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Sasine JP, Kozlova NY, Valicente L, Dukov J, Tran DH, Himburg HA, Kumar S, Khorsandi S, Chan A, Grohe S, Li M, Kan J, Sehl ME, Schiller GJ, Reinhardt B, Singh BK, Ho R, Yue P, Pasquale EB, Chute JP. Inhibition of Ephrin B2 Reverse Signaling Abolishes Multiple Myeloma Pathogenesis. Cancer Res 2024; 84:919-934. [PMID: 38231476 PMCID: PMC10940855 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-1950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Bone marrow vascular endothelial cells (BM EC) regulate multiple myeloma pathogenesis. Identification of the mechanisms underlying this interaction could lead to the development of improved strategies for treating multiple myeloma. Here, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of human ECs with high capacity to promote multiple myeloma growth, revealing overexpression of the receptor tyrosine kinases, EPHB1 and EPHB4, in multiple myeloma-supportive ECs. Expression of ephrin B2 (EFNB2), the binding partner for EPHB1 and EPHB4, was significantly increased in multiple myeloma cells. Silencing EPHB1 or EPHB4 in ECs suppressed multiple myeloma growth in coculture. Similarly, loss of EFNB2 in multiple myeloma cells blocked multiple myeloma proliferation and survival in vitro, abrogated multiple myeloma engraftment in immune-deficient mice, and increased multiple myeloma sensitivity to chemotherapy. Administration of an EFNB2-targeted single-chain variable fragment also suppressed multiple myeloma growth in vivo. In contrast, overexpression of EFNB2 in multiple myeloma cells increased STAT5 activation, increased multiple myeloma cell survival and proliferation, and decreased multiple myeloma sensitivity to chemotherapy. Conversely, expression of mutant EFNB2 lacking reverse signaling capacity in multiple myeloma cells increased multiple myeloma cell death and sensitivity to chemotherapy and abolished multiple myeloma growth in vivo. Complementary analysis of multiple myeloma patient data revealed that increased EFNB2 expression is associated with adverse-risk disease and decreased survival. This study suggests that EFNB2 reverse signaling controls multiple myeloma pathogenesis and can be therapeutically targeted to improve multiple myeloma outcomes. SIGNIFICANCE Ephrin B2 reverse signaling mediated by endothelial cells directly regulates multiple myeloma progression and treatment resistance, which can be overcome through targeted inhibition of ephrin B2 to abolish myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P. Sasine
- Division of Hematology & Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
- Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, California
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Natalia Y. Kozlova
- Division of Hematology & Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
- Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lisa Valicente
- Division of Hematology & Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
- Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jennifer Dukov
- Division of Hematology & Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
- Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dana H. Tran
- Division of Hematology & Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
- Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Heather A. Himburg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sarah Khorsandi
- Division of Hematology & Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Aldi Chan
- Division of Hematology & Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Samantha Grohe
- Division of Hematology & Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michelle Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jenny Kan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mary E. Sehl
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gary J. Schiller
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bryanna Reinhardt
- Division of Hematology & Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Brijesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ritchie Ho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Peibin Yue
- Division of Hematology & Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Elena B. Pasquale
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, San Diego, California
| | - John P. Chute
- Division of Hematology & Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
- Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, California
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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2
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Cencini E, Sicuranza A, Ciofini S, Fabbri A, Bocchia M, Gozzetti A. Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Multiple Myeloma: Key Role in Disease Biology and Potential Therapeutic Implications. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:6111-6133. [PMID: 37504315 PMCID: PMC10378698 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30070455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by multiple relapse and, despite the introduction of novel therapies, the disease becomes ultimately drug-resistant. The tumor microenvironment (TME) within the bone marrow niche includes dendritic cells, T-cytotoxic, T-helper, reactive B-lymphoid cells and macrophages, with a complex cross-talk between these cells and the MM tumor cells. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) have an important role in the MM pathogenesis, since they could promote plasma cells proliferation and angiogenesis, further supporting MM immune evasion and progression. TAM are polarized towards M1 (classically activated, antitumor activity) and M2 (alternatively activated, pro-tumor activity) subtypes. Many studies demonstrated a correlation between TAM, disease progression, drug-resistance and reduced survival in lymphoproliferative neoplasms, including MM. MM plasma cells in vitro could favor an M2 TAM polarization. Moreover, a possible correlation between the pro-tumor effect of M2 TAM and a reduced sensitivity to proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs was hypothesized. Several clinical studies confirmed CD68/CD163 double-positive M2 TAM were associated with increased microvessel density, chemoresistance and reduced survival, independently of the MM stage. This review provided an overview of the biology and clinical relevance of TAM in MM, as well as a comprehensive evaluation of a potential TAM-targeted immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Cencini
- Unit of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Sicuranza
- Unit of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Sara Ciofini
- Unit of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alberto Fabbri
- Unit of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Monica Bocchia
- Unit of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gozzetti
- Unit of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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3
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Maksimos M, Muz B, Magnani JL, Azab AK. E-selectin-targeting lipid nanoparticles improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce side effects of bortezomib in multiple myeloma. Blood Cancer J 2023; 13:48. [PMID: 37029121 PMCID: PMC10081993 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-023-00828-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Maksimos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Barbara Muz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Abdel Kareem Azab
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Hervás-Salcedo R, Martín-Antonio B. A Journey through the Inter-Cellular Interactions in the Bone Marrow in Multiple Myeloma: Implications for the Next Generation of Treatments. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3796. [PMID: 35954459 PMCID: PMC9367481 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors are composed of a plethora of extracellular matrix, tumor and non-tumor cells that form a tumor microenvironment (TME) that nurtures the tumor cells and creates a favorable environment where tumor cells grow and proliferate. In multiple myeloma (MM), the TME is the bone marrow (BM). Non-tumor cells can belong either to the non-hematological compartment that secretes soluble mediators to create a favorable environment for MM cells to grow, or to the immune cell compartment that perform an anti-MM activity in healthy conditions. Indeed, marrow-infiltrating lymphocytes (MILs) are associated with a good prognosis in MM patients and have served as the basis for developing different immunotherapy strategies. However, MM cells and other cells in the BM can polarize their phenotype and activity, creating an immunosuppressive environment where immune cells do not perform their cytotoxic activity properly, promoting tumor progression. Understanding cell-cell interactions in the BM and their impact on MM proliferation and the performance of tumor surveillance will help in designing efficient anti-MM therapies. Here, we take a journey through the BM, describing the interactions of MM cells with cells of the non-hematological and hematological compartment to highlight their impact on MM progression and the development of novel MM treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz Martín-Antonio
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Diaz (IIS-FJD), University Autonomous of Madrid (UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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5
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Solimando AG, Da Vià MC, Bolli N, Steinbrunn T. The Route of the Malignant Plasma Cell in Its Survival Niche: Exploring “Multiple Myelomas”. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133271. [PMID: 35805041 PMCID: PMC9265748 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence points to multiple myeloma (MM) and its stromal microenvironment using several mechanisms to subvert effective immune and anti-tumor responses. Recent advances have uncovered the tumor-stromal cell influence in regulating the immune-microenvironment and have envisioned targeting these suppressive pathways to improve therapeutic outcomes. Nevertheless, some subgroups of patients include those with particularly unfavorable prognoses. Biological stratification can be used to categorize patient-, disease- or therapy-related factors, or alternatively, these biological determinants can be included in a dynamic model that customizes a given treatment to a specific patient. Genetic heterogeneity and current knowledge enforce a systematic and comprehensive bench-to-bedside approach. Given the increasing role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in better characterizing the pathogenesis of solid and hematological malignancies, disease relapse, and drug resistance, identifying and describing CSCs is of paramount importance in the management of MM. Even though the function of CSCs is well-known in other cancer types, their role in MM remains elusive. With this review, we aim to provide an update on MM homing and resilience in the bone marrow micro milieu. These data are particularly interesting for clinicians facing unmet medical needs while designing novel treatment approaches for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine ‘G. Baccelli’, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.G.S.); (T.S.); Tel.: +39-3395626475 (A.G.S.)
| | - Matteo Claudio Da Vià
- Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.C.D.V.); (N.B.)
| | - Niccolò Bolli
- Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.C.D.V.); (N.B.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Torsten Steinbrunn
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Correspondence: (A.G.S.); (T.S.); Tel.: +39-3395626475 (A.G.S.)
