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Burgess MO, Janas P, Berry K, Mayr H, Mack M, Jenkins SJ, Bain CC, McSorley HJ, Schwarze J. Helminth induced monocytosis conveys protection from respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice. Allergy 2024. [PMID: 38924546 DOI: 10.1111/all.16206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in infants is a major cause of viral bronchiolitis and hospitalisation. We have previously shown in a murine model that ongoing infection with the gut helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus protects against RSV infection through type I interferon (IFN-I) dependent reduction of viral load. Yet, the cellular basis for this protection has remained elusive. Given that recruitment of mononuclear phagocytes to the lung is critical for early RSV infection control, we assessed their role in this coinfection model. METHODS Mice were infected by oral gavage with H. polygyrus. Myeloid immune cell populations were assessed by flow cytometry in lung, blood and bone marrow throughout infection and after secondary infection with RSV. Monocyte numbers were depleted by anti-CCR2 antibody or increased by intravenous transfer of enriched monocytes. RESULTS H. polygyrus infection induces bone marrow monopoiesis, increasing circulatory monocytes and lung mononuclear phagocytes in a IFN-I signalling dependent manner. This expansion causes enhanced lung mononuclear phagocyte counts early in RSV infection that may contribute to the reduction of RSV load. Depletion or supplementation of circulatory monocytes prior to RSV infection confirms that these are both necessary and sufficient for helminth induced antiviral protection. CONCLUSIONS H. polygyrus infection induces systemic monocytosis contributing to elevated mononuclear phagocyte numbers in the lung. These cells are central to an anti-viral effect that reduces the peak viral load in RSV infection. Treatments to promote or modulate these cells may provide novel paths to control RSV infection in high risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew O Burgess
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Piotr Janas
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Karla Berry
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hannah Mayr
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephen J Jenkins
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Calum C Bain
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Henry J McSorley
- Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Jurgen Schwarze
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Child Life and Health, Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Boucher J, Gilbert C, Bose S, Tessier PA. S100A9: The Unusual Suspect Connecting Viral Infection and Inflammation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1523-1529. [PMID: 38709994 PMCID: PMC11076006 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The study of S100A9 in viral infections has seen increased interest since the COVID-19 pandemic. S100A8/A9 levels were found to be correlated with the severity of COVID-19 disease, cytokine storm, and changes in myeloid cell subsets. These data led to the hypothesis that S100A8/A9 proteins might play an active role in COVID-19 pathogenesis. This review explores the structures and functions of S100A8/9 and the current knowledge on the involvement of S100A8/A9 and its constituents in viral infections. The potential roles of S100A9 in SARS-CoV-2 infections are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Boucher
- Axe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, and Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d’immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Gilbert
- Axe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, and Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d’immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Santanu Bose
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Philippe A. Tessier
- Axe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, and Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d’immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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Yu H, Zaveri S, Sattar Z, Schaible M, Perez Gandara B, Uddin A, McGarvey LR, Ohlmeyer M, Geraghty P. Protein Phosphatase 2A as a Therapeutic Target in Pulmonary Diseases. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1552. [PMID: 37763671 PMCID: PMC10535831 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
New disease targets and medicinal chemistry approaches are urgently needed to develop novel therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that reduced activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a complex heterotrimeric enzyme that regulates dephosphorylation of serine and threonine residues from many proteins, is observed in multiple pulmonary diseases, including lung cancer, smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, asthma, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Loss of PP2A responses is linked to many mechanisms associated with disease progressions, such as senescence, proliferation, inflammation, corticosteroid resistance, enhanced protease responses, and mRNA stability. Therefore, chemical restoration of PP2A may represent a novel treatment for these diseases. This review outlines the potential impact of reduced PP2A activity in pulmonary diseases, endogenous and exogenous inhibitors of PP2A, details the possible PP2A-dependent mechanisms observed in these conditions, and outlines potential therapeutic strategies for treatment. Substantial medicinal chemistry efforts are underway to develop therapeutics targeting PP2A activity. The development of specific activators of PP2A that selectively target PP2A holoenzymes could improve our understanding of the function of PP2A in pulmonary diseases. This may lead to the development of therapeutics for restoring normal PP2A responses within the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Yu
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Sahil Zaveri
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Zeeshan Sattar
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Michael Schaible
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Brais Perez Gandara
