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Zou C, Zan X, Jia Z, Zheng L, Gu Y, Liu F, Han Y, Xu C, Wu A, Zhi Q. Crosstalk between alternative splicing and inflammatory bowel disease: Basic mechanisms, biotechnological progresses and future perspectives. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1479. [PMID: 37983927 PMCID: PMC10659771 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternative splicing (AS) is an omnipresent regulatory mechanism of gene expression that enables the generation of diverse splice isoforms from a single gene. Recently, AS events have gained considerable momentum in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS Our review has summarized the complex process of RNA splicing, and firstly highlighted the potential involved molecules that target aberrant splicing events in IBD. The quantitative transcriptome analyses such as microarrays, next-generation sequencing (NGS) for AS events in IBD have been also discussed. RESULTS Available evidence suggests that some abnormal splicing RNAs can lead to multiple intestinal disorders during the onset of IBD as well as the progression to colitis-associated cancer (CAC), including gut microbiota perturbations, intestinal barrier dysfunctions, innate/adaptive immune dysregulations, pro-fibrosis activation and some other risk factors. Moreover, current data show that the advanced technologies, including microarrays and NGS, have been pioneeringly employed to screen the AS candidates and elucidate the potential regulatory mechanisms of IBD. Besides, other biotechnological progresses such as the applications of third-generation sequencing (TGS), single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics (ST), will be desired with great expectations. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, the current review is the first one to evaluate the potential regulatory mechanisms of AS events in IBD. The expanding list of aberrantly spliced genes in IBD along with the developed technologies provide us new clues to how IBD develops, and how these important AS events can be explored for future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chentao Zou
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Xinquan Zan
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Zhenyu Jia
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Lu Zheng
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yijie Gu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Ye Han
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Chunfang Xu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Airong Wu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Qiaoming Zhi
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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Kojima H, Kadono K, Hirao H, Dery KJ, Torgerson T, Yao S, Kaldas FM, Farmer DG, Blumberg RS, Kupiec-Weglinski JW. T Cell CEACAM1-TIM-3 Crosstalk Alleviates Liver Transplant Injury in Mice and Humans. Gastroenterology 2023; 165:1233-1248.e9. [PMID: 37479191 PMCID: PMC10592295 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CC1) acts through homophilic and heterophilic interactions with T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3), which regulates innate immune activation in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). We investigated whether cluster of differentiation (CD) 4+ T cell-dependent CC1-TIM-3 crosstalk may affect OLT outcomes in mice and humans. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and CC1-deficient (CC1 knock-out [KO]) mouse livers were transplanted into WT, CC1KO, or T-cell TIM-3 transgenic (TIM-3Tg)/CC1KO double-mutant recipients. CD4+ T cells were adoptively transferred into T/B cell-deficient recombination activating gene 2 protein (Rag2) KO recipients, followed by OLT. The perioperative liver-associated CC1 increase was analyzed in 50 OLT patients. RESULTS OLT injury in WT livers deteriorated in CC1KO compared with CC1-proficient (WT) recipients. The frequency of TIM-3+CD4+ T cells was higher in WT than CC1KO hosts. Reconstitution of Rag2KO mice with CC1KO-T cells increased nuclear factor (NF)-κB phosphorylation and OLT damage compared with recipients repopulated with WT T cells. T-cell TIM-3 enhancement in CC1KO recipients (WT → TIM3Tg/CC1KO) suppressed NF-κB phosphorylation in Kupffer cells and mitigated OLT injury. However, TIM-3-mediated protection was lost by pharmacologic TIM-3 blockade or an absence of CC1 in the donor liver (CC1KO → TIM-3Tg/CC1KO). The perioperative CC1 increase in human OLT reduced hepatocellular injury, early allograft dysfunction, and the cumulative rejection rate. CONCLUSIONS This translational study identifies T cell-specific CC1 signaling as a therapeutic means to alleviate OLT injury by promoting T cell-intrinsic TIM-3, which in turn interacts with liver-associated CC1 to suppress NF-κB in Kupffer cells. By suppressing peritransplant liver damage, promoting T-cell homeostasis, and improving OLT outcomes, recipient CC1 signaling serves as a novel cytoprotective sentinel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenobu Kojima
- The Dumont-University of California Los Angeles Transplantation Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kentaro Kadono
- The Dumont-University of California Los Angeles Transplantation Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hirofumi Hirao
- The Dumont-University of California Los Angeles Transplantation Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kenneth J Dery
- The Dumont-University of California Los Angeles Transplantation Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Taylor Torgerson
- The Dumont-University of California Los Angeles Transplantation Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Siyuan Yao
- The Dumont-University of California Los Angeles Transplantation Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Fady M Kaldas
- The Dumont-University of California Los Angeles Transplantation Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Douglas G Farmer
- The Dumont-University of California Los Angeles Transplantation Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Richard S Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jerzy W Kupiec-Weglinski
- The Dumont-University of California Los Angeles Transplantation Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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3
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Dery KJ, Kojima H, Kageyama S, Kadono K, Hirao H, Cheng B, Zhai Y, Farmer DG, Kaldas FM, Yuan X, Eltzschiasg HK, Kupiec-Weglinski JW. Alternative splicing of CEACAM1 by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α enhances tolerance to hepatic ischemia in mice and humans. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadf2059. [PMID: 37531413 PMCID: PMC11164245 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adf2059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Although alternative splicing (AS) drives transcriptional responses and cellular adaptation to environmental stresses, its contributions in organ transplantation have not been appreciated. We have shown that carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule (Ceacam1; CD66a), a transmembrane biliary glycoprotein expressed in epithelial, endothelial, and immune cells, determines donor liver transplant quality. Here, we studied how AS of Ceacam1 affects ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in mouse and human livers. We found that the short cytoplasmic isoform Ceacam1-S increased during early acute and late resolution phases of warm IRI injury in mice. Transfection of Ceacam1-deficient mouse hepatocytes with adenoviral Ceacam1-S mitigated hypoxia-induced loss of cellular adhesion by repressing the Ask1/p-p38 cell death pathway. Nucleic acid-blocking morpholinos, designed to selectively induce Ceacam1-S, protected hepatocyte cultures against temperature-induced stress in vitro. Luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays identified direct binding of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (Hif-1α) to the mouse polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 (Ptbp1) promoter region. Dimethyloxalylglycine protected mouse livers from warm IR stress and hepatocellular damage by inhibiting prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 1 and promoting AS of Ceacam1-S. Last, analysis of 46 human donor liver grafts revealed that CEACAM1-S positively correlated with pretransplant HIF1A expression. This also correlated with better transplant outcomes, including reduced TIMP1, total bilirubin, proinflammatory MCP1, CXCL10 cytokines, immune activation markers IL17A, and incidence of delayed complications from biliary anastomosis. This translational study identified mouse Hif-1α-controlled AS of Ceacam1, through transcriptional regulation of Ptbp1 promoter region, as a functional underpinning of hepatoprotection against IR stress and tissue damage in liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J. Dery
