1
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Wang HC, Chen R, Yang W, Li Y, Muthukumar R, Patel RM, Casey EB, Denby E, Magee JA. Kmt2c restricts G-CSF-driven HSC mobilization and granulocyte production in a methyltransferase-independent manner. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114542. [PMID: 39046877 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is widely used to enhance myeloid recovery after chemotherapy and to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for transplantation. Unfortunately, through the course of chemotherapy, cancer patients can acquire leukemogenic mutations that cause therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This raises the question of whether therapeutic G-CSF might potentiate therapy-related MDS/AML by disproportionately stimulating mutant HSCs and other myeloid progenitors. A common mutation in therapy-related MDS/AML involves chromosome 7 deletions that inactivate many tumor suppressor genes, including KMT2C. Here, we show that Kmt2c deletions hypersensitize murine HSCs and myeloid progenitors to G-CSF, as evidenced by increased HSC mobilization and enhanced granulocyte production from granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (GMPs). Furthermore, Kmt2c attenuates the G-CSF response independently from its SET methyltransferase function. Altogether, the data raise concerns that monosomy 7 can hypersensitize progenitors to G-CSF, such that clinical use of G-CSF may amplify the risk of therapy-related MDS/AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen C Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rohini Muthukumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Riddhi M Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emily B Casey
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Elisabeth Denby
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Magee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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2
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Szelest M, Giannopoulos K. Biological relevance of alternative splicing in hematologic malignancies. Mol Med 2024; 30:62. [PMID: 38760666 PMCID: PMC11100220 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00839-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is a strictly regulated process that generates multiple mRNA variants from a single gene, thus contributing to proteome diversity. Transcriptome-wide sequencing studies revealed networks of functionally coordinated splicing events, which produce isoforms with distinct or even opposing functions. To date, several mechanisms of AS are deregulated in leukemic cells, mainly due to mutations in splicing and/or epigenetic regulators and altered expression of splicing factors (SFs). In this review, we discuss aberrant splicing events induced by mutations affecting SFs (SF3B1, U2AF1, SRSR2, and ZRSR2), spliceosome components (PRPF8, LUC7L2, DDX41, and HNRNPH1), and epigenetic modulators (IDH1 and IDH2). Finally, we provide an extensive overview of the biological relevance of aberrant isoforms of genes involved in the regulation of apoptosis (e. g. BCL-X, MCL-1, FAS, and c-FLIP), activation of key cellular signaling pathways (CASP8, MAP3K7, and NOTCH2), and cell metabolism (PKM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Szelest
- Department of Experimental Hematooncology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Giannopoulos
- Department of Experimental Hematooncology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
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3
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Mori M, Kubota Y, Durmaz A, Gurnari C, Goodings C, Adema V, Ponvilawan B, Bahaj WS, Kewan T, LaFramboise T, Meggendorfer M, Haferlach C, Barnard J, Wlodarski M, Visconte V, Haferlach T, Maciejewski JP. Genomics of deletion 7 and 7q in myeloid neoplasm: from pathogenic culprits to potential synthetic lethal therapeutic targets. Leukemia 2023; 37:2082-2093. [PMID: 37634012 PMCID: PMC10539177 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-02003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Complete or partial deletions of chromosome 7 (-7/del7q) belong to the most frequent chromosomal abnormalities in myeloid neoplasm (MN) and are associated with a poor prognosis. The disease biology of -7/del7q and the genes responsible for the leukemogenic properties have not been completely elucidated. Chromosomal deletions may create clonal vulnerabilities due to haploinsufficient (HI) genes contained in the deleted regions. Therefore, HI genes are potential targets of synthetic lethal strategies. Through the most comprehensive multimodal analysis of more than 600 -7/del7q MN samples, we elucidated the disease biology and qualified a list of most consistently deleted and HI genes. Among them, 27 potentially synthetic lethal target genes were identified with the following properties: (i) unaffected genes by hemizygous/homozygous LOF mutations; (ii) prenatal lethality in knockout mice; and (iii) vulnerability of leukemia cells by CRISPR and shRNA knockout screens. In -7/del7q cells, we also identified 26 up or down-regulated genes mapping on other chromosomes as downstream pathways or compensation mechanisms. Our findings shed light on the pathogenesis of -7/del7q MNs, while 27 potential synthetic lethal target genes and 26 differential expressed genes allow for a therapeutic window of -7/del7q.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minako Mori
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kubota
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Arda Durmaz
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Carmelo Gurnari
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Ph.D. in Immunology, Molecular Medicine and Applied Biotechnology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Charnise Goodings
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Vera Adema
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ben Ponvilawan
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Waled S Bahaj
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tariq Kewan
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Thomas LaFramboise
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | | - John Barnard
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Marcin Wlodarski
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Valeria Visconte
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Jaroslaw P Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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4
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Immunohistochemical loss of enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) protein expression correlates with EZH2 alterations and portends a worse outcome in myelodysplastic syndromes. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:1212-1219. [PMID: 35504958 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-022-01074-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
EZH2 coding mutation (EZH2MUT), resulting in loss-of-function, is an independent predictor of overall survival in MDS. EZH2 function can be altered by other mechanisms including copy number changes, and mutations in other genes and non-coding regions of EZH2. Assessment of EZH2 protein can identify alterations of EZH2 function missed by mutation assessment alone. Precise evaluation of EZH2 function and gene-protein correlation in clinical MDS cohorts is important in the context of upcoming targeted therapies aimed to restore EZH2 function. In this study, we evaluated the clinicopathologic characteristics of newly diagnosed MDS patients with EZH2MUT and correlated the findings with protein expression using immunohistochemistry. There were 40 (~6%) EZH2MUT MDS [33 men, seven women; median age 74 years (range, 55-90)]. EZH2 mutations spanned the entire coding region. Majority had dominant EZH2 clone [median VAF, 30% (1-92)], frequently co-occurring with co-dominant TET2 (38%) and sub-clonal ASXL1 (55%) and RUNX1 (43%) mutations. EZH2MUT MDS showed frequent loss-of-expression compared to EZH2WT (69% vs. 27%, p = 0.001). Interestingly, NINE (23%) EZH2WT MDS also showed loss-of-expression. EZH2MUT and loss-of-expression significantly associated with male predominance and chr(7) loss. Further, only EZH2 loss-of-expression patients showed significantly lower platelet counts, a trend for higher BM blast% and R-IPSS scores. Over a 14-month median follow-up, both EZH2MUT (p = 0.027) and loss-of-expression (p = 0.0063) correlated with poor survival, independent of R-IPSS, age and gender. When analyzed together, loss-of-expression showed a stronger correlation than mutation (p = 0.061 vs. p = 0.43). In conclusion, immunohistochemical assessment of EZH2 protein, alongside mutation, is important for prognostic workup of MDS.
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5
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Yurttaş NÖ, Eşkazan AE. Clinical Application of Biomarkers for Hematologic Malignancies. Biomark Med 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/9789815040463122010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, significant advancements have been made in the
molecular mechanisms, diagnostic methods, prognostication, and treatment options in
hematologic malignancies. As the treatment landscape continues to expand,
personalized treatment is much more important.
With the development of new technologies, more sensitive evaluation of residual
disease using flow cytometry and next generation sequencing is possible nowadays.
