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Halik A, Tilgner M, Silva P, Estrada N, Altwasser R, Jahn E, Heuser M, Hou HA, Pratcorona M, Hills RK, Metzeler KH, Fenwarth L, Dolnik A, Terre C, Kopp K, Blau O, Szyska M, Christen F, Krönke J, Vasseur L, Löwenberg B, Esteve J, Valk PJM, Duchmann M, Chou WC, Linch DC, Döhner H, Gale RE, Döhner K, Bullinger L, Yoshida K, Damm F. Genomic characterization of AML with aberrations of chromosome 7: a multinational cohort of 519 patients. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:70. [PMID: 39160538 PMCID: PMC11331663 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01590-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deletions and partial losses of chromosome 7 (chr7) are frequent in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and are linked to dismal outcome. However, the genomic landscape and prognostic impact of concomitant genetic aberrations remain incompletely understood. METHODS To discover genetic lesions in adult AML patients with aberrations of chromosome 7 [abn(7)], 60 paired diagnostic/remission samples were investigated by whole-exome sequencing in the exploration cohort. Subsequently, a gene panel including 66 genes and a SNP backbone for copy-number variation detection was designed and applied to the remaining samples of the validation cohort. In total, 519 patients were investigated, of which 415 received intensive induction treatment, typically containing a combination of cytarabine and anthracyclines. RESULTS In the exploration cohort, the most frequently mutated gene was TP53 (33%), followed by epigenetic regulators (DNMT3A, KMT2C, IDH2) and signaling genes (NRAS, PTPN11). Thirty percent of 519 patients harbored ≥ 1 mutation in genes located in commonly deleted regions of chr7-most frequently affecting KMT2C (16%) and EZH2 (10%). KMT2C mutations were often subclonal and enriched in patients with del(7q), de novo or core-binding factor AML (45%). Cancer cell fraction analysis and reconstruction of mutation acquisition identified TP53 mutations as mainly disease-initiating events, while del(7q) or -7 appeared as subclonal events in one-third of cases. Multivariable analysis identified five genetic lesions with significant prognostic impact in intensively treated AML patients with abn(7). Mutations in TP53 and PTPN11 (11%) showed the strongest association with worse overall survival (OS, TP53: hazard ratio [HR], 2.53 [95% CI 1.66-3.86]; P < 0.001; PTPN11: HR, 2.24 [95% CI 1.56-3.22]; P < 0.001) and relapse-free survival (RFS, TP53: HR, 2.3 [95% CI 1.25-4.26]; P = 0.008; PTPN11: HR, 2.32 [95% CI 1.33-4.04]; P = 0.003). By contrast, IDH2-mutated patients (9%) displayed prolonged OS (HR, 0.51 [95% CI 0.30-0.88]; P = 0.0015) and durable responses (RFS: HR, 0.5 [95% CI 0.26-0.96]; P = 0.036). CONCLUSION This work unraveled formerly underestimated genetic lesions and provides a comprehensive overview of the spectrum of recurrent gene mutations and their clinical relevance in AML with abn(7). KMT2C mutations are among the most frequent gene mutations in this heterogeneous AML subgroup and warrant further functional investigation.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Female
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Adult
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/genetics
- Aged
- Mutation
- Cohort Studies
- Young Adult
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Prognosis
- Aged, 80 and over
- Adolescent
- Exome Sequencing
- DNA Copy Number Variations
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Genomics/methods
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriane Halik
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marlon Tilgner
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patricia Silva
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalia Estrada
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Altwasser
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Jahn
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Heuser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Hsin-An Hou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung Shan South Road, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Marta Pratcorona
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Institut de Recerca Sant Pau. Department of Medicine, Universitat Autonoma of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert K Hills
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Klaus H Metzeler
- Department of Hematology, Cell Therapy, Hemostaseology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laurene Fenwarth
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 9020-UMR1277, Canther-Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, University of Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INSERM, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) Lille, Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), Lille, France
| | - Anna Dolnik
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Terre
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique, Service de Biologie, CH de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France
| | - Klara Kopp
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga Blau
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Szyska
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friederike Christen
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Krönke
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (Deutsches Konsortium Für Translationale Krebsforschung, DKTK), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Loïc Vasseur
- Hematology Department, Saint Louis Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Bob Löwenberg
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, and Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jordi Esteve
- Hematology Department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter J M Valk
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, and Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthieu Duchmann
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis (IRSL), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U944, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7212 GenCellDis, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Wen-Chien Chou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung Shan South Road, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - David C Linch
- Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Hartmut Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rosemary E Gale
- Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Konstanze Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lars Bullinger
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (Deutsches Konsortium Für Translationale Krebsforschung, DKTK), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kenichi Yoshida
- Division of Cancer Evolution, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Frederik Damm
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (Deutsches Konsortium Für Translationale Krebsforschung, DKTK), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany.
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Chang BH, Thiel-Klare K, Tyner JW. In vivo Targeting MEK and TNK2/SRC pathways in PTPN11 driven leukemia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.16.594555. [PMID: 38798550 PMCID: PMC11118393 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.16.594555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
PTPN11 encodes for a tyrosine phosphatase implicated in the pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies such as Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML), Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). Since activating mutations of PTPN11 increase proliferative signaling and cell survival through the RAS/MAPK proliferative pathway there is significant interest in using MEK inhibitors for clinical benefit. Yet, single agent clinical activity has been minimal. Previously, we showed that PTPN11 is further activated by upstream tyrosine kinases TNK2/SRC, and that PTPN11-mutant JMML and AML cells are sensitive to TNK2 inhibition using dasatinib. In order to validate these findings, we adopted a genetically engineered mouse model of PTPN11 driven leukemia using the mouse strain 129S/Sv- Ptpn11 tm6Bgn /Mmucd crossed with B6.129P2- Lyz2 tm1(cre)Ifo /J. The F1 progeny expressing Ptpn11 D61Y within hematopoietic cells destined along the granulocyte-monocyte progenitor lineage developed a fatal myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neutrophilia and monocytosis, and infiltration of myeloid cells into the liver and spleen. Cohorts of Ptpn11 D61Y expressing animals treated with combination of dasatinib and trametinib for an extended period of time was well tolerated and had a significant effect in mitigating disease parameters compared to single agents. Finally, a primary patient-derived xenograft model using a myeloid leukemia with PTPN11 F71L also displayed improved disease response to combination. Collectively, these studies point to combined therapies targeting MEK and TNK2/SRC as a promising therapeutic potential for PTPN11-mutant leukemias. Key Points Combining MEK and TNK2/SRC inhibitors has therapeutic potential in PTPN11 mutant JMML and AML.
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Chatzikalil E, Roka K, Diamantopoulos PT, Rigatou E, Avgerinou G, Kattamis A, Solomou EE. Venetoclax Combination Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Adolescents and Young Adult Patients. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2046. [PMID: 38610812 PMCID: PMC11012941 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13072046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the prognosis in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has significantly improved. The standard intensive cytotoxic treatment approach for AYAs with AML, consisting of induction chemotherapy with anthracycline/cytarabine combination followed by consolidation chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation, has lately been shifting toward novel targeted therapies, mostly in the fields of clinical trials. One of the most recent advances in treating AML is the combination of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) inhibitor venetoclax with hypomethylating agents, which has been studied in elderly populations and was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for patients over 75 years of age or patients excluded from intensive chemotherapy induction schemas due to comorbidities. Regarding the AYA population, venetoclax combination therapy could be a therapeutic option for patients with refractory/relapsed (R/R) AML, although data from real-world studies are currently limited. Venetoclax is frequently used by AYAs diagnosed with advanced hematologic malignancies, mainly acute lymphoblastic leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes, as a salvage therapeutic option with considerable efficacy and safety. Herein, we aim to summarize the evidence obtained from clinical trials and observational studies on venetoclax use in AYAs with AML. Based on the available evidence, venetoclax is a safe and effective therapeutic option for R/R AML AYA patients. However, further research in larger cohorts is needed to confirm these data, establishing the benefits of a venetoclax-based regimen for this special population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Chatzikalil
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.C.); (K.R.); (E.R.); (G.A.); (A.K.)
- “Aghia Sofia” Children’s Hospital ERN-PeadCan Center, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Kleoniki Roka
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.C.); (K.R.); (E.R.); (G.A.); (A.K.)
- “Aghia Sofia” Children’s Hospital ERN-PeadCan Center, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis T. Diamantopoulos
- First Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Efthymia Rigatou
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.C.); (K.R.); (E.R.); (G.A.); (A.K.)
- “Aghia Sofia” Children’s Hospital ERN-PeadCan Center, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Avgerinou
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.C.); (K.R.); (E.R.); (G.A.); (A.K.)
- “Aghia Sofia” Children’s Hospital ERN-PeadCan Center, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonis Kattamis
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.C.); (K.R.); (E.R.); (G.A.); (A.K.)