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
| | - Hidenobu Kojima
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
| | - Shoichi Kageyama
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
| | - Kentaro Kadono
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
| | - Hirofumi Hirao
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
| | - Brian Cheng
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
| | - Yuan Zhai
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
| | - Douglas G. Farmer
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
| | - Fady M. Kaldas
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth; Houston, TX, 77030 USA
| | - Holger K. Eltzschiasg
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth; Houston, TX, 77030 USA
| | - Jerzy W. Kupiec-Weglinski
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
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CEACAMS 1, 5, and 6 in disease and cancer: interactions with pathogens. Genes Cancer 2023; 14:12-29. [PMID: 36741860 PMCID: PMC9891707 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The CEA family comprises 18 genes and 11 pseudogenes located at chromosome 19q13.2 and is divided into two main groups: cell surface anchored CEA-related cell adhesion molecules (CEACAMs) and the secreted pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSGs). CEACAMs are highly glycosylated cell surface anchored, intracellular, and intercellular signaling molecules with diverse functions, from cell differentiation and transformation to modulating immune responses associated with infection, inflammation, and cancer. In this review, we explore current knowledge surrounding CEACAM1, CEACAM5, and CEACAM6, highlight their pathological significance in the areas of cancer biology, immunology, and inflammatory disease, and describe the utility of murine models in exploring questions related to these proteins.
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Hsu CF, Lin MW, Huang CC, Li TH, Liu CW, Huang SF, Yang YY, Huang YH, Hou MC, Lin HC. Roles and mechanisms of circulating CEACAM1 in the cirrhosis-related intestinal hyperpermeability: in vitro approach. J Chin Med Assoc 2021; 84:851-859. [PMID: 34261981 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cirrhosis-related intestinal hyperpermeability and endotoxemia are characterized by intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis, impaired restitution (proliferation and migration), decreased tight junction protein levels, and subsequent barrier dysfunction. In addition to endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) plays crucial roles in the regulation of apoptosis, restitution, tight junction protein-maintained barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells. METHODS This study aims to explore the roles and underlying mechanisms of CEACAM1 in cirrhosis-related intestinal hyperpermeability through in vitro approach. RESULTS In cirrhotic patients, high serum levels of intestinal hyperpermeability (zonulin and endotoxin) markers were accompanied by elevated serum levels of TNFα and soluble CEACAM1. In in vitro experiments, we evaluated the individual and interacted roles of TNFα and human recombinant CEACAM1 (hrCEACAM1) in LC-sera (sera of cirrhotic patients)-induced intestinal hyperpermeability-related pathogenic signals. In the cell Line human from human colon (Caucasian colon adenocarcinoma) (Caco-2) cell culture, LC-sera, TNFα, and hrCEACAM1 increased apoptosis (measured by Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase [TdT] dUTP nick end labeling+/annexin-5+propidium iodide+ cells and caspase-3 activity), decreased restitution capacity (proliferation and migration), and disrupted tight junction protein-maintained barrier function in Caco-2 cells. The pathogenic changes mentioned above were accompanied by an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, lactate dehydrogenase release, and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related signals in the LC-sera or TNFα-pretreated Caco-2 cells. Concomitant incubation of Caco-2 cells with anti-CEACAM1 suppressed these LC-sera or TNFα-induced negative effects on restitution, barrier function, and cell viability. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that sera from cirrhotic patients contain soluble CEACAM1, which is involved in the pathogenesis of intestinal hyperpermeability. Accordingly, it is noteworthy to explore the potential use of anti-CEACAM1 treatment for cirrhosis-related intestinal hyperpermeability and endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Fu Hsu
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung Universityl, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Wei Lin
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung Universityl, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Chang Huang
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung Universityl, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tzu-Hao Li
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Wei Liu
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung Universityl, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shiang-Fen Huang
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung Universityl, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Infection, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ying-Ying Yang
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung Universityl, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Hsiang Huang
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung Universityl, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Chih Hou
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung Universityl, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Han-Chieh Lin
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung Universityl, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Berger K, Somineni H, Prince J, Kugathasan S, Gibson G. Altered splicing associated with the pathology of inflammatory bowel disease. Hum Genomics 2021; 15:47. [PMID: 34301333 PMCID: PMC8305504 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-021-00347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant splicing of individual genes is a well-known mechanism promoting pathology for a wide range of conditions, but disease is less commonly attributed to global disruption of exon usage. To explore the possible association of aberrant splicing with inflammatory bowel disease, we developed a pipeline for quantifying transcript abundance and exon inclusion transcriptome-wide and applied it to a dataset of ileal and rectal biopsies, both obtained in duplicate from 34 pediatric or young adult cases of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Results Expression and splicing covary to some extent, and eight individuals exhibited aberrant profiles that can be explained by altered ratios of epithelial to stromal and immune cells. Ancestry-related biases in alternative splicing accounting for 5% of the variance were also observed, in part also related to cell-type proportions. In addition, two individuals were identified who had 284 exons with significantly divergent percent spliced in exons, including in the established IBD risk gene CEACAM1, which caused their ileal samples to resemble the rectum. Conclusions These results imply that quantitative differences in splice usage contribute to the pathology of inflammatory bowel disease in a previously unrecognized manner. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40246-021-00347-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiera Berger