Although some conventional biomarkers preserve their significance, novel potential
biomarkers accurately detect the mutational landscape of different cancers, and also,
serve as prognostic and predictive biomarkers, which can be used in evaluating therapy
responses and relapses. It is likely that we will be able to offer a more targeted and
risk-adapted therapeutic approach to patients with hematologic malignancies guided by
these potential biomarkers. This chapter summarizes the biomarkers used (or proposed
to be used) in the diagnosis and/or monitoring of hematologic neoplasms.;
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurgül Özgür Yurttaş
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine,
Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Emre Eşkazan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine,
Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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6
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Consequences of Chromosome Loss: Why Do Cells Need Each Chromosome Twice? Cells 2022; 11:cells11091530. [PMID: 35563836 PMCID: PMC9101035 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy is a cellular state with an unbalanced chromosome number that deviates from the usual euploid status. During evolution, elaborate cellular mechanisms have evolved to maintain the correct chromosome content over generations. The rare errors often lead to cell death, cell cycle arrest, or impaired proliferation. At the same time, aneuploidy can provide a growth advantage under selective conditions in a stressful, frequently changing environment. This is likely why aneuploidy is commonly found in cancer cells, where it correlates with malignancy, drug resistance, and poor prognosis. To understand this “aneuploidy paradox”, model systems have been established and analyzed to investigate the consequences of aneuploidy. Most of the evidence to date has been based on models with chromosomes gains, but chromosome losses and recurrent monosomies can also be found in cancer. We summarize the current models of chromosome loss and our understanding of its consequences, particularly in comparison to chromosome gains.
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7
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Dermawan JK, Wensel C, Visconte V, Maciejewski JP, Cook JR, Bosler DS. Clinically Significant CUX1 Mutations Are Frequently Subclonal and Common in Myeloid Disorders With a High Number of Co-mutated Genes and Dysplastic Features. Am J Clin Pathol 2022; 157:586-594. [PMID: 34661647 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES CUX1 mutations have been reported in myeloid neoplasms. We aimed to characterize the mutational landscape, clonal architecture, and clinical characteristics of myeloid disorders with CUX1 variants. METHODS We reviewed data from a targeted 62-gene panel with CUX1 variants. Variants were classified as of strong or potential clinical significance (tier I/tier II) or of unknown significance (VUS). RESULTS CUX1 variants were identified in 169 cases. The 49 tier I/tier II variants were found in older patients (mean age, 71 vs 60 years old) and predominantly inactivating alterations, while the 120 VUS cases were missense mutations. Monosomy 7/deletion 7q was more common in tier I/tier II cases. Co-mutations were detected in 96% of tier I/tier II cases (average, 3.7/case) but in only 61% of VUS cases (average, 1.5/case). Tier I/tier II CUX1 variants tend to be subclonal to co-mutations (ASXL1, SF3B1, SRSF2, TET2). Among myeloid disorders, tier I/tier II cases were more frequently diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndromes and had a higher number of bone marrow dysplastic lineages. CONCLUSIONS CUX1 mutations are seen with adverse prognostic features and could be a late clonal evolutional event of myeloid disorders. The differences between CUX1 tier I/tier II and VUS underscore the importance of accurate variant classification in reporting of multigene panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine K Dermawan
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Christine Wensel
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Valeria Visconte
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jaroslaw P Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - James R Cook
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David S Bosler
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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8
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Loss of chromosome 7 has long been associated with adverse-risk myeloid malignancy. In the last decade, CUX1 has been identified as a critical tumor suppressor gene (TSG) located within a commonly deleted segment of chromosome arm 7q. Additional genes encoded on 7q have also been identified as bona fide myeloid tumor suppressors, further implicating chromosome 7 deletions in disease pathogenesis. This review will discuss the clinical implications of del(7q) and CUX1 mutations, both in disease and clonal hematopoiesis, and synthesize recent literature on CUX1 and other chromosome 7 TSGs. RECENT FINDINGS Two major studies, including a new mouse model, have been published that support a role for CUX1 inactivation in the development of myeloid neoplasms. Additional recent studies describe the cellular and hematopoietic effects from loss of the 7q genes LUC7L2 and KMT2C/MLL3, and the implications of chromosome 7 deletions in clonal hematopoiesis. SUMMARY Mounting evidence supports CUX1 as being a key chromosome 7 TSG. As 7q encodes additional myeloid regulators and tumor suppressors, improved models of chromosome loss are needed to interrogate combinatorial loss of these critical 7q genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan E McNerney
- Department of Pathology
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology
- The University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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9
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Gerding WM, Tembrink M, Nilius‐Eliliwi V, Mika T, Dimopoulos F, Ladigan‐Badura S, Eckhardt M, Pohl M, Wünnenberg M, Farshi P, Reimer P, Schroers R, Nguyen HP, Vangala DB. Optical genome mapping reveals additional prognostic information compared to conventional cytogenetics in
AML
/
MDS
patients. Int J Cancer 2022; 150:1998-2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanda M. Gerding
- Department for Human Genetics Ruhr‐University Bochum Bochum Germany
| | - Marco Tembrink
- Department for Human Genetics Ruhr‐University Bochum Bochum Germany
| | - Verena Nilius‐Eliliwi
- Department for Human Genetics Ruhr‐University Bochum Bochum Germany
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr‐University Bochum Bochum Germany
| | - Thomas Mika
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr‐University Bochum Bochum Germany
| | - Fotios Dimopoulos
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr‐University Bochum Bochum Germany
| | - Swetlana Ladigan‐Badura
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr‐University Bochum Bochum Germany
| | - Matthias Eckhardt
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr‐University Bochum Bochum Germany
| | - Michael Pohl
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr‐University Bochum Bochum Germany
| | - Max Wünnenberg
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr‐University Bochum Bochum Germany
| | - Pakhshan Farshi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology Kliniken Essen‐Mitte Essen Germany
| | - Peter Reimer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology Kliniken Essen‐Mitte Essen Germany
| | - Roland Schroers
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr‐University Bochum Bochum Germany
| | - Huu Phuc Nguyen
- Department for Human Genetics Ruhr‐University Bochum Bochum Germany
| | - Deepak B. Vangala
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr‐University Bochum Bochum Germany
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10
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CRISPR/Cas9 genome-wide screening identifies LUC7L2 that promotes radioresistance via autophagy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:392. [PMID: 34907164 PMCID: PMC8671510 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00783-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioresistance emerges as the major obstacle to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treatment, further understanding of underlying mechanisms is necessary to overcome the radioresistance and improve the therapeutic effect. In this study, we first identified a candidate radioresistant-related gene LUC7L2 via CRISPR/Cas9 high-throughput screening and quantitative proteomic approach. Overexpression of LUC7L2 in NPC cells promoted cell viability following exposure to ionizing radiation (IR), while knockdown of LUC7L2 significantly slowed down the DNA replication and impaired cell survival, sensitized NPC-radioresistant cells to IR. Using immunoprecipitation assay, we found SQSTM1, an autophagy receptor, was a potential binding partner of LUC7L2. Down-regulation of LUC7L2 in NPC-radioresistant cells led to reduction of SQSTM1 expression and enhancement of autophagy level. Furthermore, LUC7L2 knockdown in combination with autophagy inhibitor, chloroquine (CQ), resulted in more NPC-radioresistant cell death. Besides, LUC7L2 was obviously distributed in NPC tissues, and high LUC7L2 expression correlated with shorter survival in NPC patients. Our data suggest that LUC7L2 plays a huge part in regulating radioresistance of NPC cells, and serves as a promising therapeutic target in re-sensitizing NPC to radiotherapy.
