1
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Yu W, Lutz C, Krämer A, Schmidt-Zachmann MS. The JmjC-domain protein NO66/RIOX-1 affects the balance between proliferation and maturation in acute myeloid leukemia. Exp Cell Res 2021; 402:112566. [PMID: 33745927 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As epigenetic regulators are frequently dysregulated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) we determined expression levels of the JmjC-protein NO66 in AML cell lines and sub fractions of healthy human hematopoietic cells. NO66 is absent in the AML cell lines KG1/KG1a which consist of cells with the immature CD34+/CD38- phenotype and is regarded as a "stem cell-like" model system. Similarly, NO66 is not detectable in CD34+/CD38- cells purified from healthy donors but is clearly expressed in the more committed CD34+/CD38+ cell population. Loss of NO66 expression in KG1/KG1a cells is due to hyper-methylation of its promoter and is released by DNA-methyltransferase inhibitors. In KG1a cells stably expressing exogenous wild type (KG1a66wt) or enzymatically inactive mutant (KG1a66mut) NO66, respectively, the wild type protein inhibited proliferation and rDNA transcription. Gene expression profiling revealed that the expression of NO66 induces a transcriptional program enriched for genes with roles in proliferation and maturation (e.g.EPDR1, FCER1A, CD247, MYCN, SNORD13). Genes important for the maintenance of stem cell properties are downregulated (e.g. SIRPA, Lin28B, JAML). Our results indicate that NO66 induces lineage commitment towards myeloid progenitor cell fate and suggest that NO66 contributes to loss of stem cell properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Yu
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Hematology/Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Christoph Lutz
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Alwin Krämer
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Hematology/Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Marion S Schmidt-Zachmann
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Hematology/Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
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2
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Papadopoulou M, Sanchez Sanchez G, Vermijlen D. Innate and adaptive γδ T cells: How, when, and why. Immunol Rev 2020; 298:99-116. [PMID: 33146423 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
γδ T cells comprise the third cell lineage of lymphocytes that use, like αβ T cells and B cells, V(D)J gene rearrangement with the potential to generate a highly diverse T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. There is no obvious conservation of γδ T cell subsets (based on TCR repertoire and/or function) between mice and human, leading to the notion that human and mouse γδ T cells are highly different. In this review, we focus on human γδ T cells, building on recent studies using high-throughput sequencing to analyze the TCR repertoire in various settings. We make then the comparison with mouse γδ T cell subsets highlighting the similarities and differences and describe the remarkable changes during lifespan of innate and adaptive γδ T cells. Finally, we propose mechanisms contributing to the generation of innate versus adaptive γδ T cells. We conclude that key elements related to the generation of the γδ TCR repertoire and γδ T cell activation/development are conserved between human and mice, highlighting the similarities between these two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papadopoulou
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium.,ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Belgium
| | - Guillem Sanchez Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium.,ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Belgium
| | - David Vermijlen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium.,ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Belgium
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3
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The efficiency of murine MLL-ENL-driven leukemia initiation changes with age and peaks during neonatal development. Blood Adv 2020; 3:2388-2399. [PMID: 31405949 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MLL rearrangements are translocation mutations that cause both acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). These translocations can occur as sole clonal driver mutations in infant leukemias, suggesting that fetal or neonatal hematopoietic progenitors may be exquisitely sensitive to transformation by MLL fusion proteins. To test this possibility, we used transgenic mice to induce one translocation product, MLL-ENL, during fetal, neonatal, juvenile and adult stages of life. When MLL-ENL was induced in fetal or neonatal mice, almost all died of AML. In contrast, when MLL-ENL was induced in adult mice, most survived for >1 year despite sustained transgene expression. AML initiation was most efficient when MLL-ENL was induced in neonates, and even transient suppression of MLL-ENL in neonates could prevent AML in most mice. MLL-ENL target genes were induced more efficiently in neonatal progenitors than in adult progenitors, consistent with the distinct AML initiation efficiencies. Interestingly, transplantation stress mitigated the developmental barrier to leukemogenesis. Since fetal/neonatal progenitors were highly competent to initiate MLL-ENL-driven AML, we tested whether Lin28b, a fetal master regulator, could accelerate leukemogenesis. Surprisingly, Lin28b suppressed AML initiation rather than accelerating it. This may explain why MLL rearrangements often occur before birth in human infant leukemia patients, but transformation usually does not occur until after birth, when Lin28b levels decline. Our findings show that the efficiency of MLL-ENL-driven AML initiation changes through the course of pre- and postnatal development, and developmental programs can be manipulated to impede transformation.