- “Aghia Sofia” Children’s Hospital ERN-PeadCan Center, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Elena E. Solomou
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, 26500 Rion, Greece
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Lai A, Liu W, Wei H, Wang Y, Lin D, Zhou C, Liu B, Gu R, Li Y, Wei S, Gong B, Liu K, Gong X, Liu Y, Zhang G, Zhang J, Mi Y, Wang J, Qiu S. The RTK-RAS signaling pathway is enriched in patients with rare acute myeloid leukemia harboring t(16;21)(p11;q22)/ FUS::ERG. BLOOD SCIENCE 2024; 6:e00188. [PMID: 38742238 PMCID: PMC11090622 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with t(16;21)(p11;q22)/FUS::ERG is a rare AML subtype associated with poor prognosis. However, its clinical and molecular features remain poorly defined. We determined the clinicopathological, genomic, and transcriptomic characteristics and outcomes of patients with AML harboring FUS::ERG at our center. Thirty-six AML patients harboring FUS::ERG were identified, with an incidence rate of 0.3%. These patients were characterized by high lactate dehydrogenase levels (median: 838.5 U/L), elevated bone marrow blast counts (median: 71.5%), and a CD56-positive immunophenotype (94.3%). Notably, we found that RTK-RAS GTPase (RAS) pathway genes, including NRAS (33%) and PTPN11 (24%), were frequently mutated in this subtype. Transcriptome analysis revealed enrichment of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-Akt (PI3K-Akt), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and RAS signaling pathways and upregulation of BCL2, the target of venetoclax, in FUS::ERG AML compared to RUNX1::RUNX1T1 AML, a more common AML subtype with good prognosis. The median event-free survival in patients with FUS::ERG AML was 11.9 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.0-not available [NA]) months and the median overall survival was 18.2 (95% CI: 12.4-NA) months. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation failed to improve outcomes. Overall, the high incidence of RTK-RAS pathway mutations and high expression of BCL2 may indicate promising therapeutic targets in this high-risk AML subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anli Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Wenbing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Hui Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Dong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Chunlin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Bingcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Runxia Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Shuning Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Benfa Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Kaiqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Yuntao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Guangji Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Junping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Yingchang Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Shaowei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
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Rahmé R, Braun T. Venetoclax Combined with Intensive Chemotherapy: A New Hope for Refractory and/or Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia? J Clin Med 2024; 13:549. [PMID: 38256681 PMCID: PMC10816428 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background. Primary resistance of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) to the conventional 3 + 7 intensive chemotherapy and relapses after first-line chemotherapy are two highly challenging clinical scenarios. In these cases, when allogeneic stem cell transplantation is feasible, patients are usually retreated with other chemotherapeutic regimens, as transplantation is still considered, nowadays, the only curative option. Methods. We discuss the mechanisms behind resistance to chemotherapy and offer a comprehensive review on current treatments of refractory/relapsed AML with a focus on novel approaches incorporating the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax. Results. Alas, complete remission rates after salvage chemotherapy remain relatively low, between 30 and 60% at best. More recently, the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax was combined either with hypomethylating agents or chemotherapy in refractory/relapsed patients. In particular, its combination with chemotherapy offered promising results by achieving higher rates of remission and bridging a substantial number of patients to transplantation. Conclusions. Venetoclax-based approaches might become, in the near future, the new standard of care for refractory/relapsed AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramy Rahmé
- Hematology Department, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 93000 Bobigny, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93017 Bobigny, France;
| | - Thorsten Braun
- Hematology Department, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 93000 Bobigny, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93017 Bobigny, France;
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Ke P, Xie J, Xu T, Chen M, Guo Y, Wang Y, Qiu H, Wu D, Zeng Z, Chen S, Bao X. Identification of a venetoclax-resistance prognostic signature base on 6-senescence genes and its clinical significance for acute myeloid leukemia. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1302356. [PMID: 38098504 PMCID: PMC10720639 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1302356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Satisfactory responses can be obtained for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated by Venetoclax (VEN)-based therapy. However, there are still quite a few AML patients (AMLs) resistant to VEN, and it is critical to understand whether VEN-resistance is regulated by senescence. Methods Here, we established and validated a signature for predicting AML prognosis based on VEN resistance-related senescence genes (VRSGs). In this study, 51 senescence genes were identified with VEN-resistance in AML. Using LASSO algorithms and multiple AML cohorts, a VEN-resistance senescence prognostic model (VRSP-M) was developed and validated based on 6-senescence genes. Results According to the median score of the signature, AMLs were classified into two subtypes. A worse prognosis and more adverse features occurred in the high-risk subtype, including older patients, non-de novo AML, poor cytogenetics, adverse risk of European LeukemiaNet (ELN) 2017 recommendation, and TP53 mutation. Patients in the high-risk subtype were mainly involved in monocyte differentiation, senescence, NADPH oxidases, and PD1 signaling pathway. The model's risk score was significantly associated with VEN-resistance, immune features, and immunotherapy response in AML. In vitro, the IC50 values of ABT-199 (VEN) rose progressively with increasing expression of G6PD and BAG3 in AML cell lines. Conclusions The 6-senescence genes prognostic model has significant meaning for the prediction of VEN-resistance, guiding personalized molecularly targeted therapies, and improving AML prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ke
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jundan Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ting Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meiyu Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yusha Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huiying Qiu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Depei Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhao Zeng
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Suning Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiebing Bao
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Leśniak M, Lipniarska J, Majka P, Lejman M, Zawitkowska J. Recent Updates in Venetoclax Combination Therapies in Pediatric Hematological Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16708. [PMID: 38069030 PMCID: PMC10706781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Venetoclax is a strongly effective B-cell lymphoma-2 inhibitor (BCL-2) with an ability to selectively restore the apoptotic potential of cancerous cells. It has been proven that in combination with immunotherapy, targeted therapies, and lower-intensity therapies such as hypomethylating agents (HMAs) or low-dose cytarabine (LDAC), the drug can improve overall outcomes for adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and multiple myeloma (MM), amongst other hematological malignancies, but its benefit in pediatric hematology remains unclear. With a number of preclinical and clinical trials emerging, the newest findings suggest that in many cases of younger patients, venetoclax combination treatment can be well-tolerated, with a safety profile similar to that in adults, despite often leading to severe infections. Studies aim to determine the activity of BCL-2 inhibitor in the treatment of both primary and refractory acute leukemias in combination with standard and high-dose chemotherapy. Although more research is required to identify the optimal venetoclax-based regimen for the pediatric population and its long-term effects on patients' outcomes, it can become a potential therapeutic agent for pediatric oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Leśniak
- Student Scientific Society of Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.L.); (J.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Justyna Lipniarska
- Student Scientific Society of Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.L.); (J.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Patrycja Majka
- Student Scientific Society of Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.L.); (J.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Monika Lejman
- Independent Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Joanna Zawitkowska
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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8
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Huang G, Yin Z, Wang X, Wen Z, Su R, Li C, Liu Y, Yang J, Hu H, Nie H, Zeng X, Fei J. System analysis of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang and their key active ingredients for overcoming CML resistance by suppression of leukemia stem cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 117:154918. [PMID: 37329755 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BCR-ABL1-based resistance to imatinib, mainly resulting from BCR-ABL1 mutations, is largely solved after second- and third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are discovered. Nonetheless, imatinib resistance without BCR-ABL1 mutations, including intrinsic resistance induced by stem cells within chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), remains the major clinical challenge for many patients. PURPOSE To study the key active ingredients and corresponding target proteins in Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang (HLJDT) against BCR-ABL1-independent CML resistance to therapeutics, and then explore its mechanism of against CML drug resistance. METHODS Cytotoxicity of HLJDT and its active ingredients in BCR-ABL1-independent imatinib resistance cells was analyzed through MTT assay. The cloning ability was measured through soft agar assay. Monitoring therapeutic effect on Xenografted mice CML model by in vivo imaging technology and mice survival time. Predicting the potential target protein binding sites by the technology of photocrosslinking sensor chip, molecular space simulation docking, and use Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) technology . Flow cytometry to detect the ratio of stem progenitor cells (CD34+). Constructing bone marrow transplantation mice CML leukemia model, detect the effects on leukemia stem cells LSK (Lin-\ Sca-1+ \C-kit+) self-renewal. RESULTS Treatment with HLJDT, berberine and baicalein inhibited cell viability and colony formation of BCR-ABL1-independent imatinib-resistant cells in vitro while prolonging survival in mouse with CML xenografts and transplatation CML-like mouse models in vivo. JAK2 and MCL1were identified as targets of berberine and baicalein. JAK2 and MCL1 are involved in multi-leukemia stem cell-related pathways. Moreover, the ratio of CD34+ cells in resistant CML cells is higher than in treatment-sensitive CML cells. Treatment with BBR or baicalein partially suppressed CML leukemic stem cells (LSCs) self-renewal in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION From the above, we concluded that HLJDT and its key active ingredients (BBR and baicalein) allowed to overcome imatinib resistance with BCR-ABL1 independent by eradication of LSCs by targeting the JAK2 and MCL1 protein levels. Our results lay the foundation for applying HLJDT in patients with TKI-resistant CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiping Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Development for Small Nucleic Acids, Guangzhou 510632, China; Antisense Biopharmaceutical Technology Company, Limited, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhao Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Development for Small Nucleic Acids, Guangzhou 510632, China; Antisense Biopharmaceutical Technology Company, Limited, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan university, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Xiuyuan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Development for Small Nucleic Acids, Guangzhou 510632, China; Antisense Biopharmaceutical Technology Company, Limited, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ziqi Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Development for Small Nucleic Acids, Guangzhou 510632, China; Antisense Biopharmaceutical Technology Company, Limited, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Rui Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Development for Small Nucleic Acids, Guangzhou 510632, China; Antisense Biopharmaceutical Technology Company, Limited, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chuting Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Development for Small Nucleic Acids, Guangzhou 510632, China; Antisense Biopharmaceutical Technology Company, Limited, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Development for Small Nucleic Acids, Guangzhou 510632, China; Antisense Biopharmaceutical Technology Company, Limited, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Juhua Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Development for Small Nucleic Acids, Guangzhou 510632, China; Antisense Biopharmaceutical Technology Company, Limited, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Department of Oncology, Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Hong Nie
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization andInnovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Xiaobin Zeng
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Guangdong, Shenzhen 518020, China.