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11
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Imgruet MK, Lutze J, An N, Hu B, Khan S, Kurkewich J, Martinez TC, Wolfgeher D, Gurbuxani SK, Kron SJ, McNerney ME. Loss of a 7q gene, CUX1, disrupts epigenetically driven DNA repair and drives therapy-related myeloid neoplasms. Blood 2021; 138:790-805. [PMID: 34473231 PMCID: PMC8414261 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MNs) are high-risk late effects with poorly understood pathogenesis in cancer survivors. It has been postulated that, in some cases, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) harboring mutations are selected for by cytotoxic exposures and transform. Here, we evaluate this model in the context of deficiency of CUX1, a transcription factor encoded on chromosome 7q and deleted in half of t-MN cases. We report that CUX1 has a critical early role in the DNA repair process in HSPCs. Mechanistically, CUX1 recruits the histone methyltransferase EHMT2 to DNA breaks to promote downstream H3K9 and H3K27 methylation, phosphorylated ATM retention, subsequent γH2AX focus formation and propagation, and, ultimately, 53BP1 recruitment. Despite significant unrepaired DNA damage sustained in CUX1-deficient murine HSPCs after cytotoxic exposures, they continue to proliferate and expand, mimicking clonal hematopoiesis in patients postchemotherapy. As a consequence, preexisting CUX1 deficiency predisposes mice to highly penetrant and rapidly fatal therapy-related erythroleukemias. These findings establish the importance of epigenetic regulation of HSPC DNA repair and position CUX1 as a gatekeeper in myeloid transformation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Chromosomes, Mammalian/genetics
- Chromosomes, Mammalian/metabolism
- Clonal Hematopoiesis
- DNA Repair
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/genetics
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/metabolism
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julian Lutze
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology
- Committee on Cancer Biology
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sandeep K Gurbuxani
- Department of Pathology
- The University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Stephen J Kron
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology
- Committee on Cancer Biology
- The University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Megan E McNerney
- Department of Pathology
- Committee on Cancer Biology
- The University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
- Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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12
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Supper E, Rudat S, Iyer V, Droop A, Wong K, Spinella JF, Thomas P, Sauvageau G, Adams DJ, Wong CC. Cut-like homeobox 1 (CUX1) tumor suppressor gene haploinsufficiency induces apoptosis evasion to sustain myeloid leukemia. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2482. [PMID: 33931647 PMCID: PMC8087769 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22750-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
While oncogenes promote tumorigenesis, they also induce deleterious cellular stresses, such as apoptosis, that cancer cells must combat by coopting adaptive responses. Whether tumor suppressor gene haploinsufficiency leads to such phenomena and their mechanistic basis is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that elevated levels of the anti-apoptotic factor, CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator (CFLAR), promotes apoptosis evasion in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells haploinsufficient for the cut-like homeobox 1 (CUX1) transcription factor, whose loss is associated with dismal clinical prognosis. Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screening identifies CFLAR as a selective, acquired vulnerability in CUX1-deficient AML, which can be mimicked therapeutically using inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) antagonists in murine and human AML cells. Mechanistically, CUX1 deficiency directly alleviates CUX1 repression of the CFLAR promoter to drive CFLAR expression and leukemia survival. These data establish how haploinsufficiency of a tumor suppressor is sufficient to induce advantageous anti-apoptosis cell survival pathways and concurrently nominate CFLAR as potential therapeutic target in these poor-prognosis leukemias.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein/genetics
- CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein/metabolism
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Cycle/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
- Dipeptides/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Gene Ontology
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Haploinsufficiency
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mutation
- Nuclear Proteins/deficiency
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Array Analysis
- Repressor Proteins/deficiency
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/genetics
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Supper
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Saskia Rudat
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Vivek Iyer
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Alastair Droop
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Kim Wong
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Jean-François Spinella
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, 2950 Chemin de Polytechnique Pavillon, Marcelle-Coutu, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Thomas
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Guy Sauvageau
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, 2950 Chemin de Polytechnique Pavillon, Marcelle-Coutu, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - David J Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Chi C Wong
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
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13
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Daniels NJ, Hershberger CE, Gu X, Schueger C, DiPasquale WM, Brick J, Saunthararajah Y, Maciejewski JP, Padgett RA. Functional analyses of human LUC7-like proteins involved in splicing regulation and myeloid neoplasms. Cell Rep 2021; 35:108989. [PMID: 33852859 PMCID: PMC8078730 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertebrates have evolved three paralogs, termed LUC7L, LUC7L2, and LUC7L3, of the essential yeast U1 small nuclear RNA (snRNA)-associated splicing factor Luc7p. We investigated the mechanistic and regulatory functions of these putative splicing factors, of which one (LUC7L2) is mutated or deleted in myeloid neoplasms. Protein interaction data show that all three proteins bind similar core but distinct regulatory splicing factors, probably mediated through their divergent arginine-serine-rich domains, which are not present in Luc7p. Knockdown of each factor reveals mostly unique sets of significantly dysregulated alternative splicing events dependent on their binding locations, which are largely non-overlapping. Notably, knockdown of LUC7L2 alone significantly upregulates the expression of multiple spliceosomal factors and downregulates glycolysis genes, possibly contributing to disease pathogenesis. RNA binding studies reveal that LUC7L2 and LUC7L3 crosslink to weak 5' splice sites and to the 5' end of U1 snRNA, establishing an evolutionarily conserved role in 5' splice site selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah J Daniels
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Courtney E Hershberger
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xiaorong Gu
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Caroline Schueger
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - William M DiPasquale
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan Brick
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yogen Saunthararajah
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jaroslaw P Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Richard A Padgett
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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14
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Kishtagari A, Levine RL. The Role of Somatic Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Pathogenesis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:cshperspect.a034975. [PMID: 32398288 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by attenuation of lineage differentiation trajectories that results in impaired hematopoiesis and enhanced self-renewal. To date, sequencing studies have provided a rich landscape of information on the somatic mutations that contribute to AML pathogenesis. These studies show that most AML genomes harbor relatively fewer mutations, which are acquired in a stepwise manner. Our understanding of the genetic basis of leukemogenesis informs a broader understanding of what initiates and maintains the AML clone and informs the development of prognostic models and mechanism-based therapeutic strategies. Here, we explore the current knowledge of genetic and epigenetic aberrations in AML pathogenesis and how recent studies are expanding our knowledge of leukemogenesis and using this to accelerate therapeutic development for AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Kishtagari
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Ross L Levine
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Department of Medicine, Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Molecular Cancer Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
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15
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Spliceosomal factor mutations and mis-splicing in MDS. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2020; 33:101199. [PMID: 33038983 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2020.101199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Somatic, heterozygous missense and nonsense mutations in at least seven proteins that function in the spliceosome are found at high frequency in MDS patients. These proteins act at various steps in the process of splicing by the spliceosome and lead to characteristic alterations in the alternative splicing of a subset of genes. Several studies have investigated the effects of these mutations and have attempted to identify a commonly affected gene or pathway. Here, we summarize what is known about the normal function of these proteins and how the mutations alter the splicing landscape of the genome. We also summarize the commonly mis-spliced gene targets and discuss the state of mechanistic unification that has been achieved. Finally, we discuss alternative mechanisms by which these mutations may lead to disease.