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4
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Lin28 Signaling Supports Mammalian PNS and CNS Axon Regeneration. Cell Rep 2019; 24:2540-2552.e6. [PMID: 30184489 PMCID: PMC6173831 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins Lin28a/b regulate cellular growth and tissue regeneration. Here, we investigated the role of Lin28 in the control of axon regeneration in postmitotic neurons. We find that Lin28a/b are both necessary and sufficient for supporting axon regeneration in mature sensory neurons through their regulatory partners, let-7 microRNAs (miRNAs). More importantly, overexpression of Lin28a in mature retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) produces robust and sustained optic nerve regeneration. Additionally, combined overexpression of Lin28a and downregulation of Pten in RGCs act additively to promote optic nerve regeneration, potentially by reducing the backward turning of regenerating RGC axons. Our findings not only reveal a vital role of Lin28 signaling in regulating mammalian axon regeneration but also identify a signaling pathway that can promote axon regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS). Axon regeneration in the mammalian CNS is a challenge. Wang et al. show that the Lin28/let-7 axis plays an important role in governing mammalian axon regeneration in the peripheral nervous system. More importantly, overexpression of Lin28a induces robust and sustained axon regeneration in the CNS.
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5
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Bovo S, Mazzoni G, Bertolini F, Schiavo G, Galimberti G, Gallo M, Dall'Olio S, Fontanesi L. Genome-wide association studies for 30 haematological and blood clinical-biochemical traits in Large White pigs reveal genomic regions affecting intermediate phenotypes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7003. [PMID: 31065004 PMCID: PMC6504931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43297-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Haematological and clinical-biochemical parameters are considered indicators of the physiological/health status of animals and might serve as intermediate phenotypes to link physiological aspects to production and disease resistance traits. The dissection of the genetic variability affecting these phenotypes might be useful to describe the resilience of the animals and to support the usefulness of the pig as animal model. Here, we analysed 15 haematological and 15 clinical-biochemical traits in 843 Italian Large White pigs, via three genome-wide association scan approaches (single-trait, multi-trait and Bayesian). We identified 52 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with 29 out of 30 analysed blood parameters, with the most significant QTL identified on porcine chromosome 14 for basophil count. Some QTL regions harbour genes that may be the obvious candidates: QTLs for cholesterol parameters identified genes (ADCY8, APOB, ATG5, CDKAL1, PCSK5, PRL and SOX6) that are directly involved in cholesterol metabolism; other QTLs highlighted genes encoding the enzymes being measured [ALT (known also as GPT) and AST (known also as GOT)]. Moreover, the multivariate approach strengthened the association results for several candidate genes. The obtained results can contribute to define new measurable phenotypes that could be applied in breeding programs as proxies for more complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Bovo
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Mazzoni
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Francesca Bertolini
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Giuseppina Schiavo
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuliano Galimberti
- Department of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", University of Bologna, Via delle Belle Arti 41, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maurizio Gallo
- Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Suini (ANAS), Via Nizza 53, 00198, Roma, Italy
| | - Stefania Dall'Olio
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Fontanesi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
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6
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Amani S, Shahrooz R, Karimi A, Bakhtiari Z, Mortaz E. Developing Rat Bone Marrow Derived Mast Cells by the Splenic Cells Culture Supernatant of Rat and Mouse. TANAFFOS 2019; 18:89-95. [PMID: 32440295 PMCID: PMC7230130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of various immunological and non-immunological diseases. It is now accepted that culturing primary mast cells considered as a tool for investigation role of mast cells in diseases. Development of various animal primary mast cells and their function could be used for the translational studies in the pathogenesis of human diseases. The aim of the study was to develop simple and cost-efficient method for differentiation and culture of rat mast cells from bone marrow by using rat and mouse spleen supernatant. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bone marrow cells from 10 to15-weeks-old male rats was obtained and cultured for three weeks on cell culture medium. After that, purity of cells was approved by FCɛRI and CD117 antibodies, toluidine blue and Immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS After 3 weeks continuous culturing, high purity of cells was found. CD117, CD34 expression and tryptase were 80.1, 76.89 and 87.9%, respectively by rat splenic supernatant, whereas 85.4, 83.07 and 82.1%, respectively with mouse splenic supernatants. Besides, rat spleen supernatant developed 91.4% and mouse splenocyte supernatant developed 89.7% mast cells based on surface markers. CONCLUSION The data presented in this study indicated equal maturation and differentiation of bone marrow derived rat mast cells by using both spleen supernatants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeede Amani
