously identified induction of vault RNA1, while also finding novel evidence for the deregulation of several tRNAs and a snoRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumbini I Moss
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Van S Tompkins
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Walter N Moss
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
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16
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Bortone F, Scandiffio L, Marcuzzo S, Bonanno S, Frangiamore R, Motta T, Antozzi C, Mantegazza R, Cavalcante P, Bernasconi P. miR-146a in Myasthenia Gravis Thymus Bridges Innate Immunity With Autoimmunity and Is Linked to Therapeutic Effects of Corticosteroids. Front Immunol 2020; 11:142. [PMID: 32210951 PMCID: PMC7075812 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated innate immune responses are critically involved in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis (MG), an autoimmune disorder affecting neuromuscular junction mainly mediated by antiacetylcholine receptor antibodies. Considerable evidence indicate that uncontrolled TLR activation and chronic inflammation significantly contribute to hyperplastic changes and germinal center (GC) formation in the MG thymus, ultimately leading to autoantibody production and autoimmunity. miR-146a is a key modulator of innate immunity, whose dysregulation has been associated with autoimmune diseases. It acts as inhibitor of TLR pathways, mainly by targeting the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling transducers, interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6); miR-146a is also able to target c-REL, inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS), and Fas cell surface death receptor (FAS), known to regulate B-cell function and GC response. Herein, we investigated the miR-146a contribution to the intrathymic MG pathogenesis. By real-time PCR, we found that miR-146a expression was significantly downregulated in hyperplastic MG compared to control thymuses; contrariwise, IRAK1, TRAF6, c-REL, and ICOS messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were upregulated and negatively correlated with miR-146a levels. Microdissection experiments revealed that miR-146a deficiency in hyperplastic MG thymuses was not due to GCs, but restricted to the GC-surrounding medulla, characterized by IRAK1 overexpression. We also showed higher c-REL and ICOS mRNA levels, and lower FAS mRNA levels, in GCs than in the remaining medulla, according to the contribution of these molecules in GC formation. By double immunofluorescence, an increased proportion of IRAK1-expressing dendritic cells and macrophages was found in hyperplastic MG compared to control thymuses, along with GC immunoreactivity for c-REL. Interestingly, in corticosteroid-treated MG patients intrathymic miR-146a and mRNA target levels were comparable to those of controls, suggesting that immunosuppressive therapy may restore the microRNA (miRNA) levels. Indeed, an effect of prednisone on miR-146a expression was demonstrated in vitro on peripheral blood cells. Serum miR-146a levels were lower in MG patients compared to controls, indicating dysregulation of the circulating miRNA. Our overall findings strongly suggest that defective miR-146a expression could contribute to persistent TLR activation, lack of inflammation resolution, and hyperplastic changes in MG thymuses, thus linking TLR-mediated innate immunity to B-cell-mediated autoimmunity. Furthermore, they unraveled a new mechanism of action of corticosteroids in inducing control of autoimmunity in MG via miR-146a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Bortone
- Neurology IV-Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Scandiffio
- Neurology IV-Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Marcuzzo
- Neurology IV-Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Bonanno
- Neurology IV-Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Frangiamore
- Neurology IV-Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Teresio Motta
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, ASST-Bergamo Est Ospedale Bolognini Seriate, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Carlo Antozzi
- Neurology IV-Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Renato Mantegazza
- Neurology IV-Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Cavalcante
- Neurology IV-Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Pia Bernasconi
- Neurology IV-Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
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17
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Iizasa H, Kim H, Kartika AV, Kanehiro Y, Yoshiyama H. Role of Viral and Host microRNAs in Immune Regulation of Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:367. [PMID: 32194570 PMCID: PMC7062708 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an oncogenic human herpes virus that was discovered in 1964. Viral non-coding RNAs, such as BamHI-A rightward fragment-derived microRNAs (BART miRNAs) or BamHI-H rightward fragment 1-derived miRNAs (BHRF1 miRNA) in EBV-infected cells have been recently reported. Host miRNAs are also upregulated upon EBV infection. Viral and host miRNAs are important in maintaining viral infection and evasion of host immunity. Although miRNAs in EBV-infected cells often promote cell proliferation by targeting apoptosis or cell cycle, this review focuses on the regulation of the recognition of the host immune system. This review firstly describes the location and organization of two clusters of viral miRNAs, then describes evasion from host immune surveillance systems by modulating viral gene expression or inhibiting innate and acquired immunity by viral miRNAs as well as host miRNAs. Another topic is the enigmatic depletion of viral miRNAs in several types of EBV-infected tumor cells. Finally, this review introduces the strong correlation of nasopharyngeal cancer cases with a newly identified single nucleotide polymorphism that enhances BART miRNA promoter activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Iizasa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan
| | - Hyoji Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan
| | - Andy Visi Kartika
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kanehiro
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan
| | - Hironori Yoshiyama
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan
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18
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Li J, Lv H, Che YQ. Long non-coding RNA Gas5 potentiates the effects of microRNA-21 downregulation in response to ischaemic brain injury. Neuroscience 2020; 437:87-97. [PMID: 31982471 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Brain ischaemia, which can cause severe nerve injury, is a global health challenge. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) growth-arrest specific 5 (Gas5) has been documented to exert tumour suppressive effects in several cancers. However, its role in cerebrovascular disease still requires further investigation. Therefore, in this study, we focused on the role of lncRNA regulatory signalling related to lncRNA Gas5 in ischaemic brain injury. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was employed as a model of ischaemic brain injury in rats. The expression of lncRNA Gas5 and microRNA-21 (miR-21) was altered in neurons to elucidate their effects in ischaemic brain injury and to identify the interactions among lncRNA Gas5, miR-21 and Pten. The neuronal survival rate, apoptosis and the expression of phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signalling pathway-related genes were also evaluated in vitro to determine the effects of lncRNA Gas5. In the brains of rats subjected to MCAO, the expression of lncRNA Gas5 and Pten was upregulated, while miR-21 was downregulated. LncRNA Gas5 inhibited miR-21 expression, leading to elevated levels of Pten. In vitro experiments revealed that lncRNA Gas5 depletion and miR-21 elevation resulted in the suppression of neuronal apoptosis, thus promoting neuronal survival via the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. These findings demonstrate that lncRNA Gas5 increases miR-21 and activates Pten, contributing to the development of ischaemic brain injury, supporting the silencing of lncRNA Gas5 as a possible therapeutic target for the treatment of ischaemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, PR China
| | - Hui Lv
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, PR China
| | - Yu-Qin Che
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, PR China.