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16
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Distinct clinical and biological implications of CUX1 in myeloid neoplasms. Blood Adv 2020; 3:2164-2178. [PMID: 31320321 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018028423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutations of the CUT-like homeobox 1 (CUX1) gene (CUX1 MT) can be found in myeloid neoplasms (MNs), in particular, in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs). The CUX1 locus is also deleted in 3 of 4 MN cases with -7/del(7q). A cohort of 1480 MN patients was used to characterize clinical features and clonal hierarchy associated with CUX1 MT and CUX1 deletions (CUX1 DEL) and to analyze their functional consequences in vitro. CUX1 MT were present in 4% of chronic MNs. CUX1 DEL were preferentially found in advanced cases (6%). Most MDS and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with -7/del(7q) and up to 15% of MDS patients and 5% of AML patients diploid for the CUX1 locus exhibited downmodulated CUX1 expression. In 75% of mutant cases, CUX1 MT were heterozygous, whereas microdeletions and homozygous and compound-heterozygous mutations were less common. CUX MT/DEL were associated with worse survival compared with CUX1 WT Within the clonal hierarchy, 1 of 3 CUX1 MT served as founder events often followed by secondary BCOR and ASXL1 subclonal hits, whereas TET2 was the most common ancestral lesion, followed by subclonal CUX1 MT Comet assay of patients' bone marrow progenitor cells and leukemic cell lines performed in various experimental conditions revealed that frameshift mutations, hemizygous deletions, or experimental CUX1 knockdown decrease the repair of oxidized bases. These functional findings may explain why samples with either CUX1 MT or low CUX1 expression coincided with significantly higher numbers of somatic hits by whole-exome sequencing. Our findings implicate the DNA repair dysfunction resulting from CUX1 lesions in the pathogenesis of MNs, in which they lead to a mutator phenotype.
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17
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Crisà E, Kulasekararaj AG, Adema V, Such E, Schanz J, Haase D, Shirneshan K, Best S, Mian SA, Kizilors A, Cervera J, Lea N, Ferrero D, Germing U, Hildebrandt B, Martínez ABV, Santini V, Sanz GF, Solé F, Mufti GJ. Impact of somatic mutations in myelodysplastic patients with isolated partial or total loss of chromosome 7. Leukemia 2020; 34:2441-2450. [PMID: 32066866 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0728-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Monosomy 7 [-7] and/or partial loss of chromosome 7 [del(7q)] are associated with poor and intermediate prognosis, respectively, in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), but somatic mutations may also play a key complementary role. We analyzed the impact on the outcomes of deep targeted mutational screening in 280 MDS patients with -7/del(7q) as isolated cytogenetic abnormality (86 with del(7q) and 194 with -7). Patients with del(7q) or -7 had similar demographic and disease-related characteristics. Somatic mutations were detected in 79% (93/117) of patients (82% in -7 and 73% in del(7q) group). Median number of mutations per patient was 2 (range 0-8). There was no difference in mutation frequency between the two groups. Patients harbouring ≥2 mutations had a worse outcome than patients with <2 or no mutations (leukaemic transformation at 24 months, 38% and 20%, respectively, p = 0.044). Untreated patients with del(7q) had better overall survival (OS) compared with -7 (median OS, 34 vs 17 months, p = 0.034). In multivariable analysis, blast count, TP53 mutations and number of mutations were independent predictors of OS, whereas the cytogenetic subgroups did not retain prognostic relevance. This study highlights the importance of mutational analysis in terms of prognosis in MDS patients with isolated -7 or del(7q).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Crisà
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. .,Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy. .,Fondazione Italiana Sindromi Mielodisplastiche (FISiM), Bologna, Italy.
| | - Austin G Kulasekararaj
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Vera Adema
- Institut de Recerca Contra la Leucèmia Josep Carreras, ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Esperanza Such
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julie Schanz
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Detlef Haase
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katayoon Shirneshan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Steven Best
- Laboratory for Molecular Haemato-Oncology, King's College Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Syed A Mian
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Aytug Kizilors
- Laboratory for Molecular Haemato-Oncology, King's College Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - José Cervera
- Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nicholas Lea
- Laboratory for Molecular Haemato-Oncology, King's College Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Dario Ferrero
- Fondazione Italiana Sindromi Mielodisplastiche (FISiM), Bologna, Italy.,Division of Hematology, University of Torino, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | - Ulrich Germing
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Barbara Hildebrandt
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Valeria Santini
- Fondazione Italiana Sindromi Mielodisplastiche (FISiM), Bologna, Italy.,MDS UNIT, AOU Careggi, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Guillermo F Sanz
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francesc Solé
- Institut de Recerca Contra la Leucèmia Josep Carreras, ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ghulam J Mufti
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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18
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Ahmed IA, Farooqi MS, Vander Lugt MT, Boklan J, Rose M, Friehling ED, Triplett B, Lieuw K, Saldana BD, Smith CM, Schwartz JR, Goyal RK. Outcomes of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Patients with Germline SAMD9/SAMD9L Mutations. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2019; 25:2186-2196. [PMID: 31306780 PMCID: PMC7110513 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic cell transplantation led to resolution of myelodysplastic syndrome/bone marrow failure and excellent overall survival in SAMD9/SAMD9L patients. Unique acute posttransplant complications were observed in patients with MIRAGE (myelodysplasia, infection, restriction of growth, adrenal hypoplasia, genital phenotypes, and enteropathy) syndrome.
Germline mutations in SAMD9 and SAMD9L genes cause MIRAGE (myelodysplasia, infection, restriction of growth, adrenal hypoplasia, genital phenotypes, and enteropathy) (OMIM: *610456) and ataxia-pancytopenia (OMIM: *611170) syndromes, respectively, and are associated with chromosome 7 deletions, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and bone marrow failure. In this retrospective series, we report outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in patients with hematologic disorders associated with SAMD9/SAMD9L mutations. Twelve patients underwent allogeneic HCT for MDS (n = 10), congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (n = 1), and dyskeratosis congenita (n = 1). Exome sequencing revealed heterozygous mutations in SAMD9 (n = 6) or SAMD9L (n = 6) genes. Four SAMD9 patients had features of MIRAGE syndrome. Median age at HCT was 2.8 years (range, 1.2 to 12.8 years). Conditioning was myeloablative in 9 cases and reduced intensity in 3 cases. Syndrome-related comorbidities (diarrhea, infections, adrenal insufficiency, malnutrition, and electrolyte imbalance) were present in MIRAGE syndrome cases. One patient with a familial SAMD9L mutation, MDS, and morbid obesity failed to engraft and died of refractory acute myeloid leukemia. The other 11 patients achieved neutrophil engraftment. Acute post-transplant course was complicated by syndrome-related comorbidities in MIRAGE cases. A patient with SAMD9L-associated MDS died of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. The other 10 patients had resolution of hematologic disorder and sustained peripheral blood donor chimerism. Ten of 12 patients were alive with a median follow-up of 3.1 years (range, 0.1 to 14.7 years). More data are needed to refine transplant approaches in SAMD9/SAMD9L patients with significant comorbidities and to develop guidelines for their long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Ahmed
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Midhat S Farooqi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Mark T Vander Lugt
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, C. S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jessica Boklan
- Department of Oncology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Melissa Rose
- Hematology & Oncology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Erika D Friehling
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Brandon Triplett
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplant, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Kenneth Lieuw
- Department of Pediatrics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Blachy Davila Saldana
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Christine M Smith
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jason R Schwartz
- Hematology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Rakesh K Goyal
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri.
