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Silveira P, Razmaria A, Yeh R. Hepatic PSMA-Avid Postradiation Inflammation. Clin Nucl Med 2024; 49:e373-e374. [PMID: 38693645 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000005257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A 62-year-old man with de novo large volume metastatic prostate cancer to the bone, liver, and nodes status post multiple lines of therapy including external beam radiation to T12-L2 approximately 13 months prior underwent 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT to determine eligibility for 177 Lu-PSMA therapy. 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT demonstrated tracer-avid osseous and nodal lesions consistent with metastases. In addition, regional geographic tracer avidity was seen in the midline left hepatic lobe associated with capsular retraction and demonstrated no FDG avidity on subsequent imaging, probably inflammatory related to prior radiation to T12-L2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Silveira
- From the Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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2
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Sachpekidis C, Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss A. Long Axial Field-of-View (LAFOV) PET/CT in Prostate Cancer. Semin Nucl Med 2024:S0001-2998(24)00045-X. [PMID: 38825439 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
PSMA-targeted PET/CT is currently considered the most effective non-invasive diagnostic technique for imaging PSMA-positive lesions in prostate cancer (PC), and its introduction has significantly enhanced the role of nuclear medicine in both the diagnosis and therapy (theranostics) of this oncological entity. In line with developments in radiopharmaceuticals, significant progress has been made in the development of PET/CT systems. In particular, the advent of long axial field-of-view (LAFOV) PET/CT scanners has represented a major leap forward in molecular imaging, with early results from clinical applications of these systems showing significant improvements over previous standard axial field-of-view systems in terms of sensitivity, image quality and lesion quantification, while enabling whole-body dynamic PET imaging. In this context, the introduction of the new LAFOV scanners may further enhance the use and potential of PSMA-ligand PET/CT in the diagnosis and management of PC. The initial but steadily growing literature on the application of the new technology in the field of PSMA-ligand PET/CT has already yielded encouraging results regarding the detection of PC lesions with high sensitivity while providing the possibility of ultra-fast or ultra-low dose examinations. Moreover, whole-body dynamic PET has rendered for the first time feasible to capture the pharmacokinetics PSMA-ligands in all major organs and most tumor lesions with high temporal resolution. The main results of these studies are presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Sachpekidis
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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3
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Beyhan E, Aksoy T, Alçin G, Arslan E, Çermik TF. 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT Found Lower Respiratory Tract Inflammation Due to Inhaler Use. Clin Nucl Med 2024; 49:e75-e76. [PMID: 38170919 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000005015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a transmembrane protein physiologically expressed in nonprostatic tissues. Inflammation and infectious diseases could show false-positive PSMA uptake. Herein, we present a 55-year-old patient's findings of inflammation in the lower respiratory tract due to inhaler use in 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT in a patient with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ediz Beyhan
- From the Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital
| | | | - Göksel Alçin
- From the Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital
| | - Esra Arslan
- From the Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital
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4
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Al-Ibraheem A, Abdlkadir AS, Al-Hajaj N, Khalaf A, Salah S. Intense prostate-specific membrane antigen receptor expression in coronary artery pypass graft scar tissue: A potential molecular imaging pitfall. Acta Radiol Open 2024; 13:20584601241240318. [PMID: 38560345 PMCID: PMC10976503 DOI: 10.1177/20584601241240318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
68Gallium-PSMA positron emission tomography/computer tomography has been utilized recently for the diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer. PSMA is a transmembrane protein that is expressed not only in the prostate gland but also in other tissues. While some pitfalls have been addressed, there are still uncertainties. Herein, we report a 79-year-old male with prostate cancer who underwent a PSMA scan after coronary artery bypass graft surgery, revealing disease progression and PSMA-avid foci at the surgical stitch sites. This report discusses the immunohistochemical and molecular imaging mechanisms underlying PSMA expression in surgical scar tissues, providing critical insights for optimizing radiologic reporting in such situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Al-Ibraheem
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Amman, Jordan
| | - Ahmed Saad Abdlkadir
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Amman, Jordan
| | - Nabeela Al-Hajaj
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Amman, Jordan
| | - Aysar Khalaf
- Warith International Cancer Institute, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Samer Salah
- Department of Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Amman, Jordan
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5