- School of Biological Sciences and Center for Integrative Genomics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Hari Somineni
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Current address: insitro, San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Jarod Prince
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Subra Kugathasan
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Greg Gibson
- School of Biological Sciences and Center for Integrative Genomics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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7
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Riva A, Palma E, Devshi D, Corrigall D, Adams H, Heaton N, Menon K, Preziosi M, Zamalloa A, Miquel R, Ryan JM, Wright G, Fairclough S, Evans A, Shawcross D, Schierwagen R, Klein S, Uschner FE, Praktiknjo M, Katzarov K, Hadzhiolova T, Pavlova S, Simonova M, Trebicka J, Williams R, Chokshi S. Soluble TIM3 and Its Ligands Galectin-9 and CEACAM1 Are in Disequilibrium During Alcohol-Related Liver Disease and Promote Impairment of Anti-bacterial Immunity. Front Physiol 2021; 12:632502. [PMID: 33776793 PMCID: PMC7987668 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.632502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Immunoregulatory checkpoint receptors (CR) contribute to the profound immunoparesis observed in alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) and in vitro neutralization of inhibitory-CRs TIM3/PD1 on anti-bacterial T-cells can rescue innate and adaptive anti-bacterial immunity. Recently described soluble-CR forms can modulate immunity in inflammatory conditions, but the contributions of soluble-TIM3 and soluble-PD1 and other soluble-CRs to immune derangements in ALD remain unclear. Methods In Alcoholic Hepatitis (AH; n = 19), alcohol-related cirrhosis (ARC; n = 53) and healthy control (HC; n = 27) subjects, we measured by Luminex technology (i) plasma levels of 16 soluble-CRs, 12 pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines and markers of gut bacterial translocation; (ii) pre-hepatic, post-hepatic and non-hepatic soluble-CR plasma levels in ARC patients undergoing TIPS; (iii) soluble-CRs production from ethanol-treated immunocompetent precision cut human liver slices (PCLS); (iv) whole-blood soluble-CR expression upon bacterial challenge. By FACS, we assessed the relationship between soluble-TIM3 and membrane-TIM3 and rescue of immunity in bacterial-challenged PBMCs. Results Soluble-TIM3 was the dominant plasma soluble-CR in ALD vs. HC (p = 0.00002) and multivariate analysis identified it as the main driver of differences between groups. Soluble-CRs were strongly correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines, gut bacterial translocation markers and clinical indices of disease severity. Ethanol exposure or bacterial challenge did not induce soluble-TIM3 production from PCLS nor from whole-blood. Bacterial challenge prompted membrane-TIM3 hyperexpression on PBMCs from ALD patient's vs. HC (p < 0.002) and was inversely correlated with plasma soluble-TIM3 levels in matched patients. TIM3 ligands soluble-Galectin-9 and soluble-CEACAM1 were elevated in ALD plasma (AH > ARC; p < 0.002). In vitro neutralization of Galectin-9 and soluble-CEACAM1 improved the defective anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory cytokine production from E. coli-challenged PBMCs in ALD patients. Conclusions Alcohol-related liver disease patients exhibit supra-physiological plasma levels of soluble-TIM3, particularly those with greater disease severity. This is also associated with increased levels of soluble TIM3-ligands and membrane-TIM3 expression on immune cells. Soluble-TIM3 can block the TIM3-ligand synapse and improve anti-bacterial immunity; however, the increased levels of soluble TIM3-binding ligands in patients with ALD negate any potential immunostimulatory effects. We believe that anti-TIM3 neutralizing antibodies currently in Phase I clinical trials or soluble-TIM3 should be investigated further for their ability to enhance anti-bacterial immunity. These agents could potentially represent an innovative immune-based supportive approach to rescue anti-bacterial defenses in ALD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Riva
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Palma
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dhruti Devshi
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas Corrigall
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Gastroenterology, Basildon University Hospital, Basildon, United Kingdom
| | - Huyen Adams
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Heaton
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Krishna Menon
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Preziosi
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ane Zamalloa
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosa Miquel
- Liver Histopathology Laboratory, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer M Ryan
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Services, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Wright
- Department of Gastroenterology, Basildon University Hospital, Basildon, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Fairclough
- Department of Gastroenterology, Basildon University Hospital, Basildon, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Evans
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Debbie Shawcross
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Schierwagen
- Translational Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sabine Klein
- Translational Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Frank E Uschner
- Translational Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Krum Katzarov
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantology, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tanya Hadzhiolova
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantology, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Slava Pavlova
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantology, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Marieta Simonova
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantology, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- Translational Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF-CLIF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Williams
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shilpa Chokshi
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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8