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19
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Genetic abnormalities and pathophysiology of MDS. Int J Clin Oncol 2019; 24:885-892. [DOI: 10.1007/s10147-019-01462-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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20
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Hartmann L, Haferlach C, Meggendorfer M, Kern W, Haferlach T, Stengel A. Myeloid malignancies with isolated 7q deletion can be further characterized by their accompanying molecular mutations. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2019; 58:698-704. [PMID: 30994218 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Deletions in the long arm of chromosome 7 (del(7q)) are recurrent cytogenetic aberrations in myeloid neoplasms. They occur either isolated or as part of a complex karyotype and are associated with unfavorable prognosis in certain disease entities. We performed detailed cytogenetic analysis, molecular analysis, and array comparative genomic hybridization in a cohort of 81 patients with a variety of myeloid malignancies and del(7q) as sole chromosomal alteration. In 70% (57/81) of patients, we identified a commonly deleted region (size: 18 Mb) involving the genomic region 101 912.442 (7q22.1)-119 608.824 (7q31.31). Furthermore, in 80 patients, we analyzed 17 genes commonly mutated in myeloid neoplasms and identified high mutation frequencies in ASXL1 34% (27/80), TET2 33% (26/80), RUNX1 25% (20/80), DNMT3A 25% (20/80), while TP53 was rarely affected (5%, 4/80). ASXL1 and TET2 showed similar mutation frequencies across all analyzed entities while RUNX1, CBL, and JAK2 were specifically mutated in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, and myeloproliferative neoplasms, respectively. We detected a significantly higher frequency of RUNX1 (42% vs 13%, P = .0001) and ASXL1 (32% vs 14%, P = .008) mutations in AML patients with del(7q) compared to other AML patients in the Medical Research Council unfavorable risk group (n = 464), indicating a cooperative leukemogenic potential. Our data provide further insight into the pathomechanism of this cytogenetic subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Hartmann
- MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Claudia Haferlach
- MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Manja Meggendorfer
- MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kern
- MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Torsten Haferlach
- MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Anna Stengel
- MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, Munich, 81377, Germany
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21
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Tang G, Medeiros LJ, Wang SA. How I investigate Clonal cytogenetic abnormalities of undetermined significance. Int J Lab Hematol 2018; 40:385-391. [PMID: 29624895 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of hematopoietic stem cell diseases characterized by cytopenia(s), morphological dysplasia, and clonal hematopoiesis. In some patients, the cause of cytopenia(s) is uncertain, even after thorough clinical and laboratory evaluation. Evidence of clonal hematopoiesis has been used to support a diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome in this setting. In patients with cytopenia(s), the presence of clonal cytogenetic abnormalities, except for +8, del(20q) and -Y, can serve as presumptive evidence of myelodysplastic syndrome. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing have detected myeloid neoplasm-related mutations in patients who do not meet the diagnostic criteria for myelodysplastic syndrome. Various terms have been adopted to describe these cases, including clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance (CCUS). Similarly, studies have shown that certain chromosomal abnormalities, including ones commonly detected in myelodysplastic syndrome, may not be associated necessarily with an underlying myelodysplastic syndrome. These clonal cytogenetic abnormalities of undetermined significance (CCAUS) are similar to CHIP and CCUS. Here, we review the features of CCAUS, distinguishing CCAUS from clonal cytogenetic abnormalities associated with myelodysplastic syndrome, and the potential impact of CCAUS on patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tang
- Department of Hematopathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L J Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S A Wang
- Department of Hematopathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
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22
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Abstract
Since a report of some 50 years ago describing refractory anemia associated with group C monosomy, monosomy 7 (-7) and interstitial deletions of chromosome 7 (del(7q)) have been established as one of the most frequent chromosomal aberrations found in essentially all types of myeloid tumors regardless of patient age and disease etiology. In the last century, researchers sought recessive myeloid tumor-suppressor genes by attempting to determine commonly deleted regions (CDRs) in del(7q) patients. However, these efforts were not successful. Today, tumor suppressors located in 7q are believed to act in a haploinsufficient fashion, and powerful new technologies such as microarray comparative genomic hybridization and high-throughput sequencing allow comprehensive searches throughout the genes encoded on 7q. Among those proposed as promising candidates, 4 have been validated by gene targeting in mouse models. SAMD9 (sterile α motif domain 9) and SAMD9L (SAMD9-like) encode related endosomal proteins, mutations of which cause hereditary diseases with strong propensity to infantile myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) harboring monosomy 7. Because MDS develops in SAMD9L-deficient mice over their lifetime, SAMD9/SAMD9L are likely responsible for sporadic MDS with -7/del(7q) as the sole anomaly. EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) and MLL3 (mixed lineage leukemia 3) encode histone-modifying enzymes; loss-of-function mutations of these are detected in some myeloid tumors at high frequencies. In contrast to SAMD9/SAMD9L, loss of EZH2 or MLL3 likely contributes to myeloid tumorigenesis in cooperation with additional specific gene alterations such as of TET2 or genes involved in the p53/Ras pathway, respectively. Distinctive roles with different significance of the loss of multiple responsible genes render the complex nature of myeloid tumors carrying -7/del(7q).