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19
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Mohammed EM. Environmental Influencers, MicroRNA, and Multiple Sclerosis. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2020; 12:1179573519894955. [PMID: 32009827 PMCID: PMC6971968 DOI: 10.1177/1179573519894955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurological disorder characterized by an aberrant immune system that affects patients' quality of life. Several environmental factors have previously been proposed to associate with MS pathophysiology, including vitamin D deficiency, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, and cigarette smoking. These factors may influence cellular molecularity, interfering with cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. This review argues that small noncoding RNA named microRNA (miRNA) influences these factors' mode of action. Dysregulation in the miRNAs network may deeply impact cellular hemostasis, thereby possibly resulting in MS pathogenicity. This article represents a literature review and an author's theory of how environmental factors may induce dysregulations in the miRNAs network, which could ultimately affect MS pathogenicity.
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20
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Nahand JS, Karimzadeh MR, Nezamnia M, Fatemipour M, Khatami A, Jamshidi S, Moghoofei M, Taghizadieh M, Hajighadimi S, Shafiee A, Sadeghian M, Bokharaei-Salim F, Mirzaei H. The role of miR-146a in viral infection. IUBMB Life 2019; 72:343-360. [PMID: 31889417 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellular microRNAs (miRNAs) were identified as a key player in the posttranscriptional regulation of cellular-genes regulatory pathways. They also emerged as a significant regulator of the immune response. In particular, miR-146a acts as an importance modulator of function and differentiation cells of the innate and adaptive immunity. It has been associated with disorder including cancer and viral infections. Given its significance in the regulation of key cellular processes, it is not surprising which virus infection have found ways to dysregulation of miRNAs. miR-146a has been identified in exosomes (exosomal miR-146a). After the exosomes release from donor cells, they are taken up by the recipient cell and probably the exosomal miR-146a is able to modulate the antiviral response in the recipient cell and result in making them more susceptible to virus infection. In this review, we discuss recent reports regarding miR-146a expression levels, target genes, function, and contributing role in the pathogenesis of the viral infection and provide a clue to develop the new therapeutic and preventive strategies for viral disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javid Sadri Nahand
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Karimzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Maria Nezamnia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Maryam Fatemipour
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Khatami
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sogol Jamshidi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moghoofei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghizadieh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Center for Women's Health Research Zahra, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sarah Hajighadimi
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alimohammad Shafiee
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mohammad Sadeghian
- Orthopedic Surgeon Fellowship of Spine Surgery, Sasan General Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farah Bokharaei-Salim
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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21
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Hatton O, Smith MM, Alexander M, Mandell M, Sherman C, Stesney MW, Hui ST, Dohrn G, Medrano J, Ringwalt K, Harris-Arnold A, Maloney EM, Krams SM, Martinez OM. Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein 1 Regulates Host B Cell MicroRNA-155 and Its Target FOXO3a via PI3K p110α Activation. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2692. [PMID: 32038504 PMCID: PMC6988802 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is associated with potentially fatal lymphoproliferations such as post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD), a serious complication of transplantation. The viral mechanisms underlying the development and maintenance of EBV+ B cell lymphomas remain elusive but represent attractive therapeutic targets. EBV modulates the expression of host microRNAs (miRs), non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, to promote survival of EBV+ B cell lymphomas. Here, we examined how the primary oncogene of EBV, latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), regulates host miRs using an established model of inducible LMP1 signaling. LMP1 derived from the B95.8 lab strain or PTLD induced expression of the oncogene miR-155. However, PTLD variant LMP1 lost the ability to upregulate the tumor suppressor miR-193. Small molecule inhibitors (SMI) of p38 MAPK, NF-κB, and PI3K p110α inhibited upregulation of miR-155 by B95.8 LMP1; no individual SMI significantly reduced upregulation of miR-155 by PTLD variant LMP1. miR-155 was significantly elevated in EBV+ B cell lymphoma cell lines and associated exosomes and inversely correlated with expression of the miR-155 target FOXO3a in cell lines. Finally, LMP1 reduced expression of FOXO3a, which was rescued by a PI3K p110α SMI. Our data indicate that tumor variant LMP1 differentially regulates host B cell miR expression, suggesting viral genotype as an important consideration for the treatment of EBV+ B cell lymphomas. Notably, we demonstrate a novel mechanism in which LMP1 supports the regulation of miR-155 and its target FOXO3a in B cells through activation of PI3K p110α. This mechanism expands on the previously established mechanisms by which LMP1 regulates miR-155 and FOXO3a and may represent both rational therapeutic targets and biomarkers for EBV+ B cell lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Hatton
- Department of Molecular Biology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
| | - Madeline M Smith
- Department of Molecular Biology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
| | - Madison Alexander
- Department of Molecular Biology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
| | - Melanie Mandell
- Department of Molecular Biology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
| | - Carissa Sherman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
| | - Madeline W Stesney
- Department of Molecular Biology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
| | - Sin Ting Hui
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Gillian Dohrn
- Department of Molecular Biology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
| | - Joselinne Medrano
- Department of Molecular Biology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
| | - Kurt Ringwalt
- Department of Molecular Biology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
| | - Aleishia Harris-Arnold
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Eden M Maloney
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Sheri M Krams
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Olivia M Martinez
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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22
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Zhang J, Zhang S, Zuo L, Yue W, Li S, Xin S, Liu L, Lu J. Differential expression profiling of lncRNAs related to Epstein‐Barr virus infection in the epithelial cells. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1845-1855. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Siwei Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Lielian Zuo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Wenxing Yue
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Shen Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Shuyu Xin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Lingzhi Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Jianhong Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South University Changsha China
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Interplay between the Epigenetic Enzyme Lysine (K)-Specific Demethylase 2B and Epstein-Barr Virus Infection. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00273-19. [PMID: 30996097 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00273-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The histone modifier lysine (K)-specific demethylase 2B (KDM2B) plays a role in the differentiation of hematopoietic cells, and its expression appears to be deregulated in certain cancers of hematological and lymphoid origins. We have previously found that the KDM2B gene is differentially methylated in cell lines derived from Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL) compared with that in EBV-negative sporadic Burkitt lymphoma-derived cells. However, whether KDM2B plays a role in eBL development has not been previously investigated. Oncogenic viruses have been shown to hijack the host cell epigenome to complete their life cycle and to promote the transformation process by perturbing cell chromatin organization. Here, we investigated whether EBV alters KDM2B levels to enable its life cycle and promote B-cell transformation. We show that infection of B cells with EBV leads to downregulation of KDM2B levels. We also show that LMP1, one of the main EBV transforming proteins, induces increased DNMT1 recruitment to the KDM2B gene and augments its methylation. By altering KDM2B levels and performing chromatin immunoprecipitation in EBV-infected B cells, we show that KDM2B is recruited to the EBV gene promoters and inhibits their expression. Furthermore, forced KDM2B expression in immortalized B cells led to altered mRNA levels of some differentiation-related genes. Our data show that EBV deregulates KDM2B levels through an epigenetic mechanism and provide evidence for a role of KDM2B in regulating virus and host cell gene expression, warranting further investigations to assess the role of KDM2B in the process of EBV-mediated lymphomagenesis.IMPORTANCE In Africa, Epstein-Barr virus infection is associated with endemic Burkitt lymphoma, a pediatric cancer. The molecular events leading to its development are poorly understood compared with those leading to sporadic Burkitt lymphoma. In a previous study, by analyzing the DNA methylation changes in endemic compared with sporadic Burkitt lymphoma cell lines, we identified several differential methylated genomic positions in the proximity of genes with a potential role in cancer, and among them was the KDM2B gene. KDM2B encodes a histone H3 demethylase already shown to be involved in some hematological disorders. However, whether KDM2B plays a role in the development of Epstein-Barr virus-mediated lymphoma has not been investigated before. In this study, we show that Epstein-Barr virus deregulates KDM2B expression and describe the underlying mechanisms. We also reveal a role of the demethylase in controlling viral and B-cell gene expression, thus highlighting a novel interaction between the virus and the cellular epigenome.