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Tsugawa N, Yamada D, Watabe T, Onizawa M, Wang S, Nemoto Y, Oshima S, Tsubata T, Adachi T, Kawano Y, Watanabe M, Blumberg RS, Okamoto R, Nagaishi T. CEACAM1 specifically suppresses B cell receptor signaling-mediated activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 535:99-105. [PMID: 33352461 PMCID: PMC9635307 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.11.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) expressed in T cells may regulate immune responses in the gut. In addition to T cells, B cells are also an important population in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues that orchestrate mucosal homeostasis. However, the role of CEACAM1 in B cells has not been elucidated. We herein analyzed mature B cells to determine the functions of CEACAM1. Flow cytometry revealed high expression of CEACAM1 on B cells in secondary lymphoid tissues. Cytokine production induced by activation of B cell receptor (BCR) signaling was suppressed by CEACAM1 signaling in contrast to that associated with either Toll-like receptor 4 or CD40 signaling. Confocal microscopy revealed co-localization of CEACAM1 and BCR when activated with anti-Igμ F(ab')2 fragment. Overexpression of CEACAM1 in a murine B cell line, A20, resulted in reduced expressions of activation surface markers with decreased Ca2+ influx after BCR signal activation. Overexpression of CEACAM1 suppressed BCR signal cascade in A20 cells in association with decreased spontaneous proliferation. Our results suggest that CEACAM1 can regulate BCR-mediated mature B cell activation in lymphoid tissues. Therefore, further studies of this molecule may lead to greater insights into the mechanisms of immune responses within peripheral tissues and the potential treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Tsugawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiki Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Watabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michio Onizawa
- Department of Advanced Therapeutics for GI Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science, TMDU, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yasuhiro Nemoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Advanced Therapeutics for GI Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science, TMDU, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Oshima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsubata
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute (MRI), TMDU, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Adachi
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute (MRI), TMDU, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Kawano
- Department of Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, TMDU, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan; Advanced Research Institute, TMDU, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Richard S Blumberg
- Gastroenterology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryuichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagaishi
- Department of Advanced Therapeutics for GI Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science, TMDU, Tokyo, Japan.
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Obasanmi G, Lois N, Armstrong D, Lavery NJ, Hombrebueno JR, Lynch A, Wright DM, Chen M, Xu H. Circulating Leukocyte Alterations and the Development/Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 1 Diabetic Patients - A Pilot Study. Curr Eye Res 2020; 45:1144-1154. [PMID: 31997663 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1718165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between alterations in circulating leukocytes and the initiation and progression of DR in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS Forty-one patients with T1D [13 mild non-proliferative DR (mNPDR), 14 active proliferative DR (aPDR) and 14 inactive PDR (iPDR)], and 13 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were recruited prospectively. Circulating leukocytes, including CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, CD14+CD16-, CD14-CD16+ and CD14+CD16+ monocytes; CD16+HLA-DR- neutrophils, CD19+ B-cells and CD56+ natural killer cells and their cell surface adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors (HLA-DR, CD62L, CCR2, CCR5, CD66a, CD157 and CD305) were examined by flow cytometry. RESULTS In DR patients, compared to healthy controls, increased proportions of neutrophils (p = .0152); reduced proportions of lymphocytes (p = .0002), HLA-DR+ leukocytes (p = .0406) and non-classical monocytes (p = .0204); and reduced expression of CD66a (p = .0048) and CD157 (p = .0007) on CD4+ T cells were observed. Compared to healthy controls, CD19+ B cells were reduced at the mNPDR but not aPDR patients. Total lymphocytes, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells progressively decreased whereas neutrophils, the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and the neutrophil/CD4+ ratio progressively increased from early to late stages of DR, reaching statistical significance at the aPDR stage. Longer diabetes duration was associated with a reduced proportion of CD8+ T cells (p = .002) and increased neutrophil/CD8+ ratio (p = .033). CONCLUSIONS In this pilot study, DR is associated with increased innate cellular immunity especially neutrophils and reduced adaptive cellular immunity particularly lymphocytes. Impaired B-cell immunity may play a role in the initiation of DR; whereas impaired T-cell immunity with increased neutrophil response may contribute to progression of DR from non-proliferative to proliferative stages in T1D patients. Large multicenter studies are needed to further understand the immune dysregulation in DR initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Obasanmi
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast, UK
| | - Noemi Lois
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast, UK
| | - David Armstrong
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast, UK
| | - Nuala-Jane Lavery
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast, UK
| | - Jose Romero Hombrebueno
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast, UK
| | - Aisling Lynch
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast, UK
| | - David M Wright
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast, UK
| | - Mei Chen
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast, UK
| | - Heping Xu
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast, UK
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10
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Horst AK, Najjar SM, Wagener C, Tiegs G. CEACAM1 in Liver Injury, Metabolic and Immune Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103110. [PMID: 30314283 PMCID: PMC6213298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is expressed on epithelial, endothelial and immune cells. CEACAM1 is a differentiation antigen involved in the maintenance of epithelial polarity that is induced during hepatocyte differentiation and liver regeneration. CEACAM1 regulates insulin sensitivity by promoting hepatic insulin clearance, and controls liver tolerance and mucosal immunity. Obese insulin-resistant humans with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease manifest loss of hepatic CEACAM1. In mice, deletion or functional inactivation of CEACAM1 impairs insulin clearance and compromises metabolic homeostasis which initiates the development of obesity and hepatic steatosis and fibrosis with other features of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and adipogenesis in white adipose depot. This is followed by inflammation and endothelial and cardiovascular dysfunctions. In obstructive and inflammatory liver diseases, soluble CEACAM1 is shed into human bile where it can serve as an indicator of liver disease. On immune cells, CEACAM1 acts as an immune checkpoint regulator, and deletion of Ceacam1 gene in mice causes exacerbation of inflammation and hyperactivation of myeloid cells and lymphocytes. Hence, hepatic CEACAM1 resides at the central hub of immune and metabolic homeostasis in both humans and mice. This review focuses on the regulatory role of CEACAM1 in liver and biliary tract architecture in health and disease, and on its metabolic role and function as an immune checkpoint regulator of hepatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kristina Horst
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Sonia M Najjar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Irvine Hall, 1 Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701-2979, USA.