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6
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Xiao PP, Luo BQ, Fan W, Chen XY, Dong ZG, Huang JM, Zhang Y, Chen YQ. Simultaneous Presentation of Multiple Myeloma and Lung Cancer: Case Report and Gene Bioinformatics Analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:859735. [PMID: 35769716 PMCID: PMC9235397 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.859735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with more than one cancer generally develop the individual tumors sequentially. There are a few cases of co-occurring multiple myeloma and lung cancer reported in the literature. Here, we report two cases of co-occurring multiple myeloma and lung cancer in patients who presented with the chief complaint of pain. The diagnoses of multiple myeloma and lung cancer were supported by hematologic and biochemical investigations, as well as bone marrow and lung histopathologic examination. We provided suitable interventions for both two patients. The patients are still currently undergoing treatment and followed up closely. We first performed a bioinformatic analysis to determine commonly shared genes and pathways in the two types of cancer types. Fortunately, we identified the hub gene mitochondrial trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (MECR), which was overexpressed in both tumors. Survival analysis correlated higher MECR expression with poorer overall survival. Signaling pathway analysis suggested possible transduction pathways implicated in the co-occurrence of both tumors. The clinical cases combined with bioinformatic analysis may provide insight for the pathogenesis of synchronous tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Ping Xiao
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Ping-Ping Xiao,
| | - Bing-Qing Luo
- Department of Respiratory Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Xu-Yan Chen
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhi-Gao Dong
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Jin-Mei Huang
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Yong-Quan Chen
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
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7
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Solimando AG, Kalogirou C, Krebs M. Angiogenesis as Therapeutic Target in Metastatic Prostate Cancer - Narrowing the Gap Between Bench and Bedside. Front Immunol 2022; 13:842038. [PMID: 35222436 PMCID: PMC8866833 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.842038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has been extensively investigated as a promising druggable biological process. Nonetheless, targeting angiogenesis has failed to impact overall survival (OS) in patients with mCRPC despite promising preclinical and early clinical data. This discrepancy prompted a literature review highlighting the tumor heterogeneity and biological context of Prostate Cancer (PCa). Narrowing the gap between the bench and bedside appears critical for developing novel therapeutic strategies. Searching clinicaltrials.gov for studies examining angiogenesis inhibition in patients with PCa resulted in n=20 trials with specific angiogenesis inhibitors currently recruiting (as of September 2021). Moreover, several other compounds with known anti-angiogenic properties - such as Metformin or Curcumin - are currently investigated. In general, angiogenesis-targeting strategies in PCa include biomarker-guided treatment stratification - as well as combinatorial approaches. Beyond established angiogenesis inhibitors, PCa therapies aiming at PSMA (Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen) hold the promise to have a substantial anti-angiogenic effect - due to PSMA´s abundant expression in tumor vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine "G. Baccelli", University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Charis Kalogirou
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Krebs
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Qiu J, Li Y, Wang B, Sun X, Qian D, Ying Y, Zhou J. The Role and Research Progress of Inhibitor of Differentiation 1 in Atherosclerosis. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:71-79. [PMID: 35049366 PMCID: PMC8863915 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitor of differentiation 1 has a helix-loop-helix (HLH) structure, belongs to a class of molecules known as the HLH trans-acting factor family, and plays an important role in advancing the cell cycle, promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting cell differentiation. Recent studies have confirmed that inhibitor of differentiation 1 plays an important role in the endothelial-mesenchymal transition of vascular endothelial cells, angiogenesis, reendothelialization after injury, and the formation and rupture of atherosclerotic plaques. An in-depth understanding of the role of inhibitor of differentiation 1 in atherosclerosis will provide new ideas and strategies for the treatment of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Department of Cardiology, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Department of Cardiology, Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering (NIIME), Ningbo, China
| | - Youhong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - BingYu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Department of Cardiology, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Department of Cardiology, Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering (NIIME), Ningbo, China
| | - XinYi Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Department of Cardiology, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Department of Cardiology, Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering (NIIME), Ningbo, China
| | - Dingding Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuchen Ying
- Department of Cardiology, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianqing Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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9
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Kumegawa S, Yamada G, Hashimoto D, Hirashima T, Kajimoto M, Isono K, Fujimoto K, Suzuki K, Uemura K, Ema M, Asamura S. Development of Surgical and Visualization Procedures to Analyze Vasculatures by Mouse Tail Edema Model. Biol Proced Online 2021; 23:21. [PMID: 34758723 PMCID: PMC8582144 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-021-00159-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Because of the high frequency of chronic edema formation in the current “aged” society, analyses and detailed observation of post-surgical edema are getting more required. Post-surgical examination of the dynamic vasculature including L.V. (Lymphatic Vasculature) to monitor edema formation has not been efficiently performed. Hence, procedures for investigating such vasculature are essential. By inserting transparent sheet into the cutaneous layer of mouse tails as a novel surgery model (theTailEdema bySilicone sheet mediatedTransparency protocol; TEST), the novel procedures are introduced and analyzed by series of histological analyses including video-based L.V. observation and 3D histological reconstruction of vasculatures in mouse tails. Results The dynamic generation of post-surgical main and fine (neo) L.V. connective structure during the edematous recovery process was visualized by series of studies with a novel surgery model. Snapshot images taken from live binocular image recording for TEST samples suggested the presence of main and elongating fine (neo) L.V. structure. After the ligation of L.V., the enlargement of main L.V. was confirmed. In the case of light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) observation, such L.V. connections were also suggested by using transparent 3D samples. Finally, the generation of neo blood vessels particularly in the region adjacent to the silicone sheet and the operated boundary region was suggested in 3D reconstruction images. However, direct detection of elongating fine (neo) L.V. was not suitable for analysis by such LSFM and 3D reconstruction procedures. Thus, such methods utilizing fixed tissues are appropriate for general observation for the operated region including of L.V. Conclusions The current surgical procedures and analysis on the post-surgical status are the first case to observe vasculatures in vivo with a transparent sheet. Systematic analyses including the FITC-dextran mediated snap shot images observation suggest the elongation of fine (neo) lymphatic vasculature. Post-surgical analyses including LSFM and 3D histological structural reconstruction, are suitable to reveal the fixed structures of blood and lymphatic vessels formation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12575-021-00159-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kumegawa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Medical University of Wakayama, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Gen Yamada
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Medical University of Wakayama, Wakayama, Japan.
| | - Daiki Hashimoto
- Department of molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hirashima
- The Hakubi Center/Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mizuki Kajimoto
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Medical University of Wakayama, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Isono
- Laboratory Animal Center, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kota Fujimoto
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Medical University of Wakayama, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Suzuki
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Medical University of Wakayama, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Uemura
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Medical University of Wakayama, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Ema
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Diseases Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Medical University of Shiga, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shinichi Asamura
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Medical University of Wakayama, Wakayama, Japan
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10
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Desantis V, Solimando AG, Saltarella I, Sacco A, Giustini V, Bento M, Lamanuzzi A, Melaccio A, Frassanito MA, Paradiso A, Montagnani M, Vacca A, Roccaro AM. MicroRNAs as a Potential New Preventive Approach in the Transition from Asymptomatic to Symptomatic Multiple Myeloma Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153650. [PMID: 34359551 PMCID: PMC8344971 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common haematologic malignancy, and it remains an incurable disease despite the advances of novel therapies. It is characterised by a multistep process that arises from a pre-malignant asymptomatic status-defined monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), evolves to a middle stage named smouldering myeloma phase (SMM), and culminates in the active disease (MM). Identification of early and non-invasive markers of the disease progression is currently an active field of investigation. In this review, we discuss the role and significance of microRNAs (miRNAs) as potential diagnostic biomarkers to predict the clinical transition from MGUS/SMM status to MM. Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterised by proliferation of clonal plasma cells (PCs) within the bone marrow (BM). Myelomagenesis is a multi-step process which goes from an asymptomatic phase, defined as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), to a smouldering myeloma (SMM) stage, to a final active MM disease, characterised by hypercalcemia, renal failure, bone lesions anemia, and higher risk of infections. Overall, microRNAs (miRNAs) have shown to significantly impact on MM tumorigenesis, as a result of miRNA-dependent modulation of genes involved in pathways known to be crucial for MM pathogenesis and disease progression. We aim to revise the literature related to the role of miRNAs as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, thus highlighting their key role as novel players within the field of MM and related premalignant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Desantis
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (V.D.); (A.G.S.); (I.S.); (A.L.); (A.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Pharmacology Section, Medical School, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (V.D.); (A.G.S.); (I.S.); (A.L.); (A.M.)