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Shi Y, Feng Y, Xu L, Li W, Guan L, Zuo R, Liu S, Pang H, Wang Z. The value of gallium-68 prostate-specific membrane antigen PET/CT and 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose PET/CT in the detection of thyroid cancer lesions: a prospective head-to-head comparison. Br J Radiol 2023:bjr.20230291. [PMID: 38904463 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20230291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thyroid cancer is increasing in incidence. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeted radionuclide imaging and treatment demonstrated remarkable value in prostate cancer patients. Studies have shown that PSMA is also expressed in thyroid cancer. Our purpose is to evaluate the clinical usefulness of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT for the diagnosis of thyroid cancer. METHODS We enrolled 23 DTC and 17 RAIR-DTC patients prospectively. All patients underwent [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT. PSMA expression was determined by immunohistochemistry on histological samples of lymphatic metastasis of 12 patients. We compared the detection rates and semi-quantitative parameters between [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11PET/CT and 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT. RESULTS A total of 72 lesions were detected. Detection rates of DTC and RAIR-DTC by [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT were lower than those by 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT (60.00% vs. 90.00%, P = .004; 59.38% vs. 96.88%). Compared with DTC, RAIR-DTC had higher semi-quantitative parameters of 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT. There was no significant difference in semi-quantitative parameters of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT between DTC and RAIR-DTC. Immunohistochemistry showed a significantly higher PSMA expression for RAIR-DTC than for DTC. However, there was no significant correlation between PSMA expression and SUVmax on 68Ga-PSMA [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT. CONCLUSIONS [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT can detect thyroid cancer metastases but its detection rate was lower than that of 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT. There was a difference in PSMA expression levels between DTC and RAIR-DTC, but the difference was not reflected on [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT has potential value in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer. [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT could screen out patients who may benefit from PSMA-targeted radionuclide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangrui Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuyue Feng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lili Guan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rui Zuo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hua Pang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhengjie Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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6
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Şahin Ö, Karakaşoğlu CC, Erol Ç, Daye M. 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT Uptake in Cutis Verticis Gyrata. Clin Nucl Med 2023; 48:e345-e346. [PMID: 37167412 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000004679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT 68 Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT scan for restaging revealed increased 68 Ga-PSMA uptake in cutis verticis gyrata (CVG) in a patient with prostate cancer. Cutis verticis gyrata is an uncommon disorder in which the scalp thickens and mimics the cerebral cortex with deep grooves and folds. Several studies have demonstrated 68 Ga-PSMA uptake in noncancerous conditions. This case illustrates another instance of a benign illness accompanied by increased 68 Ga-PSMA uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Munise Daye
- Dermatology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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7
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Moreau A, Khayi F, Maureille A, Bonneville-Levard A, Larrouquere L, Ducray F, Kryza D. Discriminating Inflammatory Radiation-Related Changes From Early Recurrence in Patients With Glioblastomas: A Preliminary Analysis of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT Compared With 18F-FDOPA PET/CT. Clin Nucl Med 2023; Publish Ahead of Print:00003072-990000000-00584. [PMID: 37276534 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000004716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REPORT Using morphological and functional imaging to discriminate recurrence from postradiation-related modifications in patients with glioblastomas remains challenging. This pilot study aimed to assess the feasibility of using 68Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) 11 PET/CT compared with 18F-FDOPA PET/CT to detect early recurrence. METHODS Nine patients followed up for glioblastomas who received MRI during 12 months of follow-up were referred for both 68Ga-PSMA-11 and 18F-FDOPA PET/CT. The SUVmax, lesion-to-striatum ratio, lesion-to-normal parenchyma ratio, and lesion-to-salivary gland ratio were calculated. RESULTS Good correlation between 18F-FDOPA and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT findings was seen in 5 patients. In 4 patients, the findings of both examinations were consistent with recurrence but were better visualized with the PSMA PET/CT. Examinations of the fifth patient were suggestive of postradiation-related changes and were better analyzed with the PSMA PET/CT, which displayed relatively low uptake compared with DOPA PET/CT. Conversely, 4 patients showed conflicting results: recurrence was not detected on the PSMA PET/CT because of previously introduced bevacizumab treatment; in another patient, both examinations were consistent with recurrence, but there was an uptake mismatch at the suspected lesion sites, and 2 patients presented with inconsistent findings. CONCLUSIONS Despite a few discrepancies, this study highlights the potential role of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT for discriminating postradiation inflammation from recurrence. 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT has an excellent lesion-to-background ratio, and false-positive and false-negative results could be minimized through implementing certain protocols before performing the examination. More powerful prospective studies are required to validate our results.