- The Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Irvine Hall, 1 Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701-2979, USA.
| | - Christoph Wagener
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Gisa Tiegs
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
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11
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Horst AK, Wegscheid C, Schaefers C, Schiller B, Neumann K, Lunemann S, Langeneckert AE, Oldhafer KJ, Weiler-Normann C, Lang KS, Singer BB, Altfeld M, Diehl L, Tiegs G. Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 controls IL-2-dependent regulatory T-cell induction in immune-mediated hepatitis in mice. Hepatology 2018; 68:200-214. [PMID: 29377208 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A dysbalance between effector T cells (Tconv) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) and impaired Treg function can cause autoimmune liver disease. Therefore, it is important to identify molecular mechanisms that control Treg homeostasis. Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1; CD66a) is an immune coreceptor with dichotomous roles in T-cell regulation: its short isoform (CEACAM1S) can activate T cells and induce Tregs, whereas its long isoform (CEACAM1L), containing two intracellular immune receptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs, can inhibit activated T-cell function. In the liver, CEACAM1 has antifibrotic effects in models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. However, its role in immune-mediated hepatitis is unknown. In the mouse model of concanavalin A-induced CD4+ T-cell-dependent liver injury, liver damage was aggravated and persisted in Ceacam1-/- mice. Concomitantly, we observed hyperexpansion of Tconv, but reduction of interleukin (IL)-2 production and hepatic forkhead box protein P3+ (Foxp3+ )CD4+ Treg numbers. CEACAM1-/- CD4+ T cells showed impaired IL-2-mediated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) phosphorylation, which correlated with a failure of naïve CEACAM1-/- CD4+ T cells to convert into Tregs in vitro. Furthermore, CEACAM1-/- Tregs expressed reduced levels of Foxp3, CD25, and B-cell lymphoma 2. Adoptive transfer experiments demonstrated that hepatic Treg expansion and suppressive activity required CEACAM1 expression on both CD4+ T cells and Tregs. We identified predominant CEACAM1S expression on hepatic CD4+ T cells and Tregs from mice with acute liver injury and expression of both isoforms in liver-derived CD4+ T-cell clones from patients with liver injury. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that CEACAM1S expression in CD4+ T cells augments IL-2 production and STAT5 phosphorylation leading to enhanced Treg induction and stability, which, ultimately, confers protection from T-cell-mediated liver injury. (Hepatology 2018;68:200-214).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kristina Horst
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Wegscheid
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schaefers
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Schiller
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Neumann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lunemann
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annika E Langeneckert
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karl J Oldhafer
- Department of General & Abdominal Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Semmelweis University of Medicine, Asklepios Campus, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Weiler-Normann
- Center for Internal Medicine, I. Medical Clinic and Polyclinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Martin Zeitz Center for Rare Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karl S Lang
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernhard B Singer
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Linda Diehl
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gisa Tiegs
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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12
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White AM, Wraith DC. Tr1-Like T Cells - An Enigmatic Regulatory T Cell Lineage. Front Immunol 2016; 7:355. [PMID: 27683580 PMCID: PMC5021682 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system evolved to respond to foreign invaders and prevent autoimmunity to self-antigens. Several types of regulatory T cells facilitate the latter process. These include a subset of Foxp3− CD4+ T cells able to secrete IL-10 in an antigen-specific manner, type 1 regulatory (Tr1) T cells. Although their suppressive function has been confirmed both in vitro and in vivo, their phenotype remains poorly defined. It has been suggested that the surface markers LAG-3 and CD49b are biomarkers for murine and human Tr1 cells. Here, we discuss these findings in the context of our data regarding the expression pattern of inhibitory receptors (IRs) CD49b, TIM-3, PD-1, TIGIT, LAG-3, and ICOS on Tr1-like human T cells generated in vitro from CD4+ memory T cells stimulated with αCD3 and αCD28 antibodies. We found that there were no differences in IR expression between IL-10+ and IL-10− T cells. However, CD4+IL-10+ T cells isolated ex vivo, following a short stimulation and cytokine secretion assay, contained significantly higher proportions of TIM-3+ and PD-1+ cells. They also expressed significantly higher TIGIT mRNA and showed a trend toward increased TIM-3 mRNA levels. These data led us to conclude that large pools of IRs may be stored intracellularly; hence, they may not represent ideal candidates as cell surface biomarkers for Tr1-like T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David C Wraith
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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13
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Honma M, Iinuma S, Kanno K, Komatsu S, Minami-Hori M, Ishida-Yamamoto A. Correlation of disease activity and serum level of carcinoembryonic antigen in acquired idiopathic generalized anhidrosis: A case report. J Dermatol 2015; 42:900-2. [PMID: 25958966 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hypohidrosis and anhidrosis are congenital or acquired conditions which are characterized by inadequate sweating. Acquired idiopathic generalized hypohidrosis/anhidrosis (AIGA) includes idiopathic pure sudomotor failure (IPSF), which has the following distinct features: sudden onset in youth, increased serum immunoglobulin E and responds favorably to systemic corticosteroid. No clinical markers reflecting the disease severity or activity have been established. Here, we report a case of AIGA in a Japanese patient successfully treated with repeated methylprednisolone pulse therapy. In this case, serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels increased up to 19.8 ng/mL along with aberrant CEA immunoreactivity of eccrine sweat glands. Interestingly, the serum CEA level normalized as sweating improved with repeated methylprednisolone pulse therapy. Therefore, serum CEA level may serve as a useful clinical marker of hypohidrosis or anhidrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Honma