- Department of Comparative Histology and Anatomy Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Rasoul Shahrooz
- Department of Comparative Histology and Anatomy Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ali Karimi
- Department of Comparative Histology and Anatomy Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Zahra Bakhtiari
- Department of Comparative Histology and Anatomy Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mortaz
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Correspondence to: Mortaz E, Address: Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Email address:
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7
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Menezes MR, Balzeau J, Hagan JP. 3' RNA Uridylation in Epitranscriptomics, Gene Regulation, and Disease. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:61. [PMID: 30057901 PMCID: PMC6053540 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence implicates a wide range of post-transcriptional RNA modifications that play crucial roles in fundamental biological processes including regulating gene expression. Collectively, they are known as epitranscriptomics. Recent studies implicate 3' RNA uridylation, the non-templated addition of uridine(s) to the terminal end of RNA, as a key player in epitranscriptomics. In this review, we describe the functional roles and significance of 3' terminal RNA uridylation that has diverse functions in regulating both mRNAs and non-coding RNAs. In mammals, three Terminal Uridylyl Transferases (TUTases) are primarily responsible for 3' RNA uridylation. These enzymes are also referred to as polyU polymerases. TUTase 1 (TUT1) is implicated in U6 snRNA maturation via uridylation. The TUTases TUT4 and/or TUT7 are the predominant mediators of all other cellular uridylation. Terminal uridylation promotes turnover for many polyadenylated mRNAs, replication-dependent histone mRNAs that lack polyA-tails, and aberrant structured noncoding RNAs. In addition, uridylation regulates biogenesis of a subset of microRNAs and generates isomiRs, sequent variant microRNAs that have altered function in specific cases. For example, the RNA binding protein and proto-oncogene LIN28A and TUT4 work together to polyuridylate pre-let-7, thereby blocking biogenesis and function of the tumor suppressor let-7 microRNA family. In contrast, monouridylation of Group II pre-miRNAs creates an optimal 3' overhang that promotes recognition and subsequent cleavage by the Dicer-TRBP complex that then yields the mature microRNA. Also, uridylation may play a role in non-canonical microRNA biogenesis. The overall significance of 3' RNA uridylation is discussed with an emphasis on mammalian development, gene regulation, and disease, including cancer and Perlman syndrome. We also introduce recent changes to the HUGO-approved gene names for multiple terminal nucleotidyl transferases that affects in part TUTase nomenclature (TUT1/TENT1, TENT2/PAPD4/GLD2, TUT4/ZCCHC11/TENT3A, TUT7/ZCCHC6/TENT3B, TENT4A/PAPD7, TENT4B/PAPD5, TENT5A/FAM46A, TENT5B/FAM46B, TENT5C/FAM46C, TENT5D/FAM46D, MTPAP/TENT6/PAPD1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam R Menezes
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Julien Balzeau
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John P Hagan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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8
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Xiong H, Zhao W, Wang J, Seifer BJ, Ye C, Chen Y, Jia Y, Chen C, Shen J, Wang L, Sui X, Zhou J. Oncogenic mechanisms of Lin28 in breast cancer: new functions and therapeutic opportunities. Oncotarget 2018; 8:25721-25735. [PMID: 28147339 PMCID: PMC5421965 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA binding protein Lin28 is best known for the critical role in cell development, recent researches also have implied its oncogenic function in various human cancers, including breast cancer. Specifically, aberrant Lin28 participates in multiple pathological processes, such as proliferation, metastasis, radiotherapy and chemotherapy resistance, metabolism, immunity and inflammation as well as stemness. In this review, we summarize the let-7-dependent and let-7-independent mechanism regulated by Lin28, focusing on its relation with tumor hallmarks in breast cancer, and subsequently discuss our present knowledge of Lin28 to develop a molecular-based therapeutic strategy against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchu Xiong
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenhe Zhao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Chenyang Ye
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Intervention, National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongxia Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunlu Jia
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianguo Shen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linbo Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinbing Sui