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Saltarella
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (V.D.); (A.G.S.); (I.S.); (A.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonio Sacco
- Clinical Research Development and Phase I Unit, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.S.); (V.G.)
| | - Viviana Giustini
- Clinical Research Development and Phase I Unit, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.S.); (V.G.)
| | - Marta Bento
- Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Department of Hematology and Transplantation, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-035 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Aurelia Lamanuzzi
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (V.D.); (A.G.S.); (I.S.); (A.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Assunta Melaccio
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (V.D.); (A.G.S.); (I.S.); (A.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Maria Antonia Frassanito
- Unit of General Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Angelo Paradiso
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Monica Montagnani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Pharmacology Section, Medical School, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (V.D.); (A.G.S.); (I.S.); (A.L.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Aldo M. Roccaro
- Clinical Research Development and Phase I Unit, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.S.); (V.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (A.M.R.)
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11
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Lionetti M, Da Vià MC, Albano F, Neri A, Bolli N, Musto P. Genomics of Smoldering Multiple Myeloma: Time for Clinical Translation of Findings? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3319. [PMID: 34282760 PMCID: PMC8269396 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) is an asymptomatic disorder of clonal bone marrow (BM) plasma cells (PCs) in between the premalignant condition known as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and overt multiple myeloma (MM). It is characterized by a deep biological heterogeneity that is reflected in a markedly variable progression risk among patients. Recently proposed risk stratification models mainly rely on indirect markers of disease burden and are unable to identify cases in whom clonal PCs have already undergone the "malignant switch" but major clonal expansion has not occurred yet. In the last years, the application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques has led to profound advances in the understanding of the molecular bases of SMM progression, and in all likelihood, it will contribute to the needed improvement of SMM prognostication. In this Review, we describe the recent advances in characterizing the genomic landscape of SMM and intrinsic determinants of its progression, highlighting their implications in terms of understanding of tumor evolution and prognostication. We also review the main studies investigating the role of the microenvironment in this early disease stage. Finally, we mention the results of the first randomized clinical trials and discuss the potential clinical translability of the genomic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lionetti
- Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (M.C.D.V.); (A.N.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo C. Da Vià
- Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (M.C.D.V.); (A.N.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Albano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, “Aldo Moro” University School of Medicine, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Antonino Neri
- Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (M.C.D.V.); (A.N.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Niccolò Bolli
- Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (M.C.D.V.); (A.N.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, “Aldo Moro” University School of Medicine, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Unit of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, AOUC Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy
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12
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Solimando AG, Da Vià MC, Leone P, Borrelli P, Croci GA, Tabares P, Brandl A, Di Lernia G, Bianchi FP, Tafuri S, Steinbrunn T, Balduini A, Melaccio A, De Summa S, Argentiero A, Rauert-Wunderlich H, Frassanito MA, Ditonno P, Henke E, Klapper W, Ria R, Terragna C, Rasche L, Rosenwald A, Kortüm MK, Cavo M, Ribatti D, Racanelli V, Einsele H, Vacca A, Beilhack A. Halting the vicious cycle within the multiple myeloma ecosystem: blocking JAM-A on bone marrow endothelial cells restores angiogenic homeostasis and suppresses tumor progression. Haematologica 2021; 106:1943-1956. [PMID: 32354870 PMCID: PMC8252928 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.239913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions of malignant multiple myeloma (MM) plasma cells with the microenvironment control MM plasma-cell growth, survival, drug-resistance and dissemination. As microvascular density increases in the bone marrow in MM, we investigated whether bone marrow MM endothelial cells control disease progression via the junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A). Membrane and cytoplasmic JAM-A levels were upregulated in MM endothelial cells in 111 patients with newly diagnosed MM and in 201 with relapsed/refractory MM compared to the levels in patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and healthy controls. Elevated membrane expression of JAM-A on MM endothelial cells predicted poor clinical outcome. Mechanistically, addition of recombinant JAM-A to MM endothelial cells increased angiogenesis, whereas inhibition of this adhesion molecule impaired angiogenesis and MM growth in two-dimensional and three-dimensional in vitro cell cultures and chorioallantoic membrane assays. To corroborate these findings, we treated MM-bearing mice with a JAM-A-blocking monoclonal antibody and demonstrated impaired MM progression, corresponding to decreased MM-related vascularity. These findings support the concept that JAM-A is an important mediator of MM progression through facilitating MM-associated angiogenesis. Elevated JAM-A expression on bone marrow endothelial cells is an independent prognostic factor for the survival of both patients with newly diagnosed MM and those with relapsed/refractory MM. Blocking JAM-A restricts angiogenesis in vitro, in utero and in vivo and represents a suitable druggable molecule to halt neo-angiogenesis and MM progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio G Solimando
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; 2IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II of Bari, Italy; 3University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo C Da Vià
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrizia Leone
- University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Borrelli
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgio A Croci
- Department of Pathology, University of Kiel/University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan and Fondazione IRCCS, Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy
| | - Paula Tabares
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; 7Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Brandl
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; 7Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Francesco P Bianchi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvio Tafuri
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Torsten Steinbrunn
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alessandra Balduini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy 10Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | | | - Simona De Summa
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Erik Henke
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wolfram Klapper
- Department of Pathology, University of Kiel/University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Roberto Ria
- University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Leo Rasche
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Martin K Kortüm
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michele Cavo
- Institute of Hematology L. and A. Seràgnoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Racanelli
- University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Angelo Vacca
- University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Andreas Beilhack
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; 7Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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13
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Halting the FGF/FGFR axis leads to antitumor activity in Waldenström macroglobulinemia by silencing MYD88. Blood 2021; 137:2495-2508. [PMID: 33197938 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020008414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The human fibroblast growth factor/fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGF/FGFR) axis deregulation is largely involved in supporting the pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies, including Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). WM is still an incurable disease, and patients succumb because of disease progression. Therefore, novel therapeutics designed to specifically target deregulated signaling pathways in WM are required. We aimed to investigate the role of FGF/FGFR system blockade in WM by using a pan-FGF trap molecule (NSC12). Wide-transcriptome profiling confirmed inhibition of FGFR signaling in NSC12-treated WM cells; unveiling a significant inhibition of MYD88 was also confirmed at the protein level. Importantly, the NSC12-dependent silencing of MYD88 was functionally active, as it led to inhibition of MYD88-driven pathways, such as BTK and SYK, as well as the MYD88-downstream target HCK. Of note, both canonical and noncanonical NF-κB cascades were downregulated in WM cells upon NSC12 treatment. Functional sequelae exerted by NSC12 in WM cells were studied, demonstrating significant inhibition of WM cell growth, induction of WM cell apoptosis, halting MAPK, JAK/STAT3, and PI3K-Akt pathways. Importantly, NSC12 exerted an anti-WM effect even in the presence of bone marrow microenvironment, both in vitro and in vivo. Our studies provide the evidence for using NSC12 as a specific FGF/FGFR system inhibitor, thus representing a novel therapeutic strategy in WM.