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23
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Davidsson J, Puschmann A, Tedgård U, Bryder D, Nilsson L, Cammenga J. SAMD9 and SAMD9L in inherited predisposition to ataxia, pancytopenia, and myeloid malignancies. Leukemia 2018. [PMID: 29535429 PMCID: PMC5940635 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0074-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Germline mutations in the SAMD9 and SAMD9L genes, located in tandem on chromosome 7, are associated with a clinical spectrum of disorders including the MIRAGE syndrome, ataxia-pancytopenia syndrome and myelodysplasia and leukemia syndrome with monosomy 7 syndrome. Germline gain-of-function mutations increase SAMD9 or SAMD9L's normal antiproliferative effect. This causes pancytopenia and generally restricted growth and/or specific organ hypoplasia in non-hematopoietic tissues. In blood cells, additional somatic aberrations that reverse the germline mutation's effect, and give rise to the clonal expansion of cells with reduced or no antiproliferative effect of SAMD9 or SAMD9L include complete or partial chromosome 7 loss or loss-of-function mutations in SAMD9 or SAMD9L. Furthermore, the complete or partial loss of chromosome 7q may cause myelodysplastic syndrome in these patients. SAMD9 mutations appear to associate with a more severe disease phenotype, including intrauterine growth restriction, developmental delay and hypoplasia of adrenal glands, testes, ovaries or thymus, and most reported patients died in infancy or early childhood due to infections, anemia and/or hemorrhages. SAMD9L mutations have been reported in a few families with balance problems and nystagmus due to cerebellar atrophy, and may lead to similar hematological disease as seen in SAMD9 mutation carriers, from early childhood to adult years. We review the clinical features of these syndromes, discuss the underlying biology, and interpret the genetic findings in some of the affected family members. We provide expert-based recommendations regarding diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment of mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Davidsson
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. .,Department of Molecular Hematology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Andreas Puschmann
- Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf Tedgård
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Bryder
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Nilsson
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jörg Cammenga
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Linköping, Linköping, Sweden. .,Institution for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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24
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Single-cell RNA-seq reveals a distinct transcriptome signature of aneuploid hematopoietic cells. Blood 2017; 130:2762-2773. [PMID: 29030335 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-08-803353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells frequently exhibit chromosomal abnormalities. Specific cytogenetic aberrations often are predictors of outcome, especially in hematologic neoplasms, such as monosomy 7 in myeloid malignancies. The functional consequences of aneuploidy at the cellular level are difficult to assess because of a lack of convenient markers to distinguish abnormal from diploid cells. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to study hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from the bone marrow of 4 healthy donors and 5 patients with bone marrow failure and chromosome gain or loss. In total, transcriptome sequences were obtained from 391 control cells and 588 cells from patients. We characterized normal hematopoiesis as binary differentiation from stem cells to erythroid and myeloid-lymphoid pathways. Aneuploid cells were distinguished from diploid cells in patient samples by computational analyses of read fractions and gene expression of individual chromosomes. We confirmed assignment of aneuploidy to individual cells quantitatively, by copy-number variation, and qualitatively, by loss of heterozygosity. When we projected patients' single cells onto the map of normal hematopoiesis, diverse patterns were observed, broadly reflecting clinical phenotypes. Patients' monosomy 7 cells showed downregulation of genes involved in immune response and DNA damage checkpoint and apoptosis pathways, which may contribute to the clonal expansion of monosomy 7 cells with accumulated gene mutations. scRNA-seq is a powerful technique through which to infer the functional consequences of chromosome gain and loss and explore gene targets for directed therapy.
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25
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Abstract
Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN) arise as a late effect of chemotherapy and/or radiation administered for a primary condition, typically a malignant disease, solid organ transplant or autoimmune disease. Survival is measured in months, not years, making t-MN one of the most aggressive and lethal cancers. In this Review, we discuss recent developments that reframe our understanding of the genetic and environmental aetiology of t-MN. Emerging data are illuminating who is at highest risk of developing t-MN, why t-MN are chemoresistant and how we may use this information to treat and ultimately prevent this lethal disease.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/adverse effects
- Bone Marrow Cells
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7
- Clone Cells/physiology
- Gene-Environment Interaction
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Hematopoiesis
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/etiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Mutation
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/etiology
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/therapy
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/etiology
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/therapy
- Prognosis
- Radiation Exposure/adverse effects
- Risk Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E McNerney
- Department of Pathology and the Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Lucy A Godley
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Michelle M Le Beau
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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26
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Song Q, Peng M, Chu Y, Huang S. Techniques for detecting chromosomal aberrations in myelodysplastic syndromes. Oncotarget 2017; 8:62716-62729. [PMID: 28977983 PMCID: PMC5617543 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of heterogeneous hematologic diseases. Chromosomal aberrations are important for the initiation, development, and progression of MDS. Detection of chromosomal abnormalities in MDS is important for categorization, risk stratification, therapeutic selection, and prognosis evaluation of the disease. Recent progress of multiple techniques has brought powerful molecular cytogenetic information to reveal copy number variation, uniparental disomy, and complex chromosomal aberrations in MDS. In this review, we will introduce some common chromosomal aberrations in MDS and their clinical significance. Then we will explain the application, advantages, and limitations of different techniques for detecting chromosomal abnormalities in MDS. The information in this review may be helpful for clinicians to select appropriate methods in patient-related decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Song
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Peng
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxin Chu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiang Huang
- Molecular department, Kindstar Global, Wuhan, China
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27
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Makishima H. Somatic SETBP1 mutations in myeloid neoplasms. Int J Hematol 2017; 105:732-742. [PMID: 28447248 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-017-2241-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
SETBP1 is a SET-binding protein regulating self-renewal potential through HOXA-protein activation. Somatic SETBP1 mutations were identified by whole exome sequencing in several phenotypes of myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN), including atypical chronic myeloid leukemia, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia as well as in secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML). Surprisingly, its recurrent somatic activated mutations are located at the identical positions of germline mutations reported in congenital Schinzel-Giedion syndrome. In general, somatic SETBP1 mutations have a significant clinical impact on the outcome as poor prognostic factor, due to downstream HOXA-pathway as well as associated aggressive types of chromosomal defects (-7/del(7q) and i(17q)), which is consistent with wild-type SETBP1 activation in aggressive types of acute myeloid leukemia and leukemic evolution. Biologically, mutant SETBP1 attenuates RUNX1 and activates MYB. The studies of mouse models confirmed biological significance of SETBP1 mutations in myeloid leukemogenesis, particularly associated with ASXL1 mutations. SETBP1 is a major oncogene in myeloid neoplasms, which cooperates with various genetic events and causes distinct phenotypes of MDS/MPN and sAML.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/genetics
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/therapy
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic/mortality
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic/therapy
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Juvenile
- Mice
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myb/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myb/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Makishima
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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28
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Gain-of-function SAMD9L mutations cause a syndrome of cytopenia, immunodeficiency, MDS, and neurological symptoms. Blood 2017; 129:2266-2279. [PMID: 28202457 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-10-743302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several monogenic causes of familial myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) have recently been identified. We studied 2 families with cytopenia, predisposition to MDS with chromosome 7 aberrations, immunodeficiency, and progressive cerebellar dysfunction. Genetic studies uncovered heterozygous missense mutations in SAMD9L, a tumor suppressor gene located on chromosome arm 7q. Consistent with a gain-of-function effect, ectopic expression of the 2 identified SAMD9L mutants decreased cell proliferation relative to wild-type protein. Of the 10 individuals identified who were heterozygous for either SAMD9L mutation, 3 developed MDS upon loss of the mutated SAMD9L allele following intracellular infections associated with myeloid, B-, and natural killer (NK)-cell deficiency. Five other individuals, 3 with spontaneously resolved cytopenic episodes in infancy, harbored hematopoietic revertant mosaicism by uniparental disomy of 7q, with loss of the mutated allele or additional in cisSAMD9L truncating mutations. Examination of 1 individual indicated that somatic reversions were postnatally selected. Somatic mutations were tracked to CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cell populations, being further enriched in B and NK cells. Stimulation of these cell types with interferon (IFN)-α or IFN-γ induced SAMD9L expression. Clinically, revertant mosaicism was associated with milder disease, yet neurological manifestations persisted in 3 individuals. Two carriers also harbored a rare, in trans germ line SAMD9L missense loss-of-function variant, potentially counteracting the SAMD9L mutation. Our results demonstrate that gain-of-function mutations in the tumor suppressor SAMD9L cause cytopenia, immunodeficiency, variable neurological presentation, and predisposition to MDS with -7/del(7q), whereas hematopoietic revertant mosaicism commonly ameliorated clinical manifestations. The findings suggest a role for SAMD9L in regulating IFN-driven, demand-adapted hematopoiesis.