| | - Jia Fei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Development for Small Nucleic Acids, Guangzhou 510632, China; Antisense Biopharmaceutical Technology Company, Limited, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Griffioen MS, de Leeuw DC, Janssen JJWM, Smit L. Targeting Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Venetoclax; Biomarkers for Sensitivity and Rationale for Venetoclax-Based Combination Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143456. [PMID: 35884517 PMCID: PMC9318140 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Venetoclax has proven to be a promising therapy for newly diagnosed, relapsed and refractory AML patients ineligible for induction chemotherapy. Current ongoing clinical trials are evaluating its effectivity as frontline therapy for all acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. However, response rates vary wildly, depending on patient characteristics and mutational profiles. This review elaborates on the efficacy and safety of venetoclax compared to conventional chemotherapy for treatment of AML patients, comparing the response rates, overall survival and adverse events. Moreover, it gives an overview of genetic and epigenetic AML cell characteristics that give enhanced or decreased response to venetoclax and offers insights into the pathogenesis of venetoclax sensitivity and resistance. Additionally, it suggests possible treatment combinations predicted to be successful based on identified mechanisms influencing venetoclax sensitivity of AML cells. Abstract Venetoclax is a BCL-2 inhibitor that effectively improves clinical outcomes in newly diagnosed, relapsed and refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, with complete response rates (with and without complete blood count recovery) ranging between 34–90% and 21–33%, respectively. Here, we aim to give an overview of the efficacy of venetoclax-based therapy for AML patients, as compared to standard chemotherapy, and on factors and mechanisms involved in venetoclax sensitivity and resistance in AML (stem) cells, with the aim to obtain a perspective of response biomarkers and combination therapies that could enhance the sensitivity of AML cells to venetoclax. The presence of molecular aberrancies can predict responses to venetoclax, with a higher response in NPM1-, IDH1/2-, TET2- and relapsed or refractory RUNX1-mutated AML. Decreased sensitivity to venetoclax was observed in patients harboring FLT3-ITD, TP53, K/NRAS or PTPN11 mutations. Moreover, resistance to venetoclax was observed in AML with a monocytic phenotype and patients pre-treated with hypomethylating agents. Resistance to venetoclax can arise due to mutations in BCL-2 or pro-apoptotic proteins, an increased dependency on MCL-1, and usage of additional/alternative sources for energy metabolism, such as glycolysis and fatty acid metabolism. Clinical studies are testing combination therapies that may circumvent resistance, including venetoclax combined with FLT3- and MCL-1 inhibitors, to enhance venetoclax-induced cell death. Other treatments that can potentially synergize with venetoclax, including MEK1/2 and mitochondrial complex inhibitors, need to be evaluated in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mila S Griffioen
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David C de Leeuw
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J W M Janssen
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Smit
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Montero J, Haq R. Adapted to Survive: Targeting Cancer Cells with BH3 Mimetics. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:1217-1232. [PMID: 35491624 PMCID: PMC9306285 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of cancer is cell death evasion, underlying suboptimal responses to chemotherapy, targeted agents, and immunotherapies. The approval of the antiapoptotic BCL2 antagonist venetoclax has finally validated the potential of targeting apoptotic pathways in patients with cancer. Nevertheless, pharmacologic modulators of cell death have shown markedly varied responses in preclinical and clinical studies. Here, we review emerging concepts in the use of this class of therapies. Building on these observations, we propose that treatment-induced changes in apoptotic dependency, rather than pretreatment dependencies, will need to be recognized and targeted to realize the precise deployment of these new pharmacologic agents. SIGNIFICANCE Targeting antiapoptotic family members has proven efficacious and tolerable in some cancers, but responses are infrequent, particularly for patients with solid tumors. Biomarkers to aid patient selection have been lacking. Precision functional approaches that overcome adaptive resistance to these compounds could drive durable responses to chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Montero
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.,Corresponding Authors: Rizwan Haq, Department of Medical Oncology M423A, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215. Phone: 617-632-6168; E-mail: ; and Joan Montero, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), c/Baldiri Reixac 15-21, Barcelona 08028, Spain. Phone: 34-93-403-9956; E-mail:
| | - Rizwan Haq
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Corresponding Authors: Rizwan Haq, Department of Medical Oncology M423A, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215. Phone: 617-632-6168; E-mail: ; and Joan Montero, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), c/Baldiri Reixac 15-21, Barcelona 08028, Spain. Phone: 34-93-403-9956; E-mail:
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11
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Yuan O, Ugale A, de Marchi T, Anthonydhason V, Konturek-Ciesla A, Wan H, Eldeeb M, Drabe C, Jassinskaja M, Hansson J, Hidalgo I, Velasco-Hernandez T, Cammenga J, Magee JA, Niméus E, Bryder D. A somatic mutation in moesin drives progression into acute myeloid leukemia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm9987. [PMID: 35442741 PMCID: PMC9020775 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm9987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) arises when leukemia-initiating cells, defined by a primary genetic lesion, acquire subsequent molecular changes whose cumulative effects bypass tumor suppression. The changes that underlie AML pathogenesis not only provide insights into the biology of transformation but also reveal novel therapeutic opportunities. However, backtracking these events in transformed human AML samples is challenging, if at all possible. Here, we approached this question using a murine in vivo model with an MLL-ENL fusion protein as a primary molecular event. Upon clonal transformation, we identified and extensively verified a recurrent codon-changing mutation (Arg295Cys) in the ERM protein moesin that markedly accelerated leukemogenesis. Human cancer-associated moesin mutations at the conserved arginine-295 residue similarly enhanced MLL-ENL-driven leukemogenesis. Mechanistically, the mutation interrupted the stability of moesin and conferred a neomorphic activity to the protein, which converged on enhanced extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity. Thereby, our studies demonstrate a critical role of ERM proteins in AML, with implications also for human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouyang Yuan
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medical, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Amol Ugale
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medical, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tommaso de Marchi
- Division of Surgery, Oncology, and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Solvegatan 19, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vimala Anthonydhason
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 1F, 413 90, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Konturek-Ciesla
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medical, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Haixia Wan
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medical, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mohamed Eldeeb
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medical, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Caroline Drabe
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medical, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Jassinskaja
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medical, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Jenny Hansson
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medical, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Isabel Hidalgo
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medical, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Jörg Cammenga
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medical, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey A. Magee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emma Niméus
- Division of Surgery, Oncology, and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Solvegatan 19, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Entrégatan 7, 222 42 Lund, Sweden
| | - David Bryder
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medical, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
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12
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Venetoclax in Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Are Supporting Evidences Enough? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010022. [PMID: 35008186 PMCID: PMC8750253 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Venetoclax (VEN) is a potent oral inhibitor of the anti-apoptotic molecule BCL2, approved for adults with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and recently for naïve acute myeloid leukemia (AML) unfit for intensive chemotherapy. Therefore, VEN is not approved for relapsed/refractory (R/R) AML patients; consequently, this use falls within the so-called off-label use. This review provides evidence of the role of VEN-based therapy in R/R AML patients, including data from clinical trials and from retrospective studies. Abstract Despite the progress in the development of new therapeutic strategies, relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) still represents a high unmet medical need. Treatment options in this setting include enrollment into clinical trials, allogeneic stem cell transplantation and/or targeted therapy. Nevertheless, it is associated with poor outcomes. Thus, the development of new treatments, which could ameliorate the prognosis of these patients with a good safety profile are highly demanded. Recently, venetoclax (VEN) has been approved for naïve AML patients unfit for intensive chemotherapy. In this regard, regimens including VEN could represent a valuable treatment option even in those with R/R disease and several studies have been conducted to demonstrate its role in this clinical setting. This review aims to summarize the current evidence on the use of VEN regimens in the treatment of R/R AML.
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Mouse Models of Frequently Mutated Genes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246192. [PMID: 34944812 PMCID: PMC8699817 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia is a clinically and biologically heterogeneous blood cancer with variable prognosis and response to conventional therapies. Comprehensive sequencing enabled the discovery of recurrent mutations and chromosomal aberrations in AML. Mouse models are essential to study the biological function of these genes and to identify relevant drug targets. This comprehensive review describes the evidence currently available from mouse models for the leukemogenic function of mutations in seven functional gene groups: cell signaling genes, epigenetic modifier genes, nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1), transcription factors, tumor suppressors, spliceosome genes, and cohesin complex genes. Additionally, we provide a synergy map of frequently cooperating mutations in AML development and correlate prognosis of these mutations with leukemogenicity in mouse models to better understand the co-dependence of mutations in AML.
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14
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Molecular associations, clinical, and prognostic implications of PTPN11 mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (Alliance). Blood Adv 2021; 6:1371-1380. [PMID: 34847232 PMCID: PMC8905707 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with N-terminal SH2 domain PTPN11 mutations had an early death (<30 days) more often than those with phosphatase domain mutations. PTPN11 mutations are associated with inferior outcomes in AML patients with wild-type NPM1.
Prognostic factors associated with chemotherapy outcomes in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are extensively reported, and one gene whose mutation is recognized as conferring resistance to several newer targeted therapies is protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11 (PTPN11). The broader clinical implications of PTPN11 mutations in AML are still not well understood. The objective of this study was to determine which cytogenetic abnormalities and gene mutations co-occur with PTPN11 mutations and how PTPN11 mutations affect outcomes of patients treated with intensive chemotherapy. We studied 1725 patients newly diagnosed with AML (excluding acute promyelocytic leukemia) enrolled onto the Cancer and Leukemia Group B/Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology trials. In 140 PTPN11-mutated patient samples, PTPN11 most commonly co-occurred with mutations in NPM1, DNMT3A, and TET2. PTPN11 mutations were relatively common in patients with an inv(3)(q21q26)/t(3;3)(q21;q26) and a normal karyotype but were very rare in patients with typical complex karyotype and core-binding factor AML. Mutations in the N-terminal SH2 domain of PTPN11 were associated with a higher early death rate than those in the phosphatase domain. PTPN11 mutations did not affect outcomes of NPM1-mutated patients, but these patients were less likely to have co-occurring kinase mutations (ie, FLT3-ITD), suggesting activation of overlapping signaling pathways. However, in AML patients with wild-type NPM1, PTPN11 mutations were associated with adverse patient outcomes, providing a rationale to study the biology and treatment approaches in this molecular group. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00048958 (CALGB 8461), #NCT00899223 (CALGB 9665), and #NCT00900224 (CALGB 20202).