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Anwar Uddin
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Lucas R. McGarvey
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | | | - Patrick Geraghty
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
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Pokharel SM, Mohanty I, Mariasoosai C, Miura TA, Maddison LA, Natesan S, Bose S. Human beta defensin-3 mediated activation of β-catenin during human respiratory syncytial virus infection: interaction of HBD3 with LDL receptor-related protein 5. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1186510. [PMID: 37426017 PMCID: PMC10324619 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1186510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a non-segmented negative-sense RNA virus belonging to the paramyxovirus family. RSV infects the respiratory tract to cause pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants, elderly, and immunocompromised patients. Effective clinical therapeutic options and vaccines to combat RSV infection are still lacking. Therefore, to develop effective therapeutic interventions, it is imperative to understand virus-host interactions during RSV infection. Cytoplasmic stabilization of β-catenin protein results in activation of canonical Wingless (Wnt)/β-catenin signaling pathway that culminates in transcriptional activation of various genes regulated by T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) transcription factors. This pathway is involved in various biological and physiological functions. Our study shows RSV infection of human lung epithelial A549 cells triggering β-catenin protein stabilization and induction of β-catenin mediated transcriptional activity. Functionally, the activated β-catenin pathway promoted a pro-inflammatory response during RSV infection of lung epithelial cells. Studies with β-catenin inhibitors and A549 cells lacking optimal β-catenin activity demonstrated a significant loss of pro-inflammatory chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) release from RSV-infected cells. Mechanistically, our studies revealed a role of extracellular human beta defensin-3 (HBD3) in interacting with cell surface Wnt receptor LDL receptor-related protein-5 (LRP5) to activate the non-canonical Wnt independent β-catenin pathway during RSV infection. We showed gene expression and release of HBD3 from RSV-infected cells and silencing of HBD3 expression resulted in reduced stabilization of β-catenin protein during RSV infection. Furthermore, we observed the binding of extracellular HBD3 with cell surface localized LRP5 protein, and our in silico and protein-protein interaction studies have highlighted a direct interaction of HBD3 with LRP5. Thus, our studies have identified the β-catenin pathway as a key regulator of pro-inflammatory response during RSV infection of human lung epithelial cells. This pathway was induced during RSV infection via a non-canonical Wnt-independent mechanism involving paracrine/autocrine action of extracellular HBD3 activating cell surface Wnt receptor complex by directly interacting with the LRP5 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swechha M. Pokharel
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Indira Mohanty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Charles Mariasoosai
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Tanya A. Miura
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Lisette A. Maddison
- Center for Reproductive Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Senthil Natesan
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Santanu Bose
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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Ali MK, Tian X, Zhao L, Schimmel K, Rhodes CJ, Wilkins MR, Nicolls MR, Spiekerkoetter EF. PTPN1 Deficiency Modulates BMPR2 Signaling and Induces Endothelial Dysfunction in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Cells 2023; 12:316. [PMID: 36672250 PMCID: PMC9857213 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) expression and signaling are impaired in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). How BMPR2 signaling is decreased in PAH is poorly understood. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) play important roles in vascular remodeling in PAH. To identify whether PTPs modify BMPR2 signaling, we used a siRNA-mediated high-throughput screening of 22,124 murine genes in mouse myoblastoma reporter cells using ID1 expression as readout for BMPR2 signaling. We further experimentally validated the top hit, PTPN1 (PTP1B), in healthy human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) either silenced by siRNA or exposed to hypoxia and confirmed its relevance to PAH by measuring PTPN1 levels in blood and PAECs collected from PAH patients. We identified PTPN1 as a novel regulator of BMPR2 signaling in PAECs, which is downregulated in the blood of PAH patients, and documented that downregulation of PTPN1 is linked to endothelial dysfunction in PAECs. These findings point to a potential involvement for PTPN1 in PAH and will aid in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Khadem Ali
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lan Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Katharina Schimmel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Christopher J. Rhodes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Martin R. Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mark R. Nicolls
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Edda F. Spiekerkoetter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Molecular Mechanisms of RSV and Air Pollution Interaction: A Scoping Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012704. [PMID: 36293561 PMCID: PMC9604398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