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jichun Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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9
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Hong S. RNA Binding Protein as an Emerging Therapeutic Target for Cancer Prevention and Treatment. J Cancer Prev 2017; 22:203-210. [PMID: 29302577 PMCID: PMC5751837 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2017.22.4.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
After transcription, RNAs are always associated with RNA binding proteins (RBPs) to perform biological activities. RBPs can interact with target RNAs in sequence- and structure-dependent manner through their unique RNA binding domains. In development and progression of carcinogenesis, RBPs are aberrantly dysregulated in many human cancers with various mechanisms, such as genetic alteration, epigenetic change, noncoding RNA-mediated regulation, and post-translational modifications. Upon deregulation in cancers, RBPs influence every step in the development and progression of cancer, including sustained cell proliferation, evasion of apoptosis, avoiding immune surveillance, inducing angiogenesis, and activating metastasis. To develop therapeutic strategies targeting RBPs, RNA interference-based oligonucleotides or small molecule inhibitors have been screened based on reduced RBP-RNA interaction and changed level of target RNAs. Identification of binding RNAs with high-throughput techniques and integral analysis of multiple datasets will help us develop new therapeutic drugs or prognostic biomarkers for human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suntaek Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
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10
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Rowe RG, Mandelbaum J, Zon LI, Daley GQ. Engineering Hematopoietic Stem Cells: Lessons from Development. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 18:707-720. [PMID: 27257760 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell engineering has brought us tantalizingly close to the goal of deriving patient-specific hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). While directed differentiation and transcription factor-mediated conversion strategies have generated progenitor cells with multilineage potential, to date, therapy-grade engineered HSCs remain elusive due to insufficient long-term self-renewal and inadequate differentiated progeny functionality. A cross-species approach involving zebrafish and mammalian systems offers complementary methodologies to improve understanding of native HSCs. Here, we discuss the role of conserved developmental timing processes in vertebrate hematopoiesis, highlighting how identification and manipulation of stage-specific factors that specify HSC developmental state must be harnessed to engineer HSCs for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Grant Rowe
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joseph Mandelbaum
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - George Q Daley
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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11
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Zhou J, Chan ZL, Bi C, Lu X, Chong PSY, Chooi JY, Cheong LL, Liu SC, Ching YQ, Zhou Y, Osato M, Tan TZ, Ng CH, Ng SB, Wang S, Zeng Q, Chng WJ. LIN28B Activation by PRL-3 Promotes Leukemogenesis and a Stem Cell-like Transcriptional Program in AML. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 15:294-303. [PMID: 28011885 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0275-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PRL-3 (PTP4A3), a metastasis-associated phosphatase, is also upregulated in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and is associated with poor prognosis, but the underlying molecular mechanism is unknown. Here, constitutive expression of PRL-3 in human AML cells sustains leukemogenesis in vitro and in vivo Furthermore, PRL-3 phosphatase activity dependently upregulates LIN28B, a stem cell reprogramming factor, which in turn represses the let-7 mRNA family, inducing a stem cell-like transcriptional program. Notably, elevated levels of LIN28B protein independently associate with worse survival in AML patients. Thus, these results establish a novel signaling axis involving PRL-3/LIN28B/let-7, which confers stem cell-like properties to leukemia cells that is important for leukemogenesis.Implications: The current study offers a rationale for targeting PRL-3 as a therapeutic approach for a subset of AML patients with poor prognosis. Mol Cancer Res; 15(3); 294-303. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbiao Zhou
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zit-Liang Chan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Chonglei Bi
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xiao Lu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Phyllis S Y Chong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jing-Yuan Chooi
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Lip-Lee Cheong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Shaw-Cheng Liu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ying Qing Ching
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yafeng Zhou
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Motomi Osato
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Chin Hin Ng