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15
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Fleischmann M, Schnetzke U, Hochhaus A, Scholl S. Management of Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Current Treatment Options and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5722. [PMID: 34830877 PMCID: PMC8616498 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has improved in recent years and several new therapeutic options have been approved. Most of them include mutation-specific approaches (e.g., gilteritinib for AML patients with activating FLT3 mutations), or are restricted to such defined AML subgroups, such as AML-MRC (AML with myeloid-related changes) or therapy-related AML (CPX-351). With this review, we aim to present a comprehensive overview of current AML therapy according to the evolved spectrum of recently approved treatment strategies. We address several aspects of combined epigenetic therapy with the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax and provide insight into mechanisms of resistance towards venetoclax-based regimens, and how primary or secondary resistance might be circumvented. Furthermore, a detailed overview on the current status of AML immunotherapy, describing promising concepts, is provided. This review focuses on clinically important aspects of current and future concepts of AML treatment, but will also present the molecular background of distinct targeted therapies, to understand the development and challenges of clinical trials ongoing in AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sebastian Scholl
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Abteilung Hämatologie und Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07740 Jena, Germany; (M.F.); (U.S.); (A.H.)
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Divergent leukaemia subclones as cellular models for testing vulnerabilities associated with gains in chromosomes 7, 8 or 18. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21145. [PMID: 34707142 PMCID: PMC8551338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00623-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Haematopoietic malignancies are frequently characterized by karyotypic abnormalities. The development of targeted drugs has been pioneered with compounds against gene products of fusion genes caused by chromosomal translocations. While polysomies are equally frequent as translocations, for many of them we are lacking therapeutic approaches aimed at synthetic lethality. Here, we report two new cell lines, named MBU-7 and MBU-8, that differ in complete trisomy of chromosome18, a partial trisomy of chromosome 7 and a tetrasomy of the p-arm of chromosome 8, but otherwise share the same mutational pattern and complex karyotype. Both cell lines are divergent clones of U-937 cells and have the morphology and immunoprofile of monocytic cells. The distinct karyotypic differences between MBU-7 and MBU-8 are associated with a difference in the specific response to nucleoside analogues. Taken together, we propose the MBU-7 and MBU-8 cell lines described here as suitable in vitro models for screening and testing vulnerabilities that are associated with the disease-relevant polysomies of chromosome 7, 8 and 18.
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Stasik S, Eckardt JN, Kramer M, Röllig C, Krämer A, Scholl S, Hochhaus A, Crysandt M, Brümmendorf TH, Naumann R, Steffen B, Kunzmann V, Einsele H, Schaich M, Burchert A, Neubauer A, Schäfer-Eckart K, Schliemann C, Krause S, Herbst R, Hänel M, Frickhofen N, Noppeney R, Kaiser U, Baldus CD, Kaufmann M, Rácil Z, Platzbecker U, Berdel WE, Mayer J, Serve H, Müller-Tidow C, Ehninger G, Bornhäuser M, Schetelig J, Middeke JM, Thiede C. Impact of PTPN11 mutations on clinical outcome analyzed in 1529 patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Adv 2021; 5:3279-3289. [PMID: 34459887 PMCID: PMC8525221 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The tyrosine-protein phosphatase nonreceptor type 11 (PTPN11) is an important regulator of RAS signaling and frequently affected by mutations in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Despite the relevance for leukemogenesis and as a potential therapeutic target, the prognostic role is controversial. To investigate the prognostic impact of PTPN11 mutations, we analyzed 1529 adult AML patients using next-generation sequencing. PTPN11 mutations were detected in 106 of 1529 (6.93%) patients (median VAF: 24%) in dominant (36%) and subclonal (64%) configuration. Patients with PTPN11 mutations were associated with concomitant mutations in NPM1 (63%), DNMT3A (37%), and NRAS (21%) and had a higher rate of European LeukemiaNet (ELN) favorable cytogenetics (57.8% vs 39.1%; P < .001) and higher white blood cell counts (P = .007) compared with PTPN11 wild-type patients. In a multivariable analysis, PTPN11 mutations were independently associated with poor overall survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.75; P < .001), relapse-free survival (HR: 1.52; P = .013), and a lower rate of complete remission (odds ratio: 0.46; P = .008). Importantly, the deleterious effect of PTPN11 mutations was confined predominantly to the ELN favorable-risk group and patients with subclonal PTPN11 mutations (HR: 2.28; P < .001) but not found with dominant PTPN11 mutations (HR: 1.07; P = .775), presumably because of significant differences within the rate and spectrum of associated comutations. In conclusion, our data suggest an overall poor prognostic impact of PTPN11 mutations in AML, which is significantly modified by the underlying cytogenetics and the clonal context in which they occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Stasik
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan-Niklas Eckardt
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Kramer
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Röllig
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alwin Krämer
- Medizinische Klinik V, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Scholl
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Hochhaus
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Martina Crysandt
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie, Hämostasiologie und Stammzelltransplantation , Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim H Brümmendorf
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie, Hämostasiologie und Stammzelltransplantation , Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralph Naumann
- Medizinische Klinik III, St. Marien-Krankenhaus Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Björn Steffen
- Medizinische Klinik II, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Volker Kunzmann
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Schaich
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie und Palliativmedizin, Rems-Murr-Klinikum Winnenden, Winnenden, Germany
| | - Andreas Burchert
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie, Immunologie, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Neubauer
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie, Immunologie, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schäfer-Eckart
- Klinik für Innere Medizin V, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Klinikum Nürnberg Nord, Nürnberg, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Krause
- Medizinische Klinik V, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Regina Herbst
- Medizinische Klinik III, Klinikum Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Mathias Hänel
- Medizinische Klinik III, Klinikum Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany
| | | | - Richard Noppeney
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kaiser
- Medizinische Klinik II, St. Bernward Krankenhaus, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Claudia D Baldus
- Hämatologie und Onkologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Kaufmann
- Abteilung für Hämatologie, Onkologie und Palliativmedizin, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Zdenek Rácil
- Masaryk University and University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Uwe Platzbecker
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Hämatologie und Zelltherapie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E Berdel
- Medizinische Klinik A, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jiri Mayer
- Masaryk University and University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hubert Serve
- Medizinische Klinik II, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Gerhard Ehninger
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, Dresden, Germany; and
| | - Johannes Schetelig
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- DKMS Clinical Trials Unit, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan M Middeke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Thiede
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
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18
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Hao F, Wang C, Sholy C, Cao M, Kang X. Strategy for Leukemia Treatment Targeting SHP-1,2 and SHIP. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:730400. [PMID: 34490276 PMCID: PMC8417302 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.730400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are modulators of cellular functions such as differentiation, metabolism, migration, and survival. PTPs antagonize tyrosine kinases by removing phosphate moieties from molecular signaling residues, thus inhibiting signal transduction. Two PTPs, SHP-1 and SHP-2 (SH2 domain-containing phosphatases 1 and 2, respectively) and another inhibitory phosphatase, SH2 domain-containing inositol phosphatase (SHIP), are essential for cell function, which is reflected in the defective phenotype of mutant mice. Interestingly, SHP-1, SHP-2, and SHIP mutations are identified in many cases of human leukemia. However, the impact of these phosphatases and their mutations regarding the onset and progression of leukemia is controversial. The ambiguity of the role of these phosphatases imposes challenges on the development of targeting therapies for leukemia. This fundamental problem, confronted by the expanding investigational field of leukemia, will be addressed in this review, which will include a discussion of the molecular mechanisms of SHP-1, SHP-2, and SHIP in normal hematopoiesis and their role in leukemia. Clinical development of leukemic therapies achieved by targeting these phosphatases will be addressed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Hao
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Chen Wang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Christine Sholy
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Min Cao
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Xunlei Kang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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19
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Kishtagari A, Levine RL. The Role of Somatic Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Pathogenesis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:cshperspect.a034975. [PMID: 32398288 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by attenuation of lineage differentiation trajectories that results in impaired hematopoiesis and enhanced self-renewal. To date, sequencing studies have provided a rich landscape of information on the somatic mutations that contribute to AML pathogenesis. These studies show that most AML genomes harbor relatively fewer mutations, which are acquired in a stepwise manner. Our understanding of the genetic basis of leukemogenesis informs a broader understanding of what initiates and maintains the AML clone and informs the development of prognostic models and mechanism-based therapeutic strategies. Here, we explore the current knowledge of genetic and epigenetic aberrations in AML pathogenesis and how recent studies are expanding our knowledge of leukemogenesis and using this to accelerate therapeutic development for AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Kishtagari
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Ross L Levine
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Department of Medicine, Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Molecular Cancer Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
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20
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Alfayez M, Issa GC, Patel KP, Wang F, Wang X, Short NJ, Cortes JE, Kadia T, Ravandi F, Pierce S, Assi R, Garcia-Manero G, DiNardo CD, Daver N, Pemmaraju N, Kantarjian H, Borthakur G. The Clinical impact of PTPN11 mutations in adults with acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2021; 35:691-700. [PMID: 32561839 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0920-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