RSV is one of the major infectious agents in paediatrics, and its relationship with air pollution is frequently observed. However, the molecular basis of this interaction is sparsely reported. We sought to systematically review the existing body of literature and identify the knowledge gaps to answer the question: which molecular mechanisms are implied in the air pollutants-RSV interaction? Online databases were searched for original studies published before August 2022 focusing on molecular mechanisms of the interaction. The studies were charted and a narrative synthesis was based upon three expected directions of influence: a facilitated viral entry, an altered viral replication, and an inappropriate host reaction. We identified 25 studies published between 1993 and 2020 (without a noticeable increase in the number of studies) that were performed in human (n = 12), animal (n = 10) or mixed (n = 3) models, and analysed mainly cigarette smoke (n = 11), particulate matter (n = 4), nanoparticles (n = 3), and carbon black (n = 2). The data on a damage to the epithelial barrier supports the hypothesis of facilitated viral entry; one study also reported accelerated viral entry upon an RSV conjugation to particulate matter. Air pollution may result in the predominance of necrosis over apoptosis, and, as an effect, an increased viral load was reported. Similarly, air pollution mitigates epithelium function with decreased IFN-γ and Clara cell secretory protein levels and decreased immune response. Immune response might also be diminished due to a decreased viral uptake by alveolar macrophages and a suppressed function of dendritic cells. On the other hand, an exuberant inflammatory response might be triggered by air pollution and provoke airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), prolonged lung infiltration, and tissue remodeling, including a formation of emphysema. AHR is mediated mostly by increased IFN-γ and RANTES concentrations, while the risk of emphysema was related to the activation of the IL-17 → MCP-1 → MMP-9 → MMP-12 axis. There is a significant lack of evidence on the molecular basics of the RSV-air pollution interaction, which may present a serious problem with regards to future actions against air pollution effects. The major knowledge gaps concern air pollutants (mostly the influence of cigarette smoke was investigated), the mechanisms facilitating an acute infection or a worse disease course (since it might help plan short-term, especially non-pharmacological, interventions), and the mechanisms of an inadequate response to the infection (which may lead to a prolonged course of an acute infection and long-term sequelae). Thus far, the evidence is insufficient regarding the broadness and complexity of the interaction, and future studies should focus on common mechanisms stimulated by various air pollutants and a comparison of influence of the different contaminants at various concentrations.
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Senescence: Pathogenic Driver in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58060817. [PMID: 35744080 PMCID: PMC9228143 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58060817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is recognized as a disease of accelerated lung aging. Over the past two decades, mounting evidence suggests an accumulation of senescent cells within the lungs of patients with COPD that contributes to dysregulated tissue repair and the secretion of multiple inflammatory proteins, termed the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Cellular senescence in COPD is linked to telomere dysfunction, DNA damage, and oxidative stress. This review gives an overview of the mechanistic contributions and pathologic consequences of cellular senescence in COPD and discusses potential therapeutic approaches targeting senescence-associated signaling in COPD.
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Sadeghsoltani F, Mohammadzadeh I, Safari MM, Hassanpour P, Izadpanah M, Qujeq D, Moein S, Vaghari-Tabari M. Zinc and Respiratory Viral Infections: Important Trace Element in Anti-viral Response and Immune Regulation. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2556-2571. [PMID: 34368933 PMCID: PMC8349606 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02859-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and SARS-COV2 are among the most dangerous respiratory viruses. Zinc is one of the essential micronutrients and is very important in the immune system. The aim of this narrative review is to review the most interesting findings about the importance of zinc in the anti-viral immune response in the respiratory tract and defense against influenza, RSV, and SARS-COV2 infections. The most interesting findings on the role of zinc in regulating immunity in the respiratory tract and the relationship between zinc and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are reviewed, as well. Besides, current findings regarding the relationship between zinc and the effectiveness of respiratory viruses' vaccines are reviewed. The results of reviewed studies have shown that zinc and some zinc-dependent proteins are involved in anti-viral defense and immune regulation in the respiratory tract. It seems that zinc can reduce the viral titer following influenza infection. Zinc may reduce RSV burden in the lungs. Zinc can be effective in reducing the duration of viral pneumonia symptoms. Zinc may enhance the effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine in reducing mortality rate in COVID-19 patients. Besides, zinc has a positive effect in preventing ARDS and ventilator-induced lung damage. The relationship between zinc levels and the effectiveness of respiratory viruses' vaccines, especially influenza vaccines, is still unclear, and the findings are somewhat contradictory. In conclusion, zinc has anti-viral properties and is important in defending against respiratory viral infections and regulating the immune response in the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sadeghsoltani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Street, P.O. Box 51666-14711, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Iraj Mohammadzadeh
- Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mir-Meghdad Safari
- Virtual School of Medical Education and Management, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Hassanpour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Street, P.O. Box 51666-14711, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Melika Izadpanah
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Soheila Moein
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Street, P.O. Box 51666-14711, Tabriz, Iran.