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8
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Nguyen A, Martinez F, Nguyen BD. Chest Wall Keloids Depicted by 18 F-Piflufolastat PET/CT Imaging. Clin Nucl Med 2023; 48:e302-e303. [PMID: 36927676 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000004623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Keloids are pathological scars from exuberant fibroproliferative collagen response and excessive extracellular matrix production usually extending beyond the original wound margins. Although keloids are mostly of dermatological concern, they could be incidentally depicted on scintigraphic planar and PET/CT imaging and could mimic other types of skin diseases. The authors present a case of chest wall keloids documented on 18 F-piflufolastat PET/CT during the evaluation of prostate cancer recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Nguyen
- From the Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
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9
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Kim M, Seifert R, Fragemann J, Kersting D, Murray J, Jonske F, Pomykala KL, Egger J, Fendler WP, Herrmann K, Kleesiek J. Evaluation of thresholding methods for the quantification of [ 68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET molecular tumor volume and their effect on survival prediction in patients with advanced prostate cancer undergoing [ 177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 radioligand therapy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:2196-2209. [PMID: 36859618 PMCID: PMC10199857 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06163-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the effect of thresholding algorithms used in computer vision for the quantification of prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (PET) derived tumor volume (PSMA-TV) in patients with advanced prostate cancer. The results were validated with respect to the prognostication of overall survival in patients with advanced-stage prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 78 patients who underwent [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 radionuclide therapy from January 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively included in this study. [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET images, acquired prior to radionuclide therapy, were used for the analysis of thresholding algorithms. All PET images were first analyzed semi-automatically using a pre-evaluated, proprietary software solution as the baseline method. Subsequently, five histogram-based thresholding methods and two local adaptive thresholding methods that are well established in computer vision were applied to quantify molecular tumor volume. The resulting whole-body molecular tumor volumes were validated with respect to the prognostication of overall patient survival as well as their statistical correlation to the baseline methods and their performance on standardized phantom scans. RESULTS The whole-body PSMA-TVs, quantified using different thresholding methods, demonstrate a high positive correlation with the baseline methods. We observed the highest correlation with generalized histogram thresholding (GHT) (Pearson r (r), p value (p): r = 0.977, p < 0.001) and Sauvola thresholding (r = 0.974, p < 0.001) and the lowest correlation with Multiotsu (r = 0.877, p < 0.001) and Yen thresholding methods (r = 0.878, p < 0.001). The median survival time of all patients was 9.87 months (95% CI [9.3 to 10.13]). Stratification by median whole-body PSMA-TV resulted in a median survival time from 11.8 to 13.5 months for the patient group with lower tumor burden and 6.5 to 6.6 months for the patient group with higher tumor burden. The patient group with lower tumor burden had significantly higher probability of survival (p < 0.00625) in eight out of nine thresholding methods (Fig. 2); those methods were SUVmax50 (p = 0.0038), SUV ≥3 (p = 0.0034), Multiotsu (p = 0.0015), Yen (p = 0.0015), Niblack (p = 0.001), Sauvola (p = 0.0001), Otsu (p = 0.0053), and Li thresholding (p = 0.0053). CONCLUSION Thresholding methods commonly used in computer vision are promising tools for the semiautomatic quantification of whole-body PSMA-TV in [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11-PET. The proposed algorithm-driven thresholding strategy is less arbitrary and less prone to biases than thresholding with predefined values, potentially improving the application of whole-body PSMA-TV as an imaging biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Kim
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (IKIM), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Robert Seifert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jana Fragemann
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (IKIM), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - David Kersting
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jacob Murray
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (IKIM), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Frederic Jonske
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (IKIM), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Cancer Research Center Cologne Essen (CCCE), Essen, Germany
| | - Kelsey L Pomykala
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (IKIM), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Egger
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (IKIM), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang P Fendler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ken Herrmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jens Kleesiek
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (IKIM), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Cancer Research Center Cologne Essen (CCCE), Essen, Germany
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Adediran OA, Lawal IO, Muzahir S, Bhave MA, Friend S, Fielder B, Meisel J, Torres MA, Styblo TM, Graham C, Holbrook A, Kalinsky K, Crowe RJ, Ulaner GA, Schuster DM. A Discordant Pattern of Uptake on 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT Versus 18 F-Fluciclovine PET/CT in Radiation-Induced Hepatitis : Implications for Early Postradiotherapy Imaging-Based Response Assessment. Clin Nucl Med 2023; 48:e202-e203. [PMID: 36728139 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000004565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A 62-year-old woman with right-sided invasive lobular breast carcinoma completed external beam radiotherapy 6 weeks before undergoing a 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT and 18 F-fluciclovine PET/CT scan as part of an ongoing clinical trial (NCT04750473) assessing the performance of these molecular imaging modalities in invasive lobular breast carcinoma. The 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT demonstrated a band-like area of increased radiotracer uptake in the dome of the right lobe of the liver anteriorly, whereas 18 F-fluciclovine PET/CT done a day later revealed photopenia in the corresponding area of the liver. The external beam radiotherapy plan confirmed that the radiotherapy field overlaid the region of the hepatic discordant radiotracer uptake on the PET/CT scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omotayo A Adediran