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14
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Da Vià MC, Ziccheddu B, Maeda A, Bagnoli F, Perrone G, Bolli N. A Journey Through Myeloma Evolution: From the Normal Plasma Cell to Disease Complexity. Hemasphere 2020; 4:e502. [PMID: 33283171 PMCID: PMC7710229 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The knowledge of cancer origin and the subsequent tracking of disease evolution represent unmet needs that will soon be within clinical reach. This will provide the opportunity to improve patient's stratification and to personalize treatments based on cancer biology along its life history. In this review, we focus on the molecular pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM), a hematologic malignancy with a well-known multi-stage disease course, where such approach can sooner translate into a clinical benefit. We describe novel insights into modes and timing of disease initiation. We dissect the biology of the preclinical and pre-malignant phases, elucidating how knowledge of the genomics of the disease and the composition of the microenvironment allow stratification of patients based on risk of disease progression. Then, we explore cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic drivers of MM evolution to symptomatic disease. Finally, we discuss how this may relate to the development of refractory disease after treatment. By integrating an evolutionary view of myeloma biology with the recent acquisitions on its clonal heterogeneity, we envision a way to drive the clinical management of the disease based on its detailed biological features more than surrogates of disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo C. Da Vià
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Bachisio Ziccheddu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Akihiro Maeda
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Bagnoli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Perrone
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Niccolò Bolli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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15
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Solimando AG, Summa SD, Vacca A, Ribatti D. Cancer-Associated Angiogenesis: The Endothelial Cell as a Checkpoint for Immunological Patrolling. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113380. [PMID: 33203154 PMCID: PMC7696032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A clinical decision and study design investigating the level and extent of angiogenesis modulation aimed at vascular normalization without rendering tissues hypoxic is key and represents an unmet medical need. Specifically, determining the active concentration and optimal times of the administration of antiangiogenetic drugs is crucial to inhibit the growth of any microscopic residual tumor after surgical resection and in the pre-malignant and smolder neoplastic state. This review uncovers the pre-clinical translational insights crucial to overcome the caveats faced so far while employing anti-angiogenesis. This literature revision also explores how abnormalities in the tumor endothelium harm the crosstalk with an effective immune cell response, envisioning a novel combination with other anti-cancer drugs and immunomodulatory agents. These insights hold vast potential to both repress tumorigenesis and unleash an effective immune response. Abstract Cancer-associated neo vessels’ formation acts as a gatekeeper that orchestrates the entrance and egress of patrolling immune cells within the tumor milieu. This is achieved, in part, via the directed chemokines’ expression and cell adhesion molecules on the endothelial cell surface that attract and retain circulating leukocytes. The crosstalk between adaptive immune cells and the cancer endothelium is thus essential for tumor immune surveillance and the success of immune-based therapies that harness immune cells to kill tumor cells. This review will focus on the biology of the endothelium and will explore the vascular-specific molecular mediators that control the recruitment, retention, and trafficking of immune cells that are essential for effective antitumor immunity. The literature revision will also explore how abnormalities in the tumor endothelium impair crosstalk with adaptive immune cells and how targeting these abnormalities can improve the success of immune-based therapies for different malignancies, with a particular focus on the paradigmatic example represented by multiple myeloma. We also generated and provide two original bio-informatic analyses, in order to sketch the physiopathology underlying the endothelial–neoplastic interactions in an easier manner, feeding into a vicious cycle propagating disease progression and highlighting novel pathways that might be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine ‘G. Baccelli’, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.G.S.); (D.R.); Tel.: +39-3395626475 (A.G.S.); +39-080-5478326 (D.R.)
| | - Simona De Summa
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine ‘G. Baccelli’, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.G.S.); (D.R.); Tel.: +39-3395626475 (A.G.S.); +39-080-5478326 (D.R.)
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16
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Osteocyte Vegf-a contributes to myeloma-associated angiogenesis and is regulated by Fgf23. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17319. [PMID: 33057033 PMCID: PMC7560700 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74352-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Myeloma (MM) induces bone destruction, decreases bone formation, and increases marrow angiogenesis in patients. We reported that osteocytes (Ocys) directly interact with MM cells to increase tumor growth and expression of Ocy-derived factors that promote bone resorption and suppress bone formation. However, the contribution of Ocys to enhanced marrow vascularization in MM is unclear. Since the MM microenvironment is hypoxic, we assessed if hypoxia and/or interactions with MM cells increases pro-angiogenic signaling in Ocys. Hypoxia and/or co-culture with MM cells significantly increased Vegf-a expression in MLOA5-Ocys, and conditioned media (CM) from MLOA5s or MM-MLOA5 co-cultured in hypoxia, significantly increased endothelial tube length compared to normoxic CM. Further, Vegf-a knockdown in MLOA5s or primary Ocys co-cultured with MM cells or neutralizing Vegf-a in MM-Ocy co-culture CM completely blocked the increased endothelial activity. Importantly, Vegf-a-expressing Ocy numbers were significantly increased in MM-injected mouse bones, positively correlating with tumor vessel area. Finally, we demonstrate that direct contact with MM cells increases Ocy Fgf23, which enhanced Vegf-a expression in Ocys. Fgf23 deletion in Ocys blocked these changes. These results suggest hypoxia and MM cells induce a pro-angiogenic phenotype in Ocys via Fgf23 and Vegf-a signaling, which can promote MM-induced marrow vascularization.
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17
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Testa U, Pelosi E, Castelli G. Endothelial Progenitors in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1263:85-115. [PMID: 32588325 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-44518-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumor vascularization refers to the formation of new blood vessels within a tumor and is considered one of the hallmarks of cancer. Tumor vessels supply the tumor with oxygen and nutrients, required to sustain tumor growth and progression, and provide a gateway for tumor metastasis through the blood or lymphatic vasculature. Blood vessels display an angiocrine capacity of supporting the survival and proliferation of tumor cells through the production of growth factors and cytokines. Although tumor vasculature plays an essential role in sustaining tumor growth, it represents at the same time an essential way to deliver drugs and immune cells to the tumor. However, tumor vasculature exhibits many morphological and functional abnormalities, thus resulting in the formation of hypoxic areas within tumors, believed to represent a mechanism to maintain tumor cells in an invasive state.Tumors are vascularized through a variety of modalities, mainly represented by angiogenesis, where VEGF and other members of the VEGF family play a key role. This has represented the basis for the development of anti-VEGF blocking agents and their use in cancer therapy: however, these agents failed to induce significant therapeutic effects.Much less is known about the cellular origin of vessel network in tumors. Various cell types may contribute to tumor vasculature in different tumors or in the same tumor, such as mature endothelial cells, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), or the same tumor cells through a process of transdifferentiation. Early studies have suggested a role for bone marrow-derived EPCs; these cells do not are true EPCs but myeloid progenitors differentiating into monocytic cells, exerting a proangiogenic effect through a paracrine mechanism. More recent studies have shown the existence of tissue-resident endothelial vascular progenitors (EVPs) present at the level of vessel endothelium and their possible involvement as cells of origin of tumor vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Testa
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Germana Castelli
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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18
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A Comprehensive Biological and Clinical Perspective Can Drive a Patient-Tailored Approach to Multiple Myeloma: Bridging the Gaps between the Plasma Cell and the Neoplastic Niche. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:6820241. [PMID: 32508920 PMCID: PMC7251466 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6820241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a broad spectrum of diseases labeled as multiple myeloma (MM). This is due not only to the composite prognostic risk factors leading to different clinical outcomes and responses to treatments but also to the composite tumor microenvironment that is involved in a vicious cycle with the MM plasma cells. New therapeutic strategies have improved MM patients' chances of survival. Nevertheless, certain patients' subgroups have a particularly unfavorable prognosis. Biological stratification can be subdivided into patient, disease, or therapy-related factors. Alternatively, the biological signature of aggressive disease and dismal therapeutic response can promote a dynamic, comprehensive strategic approach, better tailoring the clinical management of high-risk profiles and refractoriness to therapy and taking into account the role played by the MM milieu. By means of an extensive literature search, we have reviewed the state-of-the-art pathophysiological insights obtained from translational investigations of the MM-bone marrow microenvironment. A good knowledge of the MM niche pathophysiological dissection is crucial to tailor personalized approaches in a bench-bedside fashion. The discussion in this review pinpoints two main aspects that appear fundamental in order to gain novel and definitive results from the biology of MM. A systematic knowledge of the plasma cell disorder, along with greater efforts to face the unmet needs present in MM evolution, promises to open a new therapeutic window looking out onto the plethora of scientific evidence about the myeloma and the bystander cells.