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29
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Palau A, Mallo M, Palomo L, Rodríguez-Hernández I, Diesch J, Campos D, Granada I, Juncà J, Drexler HG, Solé F, Buschbeck M. Immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, and mutational characterization of cell lines derived from myelodysplastic syndrome patients after progression to acute myeloid leukemia. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2016; 56:243-252. [PMID: 27750403 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia cell lines have been widely used in the hematology field to unravel mechanistic insights and to test new therapeutic strategies. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) comprise a heterogeneous group of diseases that are characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and frequent progress to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A few cell lines have been established from MDS patients after progression to AML but their characterization is incomplete. Here we provide a detailed description of the immunophenotypic profile of the MDS-derived cell lines SKK-1, SKM-1, F-36P; and MOLM-13. Specifically, we analyzed a comprehensive panel of markers that are currently applied in the diagnostic routine for myeloid disorders. To provide high-resolution genetic data comprising copy number alterations and losses of heterozygosity we performed whole genome single nucleotide polymorphism-based arrays and included the cell line OHN-GM that harbors the frequent chromosome arm 5q deletion. Furthermore, we assessed the mutational status of 83 disease-relevant genes. Our results provide a resource to the MDS and AML field that allows researchers to choose the best-matching cell line for their functional studies. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Palau
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Campus ICO - Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Mar Mallo
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Campus ICO - Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Laura Palomo
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Campus ICO - Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Ines Rodríguez-Hernández
- Clinical Hematology Department, ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Jeannine Diesch
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Campus ICO - Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Diana Campos
- Clinical Hematology Department, ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Isabel Granada
- Clinical Hematology Department, ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Jordi Juncà
- Clinical Hematology Department, ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Hans G Drexler
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ, German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Francesc Solé
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Campus ICO - Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Marcus Buschbeck
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Campus ICO - Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
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30
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Negoro E, Radivoyevitch T, Polprasert C, Adema V, Hosono N, Makishima H, Przychodzen B, Hirsch C, Clemente MJ, Nazha A, Santini V, McGraw KL, List AF, Sole F, Sekeres MA, Maciejewski JP. Molecular predictors of response in patients with myeloid neoplasms treated with lenalidomide. Leukemia 2016; 30:2405-2409. [PMID: 27560106 PMCID: PMC5143200 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Negoro
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - T Radivoyevitch
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - C Polprasert
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - V Adema
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Hosono
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - H Makishima
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - B Przychodzen
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - C Hirsch
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - M J Clemente
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - A Nazha
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - V Santini
- Hematology Unit, AOU Careggi, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - K L McGraw
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - A F List
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - F Sole
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M A Sekeres
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - J P Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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31
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Goswami RS, Wang SA, DiNardo C, Tang Z, Li Y, Zuo W, Hu S, Li S, Medeiros LJ, Tang G. Newly emerged isolated Del(7q) in patients with prior cytotoxic therapies may not always be associated with therapy-related myeloid neoplasms. Mod Pathol 2016; 29:727-34. [PMID: 27056073 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Deletion 7q is a common chromosomal abnormality in myeloid neoplasms. Detection of del(7q) in patients following cytotoxic therapies is highly suggestive of an emerging therapy-related myeloid neoplasm. In this study, we describe 39 patients who acquired del(7q) as a sole abnormality in their bone marrow following cytotoxic therapies for malignant neoplasms. The median interval from cytotoxic therapies to detection of del(7q) was 40 months (range, 4-190 months). Twenty-eight patients showed an interstitial and 11 showed a terminal 7q deletion. Fifteen patients (38%) had del(7q) as a large clone and 24 (62%) as a small clone. With a median follow-up of 21 months (range, 1-135 months), 18 (46%) patients developed therapy-related myeloid neoplasms, including all 15 patients with a large del(7q) clone and 3/24 (12.5%) with a small clone. Of the remaining 21 patients with a small del(7q) clone, 16 showed no evidence of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms and 5 had an inconclusive pathological diagnosis. We conclude that isolated del(7q) emerging in patients after cytotoxic therapy may not always be associated with therapy-related myeloid neoplasms in about half of patients. The clone size of del(7q) is critical; a large clone is almost always associated with therapy-related myeloid neoplasms, whereas a small clone can be a clinically indolent or transient finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi S Goswami
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Laboratory Hematology, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sa A Wang
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Courtney DiNardo
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhenya Tang
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wenli Zuo
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shimin Hu
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shaoying Li
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guilin Tang
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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32
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Sun R, Wang C, Zhong X, Wu Y. Diabetes Insipidus as an Initial Presentation of Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Diagnosis with Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Array-Based Karyotyping. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2016; 238:305-10. [PMID: 27075406 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.238.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Sun
- Department of Hematology and Hematology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Xushu Zhong
- Department of Hematology and Hematology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Hematology and Hematology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University
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33
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Kim SY, Im K, Park SN, Kwon J, Kim JA, Choi Q, Hwang SM, Han SH, Kwon S, Oh IH, Lee DS. Asymmetric aneuploidy in mesenchymal stromal cells detected by in situ karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization: suggestions for reference values for stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:77-92. [PMID: 25019198 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytogenetic testing is important to ensure patient safety before therapeutic application of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). However, the standardized methods and criteria for the screening of chromosomal abnormalities of MSCs have not yet been determined. We investigated the frequency of cytogenetic aberrations in MSCs using G-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and suggest reference values for aneuploidy in MSCs. Cytogenetic analysis was performed on 103 consecutive cultures from 68 MSCs (25 adipose-origin, 20 bone marrow-origin, 18 cord blood-origin, and 5 neural stem cells; 8 from adipose tissue of patients with breast cancer and 60 from healthy donors). We compared the MSC aneuploidy patterns with those of hematological malignancies and benign hematological diseases. Interphase FISH showed variable aneuploid clone proportions (1%-20%) in 68 MSCs. The aneuploidy patterns were asymmetric, and aneuploidy of chromosomes 16, 17, 18, and X occurred most frequently. Clones with polysomy were significantly more abundant than those with monosomy. The cutoff value of maximum polysomy rates (upper 95th percentile value) was 13.0%. By G-banding, 5 of the 61 MSCs presented clonal chromosomal aberrations. Aneuploidy was asymmetric in the malignant hematological diseases, while it was symmetric in the benign hematological diseases. We suggest an aneuploidy cutoff value of 13%, and FISH for aneuploidy of chromosomes 16, 17, 18, and X would be informative to evaluate the genetic stability of MSCs. Although it is unclear whether the aneuploid clones might represent the senescent cell population or transformed cells, more attention should be focused on the safety of MSCs, and G-banding combined with FISH should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Young Kim
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
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34
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Wong JC, Weinfurtner KM, Alzamora MDP, Kogan SC, Burgess MR, Zhang Y, Nakitandwe J, Ma J, Cheng J, Chen SC, Ho TT, Flach J, Reynaud D, Passegué E, Downing JR, Shannon K. Functional evidence implicating chromosome 7q22 haploinsufficiency in myelodysplastic syndrome pathogenesis. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26193121 PMCID: PMC4569895 DOI: 10.7554/elife.07839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 7 deletions are highly prevalent in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and likely contribute to aberrant growth through haploinsufficiency. We generated mice with a heterozygous germ line deletion of a 2-Mb interval of chromosome band 5A3 syntenic to a commonly deleted segment of human 7q22 and show that mutant hematopoietic cells exhibit cardinal features of MDS. Specifically, the long-term hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment is expanded in 5A3(+/del) mice, and the distribution of myeloid progenitors is altered. 5A3(+/del) HSCs are defective for lymphoid repopulating potential and show a myeloid lineage output bias. These cell autonomous abnormalities are exacerbated by physiologic aging and upon serial transplantation. The 5A3 deletion partially rescues defective repopulation in Gata2 mutant mice. 5A3(+/del) hematopoietic cells exhibit decreased expression of oxidative phosphorylation genes, increased levels of reactive oxygen species, and perturbed oxygen consumption. These studies provide the first functional data linking 7q22 deletions to MDS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine C Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Kelley M Weinfurtner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | | | - Scott C Kogan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Michael R Burgess