- Department of Dermatology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Shin Iinuma
- Department of Dermatology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kanno
- Department of Dermatology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Shigetsuna Komatsu
- Department of Dermatology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Masako Minami-Hori
- Department of Dermatology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
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14
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Exogenous carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 suppresses 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. J Surg Res 2015; 195:113-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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15
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Hoang LT, Shimizu C, Ling L, Naim ANM, Khor CC, Tremoulet AH, Wright V, Levin M, Hibberd ML, Burns JC. Global gene expression profiling identifies new therapeutic targets in acute Kawasaki disease. Genome Med 2014; 6:541. [PMID: 25614765 PMCID: PMC4279699 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-014-0102-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Global gene expression profiling can provide insight into the underlying pathophysiology of disease processes. Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, self-limited vasculitis whose etiology remains unknown. Although the clinical illness shares certain features with other pediatric infectious diseases, the occurrence of coronary artery aneurysms in 25% of untreated patients is unique to KD. Methods To gain further insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying KD, we investigated the acute and convalescent whole blood transcriptional profiles of 146 KD subjects and compared them with the transcriptional profiles of pediatric patients with confirmed bacterial or viral infection, and with healthy control children. We also investigated the transcript abundance in patients with different intravenous immunoglobulin treatment responses and different coronary artery outcomes. Results The overwhelming signature for acute KD involved signaling pathways of the innate immune system. Comparison with other acute pediatric infections highlighted the importance of pathways involved in cell motility including paxillin, relaxin, actin, integrins, and matrix metalloproteinases. Most importantly, the IL1β pathway was identified as a potential therapeutic target. Conclusion Our study revealed the importance of the IL-1 signaling pathway and a prominent signature of innate immunity and cell migration in the acute phase of the illness. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13073-014-0102-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chisato Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Ling Ling
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | | | | | - Adriana H Tremoulet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Victoria Wright
- Section for Pediatrics, Division of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Michael Levin
- Section for Pediatrics, Division of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | - Jane C Burns
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
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16
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Beigel F, Friedrich M, Probst C, Sotlar K, Göke B, Diegelmann J, Brand S. Oncostatin M mediates STAT3-dependent intestinal epithelial restitution via increased cell proliferation, decreased apoptosis and upregulation of SERPIN family members. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93498. [PMID: 24710357 PMCID: PMC3977870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Oncostatin M (OSM) is produced by activated T cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells and signals through two distinct receptor complexes consisting of gp130 and LIFR (I) or OSMR-β and gp130 (II), respectively. Aim of this study was to analyze the role of OSM in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and intestinal inflammation. Methods OSM expression and OSM receptor distribution was analyzed by PCR and immunohistochemistry experiments, signal transduction by immunoblotting. Gene expression studies were performed by microarray analysis and RT-PCR. Apoptosis was measured by caspases-3/7 activity. IEC migration and proliferation was studied in wounding and water soluble tetrazolium assays. Results The IEC lines Caco-2, DLD-1, SW480, HCT116 and HT-29 express mRNA for the OSM receptor subunits gp130 and OSMR-β, while only HCT116, HT-29 and DLD-1 cells express LIFR mRNA. OSM binding to its receptor complex activates STAT1, STAT3, ERK-1/2, SAPK/JNK-1/2, and Akt. Microarray analysis revealed 79 genes that were significantly up-regulated (adj.-p≤0.05) by OSM in IEC. Most up-regulated genes belong to the functional categories “immunity and defense” (p = 2.1×10−7), “apoptosis” (p = 3.7×10−4) and “JAK/STAT cascade” (p = 3.4×10−6). Members of the SERPIN gene family were among the most strongly up-regulated genes. OSM significantly increased STAT3- and MEK1-dependent IEC cell proliferation (p<0.05) and wound healing (p = 3.9×10−5). OSM protein expression was increased in colonic biopsies of patients with active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Conclusions OSM promotes STAT3-dependent intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and wound healing in vitro. Considering the increased OSM expression in colonic biopsy specimens of patients with active IBD, OSM upregulation may modulate a barrier-protective host response in intestinal inflammation. Further in vivo studies are warranted to elucidate the exact role of OSM in intestinal inflammation and the potential of OSM as a drug target in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Beigel
- Department of Medicine II, University-Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Friedrich
- Department of Medicine II, University-Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Clinic for Preventive Dentistry and Parodontology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Corina Probst
- Department of Medicine II, University-Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl Sotlar
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Burkhard Göke
- Department of Medicine II, University-Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Diegelmann
- Department of Medicine II, University-Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Clinic for Preventive Dentistry and Parodontology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Brand
- Department of Medicine II, University-Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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17