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19
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Gadomski S, Singh SK, Singh S, Sarkar T, Klarmann KD, Berenschot M, Seaman S, Jakubison B, Gudmundsson KO, Lockett S, Keller JR. Id1 and Id3 Maintain Steady-State Hematopoiesis by Promoting Sinusoidal Endothelial Cell Survival and Regeneration. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107572. [PMID: 32348770 PMCID: PMC8459380 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigating mechanisms that regulate endothelial cell (EC) growth and survival is important for understanding EC homeostasis and how ECs maintain stem cell niches. We report here that targeted loss of Id genes in adult ECs results in dilated, leaky sinusoids and a pro-inflammatory state that increases in severity over time. Disruption in sinusoidal integrity leads to increased hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) proliferation, differentiation, migration, and exhaustion. Mechanistically, sinusoidal ECs (SECs) show increased apoptosis because of reduced Bcl2-family gene expression following Id gene ablation. Furthermore, Id1-/-Id3-/- SECs and upstream type H vessels show increased expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27 and impaired ability to proliferate, which is rescued by reducing E2-2 expression. Id1-/-Id3-/- mice do not survive sublethal irradiation because of impaired vessel regeneration and hematopoietic failure. Thus, Id genes are required for the survival and regeneration of BM SECs during homeostasis and stress to maintain HSC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Gadomski
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Satyendra K Singh
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Shweta Singh
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Tanmoy Sarkar
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kimberly D Klarmann
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Maximillian Berenschot
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Steven Seaman
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Brad Jakubison
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kristbjorn O Gudmundsson
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Stephen Lockett
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jonathan R Keller
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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20
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Marino S, Petrusca DN, Roodman GD. Therapeutic targets in myeloma bone disease. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:1907-1922. [PMID: 31647573 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common haematological malignancy and is characterized by a clonal proliferation of neoplastic plasma cells within the bone marrow. MM is the most frequent cancer involving the skeleton, causing osteolytic lesions, bone pain and pathological fractures that dramatically decrease MM patients' quality of life and survival. MM bone disease (MBD) results from uncoupling of bone remodelling in which excessive bone resorption is not compensated by new bone formation, due to a persistent suppression of osteoblast activity. Current management of MBD includes antiresorptive agents, bisphosphonates and denosumab, that are only partially effective due to their inability to repair the existing lesions. Thus, research into agents that prevent bone destruction and more importantly repair existing lesions by inducing new bone formation is essential. This review discusses the mechanisms regulating the uncoupled bone remodelling in MM and summarizes current advances in the treatment of MBD. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on The molecular pharmacology of bone and cancer-related bone diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.9/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Marino
- Department of Medicine, Division Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Daniela N Petrusca
- Department of Medicine, Division Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - G David Roodman
- Department of Medicine, Division Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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21
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High-Risk Multiple Myeloma: Integrated Clinical and Omics Approach Dissects the Neoplastic Clone and the Tumor Microenvironment. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8070997. [PMID: 31323969 PMCID: PMC6678140 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8070997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a genetically heterogeneous disease that includes a subgroup of 10–15% of patients facing dismal survival despite the most intensive treatment. Despite improvements in biological knowledge, MM is still an incurable neoplasia, and therapeutic options able to overcome the relapsing/refractory behavior represent an unmet clinical need. The aim of this review is to provide an integrated clinical and biological overview of high-risk MM, discussing novel therapeutic perspectives, targeting the neoplastic clone and its microenvironment. The dissection of the molecular determinants of the aggressive phenotypes and drug-resistance can foster a better tailored clinical management of the high-risk profile and therapy-refractoriness. Among the current clinical difficulties in MM, patients’ management by manipulating the tumor niche represents a major challenge. The angiogenesis and the stromal infiltrate constitute pivotal mechanisms of a mutual collaboration between MM and the non-tumoral counterpart. Immuno-modulatory and anti-angiogenic therapy hold great efficacy, but variable and unpredictable responses in high-risk MM. The comprehensive understanding of the genetic heterogeneity and MM high-risk ecosystem enforce a systematic bench-to-bedside approach. Here, we provide a broad outlook of novel druggable targets. We also summarize the existing multi-omics-based risk profiling tools, in order to better select candidates for dual immune/vasculogenesis targeting.
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22
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Cui YS, Song YP, Fang BJ. The role of long non-coding RNAs in multiple myeloma. Eur J Haematol 2019; 103:3-9. [PMID: 30985973 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is still an incurable disease, and its pathogenesis involves cytogenetics and epigenetics. In recent years, the roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in MM have been deeply studied by scholars. LncRNAs are defined as a class of non-protein-coding transcripts greater than 200 nucleotides in length, which are involved in a large spectrum of biological processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, invasion, and chromatin remodeling. However, little is known about the specific mechanisms of these lncRNAs. They can act as oncogenic and/or tumor-suppressive factors in the development and progression of MM. But that how do they work remains unclear. In this review, the recent progress in the study of functional lncRNAs associated with MM was summarized and the present knowledge about their expression and roles was discussed, to provide guidance for the in-depth functional study of lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shan Cui
- Department of Hematology, Henan Institute of Haematology, Henan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong-Ping Song
- Department of Hematology, Henan Institute of Haematology, Henan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bai-Jun Fang
- Department of Hematology, Henan Institute of Haematology, Henan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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23
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Laubach JP, Liu CJ, Raje NS, Yee AJ, Armand P, Schlossman RL, Rosenblatt J, Hedlund J, Martin M, Reynolds C, Shain KH, Zackon I, Stampleman L, Henrick P, Rivotto B, Hornburg KTV, Dumke HJ, Chuma S, Savell A, Handisides DR, Kroll S, Anderson KC, Richardson PG, Ghobrial IM. A Phase I/II Study of Evofosfamide, A Hypoxia-activated Prodrug with or without Bortezomib in Subjects with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:478-486. [PMID: 30279233 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The presence of hypoxia in the diseased bone marrow presents a new therapeutic target for multiple myeloma. Evofosfamide (formerly TH-302) is a 2-nitroimidazole prodrug of the DNA alkylator, bromo-isophosphoramide mustard, which is selectively activated under hypoxia. This trial was designed as a phase I/II study investigating evofosfamide in combination with dexamethasone, and in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty-nine patients initiated therapy, 31 received the combination of evofosfamide and dexamethasone, and 28 received the combination of evofosfamide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone. Patients were heavily pretreated with a median number of prior therapies of 7 (range: 2-15). All had previously received bortezomib and immunomodulators. The MTD, treatment toxicity, and efficacy were determined. RESULTS The MTD was established at 340 mg/m2 evofosfamide + dexamethasone with dose-limiting mucositis at higher doses. For the combination of evofosfamide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone, no patient had a dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) and the recommended phase II dose was established at 340 mg/m2. The most common ≥grade 3 adverse events (AE) were thrombocytopenia (25 patients), anemia (24 patients), neutropenia (15 patients), and leukopenia (9 patients). Skin toxicity was reported in 42 (71%) patients. Responses included 1 very good partial response (VGPR), 3 partial response (PR), 2 minor response (MR), 20 stable disease (SD), and 4 progressive disease (PD) for evofosfamide + dexamethasone and 1 complete response (CR), 2 PR, 1 MR, 18 SD, and 5 PD for evofosfamide + bortezomib + dexamethasone. Disease stabilization was observed in over 80% and this was reflective of the prolonged overall survival of 11.2 months. CONCLUSIONS Evofosfamide can be administered at 340 mg/m2 twice a week with or without bortezomib. Clinical activity has been noted in patients with heavily pretreated relapsed refractory multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P Laubach
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Blood Cancer Research Partnership (BCRP), Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chia-Jen Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Noopur S Raje