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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The S100 Protein Family as Players and Therapeutic Targets in Pulmonary Diseases. Pulm Med 2021; 2021:5488591. [PMID: 34239729 PMCID: PMC8214497 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5488591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The S100 protein family consists of over 20 members in humans that are involved in many intracellular and extracellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, Ca2+ homeostasis, energy metabolism, inflammation, tissue repair, and migration/invasion. Although there are structural similarities between each member, they are not functionally interchangeable. The S100 proteins function both as intracellular Ca2+ sensors and as extracellular factors. Dysregulated responses of multiple members of the S100 family are observed in several diseases, including the lungs (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, and lung cancer). To this degree, extensive research was undertaken to identify their roles in pulmonary disease pathogenesis and the identification of inhibitors for several S100 family members that have progressed to clinical trials in patients for nonpulmonary conditions. This review outlines the potential role of each S100 protein in pulmonary diseases, details the possible mechanisms observed in diseases, and outlines potential therapeutic strategies for treatment.
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Kotsiou OS, Papagiannis D, Papadopoulou R, Gourgoulianis KI. Calprotectin in Lung Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041706. [PMID: 33567747 PMCID: PMC7915440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Calprotectin (CLP) is a heterodimer formed by two S-100 calcium-binding cytosolic proteins, S100A8 and S100A9. It is a multifunctional protein expressed mainly by neutrophils and released extracellularly by activated or damaged cells mediating a broad range of physiological and pathological responses. It has been more than 20 years since the implication of S100A8/A9 in the inflammatory process was shown; however, the evaluation of its role in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases or its usefulness as a biomarker for the appropriate diagnosis and prognosis of lung diseases have only gained attention in recent years. This review aimed to provide current knowledge regarding the potential role of CLP in the pathophysiology of lung diseases and describe how this knowledge is, up until now, translated into daily clinical practice. CLP is involved in numerous cellular processes in lung health and disease. In addition to its anti-microbial functions, CLP also serves as a molecule with pro- and anti-tumor properties related to cell survival and growth, angiogenesis, DNA damage response, and the remodeling of the extracellular matrix. The findings of this review potentially introduce CLP in daily clinical practice within the spectrum of respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ourania S. Kotsiou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
- Correspondence:
| | - Dimitrios Papagiannis
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Rodanthi Papadopoulou
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK;
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11
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Ahmad T, Chaudhuri R, Joshi MC, Almatroudi A, Rahmani AH, Ali SM. COVID-19: The Emerging Immunopathological Determinants for Recovery or Death. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:588409. [PMID: 33335518 PMCID: PMC7736111 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.588409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivation of the host immune system during infection by SARS-CoV-2 is the leading cause of death in COVID-19 patients. It is also evident that patients who develop mild/moderate symptoms and successfully recover display functional and well-regulated immune response. Whereas a delayed initial interferon response is associated with severe disease outcome and can be the tipping point towards immunopathological deterioration, often preceding death in COVID-19 patients. Further, adaptive immune response during COVID-19 is heterogeneous and poorly understood. At the same time, some studies suggest activated T and B cell response in severe and critically ill patients and the presence of SARS-CoV2-specific antibodies. Thus, understanding this problem and the underlying molecular pathways implicated in host immune function/dysfunction is imperative to devise effective therapeutic interventions. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the emerging immunopathological determinants and the mechanism of virus evasion by the host cell immune system. Using the knowledge gained from previous respiratory viruses and the emerging clinical and molecular findings on SARS-CoV-2, we have tried to provide a holistic understanding of the host innate and adaptive immune response that may determine disease outcome. Considering the critical role of the adaptive immune system during the viral clearance, we have presented the molecular insights of the plausible mechanisms involved in impaired T cell function/dysfunction during various stages of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Ahmad
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced Research and Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Rituparna Chaudhuri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Neurovirology Section, National Brain Research Centre (NBRC), Haryana, India
| | - Mohan C. Joshi
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced Research and Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Science, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Science, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Mansoor Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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12