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Zhang F, Sun X, Zhu Y, Qin W. Downregulation of miR-146a inhibits influenza A virus replication by enhancing the type I interferon response in vitro and in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:740-750. [PMID: 30611999 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Albeit microRNAs (miRNAs) have become increasingly appreciated for their essential roles in innate immune responses to viral infections; however, it is unknown how host miRNAs regulate influenza A virus (IAV)-induced inflammation. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of miR-146a in IAV replication in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, we found miR-146a was significantly upregulated in A549 cells with IAV infection. Overexpression of miR-146a promoted IAV replication, while downregulation of miR-146a repressed replication. We found that miR-146a diminished type I interferon (IFN) responses by decreasing IFN-β production and IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression. Furthermore, we found the IFNs level and IAV replication regulated by miR-146a inhibitor was partially reversed by depletion of interferon receptor (IFNAR) 1 or 2. In addition, we found that miR-146a directly targets tumor necrosis factor receptor association factor 6 (TRAF6), which is involved in the production of type I IFN, and TRAF6 overexpression reversed the replication-promoting effect of miR-146a on IAV. In vivo, inhibition of miR-146a alleviated IAV-induced mice lung injury and promoted survival rates by promoting type I antiviral activities. It is, therefore, concluded that downregulation of miR-146a inhibits IAV replication by enhancing type I IFN response through its target gene TRAF6 in vitro and in vivo, suggesting miR-146a antagomir might be a potential therapeutic target during IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuming Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Ya Zhu
- Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Wangsen Qin
- Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China.
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25
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Emerging microRNAs in cancer diagnosis, progression, and immune surveillance. Cancer Lett 2018; 438:126-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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26
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Di Marco M, Ramassone A, Pagotto S, Anastasiadou E, Veronese A, Visone R. MicroRNAs in Autoimmunity and Hematological Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103139. [PMID: 30322050 PMCID: PMC6213554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity and hematological malignancies are often concomitant in patients. A causal bidirectional relationship exists between them. Loss of immunological tolerance with inappropriate activation of the immune system, likely due to environmental and genetic factors, can represent a breeding ground for the appearance of cancer cells and, on the other hand, blood cancers are characterized by imbalanced immune cell subsets that could support the development of the autoimmune clone. Considerable effort has been made for understanding the proteins that have a relevant role in both processes; however, literature advances demonstrate that microRNAs (miRNAs) surface as the epigenetic regulators of those proteins and control networks linked to both autoimmunity and hematological malignancies. Here we review the most up-to-date findings regarding the miRNA-based molecular mechanisms that underpin autoimmunity and hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Di Marco
- Ageing Research Center and Translational medicine-CeSI-MeT, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences (DSMOB), "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Alice Ramassone
- Ageing Research Center and Translational medicine-CeSI-MeT, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences (DSMOB), "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Sara Pagotto
- Ageing Research Center and Translational medicine-CeSI-MeT, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences (DSMOB), "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Eleni Anastasiadou
- Harvard Medical School Initiative for RNA Medicine, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Angelo Veronese
- Ageing Research Center and Translational medicine-CeSI-MeT, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science (DMSI), "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Rosa Visone
- Ageing Research Center and Translational medicine-CeSI-MeT, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences (DSMOB), "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
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27
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Li L, Ma BBY, Chan ATC, Chan FKL, Murray P, Tao Q. Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced Epigenetic Pathogenesis of Viral-Associated Lymphoepithelioma-Like Carcinomas and Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphomas. Pathogens 2018; 7:pathogens7030063. [PMID: 30022006 PMCID: PMC6161003 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7030063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer genome studies of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated tumors, including lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas (LELC) of nasopharyngeal (NPC), gastric (EBVaGC) and lung tissues, and natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL), reveal a unique feature of genomic alterations with fewer gene mutations detected than other common cancers. It is known now that epigenetic alterations play a critical role in the pathogenesis of EBV-associated tumors. As an oncogenic virus, EBV establishes its latent and lytic infections in B-lymphoid and epithelial cells, utilizing hijacked cellular epigenetic machinery. EBV-encoded oncoproteins modulate cellular epigenetic machinery to reprogram viral and host epigenomes, especially in the early stage of infection, using host epigenetic regulators. The genome-wide epigenetic alterations further inactivate a series of tumor suppressor genes (TSG) and disrupt key cellular signaling pathways, contributing to EBV-associated cancer initiation and progression. Profiling of genome-wide CpG methylation changes (CpG methylome) have revealed a unique epigenotype of global high-grade methylation of TSGs in EBV-associated tumors. Here, we have summarized recent advances of epigenetic alterations in EBV-associated tumors (LELCs and NKTCL), highlighting the importance of epigenetic etiology in EBV-associated tumorigenesis. Epigenetic study of these EBV-associated tumors will discover valuable biomarkers for their early detection and prognosis prediction, and also develop effective epigenetic therapeutics for these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Brigette B Y Ma
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Anthony T C Chan
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Francis K L Chan
- Institute of Digestive Disease and State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Paul Murray
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Qian Tao
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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28
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The Nefarious Nexus of Noncoding RNAs in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072072. [PMID: 30018188 PMCID: PMC6073630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed enormous progress, and has seen the noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) turn from the so-called dark matter RNA to critical functional molecules, influencing most physiological processes in development and disease contexts. Many ncRNAs interact with each other and are part of networks that influence the cell transcriptome and proteome and consequently the outcome of biological processes. The regulatory circuits controlled by ncRNAs have become increasingly more relevant in cancer. Further understanding of these complex network interactions and how ncRNAs are regulated, is paving the way for the identification of better therapeutic strategies in cancer.