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew J Yee
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Philippe Armand
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Blood Cancer Research Partnership (BCRP), Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert L Schlossman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Blood Cancer Research Partnership (BCRP), Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jacalyn Rosenblatt
- Blood Cancer Research Partnership (BCRP), Boston, Massachusetts.,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jacquelyn Hedlund
- Blood Cancer Research Partnership (BCRP), Boston, Massachusetts.,Maine Center For Cancer Medicine, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Michael Martin
- Blood Cancer Research Partnership (BCRP), Boston, Massachusetts.,The West Clinic, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Craig Reynolds
- Blood Cancer Research Partnership (BCRP), Boston, Massachusetts.,Ocala Oncology Center, Ocala, Florida
| | | | - Ira Zackon
- Blood Cancer Research Partnership (BCRP), Boston, Massachusetts.,New York Oncology Hematology, Albany, New York
| | - Laura Stampleman
- Blood Cancer Research Partnership (BCRP), Boston, Massachusetts.,Pacific Cancer Care, Salinas, California
| | - Patrick Henrick
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Blood Cancer Research Partnership (BCRP), Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bradley Rivotto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kalvis T V Hornburg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Henry J Dumke
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stacey Chuma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Blood Cancer Research Partnership (BCRP), Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexandra Savell
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Blood Cancer Research Partnership (BCRP), Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Stew Kroll
- Threshold Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | - Kenneth C Anderson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Blood Cancer Research Partnership (BCRP), Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul G Richardson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Blood Cancer Research Partnership (BCRP), Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Irene M Ghobrial
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Blood Cancer Research Partnership (BCRP), Boston, Massachusetts
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24
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Jamshidi-Parsian A, Griffin RJ, Kore RA, Todorova VK, Makhoul I. Tumor-endothelial cell interaction in an experimental model of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Exp Cell Res 2018; 372:16-24. [PMID: 30205087 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a densely vascularized tumor that is highly dependent on angiogenic pathways to direct arterial blood flow to the growing neoplasm, though little is known about how the interaction of tumor and endothelial cells drives these processes and the degree of clinical importance. To this end, we examined the intercellular cross-talk between HepG2 (human HCC) and human endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) in a co-culture system that mimics some aspects of initial tumor parenchyma and stroma interactions. The results showed that the remote cell-to-cell (paracrine) interactions between HepG2 cells and EPC play a critical role in the differentiation and angiogenic activity of endothelial cells, possibly through intercellular signaling function of the exosomes released in the medium by HepG2 cells. The tumor-cell activated phenotype of EPC was associated with increased migration and elevated expression of ephrin-B2, and Delta-like 4 ligand (DLL4). Furthermore, ephrin-B2 was found to be overexpressed in HCC and cholangiocarcinoma tissue samples taken from humans. Overall, our results demonstrate that ephrin-B2 and Dll4 mediated co-dependence of HCC and EPC intercellular crosstalk in the initial stages of HCC establishment and development, a promising target for new clinical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azemat Jamshidi-Parsian
- The Radiation Oncology Department, Radiation Biology, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Robert J Griffin
- The Radiation Oncology Department, Radiation Biology, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Rajshekhar A Kore
- The Radiation Oncology Department, Radiation Biology, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Valentina K Todorova
- The Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Issam Makhoul
- The Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States.
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25
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Ribatti D, Vacca A. New Insights in Anti-Angiogenesis in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072031. [PMID: 30002349 PMCID: PMC6073492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a constant hallmark of multiple myeloma (MM) progression and involves direct production of angiogenic cytokines by plasma cells and their induction within the bone marrow microenvironment. This article summarizes the more recent literature data concerning the employment of anti-angiogenic therapeutic agents actually used in preclinical models and clinical settings for the treatment of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari 70124, Italy.
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari 70124, Italy.
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26
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Kawano Y, Zavidij O, Park J, Moschetta M, Kokubun K, Mouhieddine TH, Manier S, Mishima Y, Murakami N, Bustoros M, Pistofidis RS, Reidy M, Shen YJ, Rahmat M, Lukyanchykov P, Karreci ES, Tsukamoto S, Shi J, Takagi S, Huynh D, Sacco A, Tai YT, Chesi M, Bergsagel PL, Roccaro AM, Azzi J, Ghobrial IM. Blocking IFNAR1 inhibits multiple myeloma-driven Treg expansion and immunosuppression. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:2487-2499. [PMID: 29558366 DOI: 10.1172/jci88169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), most patients succumb to disease progression. One of the major immunosuppressive mechanisms that is believed to play a role in myeloma progression is the expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs). In this study, we demonstrate that myeloma cells drive Treg expansion and activation by secreting type 1 interferon (IFN). Blocking IFN α and β receptor 1 (IFNAR1) on Tregs significantly decreases both myeloma-associated Treg immunosuppressive function and myeloma progression. Using syngeneic transplantable murine myeloma models and bone marrow (BM) aspirates of MM patients, we found that Tregs were expanded and activated in the BM microenvironment at early stages of myeloma development. Selective depletion of Tregs led to a complete remission and prolonged survival in mice injected with myeloma cells. Further analysis of the interaction between myeloma cells and Tregs using gene sequencing and enrichment analysis uncovered a feedback loop, wherein myeloma-cell-secreted type 1 IFN induced proliferation and expansion of Tregs. By using IFNAR1-blocking antibody treatment and IFNAR1-knockout Tregs, we demonstrated a significant decrease in myeloma-associated Treg proliferation, which was associated with longer survival of myeloma-injected mice. Our results thus suggest that blocking type 1 IFN signaling represents a potential strategy to target immunosuppressive Treg function in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawara Kawano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Hematology, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Oksana Zavidij
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jihye Park
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michele Moschetta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katsutoshi Kokubun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tarek H Mouhieddine
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Salomon Manier
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuji Mishima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Naoka Murakami
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and
| | - Mark Bustoros
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Mairead Reidy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yu J Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mahshid Rahmat
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pavlo Lukyanchykov
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and
| | - Esilida Sula Karreci
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and
| | - Shokichi Tsukamoto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jiantao Shi
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Satoshi Takagi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daisy Huynh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Antonio Sacco
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Clinical Research Development and Phase I Unit, CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Yu-Tzu Tai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marta Chesi
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - P Leif Bergsagel
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Aldo M Roccaro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Clinical Research Development and Phase I Unit, CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Jamil Azzi
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and
| | - Irene M Ghobrial
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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27
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van Nieuwenhuijzen N, Spaan I, Raymakers R, Peperzak V. From MGUS to Multiple Myeloma, a Paradigm for Clonal Evolution of Premalignant Cells. Cancer Res 2018; 78:2449-2456. [PMID: 29703720 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a treatable, but incurable, malignancy of plasma cells (PC) in the bone marrow (BM). It represents the final stage in a continuum of PC dyscrasias and is consistently preceded by a premalignant phase termed monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). The existence of this well-defined premalignant phase provides the opportunity to study clonal evolution of a premalignant condition into overt cancer. Unraveling the mechanisms of malignant transformation of PC could enable early identification of MGUS patients at high risk of progression and may point to novel therapeutic targets, thereby possibly delaying or preventing malignant transformation. The MGUS-to-MM progression requires multiple genomic events and the establishment of a permissive BM microenvironment, although it is generally not clear if the various microenvironmental events are causes or consequences of disease progression. Advances in gene-sequencing techniques and the use of serial paired analyses have allowed for a more specific identification of driver lesions. The challenge in cancer biology is to identify and target those lesions that confer selective advantage and thereby drive evolution of a premalignant clone. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of malignant transformation of MGUS to MM. Cancer Res; 78(10); 2449-56. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels van Nieuwenhuijzen