While germline and somatic mutations in the gene PTPN11, encoding a phosphatase which regulates the RAS signaling pathway, are well characterized in children with Noonan syndrome and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, less is known about their clinical impact in adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). To elucidate the effect of PTPN11 mutations (PTPN11mut) on clinical outcomes, we screened adult patients with AML treated at our institution using targeted next-generation sequencing. Among 1406 consecutive patients, 112 (8%) had PTPN11mut. These mutations were more commonly associated with the acute myelomonocytic/monocytic leukemia subtype than was wild-type PTPN11, while none were detected in patients with core-binding factor AML. They co-occurred more commonly with NPM1 mutations and FLT3 internal tandem duplications and less commonly with mutations in IDH2 and a complex karyotype. Compared with the wild-type allele, PTPN11mut was associated with lower complete response rates (54% vs 40%; P = 0.04), and shorter overall survival (median 13.6 vs 8.4 months; P = 0.008). In a multivariate analysis, PTPN11mut independently increased the risk of death, with a hazard ratio of 1.69 (95% CI, 1.25-2.29; P = 0.0007). In summary, mutations in PTPN11 have a characteristic phenotype in adults with AML and are associated with an adverse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Alfayez
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ghayas C Issa
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Keyur P Patel
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas J Short
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jorge E Cortes
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tapan Kadia
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Farhad Ravandi
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sherry Pierce
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rita Assi
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Lebanese American University and Lebanese American University Medical Center-Rizk Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Courtney D DiNardo
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naval Daver
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naveen Pemmaraju
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hagop Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gautam Borthakur
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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21
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Bolomsky A, Vogler M, Köse MC, Heckman CA, Ehx G, Ludwig H, Caers J. MCL-1 inhibitors, fast-lane development of a new class of anti-cancer agents. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:173. [PMID: 33308268 PMCID: PMC7731749 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-01007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death escape is one of the most prominent features of tumor cells and closely linked to the dysregulation of members of the Bcl-2 family of proteins. Among those, the anti-apoptotic family member myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1) acts as a master regulator of apoptosis in various human malignancies. Irrespective of its unfavorable structure profile, independent research efforts recently led to the generation of highly potent MCL-1 inhibitors that are currently evaluated in clinical trials. This offers new perspectives to target a so far undruggable cancer cell dependency. However, a detailed understanding about the tumor and tissue type specific implications of MCL-1 are a prerequisite for the optimal (i.e., precision medicine guided) use of this novel drug class. In this review, we summarize the major functions of MCL-1 with a special focus on cancer, provide insights into its different roles in solid vs. hematological tumors and give an update about the (pre)clinical development program of state-of-the-art MCL-1 targeting compounds. We aim to raise the awareness about the heterogeneous role of MCL-1 as drug target between, but also within tumor entities and to highlight the importance of rationale treatment decisions on a case by case basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Bolomsky
- Wilhelminen Cancer Research Institute, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Meike Vogler
- Department of Clinical Hematology, GIGA-I3, University of Liège, CHU De Liège, 35, Dom Univ Sart Tilman B, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Murat Cem Köse
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Caroline A Heckman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland-FIMM, HiLIFE-Helsinki Institute of Life Science, iCAN Digital Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Grégory Ehx
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Heinz Ludwig
- Wilhelminen Cancer Research Institute, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jo Caers
- Department of Clinical Hematology, GIGA-I3, University of Liège, CHU De Liège, 35, Dom Univ Sart Tilman B, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
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22
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Samra B, Konopleva M, Isidori A, Daver N, DiNardo C. Venetoclax-Based Combinations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Current Evidence and Future Directions. Front Oncol 2020; 10:562558. [PMID: 33251134 PMCID: PMC7675064 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.562558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed major advances in our understanding of molecular biology, which led to breakthrough novel therapies, importantly including the B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) inhibitor venetoclax. Notably, venetoclax-based combinations have improved outcomes, including both remission rates and overall survival, of older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) deemed "unfit" for intensive chemotherapy due to age or comorbidities. This has translated into a rapid and widespread use of venetoclax-based combinations in both academic and community-based settings. Other venetoclax-based combinations are being investigated in AML with the ultimate goal of improving cure rates across many subgroups; frontline and relapsed/refractory, in combination with intensive chemotherapy, in the post-transplant setting, or as maintenance strategy. In this article, we summarize the current available data on venetoclax-based combinations. We also highlight areas of unmet medical need, and we offer practical clinical pearls for management of patients receiving such therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bachar Samra
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Alessandro Isidori
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Center, AORMN Hospital, Pesaro, Italy
| | - Naval Daver
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Courtney DiNardo
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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23
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The role of EVI1 gene quantification in AML patients with 11q23/MLL rearrangement after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2020; 56:470-480. [PMID: 32892217 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-020-01048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
It remains unclear about the role of the EVI1 gene in AML patients with 11q23/MLL rearrangement (MLL-r AML) undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). We analyzed the clinical value of EVI1 gene quantification in 96 MLL-r AML patients. High EVI1 expression was found in 73% (70/96) of MLL-r AML patients, and EVI1-high MLL-r AML patients were characterized by high WBC counts (P = 0.046) and low platelet counts (P < 0.001) and commonly had t(6;11) (P = 0.032). In addition, a significant difference was observed in the SETD2 gene mutation between the EVI1 high and low groups (0% vs. 50%, P < 0.001). EVI1-high MLL-r AML patients had worse 2-year OS (49.8% vs. 79.7%, P = 0.01) and 2-year PFS (40.2% vs. 68.1%, P = 0.014) than EVI1-low patients. In 57 MLL-r AML patients undergoing allo-HSCT, poorer 2-year PFS (48.6% vs. 72.4%, P = 0.039) and higher CIR (33.2% vs. 11.1%, P = 0.035) were observed in the EVI1-high patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that pre-EVI1+ was the sole independent factor of high CIR (P = 0.035, HR = 4.97, 95% CI: 1.12-22.04). EVI1+ at 100 days post allo-HSCT was associated with a significantly higher 2-year CIR (P = 0.017). The quantification of the EVI1 gene could be used as an additional marker for early predicting relapse in allo-HSCT MLL-r AML patients.
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24
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Zhang H, Nakauchi Y, Köhnke T, Stafford M, Bottomly D, Thomas R, Wilmot B, McWeeney SK, Majeti R, Tyner JW. Integrated analysis of patient samples identifies biomarkers for venetoclax efficacy and combination strategies in acute myeloid leukemia. NATURE CANCER 2020; 1:826-839. [PMID: 33123685 PMCID: PMC7591155 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-0103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of the BCL2 gene family plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The BCL2 inhibitor, venetoclax, has received FDA approval for the treatment of AML. However, upfront and acquired drug resistance ensues due, in part, to the clinical and genetic heterogeneity of AML, highlighting the importance of identifying biomarkers to stratify patients onto the most effective therapies. By integrating clinical characteristics, exome and RNA sequencing, and inhibitor data from primary AML patient samples, we determined that myelomonocytic leukemia, upregulation of BCL2A1 and CLEC7A, as well as mutations of PTPN11 and KRAS conferred resistance to venetoclax and multiple venetoclax combinations. Venetoclax in combination with an MCL1 inhibitor AZD5991 induced synthetic lethality and circumvented venetoclax resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijiao Zhang
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR
| | - Yusuke Nakauchi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Thomas Köhnke
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Melissa Stafford
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Daniel Bottomly
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR
| | - Rozario Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Beth Wilmot
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR
| | - Shannon K. McWeeney
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR
| | - Ravindra Majeti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Jeffrey W. Tyner
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR
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25
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Long L, Assaraf YG, Lei ZN, Peng H, Yang L, Chen ZS, Ren S. Genetic biomarkers of drug resistance: A compass of prognosis and targeted therapy in acute myeloid leukemia. Drug Resist Updat 2020; 52:100703. [PMID: 32599434 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly aggressive hematological malignancy with complex heterogenous genetic and biological nature. Thus, prognostic prediction and targeted therapies might contribute to better chemotherapeutic response. However, the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) markedly impedes chemotherapeutic efficacy and dictates poor prognosis. Therefore, prior evaluation of chemoresistance is of great importance in therapeutic decision making and prognosis. In recent years, preclinical studies on chemoresistance have unveiled a compendium of underlying molecular basis, which facilitated the development of targetable small molecules. Furthermore, routing genomic sequencing has identified various genomic aberrations driving cellular response during the course of therapeutic treatment through adaptive mechanisms of drug resistance, some of which serve as prognostic biomarkers in risk stratification. However, the underlying mechanisms of MDR have challenged the certainty of the prognostic significance of some mutations. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of MDR in therapeutic decision making and prognostic prediction in AML. We present an updated genetic landscape of the predominant mechanisms of drug resistance with novel targeted therapies and potential prognostic biomarkers from preclinical and clinical chemoresistance studies in AML. We particularly highlight the unfolded protein response (UPR) that has emerged as a critical regulatory pathway in chemoresistance of AML with promising therapeutic horizon. Futhermore, we outline the most prevalent mutations associated with mechanisms of chemoresistance and delineate the future directions to improve the current prognostic tools. The molecular analysis of chemoresistance integrated with genetic profiling will facilitate decision making towards personalized prognostic prediction and enhanced therapeutic efficacy.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Disease-Free Survival
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/prevention & control
- Precision Medicine/methods
- Prognosis
- Unfolded Protein Response/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Long
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China; Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Zi-Ning Lei
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA; School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
| | - Simei Ren
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China; Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China.