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29
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Anastasiadou E, Stroopinsky D, Alimperti S, Jiao AL, Pyzer AR, Cippitelli C, Pepe G, Severa M, Rosenblatt J, Etna MP, Rieger S, Kempkes B, Coccia EM, Sui SJH, Chen CS, Uccini S, Avigan D, Faggioni A, Trivedi P, Slack FJ. Epstein-Barr virus-encoded EBNA2 alters immune checkpoint PD-L1 expression by downregulating miR-34a in B-cell lymphomas. Leukemia 2018; 33:132-147. [PMID: 29946193 PMCID: PMC6327052 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells subvert host immune surveillance by altering immune checkpoint (IC) proteins. Some Epstein−Barr virus (EBV)-associated tumors have higher Programmed Cell Death Ligand, PD-L1 expression. However, it is not known how EBV alters ICs in the context of its preferred host, the B lymphocyte and in derived lymphomas. Here, we found that latency III-expressing Burkitt lymphoma (BL), diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) or their EBNA2-transfected derivatives express high PD-L1. In a DLBCL model, EBNA2 but not LMP1 is sufficient to induce PD-L1. Latency III-expressing DLBCL biopsies showed high levels of PD-L1. The PD-L1 targeting oncosuppressor microRNA miR-34a was downregulated in EBNA2-transfected lymphoma cells. We identified early B-cell factor 1 (EBF1) as a repressor of miR-34a transcription. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of EBF1 was sufficient to induce miR-34a transcription, which in turn reduced PD-L1. MiR-34a reconstitution in EBNA2-transfected DLBCL reduced PD-L1 expression and increased its immunogenicity in mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) and in three-dimensional biomimetic microfluidic chips. Given the importance of PD-L1 inhibition in immunotherapy and miR-34a dysregulation in cancers, our findings may have important implications for combinatorial immunotherapy, which include IC inhibiting antibodies and miR-34a, for EBV-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Anastasiadou
- Harvard Medical School Initiative for RNA Medicine, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dina Stroopinsky
- Department of Hematology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stella Alimperti
- The Wyss Institute for Biological Inspired Engineering at Harvard, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alan L Jiao
- Harvard Medical School Initiative for RNA Medicine, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Athalia R Pyzer
- Department of Hematology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claudia Cippitelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Pepe
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Severa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Jacalyn Rosenblatt
- Department of Hematology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marilena P Etna
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Rieger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Marchioninistraße 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Kempkes
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Marchioninistraße 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Eliana M Coccia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Shannan J Ho Sui
- Bioinformatics Core, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Christopher S Chen
- The Wyss Institute for Biological Inspired Engineering at Harvard, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefania Uccini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - David Avigan
- Department of Hematology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alberto Faggioni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 0161, Rome, Italy
| | - Pankaj Trivedi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 0161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Frank J Slack
- Harvard Medical School Initiative for RNA Medicine, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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30
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The Role of miRNAs in Virus-Mediated Oncogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041217. [PMID: 29673190 PMCID: PMC5979478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, viruses are reported to be responsible for more than 15% of all tumors worldwide. The oncogenesis could be influenced directly by the activity of viral oncoproteins or by the chronic infection or inflammation. The group of human oncoviruses includes Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) or polyomaviruses, and transregulating retroviruses such as HIV or HTLV-1. Most of these viruses express short noncoding RNAs called miRNAs to regulate their own gene expression or to influence host gene expression and thus contribute to the carcinogenic processes. In this review, we will focus on oncogenic viruses and summarize the role of both types of miRNAs, viral as well as host’s, in the oncogenesis.
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31
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Kawada JI, Ando S, Torii Y, Watanabe T, Sato Y, Ito Y, Kimura H. Antitumor effects of duvelisib on Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoma cells. Cancer Med 2018. [PMID: 29522278 PMCID: PMC5911584 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous oncogenic virus that is associated with B cell lymphomas, including Burkitt lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma. Previous studies have shown that the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway is activated in EBV‐associated lymphomas and can be a novel therapeutic target. An oral dual inhibitor of PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ, duvelisib, is in clinical trials for the treatment of lymphoid malignancies. In this study, we evaluated how duvelisib affects the activity of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and if it has antitumor effects in EBV‐associated lymphoma cell lines. We found that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was activated in most of the B and T cell lymphoma cell lines tested. Additionally, duvelisib treatment inhibited cellular growth in the tested cell lines. Overall, B cell lines were more susceptible to duvelisib than T and NK cell lines in vitro regardless of EBV infection. However, the additional influence of duvelisib on the tumor microenvironment was not assessed. Duvelisib treatment induced both apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in EBV‐positive and ‐negative B cell lines, but not in T cell lines. Furthermore, duvelisib treatment reduced the expression of EBV lytic genes (BZLF1 and gp350/220) in EBV‐positive B cell lines, suggesting that duvelisib suppresses the lytic cycle of EBV induced by B cell receptor signaling. However, duvelisib did not induce a remarkable change in the expression of EBV latent genes. These results may indicate that there is therapeutic potential for duvelisib administration in the treatment of EBV‐associated B cell lymphomas and other B cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Kawada
- Departments of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shotaro Ando
- Departments of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuka Torii
- Departments of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takahiro Watanabe
- Departments of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sato
- Departments of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ito
- Departments of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Departments of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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Kim JH, Kim WS, Hong JY, Ryu KJ, Kim SJ, Park C. Epstein-Barr virus EBNA2 directs doxorubicin resistance of B cell lymphoma through CCL3 and CCL4-mediated activation of NF-κB and Btk. Oncotarget 2018; 8:5361-5370. [PMID: 28036258 PMCID: PMC5354914 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded nuclear antigen, EBNA2, expressed in EBV-infected B lymphocytes is critical for lymphoblastoid cell growth. Microarray profiling and cytokine array screening revealed that EBNA2 is associated with upregulation of the chemokines CCL3 and CCL4 in lymphoma cells. Depletion or inactivation of CCL3 or CCL4 sensitized DLBCL cells to doxorubicin. Our results indicate that EBV influences cell survival via an autocrine mechanism whereby EBNA2 increases CCL3 and CCL4, which in turn activate the Btk and NF-κB pathways, contributing to doxorubicin resistance of B lymphoma cells. Western blot data further confirmed that CCL3 and CCL4 direct activation of Btk and NF-κB. Based on these findings, we propose that a pathway involving EBNA2/Btk/NF-κB/CCL3/CCL4 plays a key role in doxorubicin resistance, and therefore, inhibition of specific components of this pathway may sensitize lymphoma cells to doxorubicin. Evaluation of the relationship between CCL3 expression and EBV infection revealed high CCL3 levels in EBV-positive patients. Our data collectively suggest that doxorubicin treatment for EBNA2-positive DLBCL cells may be effectively complemented with a NF-κB or Btk inhibitor. Moreover, evaluation of the CCL3 and CCL4 levels may be helpful for selecting DLBCL patients likely to benefit from doxorubicin treatment in combination with the velcade or ibrutinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hyun Kim