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Neuman MG, Nanau RM. Inflammatory bowel disease: role of diet, microbiota, life style. Transl Res 2012; 160:29-44. [PMID: 22687961 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2011] [Revised: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompassed several chronic inflammatory disorders leading to damage of the gastrointestinal tract (GI). The 2 principal forms of these disorders are ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn disease (CD). Bacteria are involved in the etiology of IBD, and the genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, and lifestyle factors can affect the individual's predisposition to IBD. The review discusses the potential role of environmental factors such as diet and microbiota as well as genetics in the etiology of IBD. It is suggested that microbial ecosystem in the human bowel colonizing the gut in many different microhabitats can be influence by diet, leading to formation of metabolic processes that are essential form the bowel metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela G Neuman
- Department of In Vitro Drug Safety and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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18
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Nanau RM, Neuman MG. Metabolome and inflammasome in inflammatory bowel disease. Transl Res 2012; 160:1-28. [PMID: 22687960 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses several chronic inflammatory disorders leading to the damage of the gastrointestinal tract. The 2 principal forms of these disorders are ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Bacteria are involved in the etiology of IBD. Many microorganisms have been put forward as causative factors in IBD, but the primary etiologic agents are still not known. The underlying genetic, environmental, and lifestyle issues can affect the individual's predisposition to these diseases. Immune factors identified in IBD are: dysregulation of the innate and adaptive immune system directed against luminal bacteria or their products found in the intestinal lumen and inappropriate immune responses to organisms in the intestine that normally do not elicit a response, possibly because of intrinsic alterations in mucosal barrier function. However, recent advances in basic science research revealed new insights into the role of specific immune cells and their mediators in intestinal inflammation. The inflammatory mediators known as "inflammasome" are a consequence of the metabolic products (metabolom) of cells and commensal or pathogenic bacteria. Elucidation of inflammasome and metabolom has led to the development of biomarkers specific for each disease that are involved into management strategies targeted at altering specific pathogenic mechanisms that have the potential to modify or change the natural course of these disease entities. The review discusses the potential role of biomarkers in monitoring the inflammasome and therefore the severity of intestinal damage. The microbial ecosystem in the human gut in different microhabitats and metabolic niches contribute to the bowel metabolome.In addition, this review will focus on our expanding understanding of microbial factors associated with both the initiation and maintenance of IBD. New insights acquired from murine genetic models of inflammatory bowel disease will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu M Nanau
- In Vitro Drug Safety and Biotechnology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Ménard D, Tremblay E, Ferretti E, Babakissa C, Perron N, Seidman EG, Levy E, Beaulieu JF. Anti-inflammatory effects of epidermal growth factor on the immature human intestine. Physiol Genomics 2012; 44:268-80. [PMID: 22214601 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00101.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response of the preterm infants' intestine underlines its inability to respond to hemodynamic stress, microbes, and nutrients. Recent evidence suggests that exogenous epidermal growth factor (EGF) exerts a therapeutic influence on neonatal enteropathies. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of EGF remain to be clarified. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of EGF on the gene expression profiles of the developing human small and large intestine at midgestation in serum-free organ cultures using microarrays. The gene expression profiles of cultured human fetal ileal and colonic explants were investigated in the absence or presence of a physiological concentration of 50 ng/ml EGF for 48 h. Data were analyzed with the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software and confirmed by qPCR. We found a total of 6,474 differentially expressed genes in the two segments in response to EGF. IPA functional analysis revealed that in addition to differentially modulating distinct cellular, molecular, and physiological functions in the small and large intestine, EGF regulated the inflammatory response in both intestinal segments in a distinct manner. For instance, several intestinal-derived chemokines such as CCL2, CCL25, CXCL5, and CXCL10 were found to be differentially regulated by EGF in the immature ileum and colon. The findings showing the anti-inflammatory influence of exogenous EGF suggests a mechanistic basis for the beneficial effects of EGF on neonatal enteropathies. These results reinforce growing evidence that by midgestation, the human small intestine and colon rely on specific and distinct regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ménard
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Team on the Digestive Epithelium, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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Zhu W, Chen CJ, Thomas CE, Anderson JE, Jerse AE, Sparling PF. Vaccines for gonorrhea: can we rise to the challenge? Front Microbiol 2011; 2:124. [PMID: 21687431 PMCID: PMC3109613 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune responses to the gonococcus after natural infection ordinarily result in little immunity to reinfection, due to antigenic variation of the gonococcus, and redirection or suppression of immune responses. Brinton and colleagues demonstrated that parenteral immunization of male human volunteers with a purified pilus vaccine gave partial protection against infection by the homologous strain. However, the vaccine failed in a clinical trial. Recent vaccine development efforts have focused on the female mouse model of genital gonococcal infection. Here we discuss the state of the field, including our unpublished data regarding efficacy in the mouse model of either viral replicon particle (VRP) vaccines, or outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccines. The OMV vaccines failed, despite excellent serum and mucosal antibody responses. Protection after a regimen consisting of a PorB-VRP prime plus recombinant PorB boost was correlated with apparent Th1, but not with antibody, responses. Protection probably was due to powerful adjuvant effects of the VRP vector. New tools including novel transgenic mice