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26
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Putlyaeva LV, Demin DE, Uvarova AN, Zinevich LS, Prokofjeva MM, Gazizova GR, Shagimardanova EI, Schwartz AM. PTPN11 Knockdown Prevents Changes in the Expression of Genes Controlling Cell Cycle, Chemotherapy Resistance, and Oncogene-Induced Senescence in Human Thyroid Cells Overexpressing BRAF V600E Oncogenic Protein. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:108-118. [PMID: 32079522 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The MAPK (RAS/BRAF/MEK/ERK) signaling pathway is a kinase cascade involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival in response to external stimuli. The V600E mutation in the BRAF gene has been detected in various tumors, resulting in a 500-fold increase in BRAF kinase activity. However, monotherapy with selective BRAF V600E inhibitors often leads to reactivation of MAPK signaling cascade and emergence of drug resistance. Therefore, new targets are being developed for the inhibition of components of the aberrantly activated cascade. It was recently discovered that resistance to BRAF V600E inhibitors may be associated with the activity of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 encoded by the PTPN11 gene. In this paper, we analyzed transcriptional effects of PTPN11 gene knockdown and selective suppression of BRAF V600E in a model of thyroid follicular epithelium. We found that the siRNA-mediated knockdown of PTPN11 after vemurafenib treatment prevented an increase in the expression CCNA1 and NOTCH4 genes involved in the formation of drug resistance of tumors. On the other hand, downregulation of PTPN11 expression blocked the transcriptional activation of genes (p21, p15, p16, RB1, and IGFBP7) involved in cell cycle regulation and oncogene-induced senescence in response to BRAF V600E expression. Therefore, it can be assumed that SHP-2 participates not only in emergence of drug resistance in cancer cells, but also in oncogene-induced cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Putlyaeva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | - D E Demin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - A N Uvarova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - L S Zinevich
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - M M Prokofjeva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - G R Gazizova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia
| | - E I Shagimardanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia
| | - A M Schwartz
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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27
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Xu L, Zhou C, Pan R, Tang J, Wang J, Li B, Huang T, Duan S, Xu C. PTPN11 hypomethylation is associated with gastric cancer progression. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:1693-1700. [PMID: 32194661 PMCID: PMC7039138 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11 (PTPN11) encodes the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 that is overexpressed in gastric cancer (GC). In the present study, the association of PTPN11 methylation levels with the incidence of GC and its correlation with SHP-2 overexpression were investigated. The methylation levels of PTPN11 in tumor and adjacent normal tissues of 112 GC patients were assessed by quantitative methylation specific PCR (qMSP). The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) public database was used to analyze the association between PTPN11 methylation and PTPN11 expression. Survival analyses were conducted in order to evaluate the prognostic value of PTPN11 methylation for GC. The results of the qMSP analysis indicated that the methylation levels of PTPN11 in GC tumor tissues were significantly decreased compared with those noted in the normal adjacent tissues (mean with standard deviation: 40.91±26.33 vs. 51.99±37.37, P=0.007). An inverse correlation between PTPN11 methylation levels and PTPN11 mRNA expression levels (P=4×10-6, r=-0.237) was noted. Subgroup analyses indicated that the association of PTPN11 hypomethylation with the incidence of GC was specific to male subjects (P=0.015), heavy drinking patients (P=0.019), patients with poor tumor differentiation (P=0.010) and patients with tumor node and metastasis (TNM) stage III+IV (P=0.008). Kaplan-Meier analyses and log-rank test suggested that PTPN11 hypomethylation was not associated with GC patient overall survival (P=0.605) and recurrence (P=0.485), although it could predict the recurrence of GC patients up to and including 60 years (≤60, P=0.049). The results indicated that PTPN11 levels were hypomethylated in GC patients. TCGA data analysis suggested that PTPN11 hypomethylation could cause an upregulation in the transcription levels of PTPN11. Although, this may explain the pattern of SHP-2 overexpression in GC, additional studies are required to verify this hypothesis. The association of PTPN11 hypomethylation with GC incidence may be specific to male patients, heavy drinking patients, patients with poor tumor differentiation and patients with TNM stage of III+IV. PTPN11 hypomethylation can be considered a biomarker for the recurrence of GC patients with an age of 60 years or lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215200, P.R. China
| | - Cong Zhou
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Ranran Pan
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Junjian Tang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Jinzhi Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, P.R. China
| | - Bin Li
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Tianyi Huang
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Chunfang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215200, P.R. China
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28
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Yu K, Yin Y, Ma D, Lu T, Wei D, Xiong J, Zhou Z, Zhang T, Zhang S, Fang Q, Wang J. Shp2 activation in bone marrow microenvironment mediates the drug resistance of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia through enhancing the role of VCAM-1/VLA-4. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 80:106008. [PMID: 31978797 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is immune to the chemotherapy-induced apoptosis as a result of the protection of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs). However, the precise underlying mechanism of such protection remains unclear so far. In this experiment, protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (Shp2), which was encoded by the PTPN11 gene, was highly expressed in BMSCs of the newly diagnosed and the recurrent B-ALL patients. The plasmid-induced (including Shp2 E76K) Shp2 activation in BMSCs (Shp2-activated BMSCs) markedly increased the BMSCs-mediated resistance of leukemia cells both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, studies in vitro suggested that, the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) was markedly up-regulated in Shp2-activated BMSCs, and VCAM-1 expression in BMSCs of B-ALL patients was negatively correlated with Shp2 expression. Down-regulation of VCAM-1 in BMSCs using siRNA reversed the resistance of CCRF-SB cells mediated by the Shp2-activated BMSCs. As for the molecular mechanism, the PI3K/AKT pathway mediated the regulation of VCAM-1 by Shp2. Blocking the very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) by antibodies in CCRF-SB cells dramatically reversed the resistance of CCRF-SB cells mediated by the Shp2-activated BMSCs, and decreased the adhesion effects of both CCRF-SB cells and BMSCs. In conclusion, Shp2 activation in BMSCs up-regulates VCAM-1 expression through increasing the PI3K/AKT phosphorylation level, and targeting the VCAM-1/VLA-4 signaling may serve as a clinically relevant mechanism to overcome the BMSCs-mediated chemoresistance of B-ALL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunlin Yu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Centre of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China; College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yi Yin
- Department of Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Dan Ma
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Centre of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Tingting Lu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Centre of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Danna Wei
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Centre of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Centre of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Centre of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Tianzhuo Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Centre of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Centre of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China; College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Qin Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Jishi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Centre of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
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29
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Pollyea DA, Amaya M, Strati P, Konopleva MY. Venetoclax for AML: changing the treatment paradigm. Blood Adv 2019; 3:4326-4335. [PMID: 31869416 PMCID: PMC6929394 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Venetoclax is a specific B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) inhibitor that can restore activation of apoptosis in malignancies, the survival of which depends on dysregulation of this pathway. Preclinical data, using various model systems including cell lines and patient samples, suggested targeting BCL-2 could be a successful therapeutic strategy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). As predicted by this work, the use of venetoclax in the clinical setting has resulted in promising outcomes for patients with this disease. Although venetoclax showed limited activity as a single agent in the relapsed disease setting, recent studies have shown that when combined with a backbone therapy of a hypomethylating agent or low-dose cytarabine, high response rates with encouraging remission durations for older patients with newly diagnosed AML who were not candidates for intensive induction chemotherapy were observed. Furthermore, venetoclax-based therapies allowed for rapid responses and were able to effectively target the leukemia stem cell population. Here we review the preclinical data that supported the development of venetoclax in AML, as well as the results of the promising clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Pollyea
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO; and
| | - Maria Amaya
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO; and
| | | | - Marina Y Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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30
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Cremer A, Ellegast JM, Alexe G, Frank ES, Ross L, Chu SH, Pikman Y, Robichaud A, Goodale A, Häupl B, Mohr S, Rao AV, Walker AR, Blachly JS, Piccioni F, Armstrong SA, Byrd JC, Oellerich T, Stegmaier K. Resistance Mechanisms to SYK Inhibition in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancer Discov 2019; 10:214-231. [PMID: 31771968 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a nonmutated therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Attempts to exploit SYK therapeutically in AML have shown promising results in combination with chemotherapy, likely reflecting induced mechanisms of resistance to single-agent treatment in vivo. We conducted a genome-scale open reading frame (ORF) resistance screen and identified activation of the RAS-MAPK-ERK pathway as one major mechanism of resistance to SYK inhibitors. This finding was validated in AML cell lines with innate and acquired resistance to SYK inhibitors. Furthermore, patients with AML with select mutations activating these pathways displayed early resistance to SYK inhibition. To circumvent SYK inhibitor therapy resistance in AML, we demonstrate that a MEK and SYK inhibitor combination is synergistic in vitro and in vivo. Our data provide justification for use of ORF screening to identify resistance mechanisms to kinase inhibitor therapy in AML lacking distinct mutations and to direct novel combination-based strategies to abrogate these. SIGNIFICANCE: The integration of functional genomic screening with the study of mechanisms of intrinsic and acquired resistance in model systems and human patients identified resistance to SYK inhibitors through MAPK signaling in AML. The dual targeting of SYK and the MAPK pathway offers a combinatorial strategy to overcome this resistance.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 161.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Cremer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jana M Ellegast
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gabriela Alexe
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth S Frank
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Linda Ross
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - S Haihua Chu
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yana Pikman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amanda Robichaud
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amy Goodale
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Björn Häupl
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium/German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Mohr
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Arati V Rao
- Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, California
| | - Alison R Walker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - James S Blachly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Scott A Armstrong
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John C Byrd
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Thomas Oellerich
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Frankfurt/Main, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium/German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kimberly Stegmaier
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. .,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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31