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Won Seog Kim
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Jung Yong Hong
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Kung Ju Ryu
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Seok Jin Kim
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Chaehwa Park
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
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Dysregulation of cellular microRNAs by human oncogenic viruses - Implications for tumorigenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1861:95-105. [PMID: 29378330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Infection with certain animal and human viruses, often referred to as tumor viruses, induces oncogenic processes in their host. These viruses can induce tumorigenesis through direct and/or indirect mechanisms, and the regulation of microRNAs expression has been shown to play a key role in this process. Some human oncogenic viruses can express their own microRNAs; however, they all can dysregulate the expression of cellular microRNAs, facilitating their respective life cycles. The modulation of cellular microRNAs expression brings consequences to the host cells that may lead to malignant transformation, since microRNAs regulate the expression of genes involved in oncogenic pathways. This review focus on the mechanisms used by each human oncogenic virus to dysregulate the expression of cellular microRNAs, and their impact on tumorigenesis.
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34
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Kaul V, Weinberg KI, Boyd SD, Bernstein D, Esquivel CO, Martinez OM, Krams SM. Dynamics of Viral and Host Immune Cell MicroRNA Expression during Acute Infectious Mononucleosis. Front Microbiol 2018; 8:2666. [PMID: 29379474 PMCID: PMC5775229 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is the etiological agent of acute infectious mononucleosis (IM). Since acute IM is a self-resolving disease with most patients regaining health in 1–3 weeks there have been few studies examining molecular signatures in early acute stages of the disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown, however, to influence immune cell function and consequently the generation of antibody responses in IM. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed miRNAs in early stage uncomplicated acute IM. miRNAs were profiled from patient peripheral blood obtained at the time of IM diagnosis and at subsequent time points, and pathway analysis performed to identify important immune and cell signaling pathways. We identified 215 differentially regulated miRNAs at the most acute stage of infection when the patients initially sought medical help. The number of differentially expressed miRNAs decreased to 148 and 68 at 1 and 2 months post-primary infection, with no significantly changed miRNAs identified at 7 months post-infection. Interferon signaling, T and B cell signaling and antigen presentation were the top pathways influenced by the miRNAs associated with IM. Thus, a dynamic and regulated expression profile of miRNA accompanies the early acute immune response, and resolution of infection, in IM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Kaul
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kenneth I Weinberg
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Scott D Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Carlos O Esquivel
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Olivia M Martinez
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Sheri M Krams
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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35
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Kilic T, Erdem A, Ozsoz M, Carrara S. microRNA biosensors: Opportunities and challenges among conventional and commercially available techniques. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 99:525-546. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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36
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Kassambara A, Jourdan M, Bruyer A, Robert N, Pantesco V, Elemento O, Klein B, Moreaux J. Global miRNA expression analysis identifies novel key regulators of plasma cell differentiation and malignant plasma cell. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:5639-5652. [PMID: 28459970 PMCID: PMC5449613 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that attenuate expression of their mRNA targets. Here, we developed a new method and an R package, to easily infer candidate miRNA–mRNA target interactions that could be functional during a given biological process. Using this method, we described, for the first time, a comprehensive integrated analysis of miRNAs and mRNAs during human normal plasma cell differentiation (PCD). Our results reveal 63 miRNAs with significant temporal changes in their expression during normal PCD. We derived a high-confidence network of 295 target relationships comprising 47 miRNAs and 141 targets. These relationships include new examples of miRNAs that appear to coordinately regulate multiple members of critical pathways associated with PCD. Consistent with this, we have experimentally validated a role for the miRNA-30b/c/d-mediated regulation of key PCD factors (IRF4, PRDM1, ELL2 and ARID3A). Furthermore, we found that 24 PCD stage-specific miRNAs are aberrantly overexpressed in multiple myeloma (MM) tumor plasma cells compared to their normal counterpart, suggesting that MM cells frequently acquired expression changes in miRNAs already undergoing dynamic expression modulation during normal PCD. Altogether, our analysis identifies candidate novel key miRNAs regulating networks of significance for normal PCD and malignant plasma cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alboukadel Kassambara
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHRU Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France.,Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS-UPR1142, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Michel Jourdan
- Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS-UPR1142, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Angélique Bruyer
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHRU Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France.,Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS-UPR1142, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Robert
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHRU Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Olivier Elemento
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Bernard Klein
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHRU Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France.,Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS-UPR1142, 34000 Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier 1, UFR de Médecine, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Moreaux
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHRU Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France.,Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS-UPR1142, 34000 Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier 1, UFR de Médecine, 34000 Montpellier, France
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37
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Kotaki R, Koyama-Nasu R, Yamakawa N, Kotani A. miRNAs in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071495. [PMID: 28696359 PMCID: PMC5535985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lineage specification is primarily regulated at the transcriptional level and lineage-specific transcription factors determine cell fates. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 18–24 nucleotide-long non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally decrease the translation of target mRNAs and are essential for many cellular functions. miRNAs also regulate lineage specification during hematopoiesis. This review highlights the roles of miRNAs in B-cell development and malignancies, and discusses how miRNA expression profiles correlate with disease prognoses and phenotypes. We also discuss the potential for miRNAs as therapeutic targets and diagnostic tools for B-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Kotaki
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Hiratsuka 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Ryo Koyama-Nasu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Hiratsuka 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Natsuko Yamakawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Hiratsuka 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Ai Kotani
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Hiratsuka 259-1193, Japan.