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, NUHS, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Siok-Bian Ng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shi Wang
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Qi Zeng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore. .,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, NUHS, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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12
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Zipeto MA, Court AC, Sadarangani A, Delos Santos NP, Balaian L, Chun HJ, Pineda G, Morris SR, Mason CN, Geron I, Barrett C, Goff DJ, Wall R, Pellecchia M, Minden M, Frazer KA, Marra MA, Crews LA, Jiang Q, Jamieson CHM. ADAR1 Activation Drives Leukemia Stem Cell Self-Renewal by Impairing Let-7 Biogenesis. Cell Stem Cell 2016; 19:177-191. [PMID: 27292188 PMCID: PMC4975616 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Post-transcriptional adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing mediated by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA1 (ADAR1) promotes cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. However, ADAR1 editase-dependent mechanisms governing leukemia stem cell (LSC) generation have not been elucidated. In blast crisis chronic myeloid leukemia (BC CML), we show that increased JAK2 signaling and BCR-ABL1 amplification activate ADAR1. In a humanized BC CML mouse model, combined JAK2 and BCR-ABL1 inhibition prevents LSC self-renewal commensurate with ADAR1 downregulation. Lentiviral ADAR1 wild-type, but not an editing-defective ADAR1(E912A) mutant, induces self-renewal gene expression and impairs biogenesis of stem cell regulatory let-7 microRNAs. Combined RNA sequencing, qRT-PCR, CLIP-ADAR1, and pri-let-7 mutagenesis data suggest that ADAR1 promotes LSC generation via let-7 pri-microRNA editing and LIN28B upregulation. A small-molecule tool compound antagonizes ADAR1's effect on LSC self-renewal in stromal co-cultures and restores let-7 biogenesis. Thus, ADAR1 activation represents a unique therapeutic vulnerability in LSCs with active JAK2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Anna Zipeto
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Angela C Court
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Anil Sadarangani
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nathaniel P Delos Santos
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Larisa Balaian
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hye-Jung Chun
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Gabriel Pineda
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sheldon R Morris
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Cayla N Mason
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ifat Geron
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christian Barrett
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Daniel J Goff
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Russell Wall
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Maurizio Pellecchia
- School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Mark Minden
- Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Kelly A Frazer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Leslie A Crews
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Qingfei Jiang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Catriona H M Jamieson
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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13
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Rowe RG, Wang LD, Coma S, Han A, Mathieu R, Pearson DS, Ross S, Sousa P, Nguyen PT, Rodriguez A, Wagers AJ, Daley GQ. Developmental regulation of myeloerythroid progenitor function by the Lin28b-let-7-Hmga2 axis. J Exp Med 2016; 213:1497-512. [PMID: 27401346 PMCID: PMC4986532 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20151912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Daley and collaborators show that endogenous Lin28b drives erythroid-dominant fetal hematopoiesis and that decreases in Lin28b activate adult granulocyte-predominant hematopoiesis. For appropriate development, tissue and organ system morphogenesis and maturation must occur in synchrony with the overall developmental requirements of the host. Mistiming of such developmental events often results in disease. The hematopoietic system matures from the fetal state, characterized by robust erythrocytic output that supports prenatal growth in the hypoxic intrauterine environment, to the postnatal state wherein granulocytes predominate to provide innate immunity. Regulation of the developmental timing of these myeloerythroid states is not well understood. In this study, we find that expression of the heterochronic factor Lin28b decreases in common myeloid progenitors during hematopoietic maturation to adulthood in mice. This decrease in Lin28b coincides with accumulation of mature let-7 microRNAs, whose biogenesis is regulated by Lin28 proteins. We find that inhibition of let-7 in the adult hematopoietic system recapitulates fetal erythroid-dominant hematopoiesis. Conversely, deletion of Lin28b or ectopic activation of let-7 microRNAs in the fetal state induces a shift toward adult-like myeloid-dominant output. Furthermore, we identify Hmga2 as an effector of this genetic switch. These studies provide the first detailed analysis of the roles of endogenous Lin28b and let-7 in the timing of hematopoietic states during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Grant Rowe