expressing human genes required for gonococcal infection should enable future research. Surrogates for immunity are needed. Increasing antimicrobial resistance trends among gonococci makes development of a vaccine more urgent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Mesko B, Poliska S, Szegedi A, Szekanecz Z, Palatka K, Papp M, Nagy L. Peripheral blood gene expression patterns discriminate among chronic inflammatory diseases and healthy controls and identify novel targets. BMC Med Genomics 2010; 3:15. [PMID: 20444268 PMCID: PMC2874757 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-3-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic inflammatory diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) afflict millions of people worldwide, but their pathogenesis is still not well understood. It is also not well known if distinct changes in gene expression characterize these diseases and if these patterns can discriminate between diseased and control patients and/or stratify the disease. The main focus of our work was the identification of novel markers that overlap among the 3 diseases or discriminate them from each other. Methods Diseased (n = 13, n = 15 and n = 12 in IBD, psoriasis and RA respectively) and healthy patients (n = 18) were recruited based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria; peripheral blood samples were collected by clinicians (30 ml) in Venous Blood Vacuum Collection Tubes containing EDTA and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were separated by Ficoll gradient centrifugation. RNA was extracted using Trizol reagent. Gene expression data was obtained using TaqMan Low Density Array (TLDA) containing 96 genes that were selected by an algorithm and the statistical analyses were performed in Prism by using non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test (P-values < 0.05). Results Here we show that using a panel of 96 disease associated genes and measuring mRNA expression levels in peripheral blood derived mononuclear cells; we could identify disease-specific gene panels that separate each disease from healthy controls. In addition, a panel of five genes such as ADM, AQP9, CXCL2, IL10 and NAMPT discriminates between all samples from patients with chronic inflammation and healthy controls. We also found genes that stratify the diseases and separate different subtypes or different states of prognosis in each condition. Conclusions These findings and the identification of five universal markers of chronic inflammation suggest that these diseases have a common background in pathomechanism, but still can be separated by peripheral blood gene expression. Importantly, the identified genes can be associated with overlapping biological processes including changed inflammatory response. Gene panels based on such markers can play a major role in the development of personalized medicine, in monitoring disease progression and can lead to the identification of new potential drug targets in chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertalan Mesko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Generation of human CEACAM1 transgenic mice and binding of Neisseria Opa protein to their neutrophils. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10067. [PMID: 20404914 PMCID: PMC2852402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human CEACAM1 is a cell-cell adhesion molecule with multiple functions including insulin clearance in the liver, vasculogenesis in endothelial cells, lumen formation in the mammary gland, and binding of certain human pathogens. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Three genomic BAC clones containing the human CEACAM1 gene were microinjected into pronuclei of fertilized FVB mouse oocytes. The embryos were implanted in the oviducts of pseudopregnant females and allowed to develop to term. DNA from newborn mice was evaluated by PCR for the presence of the human CEACAM1 gene. Feces of the PCR positive offspring screened for expression of human CEACAM1. Using this assay, one out of five PCR positive lines was positive for human CEACAM1 expression and showed stable transmission to the F1 generation with the expected transmission frequency (0.5) for heterozygotes. Liver, lung, intestine, kidney, mammary gland, and prostate were strongly positive for the dual expression of both murine and human CEACAM1 and mimic that seen in human tissue. Peripheral blood and bone marrow granulocytes stained strongly for human CEACAM1 and bound Neisseria Opa proteins similar to that in human neutrophils. CONCLUSION These transgenic animals may serve as a model for the binding of human pathogens to human CEACAM1.
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Lyons A, O'Mahony D, O'Brien F, MacSharry J, Sheil B, Ceddia M, Russell WM, Forsythe P, Bienenstock J, Kiely B, Shanahan F, O'Mahony L. Bacterial strain-specific induction of Foxp3+ T regulatory cells is protective in murine allergy models. Clin Exp Allergy 2010; 40:811-9. [PMID: 20067483 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03437.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of atopic disease has increased dramatically during recent decades and the potential immunoregulatory influence of the microbiota in these individuals is under investigation. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to identify a bacterial strain that is protective in murine allergy models and to determine if microbial induction of T regulatory cells was associated with protection from allergic inflammation. METHODS Three microbes (Bifidobacterium breve AH1205, B. longum AH1206 and Lactobacillus salivarius AH102) of human origin were fed to newborn, adult and germ-free animals. Induction of Foxp3(+) T regulatory cells was assessed by flow cytometry. Gene array analysis was performed on Peyer's patches. Strains were also examined for their protective effects in the ovalbumin (OVA) respiratory allergy model and the OVA-cholera toxin dietary allergy model. RESULTS Bifidobacterium longum AH1206 consumption resulted in increased numbers of Foxp3(+) T regulatory cells in infant, adult and germ-free animals. B. breve AH1205 induced Foxp3(+) T regulatory cell expansion only in infant mice while L. salivarius AH102 did not alter T regulatory cell numbers in any animal model tested. B. longum AH1206 reduced the Peyer's patch gene expression associated with antigen presentation, TLR signalling and cytokine production while increasing the expression of genes associated with retinoic acid metabolism. B. longum AH1206 protected against airway inflammation in OVA-sensitized animals and B. longum AH1206 blocked the induction of IgE to orally administered OVA. Neither B. breve AH1205 nor L. salivarius AH102 had a protective effect in either model. CONCLUSION Bacterial strain-specific induction of Foxp3(+) T regulatory cells in vivo is associated with protection from respiratory and oral allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lyons
- Alimentary Health Ltd., Cork, Ireland
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