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Xu L, Durruthy-Durruthy R, Eastburn DJ, Pellegrino M, Shah O, Meyer E, Zehnder J. Clonal Evolution and Changes in Two AML Patients Detected with A Novel Single-Cell DNA Sequencing Platform. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11119. [PMID: 31366893 PMCID: PMC6668401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47297-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is used to detect gene variants in genetically complex cell populations of cancer patient samples. Traditional bulk analysis can only provide average variant allele frequencies of the targeted genes across all sampled cells. It fails to resolve mutational co-occurrences and may miss rare cancer cells. Genome analysis at the single cell level offers the opportunity to more fully resolve clonal architecture. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were sampled from acute myeloid leukemia patients longitudinally and single-cell DNA sequencing libraries were generated with a novel droplet-based microfluidics approach. Molecular profiling of single nucleotide variants across thousands of cells revealed genetic chimerism in patients after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Importantly, hierarchical clustering analysis of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) uncovered a distinct oncogenic clone of cells carrying mutated tumor-suppressor and/or oncogene(s). This novel single-cell DNA sequencing approach enabled precise monitoring of engraftment and revealed clonal evolution of oncogenic cells during the progression and treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Xu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | | | | | - Omid Shah
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Everett Meyer
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - James Zehnder
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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32
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Rehman AU, Rafiq H, Rahman MU, Li J, Liu H, Luo S, Arshad T, Wadood A, Chen HF. Gain-of-Function SHP2 E76Q Mutant Rescuing Autoinhibition Mechanism Associated with Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:3229-3239. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashfaq Ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Rafiq
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Mueed Ur Rahman
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shenggan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Taaha Arshad
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Hai-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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33
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The Impact of PI3-kinase/RAS Pathway Cooperating Mutations in the Evolution of KMT2A-rearranged Leukemia. Hemasphere 2019; 3:e195. [PMID: 31723831 PMCID: PMC6746018 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is an evolutionary disease and evolves by the accrual of mutations within a clone. Those mutations that are systematically found in all the patients affected by a certain leukemia are called "drivers" as they are necessary to drive the development of leukemia. Those ones that accumulate over time but are different from patient to patient and, therefore, are not essential for leukemia development are called "passengers." The first studies highlighting a potential cooperating role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/RAS pathway mutations in the phenotype of KMT2A-rearranged leukemia was published 20 years ago. The recent development in more sensitive sequencing technologies has contributed to clarify the contribution of these mutations to the evolution of KMT2A-rearranged leukemia and suggested that these mutations might confer clonal fitness and enhance the evolvability of KMT2A-leukemic cells. This is of particular interest since this pathway can be targeted offering potential novel therapeutic strategies to KMT2A-leukemic patients. This review summarizes the recent progress on our understanding of the role of PI3K/RAS pathway mutations in initiation, maintenance, and relapse of KMT2A-rearranged leukemia.
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34
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Role of protein phosphatases in the cancer microenvironment. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:144-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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35
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Necroinflammation emerges as a key regulator of hematopoiesis in health and disease. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:53-67. [PMID: 30242210 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The hematopoietic system represents an organ system with an exceptional capacity for the production of mature blood cells from a small and mostly quiescent pool of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). This extraordinary capacity includes self-renewal but also the propensity to rapidly respond to extrinsic needs, such as acute infections, severe inflammation, and wound healing. In recent years, it became clear that inflammatory signals such as cytokines, chemokine and danger signals from pathogens (PAMPs) or dying cells (DAMPs) impact on HSCs, shaping their proliferation status, lineage bias, and repopulating ability and subsequently increasing the output of mature effector cells. However, inflammatory danger signals negatively impact on the capacity of HSCs to self-renew and to maintain their stem cell capabilities. This is evidenced in conditions of chronic inflammation where bone marrow failure may originate from HSC exhaustion. Even in hematopoietic cancers, inflammatory signals shape the phenotype of the malignant clone as exemplified by necrosome-dependent inflammation elicited during malignant transformation in acute myeloid leukemia. Accordingly, understanding the contribution of inflammatory signals, and specifically necroinflammation, to HSC integrity, HSC long-term functionality, and malignant transformation has attracted substantial research and clinical interest. In this review, we highlight recent developments and open questions at the interplay between inflammation, regulated necrosis, and HSC biology in the context of blood cell development, acute and chronic inflammation, and hematopoietic cancer.
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36
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Kotani S, Yoda A, Kon A, Kataoka K, Ochi Y, Shiozawa Y, Hirsch C, Takeda J, Ueno H, Yoshizato T, Yoshida K, Nakagawa MM, Nannya Y, Kakiuchi N, Yamauchi T, Aoki K, Shiraishi Y, Miyano S, Maeda T, Maciejewski JP, Takaori-Kondo A, Ogawa S, Makishima H. Molecular pathogenesis of disease progression in MLL-rearranged AML. Leukemia 2018; 33:612-624. [PMID: 30209403 PMCID: PMC6462875 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0253-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Leukemic relapse is frequently accompanied by progressively aggressive clinical course. To understand the molecular mechanism of leukemic relapse, MLL/AF9-transformed mouse leukemia cells were serially transplanted in C57BL/6 mice (N = 96) by mimicking repeated recurrences, where mutations were monitored by exome sequencing (N = 42). The onset of leukemia was progressively promoted with advanced transplants, during which increasing numbers of somatic mutations were acquired (P < 0.005). Among these, mutations in Ptpn11 (p.G60R) and Braf (p.V637E) corresponded to those identified in human MLL-AML, while recurrent mutations affecting Msn (p.R295C) were observed only in mouse but not in human MLL-AML. Another mutated gene of interest was Gnb2 which was reported to be recurrently mutated in various hematological neoplasms. Gnb2 mutations (p.G77R) were significantly increased in clone size (P = 0.007) and associated with earlier leukemia onset (P = 0.011). GNB2 transcripts were significantly upregulated in human MLL-AML compared to MLL-negative AML (P < 0.05), which was supported by significantly increased Gnb2 transcript induced by MLL/AF9 overexpression (P < 0.001). In in vivo model, both mutation and overexpression of GNB2 caused leukemogenesis, and downregulation of GNB2 expression reduced proliferative potential and survival benefit, suggesting a driver role of GNB2. In conclusion, alterations of driver genes over time may play an important role in the progression of MLL-AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Kotani
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akinori Yoda
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ayana Kon
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kataoka
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yotaro Ochi
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shiozawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Cassandra Hirsch
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - June Takeda
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroo Ueno
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Kenichi Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Yasuhito Nannya
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kakiuchi
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuji Yamauchi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Aoki
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shiraishi
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyano
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maeda
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jaroslaw P Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Hideki Makishima
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. .,Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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37
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Jenkins C, Luty SB, Maxson JE, Eide CA, Abel ML, Togiai C, Nemecek ER, Bottomly D, McWeeney SK, Wilmot B, Loriaux M, Chang BH, Tyner JW. Synthetic lethality of TNK2 inhibition in PTPN11-mutant leukemia. Sci Signal 2018; 11:eaao5617. [PMID: 30018082 PMCID: PMC6168748 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aao5617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN11 is implicated in the pathogenesis of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and other malignancies. Activating mutations in PTPN11 increase downstream proliferative signaling and cell survival. We investigated the signaling upstream of PTPN11 in JMML and AML cells and found that PTPN11 was activated by the nonreceptor tyrosine/serine/threonine kinase TNK2 and that PTPN11-mutant JMML and AML cells were sensitive to TNK2 inhibition. In cultured human cell-based assays, PTPN11 and TNK2 interacted directly, enabling TNK2 to phosphorylate PTPN11, which subsequently dephosphorylated TNK2 in a negative feedback loop. Mutations in PTPN11 did not affect this physical interaction but increased the basal activity of PTPN11 such that TNK2-mediated activation was additive. Consequently, coexpression of TNK2 and mutant PTPN11 synergistically increased mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and enhanced colony formation in bone marrow cells from mice. Chemical inhibition of TNK2 blocked MAPK signaling and colony formation in vitro and decreased disease burden in a patient with PTPN11-mutant JMML who was treated with the multikinase (including TNK2) inhibitor dasatinib. Together, these data suggest that TNK2 is a promising therapeutic target for PTPN11-mutant leukemias.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Child
- Dasatinib/pharmacology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Juvenile/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Juvenile/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Juvenile/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Juvenile/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Prognosis
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Signal Transduction
- Survival Rate
- Synthetic Lethal Mutations
- Tumor Stem Cell Assay
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Jenkins
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Samuel B Luty
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Julia E Maxson
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Christopher A Eide
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Melissa L Abel
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Corinne Togiai
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Eneida R Nemecek
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Daniel Bottomly
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Shannon K McWeeney
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Beth Wilmot
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Marc Loriaux
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Bill H Chang
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Tyner
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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SHP2-Mediated Signal Networks in Stem Cell Homeostasis and Dysfunction. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:8351374. [PMID: 29983715 PMCID: PMC6015663 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8351374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells, including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and adult stem cells, play a central role in mammal organism development and homeostasis. They have two unique properties: the capacity for self-renewal and the ability to differentiate into many specialized cell types. Src homology region 2- (SH2-) containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP-2), a nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase encoded by protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 11 gene (PTPN11), regulates multicellular differentiation, proliferation, and survival through numerous conserved signal pathways. Gain-of-function (GOF) or loss-of-function (LOF) SHP2 in various cells, especially for stem cells, disrupt organism self-balance and lead to a plethora of diseases, such as cancer, maldevelopment, and excessive hyperblastosis. However, the exact mechanisms of SHP2 dysfunction in stem cells remain unclear. In this review, we intended to raise the attention and clarify the framework of SHP2-mediated signal pathways in various stem cells. Establishment of integrated signal architecture, from ESCs to adult stem cells, will help us to understand the changes of dynamic, multilayered pathways in response to SHP2 dysfunction. Overall, better understanding the functions of SHP2 in stem cells provides a new avenue to treat SHP2-associated diseases.