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Yan Zhang
- Unit of Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Transgenic Animal Models, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Joy Nakitandwe
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Jinjun Cheng
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Shann-Ching Chen
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Theodore T Ho
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Johanna Flach
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Damien Reynaud
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Emmanuelle Passegué
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - James R Downing
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Kevin Shannon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
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35
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Kotini AG, Chang CJ, Boussaad I, Delrow JJ, Dolezal EK, Nagulapally AB, Perna F, Fishbein GA, Klimek VM, Hawkins RD, Huangfu D, Murry CE, Graubert T, Nimer SD, Papapetrou EP. Functional analysis of a chromosomal deletion associated with myelodysplastic syndromes using isogenic human induced pluripotent stem cells. Nat Biotechnol 2015; 33:646-55. [PMID: 25798938 PMCID: PMC4464949 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal deletions associated with human diseases, such as cancer are common, but synteny issues complicate modeling of these deletions in mice. We use cellular reprogramming and genome engineering to functionally dissect the loss of chromosome 7q [del(7q)], a somatic cytogenetic abnormality present in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). We derive del(7q)- and isogenic karyotypically normal induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from hematopoietic cells of MDS patients and show that the del(7q) iPSCs recapitulate disease-associated phenotypes, including impaired hematopoietic differentiation. These disease phenotypes are rescued by spontaneous dosage correction and can be reproduced in karyotypically normal cells by engineering hemizygosity of defined chr7q segments, in a 20 Mb region. We use a phenotype-rescue screen to identify candidate haploinsufficient genes that might mediate the del(7q)- hematopoietic defect. Our approach highlights the utility of human iPSCs both for functional mapping of disease-associated large-scale chromosomal deletions and for discovery of haploinsufficient genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriana G Kotini
- 1] Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA. [2] The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA. [3] The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chan-Jung Chang
- 1] Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA. [2] The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA. [3] The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ibrahim Boussaad
- 1] Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. [2] Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Delrow
- Genomics Resource, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Emily K Dolezal
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Abhinav B Nagulapally
- 1] Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. [2] Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Fabiana Perna
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gregory A Fishbein
- 1] Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. [2] Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Virginia M Klimek
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - R David Hawkins
- 1] Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. [2] Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Danwei Huangfu
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Charles E Murry
- 1] Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. [2] Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. [3] Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. [4] Department of Bioengineering University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. [5] Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Timothy Graubert
- MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen D Nimer
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Eirini P Papapetrou
- 1] Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA. [2] The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA. [3] The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA. [4] Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. [5] Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. [6] Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. [7] Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Wong E, Ling V, Westerman D, Morgan S, Juneja S. How unique is pure erythroid leukaemia? A retrospective analysis of seven cases and review of the literature. J Clin Pathol 2015; 68:301-5. [PMID: 25609576 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Pure erythroid leukaemia (PEL) is a rare subtype of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and its clinicopathological features are not well-defined. The aim of this study was to describe the immunophenotypic, cytogenetic and clinical features of PEL and to compare these with cases of AML with ≥ 50% erythroblasts. METHODS Cases of PEL according to WHO morphological criteria diagnosed at three institutions from 1997 to 2013 were included. A comparison cohort comprised of AML with ≥ 50% erythroblasts. The clinical, histopathology, immunophenotypic and cytogenetic features of cases were analysed. We also reviewed the existing literature on PEL, and combined our cohort with previously reported cases of PEL in a pooled analysis. RESULTS There were seven cases of PEL diagnosed at our institutions. There was a high incidence of either prior chemoradiotherapy exposure or evolution from pre-existing myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) (71%). The leukaemic blasts frequently expressed glycophorin C (100%), CD117 (83%) and were myeloperoxidase negative (83%). Complex karyotypes were present in 83% of cases. Median overall survival was 2.9 months. Compared with AML with ≥ 50% erythroblasts, cases of PEL demonstrated a higher incidence of adverse-risk cytogenetics (p=0.01) and prior exposure to chemoradiotherapy (p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS PEL appears to be a unique entity that is often secondary or therapy related, commonly features a complex karyotype and has a poor prognosis. It is morphologically and immunophenotypically distinct from other cases of AML with erythroid hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Wong
- Department of Diagnostic Haematology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victoria Ling
- Department of Diagnostic Haematology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Westerman
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan Morgan
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Surender Juneja
- Department of Diagnostic Haematology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Telomere attrition and candidate gene mutations preceding monosomy 7 in aplastic anemia. Blood 2014; 125:706-9. [PMID: 25406353 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-10-607572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of severe aplastic anemia (SAA) is immune-mediated destruction of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Most patients respond to immunosuppressive therapies, but a minority transform to myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), frequently associated with monosomy 7 (-7). Thirteen SAA patients were analyzed for acquired mutations in myeloid cells at the time of evolution to -7, and all had a dominant HSPC clone bearing specific acquired mutations. However, mutations in genes associated with MDS/AML were present in only 4 cases. Patients who evolved to MDS and AML showed marked progressive telomere attrition before the emergence of -7. Single telomere length analysis confirmed accumulation of short telomere fragments of individual chromosomes. Our results indicate that accelerated telomere attrition in the setting of a decreased HSPC pool is characteristic of early myeloid oncogenesis, specifically chromosome 7 loss, in MDS/AML after SAA, and provides a possible mechanism for development of aneuploidy.
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Honda H, Nagamachi A, Inaba T. -7/7q- syndrome in myeloid-lineage hematopoietic malignancies: attempts to understand this complex disease entity. Oncogene 2014; 34:2413-25. [PMID: 24998854 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The recurrence of chromosomal abnormalities in a specific subtype of cancer strongly suggests that dysregulated gene expression in the corresponding region has a critical role in disease pathogenesis. -7/7q-, defined as the entire loss of chromosome 7 and partial deletion of its long arm, is among the most frequently observed chromosomal aberrations in myeloid-lineage hematopoietic malignancies such as myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia, particularly in patients treated with cytotoxic agents and/or irradiation. Tremendous efforts have been made to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease development, and several possible candidate genes have been cloned. However, the study is still underway, and the entire nature of this syndrome is not completely understood. In this review, we focus on the attempts to identify commonly deleted regions in patients with -7/7q-; isolate the candidate genes responsible for disease development, cooperative genes and the factors affecting disease prognosis; and determine effective and potent therapeutic approaches. We also refer to the possibility that the accumulation of multiple gene haploinsufficiency, rather than the loss of a single tumor suppressor gene, may contribute to the development of diseases with large chromosomal deletions such as -7/7q-.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Honda
- Department of Disease Model, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - A Nagamachi
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Leukemia Program Project, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - T Inaba
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Leukemia Program Project, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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