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Stem Cell Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Leo D Wang
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Stem Cell Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215 Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138 Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Silvia Coma
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Stem Cell Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Areum Han
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Stem Cell Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215 Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Ronald Mathieu
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138 Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Daniel S Pearson
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Stem Cell Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Samantha Ross
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Stem Cell Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Patricia Sousa
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Stem Cell Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Phi T Nguyen
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138 Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Antony Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Amy J Wagers
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138 Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215 Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - George Q Daley
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Stem Cell Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215 Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138 Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115 Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115
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14
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Helsmoortel HH, De Moerloose B, Pieters T, Ghazavi F, Bresolin S, Cavé H, de Vries A, de Haas V, Flotho C, Labarque V, Niemeyer C, De Paepe P, Van Roy N, Stary J, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Benoit Y, Schulte J, Goossens S, Berx G, Haigh JJ, Speleman F, Van Vlierberghe P, Lammens T. LIN28B is over-expressed in specific subtypes of pediatric leukemia and regulates lncRNA H19. Haematologica 2016; 101:e240-4. [PMID: 26969084 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.143818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hetty H Helsmoortel
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Barbara De Moerloose
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Tim Pieters
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Belgium Unit for Molecular and Cellular Oncology, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Belgium Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Farzaneh Ghazavi
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Silvia Bresolin
- Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Hélène Cavé
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital of Robert Debré and Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Andrica de Vries
- Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Valerie de Haas
- Dutch Childhood Oncology Group (DCOG), the Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Flotho
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Veerle Labarque
- Pediatric Haemato-Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Niemeyer
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Jan Stary
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marry M van den Heuvel-Eibrink
- Dutch Childhood Oncology Group (DCOG), the Hague, the Netherlands Princess Maxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yves Benoit
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Johannes Schulte
- Division of Neuroblastoma Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany Department of Paediatric Oncology and Haematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Essen, Germany Translational Neuro-Oncology, West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Steven Goossens
- Unit for Molecular and Cellular Oncology, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Belgium Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Geert Berx
- Unit for Molecular and Cellular Oncology, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Belgium Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Jody J Haigh
- Mammalian Functional Genetics Laboratory, Division of Blood Cancers, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Tim Lammens
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
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15
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Jiang S, Baltimore D. RNA-binding protein Lin28 in cancer and immunity. Cancer Lett 2016; 375:108-113. [PMID: 26945970 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The highly conserved RNA-binding protein, Lin28, is involved in many biological processes, including development, reprogramming, pluripotency, and metabolism. Importantly, Lin28 functions as an oncogene, promoting tumor progression and metastasis in various human cancers. Lin28 can regulate gene expression either by directly binding to mRNAs or by blocking microRNA biogenesis, and the underlying mechanisms include Let-7-dependent and Let-7-independent modes of action. Recent evidence shows that Lin28 also plays a fundamental role in immunity. The roles of Lin28 in disease are complex and require characterization of its physiological functions in cancer and immunological contexts. Here we review emerging information on the role of Lin28 in cancer and immunity and the molecular mechanisms it uses. We discuss our present knowledge of the system and highlight remaining mysteries related to the functions of this small RNA-binding protein. This knowledge may lead to Lin28 becoming a diagnostic marker for cancer or immune-related diseases and a possible therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Jiang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - David Baltimore