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38
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An update: Epstein-Barr virus and immune evasion via microRNA regulation. Virol Sin 2017; 32:175-187. [PMID: 28669004 PMCID: PMC6702289 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-017-3996-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an oncogenic virus that ubiquitously establishes
life-long persistence in humans. To ensure its survival and maintain its B cell
transformation function, EBV has developed powerful strategies to evade host immune
responses. Emerging evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are powerful
regulators of the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. In this review, we summarize
current progress on how EBV utilizes miRNAs for immune evasion. EBV encodes miRNAs
targeting both viral and host genes involved in the immune response. The miRNAs are
found in two gene clusters, and recent studies have demonstrated that lack of these
clusters increases the CD4+ and
CD8+ T cell response of infected cells. These reports
strongly indicate that EBV miRNAs are critical for immune evasion. In addition, EBV
is able to dysregulate the expression of a variety of host miRNAs, which influence
multiple immune-related molecules and signaling pathways. The transport via exosomes
of EBV-regulated miRNAs and viral proteins contributes to the construction and
modification of the inflammatory tumor microenvironment. During EBV immune evasion,
viral proteins, immune cells, chemokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and
pro-apoptosis molecules are involved. Our increasing knowledge of the role of miRNAs
in immune evasion will improve the understanding of EBV persistence and help to
develop new treatments for EBV-associated cancers and other diseases.
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39
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Kanokudom S, Vilaivan T, Wikan N, Thepparit C, Smith DR, Assavalapsakul W. miR-21 promotes dengue virus serotype 2 replication in HepG2 cells. Antiviral Res 2017; 142:169-177. [PMID: 28365456 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Infection with the mosquito transmitted dengue virus (DENV) remains a significant worldwide public health problem. While the majority of infections are asymptomatic, infection can result in a range of symptoms. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression through repression or degradation of mRNAs. To understand the contribution of miRNAs to DENV 2 replication, we screened a number of candidate miRNAs for variations in expression levels during DENV 2 infection of HepG2 (liver) cells. Seven miRNAs were identified as differentially expressed, and one, miR-21, was differentially expressed at all time points examined. Interestingly, miR-21 was also differentially regulated in DENV 2 infection under conditions of antibody dependent enhancement of infection, and in direct Zika virus infection, but not in DENV 4 infection. The role of miR-21 during DENV infection was further examined by treating HepG2 cells with an anti-miR-21 (AMO-21) before DENV infection. The results showed a significant reduction in DENV 2 production, clearly suggesting that miR-21 plays a key role in DENV 2 replication. To further confirm the role of miR-21 in DENV infection, a peptide nucleic acid-21 (PNA-21) construct with a nucleotide sequence complementary to AMO-21, was co-administered with AMO-21 as an AMO-21/PNA-21 complex followed by DENV 2 infection. The results showed that AMO-21 significantly reduced DENV 2 titer, PNA-21 significantly increased DENV 2 titer and the combined AMO-21/PNA-21 showed no difference from non-treated infection controls. Taken together, the results show that miR-21 promotes DENV 2 replication, and this mechanism could serve as a possible therapeutic intervention point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitthichai Kanokudom
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Tirayut Vilaivan
- Organic Synthesis Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Nitwara Wikan
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakornpathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Chutima Thepparit
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakornpathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Duncan R Smith
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakornpathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Wanchai Assavalapsakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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40
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Sakamoto K, Sekizuka T, Uehara T, Hishima T, Mine S, Fukumoto H, Sato Y, Hasegawa H, Kuroda M, Katano H. Next-generation sequencing of miRNAs in clinical samples of Epstein-Barr virus-associated B-cell lymphomas. Cancer Med 2017; 6:605-618. [PMID: 28181423 PMCID: PMC5345668 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encodes 49 microRNAs (miRNAs) in the BART and BHRF1 regions of its genome. Although expression profiles of EBV-encoded miRNAs have been reported for EBV-positive cell lines and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, to date there is little information about total miRNA expression, including cellular and viral miRNAs, in the primary tumors of EBV-associated B-lymphoproliferative disorders. In this study, next-generation sequencing and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR were used to determine the expression profiles of miRNAs in EBV-infected cell lines and EBV-associated B-cell lymphomas, including AIDS-related diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), pyothorax-associated lymphoma, methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder, EBV-positive DLBCL of the elderly, and Hodgkin lymphoma. Next-generation sequencing revealed that EBV-encoded miRNAs accounted for up to 34% of total annotated miRNAs in these cases. Expression of three miR-BHRF1s was significantly higher in AIDS-related DLBCL and pyothorax-associated lymphoma compared with methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder and EBV-positive DLBCL of the elderly, suggesting the association of miR-BHRF1s expression with latency III EBV infection. Heat map/clustering analysis of expression of all miRNAs, including cellular and EBV miRNAs, by next-generation sequencing demonstrated that each EBV tumor, except methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder, formed an isolated cluster. Principal component analysis based on the EBV-encoded miRNA expression showed that each EBV tumor formed a distinguished cluster, but AIDS-related DLBCL and pyothorax-associated lymphoma formed larger clusters than other tumors. These data suggest that expression of miRNAs, including EBV-encoded miRNAs, is associated with the tumor type and status of virus infection in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouta Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sekizuka
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Taeko Uehara
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Tsunekazu Hishima
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8613, Japan
| | - Sohtaro Mine
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Hitomi Fukumoto
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yuko Sato
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuroda
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Harutaka Katano
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
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41