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Cai Z, Xie Q, Hu T, Yao Q, Zhao J, Wu Q, Tang Q. S100A8/A9 in Myocardial Infarction: A Promising Biomarker and Therapeutic Target. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:603902. [PMID: 33282877 PMCID: PMC7688918 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.603902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI), the main cause of cardiovascular-related deaths worldwide, has long been a hot topic because of its threat to public health. S100A8/A9 has recently attracted an increasing amount of interest as a crucial alarmin that regulates the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease after its release from myeloid cells. However, the role of S100A8/A9 in the etiology of MI is not well understood. Here, we elaborate on the critical roles and potential mechanisms of S100A8/A9 driving the pathogenesis of MI. First, cellular source of S100A8/A9 in infarcted heart is discussed. Then we highlight the effect of S100A8/A9 heterodimer in the early inflammatory period and the late reparative period of MI as well as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Moreover, the predictive value of S100A8/A9 for the risk of recurrence of cardiovascular events is elucidated. Therefore, this review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of S100A8/A9 in MI pathogenesis to provide a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhuLan Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingwen Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Tongtong Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Qizhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
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13
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Elevated S100A9 expression in chronic rhinosinusitis coincides with elevated MMP production and proliferation in vitro. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16350. [PMID: 33005006 PMCID: PMC7530678 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73480-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common condition associated with inflammation and tissue remodeling of the nose and paranasal sinuses, frequently occurring with nasal polyps and allergies. Here we investigate inflammation and the protease profile in nasal tissues and plasma from control non-CRS patients and CRS patients. Gene expression for several cytokines, proteases, and antiproteases was quantified in nasal tissue from non-CRS and CRS subjects with nasal polyps. Elevated expression of S100A9, IL1A, MMP3, MMP7, MMP11, MMP25, MMP28, and CTSK was observed in tissue from CRS subjects with nasal polyps compared to control tissue. Tissue protein analysis confirmed elevated levels of these targets compared to controls, and increased MMP3 and MMP7 observed in CRS subjects with nasal polyps compared to CRS subjects without polyps. Plasma concentrations of MMP3 and MMP7 were elevated in the CRS groups compared to controls. The nasal cell line, CCL-30, was exposed to S100A9 protein, resulting in increased MMP3, MMP7, and CTSK gene expression and elevated proliferation. Silencing MMP3 significantly reduced S100A9-mediated cell proliferation. Therefore, the elevated expression of S100A9 and MMPs are observed in CRS nasal tissue and S100A9 stimulated MMP3 responses to contribute to elevated nasal cell proliferation.
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14
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Railwah C, Lora A, Zahid K, Goldenberg H, Campos M, Wyman A, Jundi B, Ploszaj M, Rivas M, Dabo A, Majka SM, Foronjy R, El Gazzar M, Geraghty P. Cigarette smoke induction of S100A9 contributes to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L1021-L1035. [PMID: 32964723 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00207.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) is elevated in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and aging enhances S100A9 expression in several tissues. Currently, the direct impact of S100A9-mediated signaling on lung function and within the aging lung is unknown. Here, we observed that elevated S100A9 levels in human BALF correlated with age. Elevated lung levels of S100A9 were higher in older mice compared with in young animals and coincided with pulmonary function changes. Both acute and chronic exposure to cigarette smoke enhanced S100A9 levels in age-matched mice. To examine the direct role of S100A9 on the development of COPD, S100a9-/- mice or mice administered paquinimod were exposed to chronic cigarette smoke. S100A9 depletion and inhibition attenuated the loss of lung function, pressure-volume loops, airway inflammation, lung compliance, and forced expiratory volume in 0.05 s/forced vital capacity, compared with age-matched wild-type or vehicle-administered animals. Loss of S100a9 signaling reduced cigarette smoke-induced airspace enlargement, alveolar remodeling, lung destruction, ERK and c-RAF phosphorylation, matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) release into the airways. Paquinimod administered to nonsmoked, aged animals reduced age-associated loss of lung function. Since fibroblasts play a major role in the production and maintenance of extracellular matrix in emphysema, primary lung fibroblasts were treated with the ERK inhibitor LY3214996 or the c-RAF inhibitor GW5074, resulting in less S100A9-induced MMP-3, MMP-9, MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-8. Silencing Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE), or extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) prevented S100A9-induced phosphorylation of ERK and c-RAF. Our data suggest that S100A9 signaling contributes to the progression of smoke-induced and age-related COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Railwah
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Alnardo Lora
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Kanza Zahid
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Hannah Goldenberg
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Michael Campos