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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16
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LIN28B overexpression defines a novel fetal-like subgroup of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. Blood 2015; 127:1163-72. [PMID: 26712910 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-09-667808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a rare and aggressive stem cell disease of early childhood. RAS activation constitutes the core component of oncogenic signaling. In addition, leukemic blasts in one-fourth of JMML patients present with monosomy 7, and more than half of patients show elevated age-adjusted fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the current standard of care and results in an event-free survival rate of 50% to 60%, indicating that novel molecular-driven therapeutic options are urgently needed. Using gene expression profiling in a series of 82 patient samples, we aimed at understanding the molecular biology behind JMML and identified a previously unrecognized molecular subgroup characterized by high LIN28B expression. LIN28B overexpression was significantly correlated with higher HbF levels, whereas patients with monosomy 7 seldom showed enhanced LIN28B expression. This finding gives a biological explanation of why patients with monosomy 7 are rarely diagnosed with high age-adjusted HbF levels. In addition, this new fetal-like JMML subgroup presented with reduced levels of most members of the let-7 microRNA family and showed characteristic overexpression of genes involved in fetal hematopoiesis and stem cell self-renewal. Lastly, high LIN28B expression was associated with poor clinical outcome in our JMML patient series but was not independent from other prognostic factors such as age and age-adjusted HbF levels. In conclusion, we identified elevated LIN28B expression as a hallmark of a novel fetal-like subgroup in JMML.
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17
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Abstract
LIN28 is an RNA-binding protein that is best known for its roles in promoting pluripotency via regulation of the microRNA let-7. However, recent studies have uncovered new roles for LIN28 and have revealed how it functions, suggesting that it is more than just a regulator of miRNA biogenesis. Together, these findings imply a new paradigm for LIN28 - as a gatekeeper molecule that regulates the transition between pluripotency and committed cell lineages, in both let-7-dependent and let-7-independent manners. Here, we provide an overview of LIN28 function in development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Tsialikas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Jennifer Romer-Seibert
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
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18
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Yankova R, Abadjieva T, Belovezhdov V. Cutaneous Mastocytosis with Persistent Blistering: Successful Treatment with Methylprednisolone and 3-Year Follow-Up Management. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2015; 5:145-50. [PMID: 25876210 PMCID: PMC4470957 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-015-0073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mastocytosis is a rare disorder with diverse clinical manifestations. In cutaneous mastocytosis the mast cell infiltration is limited to the skin, but is often associated with systemic symptoms due to the release of mast cell mediators. Case Report We report a 6-month-old male infant who had skin lesions of various morphologies (macules, papules, plaques, and nodules) and sizes, persistent blistering and frequent flushing episodes for half a year. Vital signs and physical examinations were unremarkable. No abnormalities in the laboratory tests were found except for a serum tryptase level (STL) of 11.8 ng/ml. The histological and immunohistochemical examinations confirmed the diagnosis of cutaneous mastocytosis. The patient was first treated with methylprednisolone, oral levocetirizine, and topical fusidic acid/betamethasone cream. Subsequently the treatment was tapered and stopped within 9 weeks. The child’s symptoms improved and were successfully controlled with intermittent courses of ketotifen and topical hydrocortisone over 3 years. Conclusion Childhood cutaneous mastocytosis usually has a favorable prognosis, but in some cases the disease can progress with skin manifestations necessitating a more active systemic and topical treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13555-015-0073-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumyana Yankova
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria,
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