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Flór TB, Blom B. Pathogens Use and Abuse MicroRNAs to Deceive the Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:538. [PMID: 27070595 PMCID: PMC4848994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has demonstrated that microRNAs (miRs) play a role in the survival and amplification of viruses, bacteria and other pathogens. There are various ways in which pathogens can benefit from miR-directed alterations in protein translation and signal transduction. Members of the herpesviridae family have previously been shown to encode multiple miRs, while the production of miRs by viruses like HIV-1 remained controversial. Recently, novel techniques have facilitated the elucidation of true miR targets by establishing miR-argonaute association and the subsequent interactions with their cognate cellular mRNAs. This, in combination with miR reporter assays, has generated physiologically relevant evidence that miRs from the herpesviridae family have the potential to downregulate multiple cellular targets, which are involved in immune activation, cytokine signaling and apoptosis. In addition, viruses and bacteria have also been linked to the induction of host cellular miRs, which have the capacity to mitigate immune activation, cytokine signaling and apoptosis. Interfering with miR expression may be clinically relevant. In the case of hepatitis C infection, the cellular miR-122 is already targeted therapeutically. This not only exemplifies how important miRs can be for the survival of specific viruses, but it also delineates the potential to use miRs as drug targets. In this paper we will review the latest reports on viruses and bacteria that abuse miR regulation for their benefit, which may be of interest in the development of miR-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Flór
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
| | - Bianca Blom
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
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42
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Tavakoli F, Jaseb K, Far MAJ, Soleimani M, Khodadi E, Saki N. Evaluation of microRNA-146a expression in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11515-016-1387-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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He X, Zhang K, Gao X, Li L, Tan H, Chen J, Zhou Y. Rapid atrial pacing induces myocardial fibrosis by down-regulating Smad7 via microRNA-21 in rabbit. Heart Vessels 2016; 31:1696-708. [PMID: 26968995 PMCID: PMC5043001 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-016-0808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tachycardia-induced atrial fibrosis is a hallmark of the structural remodeling of atrial fibrillation (AF). The mechanisms underlying tachycardia-induced atrial fibrosis remain unclear. In our previous study, we found that Smad7-downregulation promoted the development of atrial fibrosis in AF. Fibroblasts are enriched in microRNA-21 (miR-21), which contributes to the development of fibrosis and heart failure in the cardiovascular system. Our study was designed to test the hypothesis that miR-21 reinforces the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in AF-induced atrial fibrosis by down-regulating Smad7. Rapid atrial pacing (RAP, 1000 ppm) was applied to the left atrium of the rabbit heart to induce atrial fibrillation and fibrosis. qRT-PCR and northern blot analysis revealed that RAP caused a marked increase in the expression of miR-21. Transfection with a miR-21 inhibitor significantly increased the expression of Smad7, while the expression of collagen I/III significantly decreased. These changes were implicated in the AF-induced release of miR-21 and down-regulation of Smad7. Adult rat cardiac fibroblasts treated with TGF-β1 showed increased miR-21 expression and decreased Smad7 expression. Pretreatment with a TGF-β1 inhibitor reduced the TGF-β1-induced up-regulation of miR-21. Pretreatment with pre-miR-21 and a miR-21 inhibitor significantly decreased and increased Smad7 expression, respectively. This result was negatively correlated with the expression of collagen I/III in fibroblasts. Moreover, the results of a luciferase activity assay suggest that Smad7 is a validated miR-21 target in CFs. Our results provide compelling evidence that the miR-21 specific degradation of Smad7 may decrease the inhibitory feedback regulation of TGF-β1/Smad signaling and serves as a new insight of the mechanism of atrial fibrosis in atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyu He
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Disease, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Kunyi Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiuren Gao
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Liwen Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Disease, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hong Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Disease, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiyan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Disease, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Yingling Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Disease, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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44
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Battle-Lopez A, Gonzalez de Villambrosia S, Nuñez J, Cagigal ML, Montes-Moreno S, Conde E, Piris MA. Epstein-Barr virus-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: diagnosis, difficulties and therapeutic options. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2016; 16:411-21. [PMID: 26838128 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2016.1149065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)-positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) most frequently affects elderly patients, without previous immunosuppression, with frequent extra-nodal involvement and whose disease runs an aggressive clinical course with high International Prognostic Index (IPI) scores. Various EBV-related transforming mechanisms, much favored by immunosenescence, have been described, including activation of the NFKB transcriptional program. Elderly patients show poor survival after treatment with conventional CHOP regimens, even after addition of Rituximab. Younger patients, however, have a better outcome with a similar prognosis to EBV-negative DLBCL cases. New therapeutic strategies, including treatments targeting EBV, new drugs directed against specific pathways constitutively activated in these lymphomas, and new specific conjugate antibodies against molecules usually expressed in the tumor cells, such as CD30, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Battle-Lopez
- a Services of Haematology and Pathology , Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla , Santander , Spain
| | | | - Javier Nuñez
- a Services of Haematology and Pathology , Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla , Santander , Spain
| | - Maria-Luisa Cagigal
- a Services of Haematology and Pathology , Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla , Santander , Spain
| | - Santiago Montes-Moreno
- a Services of Haematology and Pathology , Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla , Santander , Spain
| | - Eulogio Conde
- a Services of Haematology and Pathology , Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla , Santander , Spain
| | - Miguel A Piris
- a Services of Haematology and Pathology , Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla , Santander , Spain
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45
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EBV-miR-BHRF1-2 targets PRDM1/Blimp1: potential role in EBV lymphomagenesis. Leukemia 2015; 30:594-604. [PMID: 26530011 PMCID: PMC4777778 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PRDM1/Blimp1, a master regulator of B-cell terminal differentiation, has been identified as a tumor suppressor gene in aggressive lymphomas, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). It has been shown in DLBCL and Hodgkin lymphoma that PRDM1 is downregulated by cellular microRNAs. In this study, we identify the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) microRNA (miRNA), EBV-miR-BHRF1-2, as a viral miRNA regulator of PRDM1. EBV-miR-BHRF1-2 repressed luciferase reporter activity by specific interaction with the seed region within the PRDM1 3' untranslated region. EBV-miR-BHRF1-2 inhibition upregulated PRDM1 protein expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL), supporting a role of miR-BHRF1-2 in PRDM1 downregulation in vivo. Discordance of PRDM1 messenger RNA and protein expressions is associated with high EBV-miR-BHRF1-2 levels in LCLs and primary post-transplant EBV-positive DLBCL. Enforced expression of PRDM1-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in LCL cells. Inhibition of EBV-miR-BHRF1-2 negatively regulates cell cycle and decreases expression of SCARNA20, a small nucleolar RNA that is also downregulated by PRDM1 overexpression. The interaction between EBV-miR-BHRF1-2 and PRDM1 may be one of the mechanisms by which EBV-miR-BHRF1-2 promotes EBV lymphomagenesis. Our results support the potential of EBV-miR-BHRF1-2 as a therapeutic target in EBV-associated lymphoma.