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39
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Chyla B, Daver N, Doyle K, McKeegan E, Huang X, Ruvolo V, Wang Z, Chen K, Souers A, Leverson J, Potluri J, Boghaert E, Bhathena A, Konopleva M, Popovic R. Genetic Biomarkers Of Sensitivity and Resistance to Venetoclax Monotherapy in Patients With Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Am J Hematol 2018; 93. [PMID: 29770480 PMCID: PMC6120451 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ken Chen
- MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
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40
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Deng L, Richine BM, Virts EL, Jideonwo-Auman VN, Chan RJ, Kapur R. Rapid development of myeloproliferative neoplasm in mice with Ptpn11D61Y mutation and haploinsufficient for Dnmt3a. Oncotarget 2018; 9:6055-6061. [PMID: 29464054 PMCID: PMC5814194 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PTPN11 gain-of-function mutation is the most common mutation found in patients with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia and DNMT3A loss occurs in over 20% of acute myeloid leukemia patients. We studied the combined effect of both Ptpn11 gain-of-function mutation (D61Y) and Dnmt3a haploinsufficiency on mouse hematopoiesis, the presence of which has been described in both juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia patients. Double mutant mice rapidly become moribund relative to any of the other genotypes, which is associated with enlargement of the spleen and an increase in white blood cell counts. An increase in the mature myeloid cell compartment as reflected by the presence of Gr1+Mac1+ cells was also observed in double mutant mice relative to any other group. Consistent with these observations, a significant increase in the absolute number of granulocyte macrophage progenitors (GMPs) was seen in double mutant mice. A decrease in the lymphoid compartment including both T and B cells was noted in the double mutant mice. Another significant difference was the presence of extramedullary erythropoiesis with increased erythroid progenitors in the spleens of Dnmt3a+/−;D61Y mice relative to other groups. Taken together, our results suggest that the combined haploinsufficiency of Dnmt3a and presence of an activated Shp2 changes the composition of multiple hematopoietic lineages in mice relative to the individual heterozygosity of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Deng
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Briana M Richine
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Virts
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Victoria N Jideonwo-Auman
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rebecca J Chan
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Reuben Kapur
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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41
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Differential regulation of the c-Myc/Lin28 axis discriminates subclasses of rearranged MLL leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 7:25208-23. [PMID: 27007052 PMCID: PMC5041898 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MLL rearrangements occur in myeloid and lymphoid leukemias and are generally associated with a poor prognosis, however this varies depending on the fusion partner. We modeled acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in mice using various MLL fusion proteins (MLL-FPs) and observed significantly different survival outcomes. To better understand the differences between these leukemias, we examined the genome wide expression profiles of leukemic cells transformed with different MLL-FPs. RNA-sequencing and pathway analysis identified the c-Myc transcriptional program as one of the top distinguishing features. c-Myc protein levels were highly correlative with AML disease latency in mice. Functionally, overexpression of c-Myc resulted in a more aggressive proliferation rate in MLL-FP cell lines. While all MLL-FP transformed cells displayed sensitivity to BET inhibitors, high c-Myc expressing cells showed greater resistance to Brd4 inhibition. The Myc target Lin28B was also differentially expressed in MLL-FP cell lines in agreement with c-Myc expression. Examination of Lin28B miRNAs targets revealed that let-7g was significantly increased in leukemic cells associated with the longest disease latency and forced let-7g expression induced differentiation of leukemic blasts. Thus, differential regulation of the c-Myc/Lin28/let-7g program by different MLL-FPs is functionally related to disease latency and BET inhibitor resistance in MLL leukemias.
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42
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2), encoded by PTPN11 plays an important role in regulating signaling from cell surface receptor tyrosine kinases during normal development as well as oncogenesis. Herein we review recently discovered roles of SHP2 in normal and aberrant hematopoiesis along with novel strategies to target it. RECENT FINDINGS Cell autonomous role of SHP2 in normal hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis has long been recognized. The review will discuss the newly discovered role of SHP2 in lineage specific differentiation. Recently, a noncell autonomous role of oncogenic SHP2 has been reported in which activated SHP2 was shown to alter the bone marrow microenvironment resulting in transformation of donor derived normal hematopoietic cells and development of myeloid malignancy. From being considered as an 'undruggable' target, recent development of allosteric inhibitor has made it possible to specifically target SHP2 in receptor tyrosine kinase driven malignancies. SUMMARY SHP2 has emerged as an attractive target for therapeutic targeting in hematological malignancies for its cell autonomous and microenvironmental effects. However a better understanding of the role of SHP2 in different hematopoietic lineages and its crosstalk with signaling pathways activated by other genetic lesions is required before the promise is realized in the clinic.
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43
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The PAF complex regulation of Prmt5 facilitates the progression and maintenance of MLL fusion leukemia. Oncogene 2017; 37:450-460. [PMID: 28945229 PMCID: PMC5785415 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disease associated with epigenetic dysregulation. 11q23 translocations involving the H3K4 methyltransferase MLL1 (KMT2A) generate oncogenic fusion proteins with deregulated transcriptional potential. The Polymerase Associated Factor complex (PAFc) is an epigenetic co-activator complex that makes direct contact with MLL fusion proteins and is involved in AML, however its functions are not well understood. Here, we explored the transcriptional targets regulated by the PAFc that facilitate leukemia by performing RNA-sequencing after conditional loss of the PAFc subunit Cdc73. We found Cdc73 promotes expression of an early hematopoietic progenitor gene program that prevents differentiation. Among the target genes, we confirmed the protein arginine methyltransferase Prmt5 is a direct target that is positively regulated by a transcriptional unit that includes the PAFc, MLL1, HOXA9 and STAT5 in leukemic cells. We observed reduced PRMT5-mediated H4R3me2s following excision of Cdc73 placing this histone modification downstream of the PAFc and revealing a novel mechanism between the PAFc and Prmt5. Knock down or pharmacologic inhibition of Prmt5 causes a G1 arrest and reduced proliferation resulting in extended leukemic disease latency in vivo. Overall, we demonstrate the PAFc regulates Prmt5 to facilitate leukemic progression and is a potential therapeutic target for AMLs.
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44
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Elson A. Stepping out of the shadows: Oncogenic and tumor-promoting protein tyrosine phosphatases. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 96:135-147. [PMID: 28941747 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is critical for proper function of cells and organisms. Phosphorylation is regulated by the concerted but generically opposing activities of tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), which ensure its proper regulation, reversibility, and ability to respond to changing physiological situations. Historically, PTKs have been associated mainly with oncogenic and pro-tumorigenic activities, leading to the generalization that protein dephosphorylation is anti-oncogenic and hence that PTPs are tumor-suppressors. In many cases PTPs do suppress tumorigenesis. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that PTPs act as dominant oncogenes and drive cell transformation in a number of contexts, while in others PTPs support transformation that is driven by other oncogenes. This review summarizes the known transforming and tumor-promoting activities of the classical, tyrosine specific PTPs and highlights their potential as drug targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Elson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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45
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Inflammation: a key regulator of hematopoietic stem cell fate in health and disease. Blood 2017; 130:1693-1698. [PMID: 28874349 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-06-780882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are responsible for lifelong production of blood cells. At the same time, they must respond rapidly to acute needs such as infection or injury. Significant interest has emerged in how inflammation regulates HSC fate and how it affects the long-term functionality of HSCs and the blood system as a whole. Here we detail recent advances and unanswered questions at the intersection between inflammation and HSC biology in the contexts of development, aging, and hematological malignancy.
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46
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Enhancing venetoclax activity in acute myeloid leukemia by co-targeting MCL1. Leukemia 2017; 32:303-312. [PMID: 28751770 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Targeted therapies are frequently combined with standard cytotoxic drugs to enhance clinical response. Targeting the B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) family of proteins is an attractive option to combat chemoresistance in leukemia. Preclinical and clinical studies indicate modest single-agent activity with selective BCL-2 inhibitors (for example, venetoclax). We show that venetoclax synergizes with cytarabine and idarubicin to increase antileukemic efficacy in a TP53-dependent manner. Although TP53 deficiency impaired sensitivity to combined venetoclax and chemotherapy, higher-dose idarubicin was able to suppress MCL1 and induce cell death independently of TP53. Consistent with an MCL1-specific effect, cell death from high-dose idarubicin was dependent on pro-apoptotic Bak. Combining higher-dose idarubicin with venetoclax was able to partially overcome resistance in Bak-deficient cells. Using inducible vectors and venetoclax to differentially target anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members, BCL-2 and MCL1 emerged as critical and complementary proteins regulating cell survival in acute myeloid leukemia. Dual targeting of BCL-2 and MCL1, but not either alone, prolonged survival of leukemia-bearing mice. In conclusion, our findings support the further investigation of venetoclax in combination with standard chemotherapy, including intensified doses of idarubicin. Venetoclax should also be investigated in combination with direct inhibitors of MCL1 as a chemotherapy-free approach in the future.
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47
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48
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Wu J. Shp2 regulates leukemic stem cell frequency in MLL-rearranged acute myeloid leukemia. Stem Cell Investig 2015; 2:7. [PMID: 27358875 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2306-9759.2015.04.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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