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Anne Wyman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Bakr Jundi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Magdalena Ploszaj
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Melissa Rivas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Abdoulaye Dabo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York.,Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Susan M Majka
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Robert Foronjy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York.,Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Mohamed El Gazzar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Patrick Geraghty
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York.,Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
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15
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Bedient L, Pokharel SM, Chiok KR, Mohanty I, Beach SS, Miura TA, Bose S. Lytic Cell Death Mechanisms in Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Infected Macrophages: Roles of Pyroptosis and Necroptosis. Viruses 2020; 12:v12090932. [PMID: 32854254 PMCID: PMC7552060 DOI: 10.3390/v12090932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of viral bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and children worldwide. Inflammation induced by RSV infection is responsible for its hallmark manifestation of bronchiolitis and pneumonia. The cellular debris created through lytic cell death of infected cells is a potent initiator of this inflammation. Macrophages are known to play a pivotal role in the early innate immune and inflammatory response to viral pathogens. However, the lytic cell death mechanisms associated with RSV infection in macrophages remains unknown. Two distinct mechanisms involved in lytic cell death are pyroptosis and necroptosis. Our studies revealed that RSV induces lytic cell death in macrophages via both of these mechanisms, specifically through the ASC (Apoptosis-associated speck like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain)-NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3) inflammasome activation of both caspase-1 dependent pyroptosis and receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), as well as a mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase (MLKL)-dependent necroptosis. In addition, we demonstrated an important role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during lytic cell death of RSV-infected macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Bedient
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (L.B.); (S.M.P.); (K.R.C.); (I.M.)
| | - Swechha Mainali Pokharel
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (L.B.); (S.M.P.); (K.R.C.); (I.M.)
| | - Kim R. Chiok
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (L.B.); (S.M.P.); (K.R.C.); (I.M.)
| | - Indira Mohanty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (L.B.); (S.M.P.); (K.R.C.); (I.M.)
| | - Sierra S. Beach
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA; (S.S.B.); (T.A.M.)
| | - Tanya A. Miura
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA; (S.S.B.); (T.A.M.)
| | - Santanu Bose
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (L.B.); (S.M.P.); (K.R.C.); (I.M.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Dabo AJ, Ezegbunam W, Wyman AE, Moon J, Railwah C, Lora A, Majka SM, Geraghty P, Foronjy RF. Targeting c-Src Reverses Accelerated GPX-1 mRNA Decay in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Airway Epithelial Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 62:598-607. [PMID: 31801023 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0177oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced expression of the cellular antioxidant glutathione peroxidase (GPX)-1 prevents cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation and tissue destruction. Subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), however, have decreased airway GPX-1 levels, rendering them more susceptible to disease onset and progression. The mechanisms that downregulate GPX-1 in the airway epithelium in COPD remain unknown. To ascertain these factors, analyses were conducted using human airway epithelial cells isolated from healthy subjects and human subjects with COPD and lung tissue from control and cigarette smoke-exposed A/J mice. Tyrosine phosphorylation modifies GPX-1 expression and cigarette smoke activates the tyrosine kinase c-Src. Therefore, studies were conducted to evaluate the role of c-Src on GPX-1 levels in COPD. These studies identified accelerated GPX-1 mRNA decay in COPD airway epithelial cells. Targeting the tyrosine kinase c-Src with siRNA inhibited GPX-1 mRNA degradation and restored GPX-1 protein levels in human airway epithelial cells. In contrast, silencing the tyrosine kinase c-Abl, or the transcriptional activator Nrf2, had no effect on GPX-1 mRNA stability. The chemical inhibitors for c-Src (saracatinib and dasanitib) restored GPX-1 mRNA levels and GPX-1 activity in COPD airway cells in vitro. Similarly, saracatinib prevented the loss of lung Gpx-1 expression in response to chronic smoke exposure in vivo. Thus, this study establishes that the decreased GPX-1 expression that occurs in COPD lungs is at least partially due to accelerated mRNA decay. Furthermore, these findings show that targeting c-Src represents a potential therapeutic approach to augment GPX-1 responses and counter smoke-induced lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoulaye J Dabo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; and
| | - Wendy Ezegbunam
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Anne E Wyman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Jane Moon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Christopher Railwah
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Alnardo Lora
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Susan M Majka
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Patrick Geraghty