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Hematology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Spaan
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Reinier Raymakers
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Victor Peperzak
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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28
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Ghobrial IM, Detappe A, Anderson KC, Steensma DP. The bone-marrow niche in MDS and MGUS: implications for AML and MM. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2018; 15:219-233. [PMID: 29311715 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2017.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Several haematological malignancies, including multiple myeloma (MM) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), have well-defined precursor states that precede the development of overt cancer. MM is almost always preceded by monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), and at least a quarter of all patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) have disease that evolves into AML. In turn, MDS are frequently anteceded by clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP). The acquisition of additional genetic and epigenetic alterations over time clearly influences the increasingly unstable and aggressive behaviour of neoplastic haematopoietic clones; however, perturbations in the bone-marrow microenvironment are increasingly recognized to have key roles in initiating and supporting oncogenesis. In this Review, we focus on the concept that the haematopoietic neoplasia-microenvironment relationship is an intimate rapport between two partners, provide an overview of the evidence supporting a role for the bone-marrow niche in promoting neoplasia, and discuss the potential for niche-specific therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene M Ghobrial
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Alexandre Detappe
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Kenneth C Anderson
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - David P Steensma
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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29
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Falank C, Fairfield H, Reagan MR. Reflections on Cancer in the Bone Marrow: Adverse Roles of Adipocytes. CURRENT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 3:254-262. [PMID: 29399440 PMCID: PMC5791905 DOI: 10.1007/s40610-017-0074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights the recent advances in our understanding of adipocyte contributions to carcinogenesis or cancer disease progression for cancers in the bone. PURPOSE In this review, we aim to describe bone marrow adipose tissue and discuss the soluble adipocyte-derived cytokines (adipokines) or endocrine factors, adipocyte-derived lipids, and the actual or putative juxtacrine signaling between bone marrow adipocytes and tumor cells in the bone marrow. This relationship likely affects tumor cell initiation, proliferation, metastasis, and/or drug resistance. RECENT FINDINGS Bone marrow adipose may affect tumor proliferation, drug resistance, or cancer-induced bone disease and hence may be a new target in the fight against cancer. SUMMARY Overall, evidence is mixed regarding the role of bone marrow adipose and adipocytes in cancer progression, and more research in this arena is necessary to determine how these bone marrow microenvironmental cells contribute to malignancies in the marrow to identify novel, potentially targetable pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyne Falank
- Maine Medical Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
- University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heather Fairfield
- Maine Medical Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
- University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michaela R. Reagan
- Maine Medical Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
- University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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30
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Moschetta M, Kawano Y, Sacco A, Belotti A, Ribolla R, Chiarini M, Giustini V, Bertoli D, Sottini A, Valotti M, Ghidini C, Serana F, Malagola M, Imberti L, Russo D, Montanelli A, Rossi G, Reagan MR, Maiso P, Paiva B, Ghobrial IM, Roccaro AM. Bone Marrow Stroma and Vascular Contributions to Myeloma Bone Homing. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2017; 15:499-506. [PMID: 28889371 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-017-0399-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Herein we dissect mechanisms behind the dissemination of cancer cells from primary tumor site to the bone marrow, which are necessary for metastasis development, with a specific focus on multiple myeloma. RECENT FINDINGS The ability of tumor cells to invade vessels and reach the systemic circulation is a fundamental process for metastasis development; however, the interaction between clonal cells and the surrounding microenvironment is equally important for supporting colonization, survival, and growth in the secondary sites of dissemination. The intrinsic propensity of tumor cells to recognize a favorable milieu where to establish secondary growth is the basis of the "seed and soil" theory. This theory assumes that certain tumor cells (the "seeds") have a specific affinity for the milieu of certain organs (the "soil"). Recent literature has highlighted the important contributions of the vascular niche to the hospitable "soil" within the bone marrow. In this review, we discuss the crucial role of stromal cells and endothelial cells in supporting primary growth, homing, and metastasis to the bone marrow, in the context of multiple myeloma, a plasma cell malignancy with the unique propensity to primarily grow and metastasize to the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yawara Kawano
- Department of Hematology, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Antonio Sacco
- Clinical Research Development and Phase I Unit, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili, n.1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Angelo Belotti
- Department of Hematology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rossella Ribolla
- Department of Hematology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Chiarini
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Viviana Giustini
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Diego Bertoli
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sottini
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Monica Valotti
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudia Ghidini
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Federico Serana
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michele Malagola
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luisa Imberti
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Domenico Russo
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Montanelli
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rossi
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Hematology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michaela R Reagan
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, University of Maine, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Patricia Maiso
- Clinical and Translational Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Bruno Paiva
- Clinical and Translational Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Irene M Ghobrial
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aldo M Roccaro
- Clinical Research Development and Phase I Unit, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili, n.1, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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Endothelial progenitor cells in multiple myeloma neovascularization: a brick to the wall. Angiogenesis 2017; 20:443-462. [PMID: 28840415 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-017-9571-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the clonal expansion of plasma cells in the bone marrow that leads to events such as bone destruction, anaemia and renal failure. Despite the several therapeutic options available, there is still no effective cure, and the standard survival is up to 4 years. The evolution from the asymptomatic stage of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to MM and the progression of the disease itself are related to cellular and molecular alterations in the bone marrow microenvironment, including the development of the vasculature. Post-natal vasculogenesis is characterized by the recruitment to the tumour vasculature of bone marrow progenitors, known as endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which incorporate newly forming blood vessels and differentiate into endothelial cells. Several processes related to EPCs, such as recruitment, mobilization, adhesion and differentiation, are tightly controlled by cells and molecules in the bone marrow microenvironment. In this review, the bone marrow microenvironment and the mechanisms associated to the development of the neovasculature promoted by EPCs are discussed in detail in both a non-pathological scenario and in MM. The latest developments in therapy targeting the vasculature and EPCs in MM are also highlighted. The identification and characterization of the pathways relevant to the complex setting of MM are of utter importance to identify not only biomarkers for an early diagnosis and disease progression monitoring, but also to reveal intervention targets for more effective therapy directed to cancer cells and the endothelial mediators relevant to neovasculature development.