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46
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Anastasiadou E, Garg N, Bigi R, Yadav S, Campese AF, Lapenta C, Spada M, Cuomo L, Botta A, Belardelli F, Frati L, Ferretti E, Faggioni A, Trivedi P. Epstein-Barr virus infection induces miR-21 in terminally differentiated malignant B cells. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:1491-7. [PMID: 25704079 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The association of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with plasmacytoid malignancies is now well established but how the virus influences microRNA expression in such cells is not known. We have used multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines to address this issue and find that an oncomiR, miR-21 is induced after in vitro EBV infection. The PU.1 binding site in miR-21 promoter was essential for its activation by the virus. In accordance with its noted oncogenic functions, miR-21 induction in EBV infected MM cells caused downregulation of p21 and an increase in cyclin D3 expression. EBV infected MM cells were highly tumorigenic in SCID mice. Given the importance of miR-21 in plasmacytoid malignancies, our findings that EBV could further exacerbate the disease by inducing miR-21 has interesting implications both in terms of diagnosis and future miR based therapeutical approaches for the virus associated plasmacytoid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Anastasiadou
- Department of Experimental Medicine, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Neha Garg
- Department of Molecular Medicine, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Rachele Bigi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Shivangi Yadav
- Department of Experimental Medicine, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Lapenta
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Spada
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Cuomo
- Department of Clinical Pathology, San Filippo Neri Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Botta
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Belardelli
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Frati
- Department of Experimental Medicine, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Faggioni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Pankaj Trivedi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Zhou H, Schmidt SCS, Jiang S, Willox B, Bernhardt K, Liang J, Johannsen EC, Kharchenko P, Gewurz BE, Kieff E, Zhao B. Epstein-Barr virus oncoprotein super-enhancers control B cell growth. Cell Host Microbe 2015; 17:205-16. [PMID: 25639793 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Super-enhancers are clusters of gene-regulatory sites bound by multiple transcription factors that govern cell transcription, development, phenotype, and oncogenesis. By examining Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs), we identified four EBV oncoproteins and five EBV-activated NF-κB subunits co-occupying ∼1,800 enhancer sites. Of these, 187 had markedly higher and broader histone H3K27ac signals, characteristic of super-enhancers, and were designated "EBV super-enhancers." EBV super-enhancer-associated genes included the MYC and BCL2 oncogenes, which enable LCL proliferation and survival. EBV super-enhancers were enriched for B cell transcription factor motifs and had high co-occupancy of STAT5 and NFAT transcription factors (TFs). EBV super-enhancer-associated genes were more highly expressed than other LCL genes. Disrupting EBV super-enhancers by the bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 or conditionally inactivating an EBV oncoprotein or NF-κB decreased MYC or BCL2 expression and arrested LCL growth. These findings provide insight into mechanisms of EBV-induced lymphoproliferation and identify potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hufeng Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stefanie C S Schmidt
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sizun Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bradford Willox
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katharina Bernhardt
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eric C Johannsen
- Department of Medicine and McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Peter Kharchenko
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School and Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin E Gewurz
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elliott Kieff
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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48
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EBV-driven B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders: from biology, classification and differential diagnosis to clinical management. Exp Mol Med 2015; 47:e132. [PMID: 25613729 PMCID: PMC4314582 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2014.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus, affecting >90% of the adult population. EBV targets B-lymphocytes and achieves latent infection in a circular episomal form. Different latency patterns are recognized based on latent gene expression pattern. Latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) mimics CD40 and, when self-aggregated, provides a proliferation signal via activating the nuclear factor-kappa B, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways to promote cellular proliferation. LMP-1 also induces BCL-2 to escape from apoptosis and gives a signal for cell cycle progression by enhancing cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein and by inhibiting p16 and p27. LMP-2A blocks the surface immunoglobulin-mediated lytic cycle reactivation. It also activates the Ras/PI3K/Akt pathway and induces Bcl-xL expression to promote B-cell survival. Recent studies have shown that ebv-microRNAs can provide extra signals for cellular proliferation, cell cycle progression and anti-apoptosis. EBV is well known for association with various types of B-lymphocyte, T-lymphocyte, epithelial cell and mesenchymal cell neoplasms. B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders encompass a broad spectrum of diseases, from benign to malignant. Here we review our current understanding of EBV-induced lymphomagenesis and focus on biology, diagnosis and management of EBV-associated B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders.
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Alberghini F, Petrocelli V, Rahmat M, Casola S. An epigenetic view of B‐cell disorders. Immunol Cell Biol 2015; 93:253-60. [DOI: 10.1038/icb.2014.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mahshid Rahmat
- IFOM, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation Milan Italy
| | - Stefano Casola
- IFOM, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation Milan Italy
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50
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MicroRNAs in B-cell lymphomas: how a complex biology gets more complex. Leukemia 2014; 29:1004-17. [PMID: 25541152 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent important regulators of gene expression besides transcriptional control. miRNA regulation can be involved in the cell developmental fate decisions, but can also have more subtle roles in buffering stochastic fluctuations in gene expression. They participate in pathways fundamental to B-cell development like B-cell receptor (BCR) signalling, B-cell migration/adhesion, cell-cell interactions in immune niches, and the production and class-switching of immunoglobulins. miRNAs influence B-cell maturation, generation of pre-, marginal zone, follicular, B1, plasma and memory B cells. In this review, we discuss miRNAs with essential functions in malignant B-cell development (such as miR-150, miR-155, miR-21, miR-34a, miR-17-92 and miR-15-16). We also put these miRNAs in the context of normal B-cell differentiation, as this is intimately connected to neoplastic B-cell development. We review miRNAs' role in the most common B-cell malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma (FL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). We focus on miR-contribution to the regulation of important signalling pathways (such as NF-κB, PI3K/AKT and TGF-β), BCR signalling and its modulators (such as PTEN, SHIP-1, ZAP-70, GAB1 and BTK), anti- and pro-apoptotic proteins (such as BCL2, MCL1, TCL1, BIM, p53 and SIRT1) and transcription factors (such as MYC, MYB, PU.1, FOXP1 and BCL6). We also discuss the association of miRNAs' expression levels with the patients' survival and response to therapy, summarizing their potential use as predictive and prognostic markers. Importantly, the targeting of miRNAs (like use of anti-miR-155 or miR-34a mimic) could provide a novel therapeutic approach as evidenced by tumour regression in xenograft mouse models and initial promising data from clinical trials.
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