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; and
| | - Robert F Foronjy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; and
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17
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Figueiredo A, Leal EC, Carvalho E. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibition as a potential therapeutic target for chronic wounds in diabetes. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104977. [PMID: 32504834 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Non-healing diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a serious complication in diabetic patients. Their incidence has increased in recent years. Although there are several treatments for DFUs, they are often not effective enough to avoid amputation. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is expressed in most tissues and is a negative regulator of important metabolic pathways. PTP1B is overexpressed in tissues under diabetic conditions. Recently, PTP1B inhibition has been found to enhance wound healing. PTP1B inhibition decreases inflammation and bacterial infection at the wound site and promotes angiogenesis and tissue regeneration, thereby facilitating diabetic wound healing. In summary, the pharmacological modulation of PTP1B activity may help treat DFUs, suggesting that PTP1B inhibition is an outstanding therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Figueiredo
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ermelindo C Leal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Eugénia Carvalho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Geriatrics, and Arkansas Children's Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, USA
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18
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Wang S, Cheng Z, Chen X, Xue H. microRNA-135a protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by targeting protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:10421-10433. [PMID: 30644128 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs are an emerging class of molecules that regulate pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Here we aim to elucidate the effects and mechanism of miR-135a, a previously reported regulator of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, in myocardial I/R injury. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the expression level of miR-135a was significantly decreased both in the rat I/R group and H9c2 cells subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation. Overexpression of miR-135a in vivo markedly decreased the infarct size and inhibited the I/R-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Overexpression of miR-135a in H9c2 also exerted antiapoptosis effects. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis, luciferase activity, and the Western blot assay indicated that protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a direct target of miR-135a. In addition, the expression of proapoptotic-related genes, such as p53, Bax, and cleaved caspase3, were decreased in association with the downregulation of PTP1B. In summary, this study demonstrates that miR-135a exerts protective effects against myocardial I/R injury by targeting PTP1B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Department of Adult Cardiac Surgery, The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyun Cheng
- Department of Adult Cardiac Surgery, The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xianjie Chen
- Department of Adult Cardiac Surgery, The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huanzhou Xue
- Department of Hepatobiliary, The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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19
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Azcutia V, Parkos CA, Brazil JC. Role of negative regulation of immune signaling pathways in neutrophil function. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 103:10.1002/JLB.3MIR0917-374R. [PMID: 29345376 PMCID: PMC6203665 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mir0917-374r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) play a critical role in host defense against infection and in the resolution of inflammation. However, immune responses mediated by PMN must be tightly regulated to facilitate elimination of invading pathogens without inducing detrimental inflammation and host tissue damage. Specific engagement of cell surface immunoreceptors by a diverse range of extracellular signals regulates PMN effector functions through differential activation of intracellular signaling cascades. Although mechanisms of PMN activation mediated via cell signaling pathways have been well described, less is known about negative regulation of PMN function by immune signaling cascades. Here, we provide an overview of immunoreceptor-mediated negative regulation of key PMN effector functions including maturation, migration, phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species release, degranulation, apoptosis, and NET formation. Increased understanding of mechanisms of suppression of PMN effector functions may point to possible future therapeutic targets for the amelioration of PMN-mediated autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Azcutia
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Charles A. Parkos
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Jennifer C. Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
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20