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Hansmann L, Han A, Penter L, Liedtke M, Davis MM. Clonal Expansion and Interrelatedness of Distinct B-Lineage Compartments in Multiple Myeloma Bone Marrow. Cancer Immunol Res 2017; 5:744-754. [PMID: 28768640 PMCID: PMC5590392 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is characterized by the clonal expansion of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. But the phenotypic diversity and the contribution of less predominant B-lineage clones to the biology of this disease have been controversial. Here, we asked whether cells bearing the dominant multiple myeloma immunoglobulin rearrangement occupy phenotypic compartments other than that of plasma cells. To accomplish this, we combined 13-parameter FACS index sorting and t-Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) visualization with high-throughput single-cell immunoglobulin sequencing to track selected B-lineage clones across different stages of human B-cell development. As expected, the predominant clones preferentially mapped to aberrant plasma cell compartments, albeit phenotypically altered from wild type. Interestingly, up to 1.2% of cells of the predominant clones colocalized with B-lineage cells of a normal phenotype. In addition, minor clones with distinct immunoglobulin sequences were detected in up to 9% of sequenced cells, but only 2 out of 12 of these clones showed aberrant immune phenotypes. The majority of these minor clones showed intraclonal silent nucleotide differences within the CDR3s and varying frequencies of somatic mutations in the immunoglobulin genes. Therefore, the phenotypic range of multiple myeloma cells in the bone marrow is not confined to aberrant-phenotype plasma cells but extends to low frequencies of normal-phenotype B cells, in line with the recently reported success of B cell-targeting cellular therapies in some patients. The majority of minor clones result from parallel nonmalignant expansion. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(9); 744-54. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Hansmann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California. .,Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arnold Han
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Livius Penter
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michaela Liedtke
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Mark M Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California. .,Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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McDonald MM, Fairfield H, Falank C, Reagan MR. Adipose, Bone, and Myeloma: Contributions from the Microenvironment. Calcif Tissue Int 2017; 100:433-448. [PMID: 27343063 PMCID: PMC5396178 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0162-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Researchers globally are working towards finding a cure for multiple myeloma (MM), a destructive blood cancer diagnosed yearly in ~750,000 people worldwide (Podar et al. in Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 14:99-127, 2009). Although MM targets multiple organ systems, it is the devastating skeletal destruction experienced by over 90 % of patients that often most severely impacts patient morbidity, pain, and quality of life. Preventing bone disease is therefore a priority in MM treatment, and understanding how and why myeloma cells target the bone marrow (BM) is fundamental to this process. This review focuses on a key area of MM research: the contributions of the bone microenvironment to disease origins, progression, and drug resistance. We describe some of the key cell types in the BM niche: osteoclasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes, adipocytes, and mesenchymal stem cells. We then focus on how these key cellular players are, or could be, regulating a range of disease-related processes spanning MM growth, drug resistance, and bone disease (including osteolysis, fracture, and hypercalcemia). We summarize the literature regarding MM-bone cell and MM-adipocyte relationships and subsequent phenotypic changes or adaptations in MM cells, with the aim of providing a deeper understanding of how myeloma cells grow in the skeleton to cause bone destruction. We identify avenues and therapies that intervene in these networks to stop tumor growth and/or induce bone regeneration. Overall, we aim to illustrate how novel therapeutic target molecules, proteins, and cellular mediators may offer new avenues to attack this disease while reviewing currently utilized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M McDonald
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| | - Heather Fairfield
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA
| | - Carolyne Falank
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA
| | - Michaela R Reagan
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA.
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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MGUS to myeloma: a mysterious gammopathy of underexplored significance. Blood 2016; 128:2599-2606. [PMID: 27737890 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-09-692954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
All cases of multiple myeloma (MM) are preceded by precursor states termed monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or smoldering myeloma (SMM). Genetic analyses of MGUS cells have provided evidence that it is a genetically advanced lesion, wherein tumor cells carry many of the genetic changes found in MM cells. Intraclonal heterogeneity is also established early during the MGUS phase. Although the genetic features of MGUS or SMM cells at baseline may predict disease risk, transition to MM involves altered growth of preexisting clones. Recent advances in mouse modeling of MGUS suggest that the clinical dormancy of the clone may be regulated in part by growth controls extrinsic to the tumor cells. Interactions of MGUS cells with immune cells, bone cells, and others in the bone marrow niche may be key regulators of malignant transformation. These interactions involve a bidirectional crosstalk leading to both growth-supporting and inhibitory signals. Because MGUS is already a genetically complex lesion, application of new tools for earlier detection should allow delineation of earlier stages, which we term as pre-MGUS Analyses of populations at increased risk of MGUS also suggest the possible existence of a polyclonal phase preceding the development of MGUS. Monoclonal gammopathy in several patients may have potential clinical significance in spite of low risk of malignancy. Understanding the entire spectrum of these disorders may have broader implications beyond prevention of clinical malignancy.
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Testa U, Saulle E, Castelli G, Pelosi E. Endothelial progenitor cells in hematologic malignancies. Stem Cell Investig 2016; 3:26. [PMID: 27583252 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2016.06.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Studies carried out in the last years have improved the understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling angiogenesis during adult life in normal and pathological conditions. Some of these studies have led to the identification of some progenitor cells that sustain angiogenesis through indirect, paracrine mechanisms (hematopoietic angiogenic cells) and through direct mechanisms, i.e., through their capacity to generate a progeny of phenotypically and functionally competent endothelial cells [endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs)]. The contribution of these progenitors to angiogenetic processes under physiological and pathological conditions is intensively investigated. Angiogenetic mechanisms are stimulated in various hematological malignancies, including chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndromes and multiple myeloma, resulting in an increased angiogenesis that contributes to disease progression. In some of these conditions there is preliminary evidence that some endothelial cells could derive from the malignant clone, thus leading to the speculation that the leukemic cell derives from the malignant transformation of a hemangioblastic progenitor, i.e., of a cell capable of differentiation to the hematopoietic and to the endothelial cell lineages. Our understanding of the mechanisms underlying increased angiogenesis in these malignancies not only contributed to a better knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for tumor progression, but also offered the way for the discovery of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Testa
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Ernestina Saulle
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Germana Castelli
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Bullwinkle EM, Parker MD, Bonan NF, Falkenberg LG, Davison SP, DeCicco-Skinner KL. Adipocytes contribute to the growth and progression of multiple myeloma: Unraveling obesity related differences in adipocyte signaling. Cancer Lett 2016; 380:114-21. [PMID: 27317873 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity over the last several decades in the United States has tripled among children and doubled among adults. Obesity increases the incidence and progression of multiple myeloma (MM), yet the molecular mechanisms by which adipocytes contribute to cancer development and patient prognosis have yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we obtained human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) from twenty-nine normal (BMI = 20-25 kg/m(2)), overweight (25-30 kg/m(2)), obese (30-35 kg/m(2)), or super obese (35-40 kg/m(2)) patients undergoing elective liposuction. Upon differentiation, adipocytes were co-cultured with RPMI-8226 and NCI-H929 MM cell lines. Adipocytes from overweight, obese and super obese patients displayed increased PPAR-gamma, cytochrome C, interleukin-6, and leptin protein levels, and decreased fatty acid synthase protein. 8226 MM cells proliferated faster and displayed increased pSTAT-3/STAT-3 signaling when cultured in adipocyte conditioned media. Further, adipocyte conditioned media from obese and super obese patients significantly increased MM cell adhesion, and conditioned media from overweight, obese and super obese patients enhanced tube formation and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2. In summary, our data suggest that adipocytes in the MM microenvironment contribute to MM growth and progression and should be further evaluated as a possible therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa D Parker
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Nicole F Bonan
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
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Falank C, Fairfield H, Reagan MR. Signaling Interplay between Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue and Multiple Myeloma cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:67. [PMID: 27379019 PMCID: PMC4911365 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the year 2000, Hanahan and Weinberg (1) defined the six Hallmarks of Cancer as: self-sufficiency in growth signals, evasion of apoptosis, insensitivity to antigrowth mechanisms, tissue invasion and metastasis, limitless replicative potential, and sustained angiogenesis. Eleven years later, two new Hallmarks were added to the list (avoiding immune destruction and reprograming energy metabolism) and two new tumor characteristics (tumor-promoting inflammation and genome instability and mutation) (2). In multiple myeloma (MM), a destructive cancer of the plasma cell that grows predominantly in the bone marrow (BM), it is clear that all these hallmarks and characteristics are in play, contributing to tumor initiation, drug resistance, disease progression, and relapse. Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) is a newly recognized contributor to MM oncogenesis and disease progression, potentially affecting MM cell metabolism, immune action, inflammation, and influences on angiogenesis. In this review, we discuss the confirmed and hypothetical contributions of BMAT to MM development and disease progression. BMAT has been understudied due to technical challenges and a previous lack of appreciation for the endocrine function of this tissue. In this review, we define the dynamic, responsive, metabolically active BM adipocyte. We then describe how BMAT influences MM in terms of: lipids/metabolism, hypoxia/angiogenesis, paracrine or endocrine signaling, and bone disease. We then discuss the connection between BMAT and systemic inflammation and potential treatments to inhibit the feedback loops between BM adipocytes and MM cells that support MM progression. We aim for researchers to use this review to guide and help prioritize their experiments to develop better treatments or a cure for cancers, such as MM, that associate with and may depend on BMAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyne Falank
- Reagan Laboratory, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Heather Fairfield
- Reagan Laboratory, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Michaela R. Reagan
- Reagan Laboratory, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- *Correspondence: Michaela R. Reagan,
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