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Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of upper respiratory tract infection in children and adults. However, infection with this virus sometimes leads to severe lower respiratory disease and is the major cause of infant hospitalisations in the developed world. Several risk factors such as baby prematurity and congenital heart disease are known to predispose towards severe disease but previously healthy, full-term infants can also develop bronchiolitis and viral pneumonia during RSV infection. The causes of severe disease are not fully understood but may include dysregulation of the immune response to the virus, resulting in excessive recruitment and activation of innate and adaptive immune cells that can cause damage. This review highlights recent discoveries on the balancing act of immune-mediated virus clearance versus immunopathology during RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Johansson
- Respiratory Infections Section, St Mary's campus, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
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21
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Geraghty P, Baumlin N, Salathe MA, Foronjy RF, D'Armiento JM. Glutathione Peroxidase-1 Suppresses the Unfolded Protein Response upon Cigarette Smoke Exposure. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:9461289. [PMID: 28070146 PMCID: PMC5187475 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9461289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress provokes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced unfolded protein response (UPR) in the lungs of chronic obstructive pulmonary (COPD) subjects. The antioxidant, glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1), counters oxidative stress induced by cigarette smoke exposure. Here, we investigate whether GPx-1 expression deters the UPR following exposure to cigarette smoke. Expression of ER stress markers was investigated in fully differentiated normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells isolated from nonsmoking, smoking, and COPD donors and redifferentiated at the air liquid interface. NHBE cells from COPD donors expressed heightened ATF4, XBP1, GRP78, GRP94, EDEM1, and CHOP compared to cells from nonsmoking donors. These changes coincided with reduced GPx-1 expression. Reintroduction of GPx-1 into NHBE cells isolated from COPD donors reduced the UPR. To determine whether the loss of GPx-1 expression has a direct impact on these ER stress markers during smoke exposure, Gpx-1-/- mice were exposed to cigarette smoke for 1 year. Loss of Gpx-1 expression enhanced cigarette smoke-induced ER stress and apoptosis. Equally, induction of ER stress with tunicamycin enhanced antioxidant expression in mouse precision-cut lung slices. Smoke inhalation also exacerbated the UPR response during respiratory syncytial virus infection. Therefore, ER stress may be an antioxidant-related pathophysiological event in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Geraghty
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Nathalie Baumlin
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Matthias A. Salathe
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Robert F. Foronjy
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jeanine M. D'Armiento
- Center for Pulmonary Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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22
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Foronjy RF, Salathe MA, Dabo AJ, Baumlin N, Cummins N, Eden E, Geraghty P. TLR9 expression is required for the development of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L154-66. [PMID: 27288485 PMCID: PMC4967186 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00073.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-9, a pathogen recognition receptor that recognizes unmethylated CpG sequences in microbial DNA molecules, is linked to the pathogenesis of several lung diseases. TLR9 expression and signaling was investigated in animal and cell models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We observed enhanced TLR9 expression in mouse lungs following exposure to cigarette smoke. Tlr9(-/-) mice were resistant to cigarette smoke-induced loss of lung function as determined by mean linear intercept, total lung capacity, lung compliance, and tissue elastance analysis. Tlr9 expression also regulated smoke-mediated immune cell recruitment to the lung; apoptosis; expression of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), the CXCL5 protein, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2); and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) activity in the lung. PTP1B, a phosphatase with anti-inflammatory abilities, was identified as binding to TLR9. In vivo delivery of a TLR9 agonist enhanced TLR9 binding to PTP1B, which inactivated PTP1B. Ptp1b(-/-) mice had elevated lung concentrations of G-CSF, CXCL5, and MMP-2, and tissue expression of type-1 interferon following TLR9 agonist administration, compared with wild-type mice. TLR9 responses were further determined in fully differentiated normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells isolated from nonsmoker, smoker, and COPD donors, and then cultured at air liquid interface. NHBE cells from smokers and patients with COPD expressed more TLR9 and secreted greater levels of G-CSF, IL-6, CXCL5, IL-1β, and MMP-2 upon TLR9 ligand stimulation compared with cells from nonsmoker donors. Although TLR9 combats infection, our results indicate that TLR9 induction can affect lung function by inactivating PTP1B and upregulating expression of proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Foronjy
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Matthias A Salathe
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; and
| | - Abdoulaye J Dabo
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Nathalie Baumlin
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; and
| | - Neville Cummins
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mount Sinai Roosevelt, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York
| | - Edward Eden
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mount Sinai Roosevelt, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York
| | - Patrick Geraghty
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York;
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