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Saima Muzahir
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Manali A Bhave
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sarah Friend
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Bridget Fielder
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jane Meisel
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Mylin A Torres
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Cathy Graham
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Anna Holbrook
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kevin Kalinsky
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ronald J Crowe
- Emory Centre for Systems Imaging Core, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Gary A Ulaner
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Hoag Family Cancer Institute, Newport Beach, CA
| | - David M Schuster
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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11
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Moreau A, Pretet V, Paquet E, Giraudet AL, Kryza D. Intense Diffuse Lung Uptake Due to Interstitial Pneumopathy Related to Polyangiitis Granulomata in 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT. Clin Nucl Med 2023; 48:261-263. [PMID: 36094496 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000004408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT We reported the case of a 73-year-old man for whom a prostatic adenocarcinoma with synchronous bone metastases was diagnosed. Because his disease was progressing despite several lines of chemotherapy and hormonotherapy, he was screened with a 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT for a possible 177 Lu-PSMA-617 therapy. The examination demonstrated an intense diffuse bone uptake related to the known bone involvement. It also showed an unexpected diffuse and intense lung uptake, secondary to an active polyangiitis granulomata. This intense lung uptake prohibits the radioligand therapy.
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12
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Vetrone L, Cuzzani G, Mei R, Zanoni L, Bertaccini A, Bianchi L, Castellucci P, Gaudiano C, Cappelli A, Giunchi F, Fanti S. Case report: PSMA PET/CT addresses the correct diagnosis in a patient with metastatic prostate cancer despite negative core biopsies and mpMRI. A diagnostic challenge. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1101221. [PMID: 36824128 PMCID: PMC9941543 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1101221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a case of [68 Ga]Ga-Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-11 PET/CT in a 73-years old patient presenting high Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) levels despite both multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and 12-core saturation biopsy negative for prostate cancer (Pca). This is a highly interesting case because, despite the advanced metastatic spread at initial presentation as showed by [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-PET/CT, the primary Pca was detected by none of the diagnostic techniques (12 random sample biopsy, mpMRI, PSMA PET/CT). However, [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-PET/CT showed a suspicious axillary lesion suitable for biopsy, which finally resulted as Pca metastasis. This case report is therefore a brilliant example of how [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-PET/CT optimized patient's management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigia Vetrone
- Nuclear Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Cuzzani
- Nuclear Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Mei
- Nuclear Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,*Correspondence: Riccardo Mei,
| | - Lucia Zanoni
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bertaccini
- Division of Urology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Bianchi
- Division of Urology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Castellucci
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Caterina Gaudiano
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberta Cappelli
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Giunchi
- Pathology Unit, IRRCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Fanti
- Nuclear Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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13
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Muñoz GC, Fraum TJ. Plug inguinal hernia repair mimicking nodal spread of prostate cancer on PSMA-PET/CT. Radiol Case Rep 2022; 18:57-59. [PMID: 36324838 PMCID: PMC9619301 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2022.09.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of non-prostatic or non-malignant findings exhibiting prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) tracer uptake and resemble metastatic disease on positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. In this case, a 72-year-old man presenting for initial staging of prostate cancer was found to have PSMA tracer uptake along the left external iliac vessels corresponding to a structure resembling a lymph node on computed tomography (CT). This finding was initially concerning for nodal spread of the patient's primary neoplasm. However, chart review revealed a remote history of left inguinal hernia plug repair with location corresponding to the area of PSMA activity. This case highlights PSMA uptake related to surgical mesh from inguinal hernia plug repair as a mimic of nodal metastatic disease on PSMA PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve C. Muñoz
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Corresponding author at: 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, Campus Box 8131, St. Louis, MO 63108
| | - Tyler J. Fraum
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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14
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Tariq A, McCart Reed AE, Morton A, Porten S, Vela I, Williams ED, Yaxley JW, Black PC, Roberts MJ. Urothelial Carcinoma and Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen: Cellular, Imaging, and Prognostic Implications. Eur Urol Focus 2022; 8:1256-1269. [PMID: 34429271 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Staging, restaging, and surveillance of urothelial carcinoma (UC) is challenging due to suboptimal accuracy of standard of care imaging modalities. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) imaging may serve to improve characterisation of UC. OBJECTIVE To appraise available literature regarding cellular, imaging, and prognostic implications of PSMA for UC. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A systematic review was performed considering all available literature (including conference abstracts) published from 1990 to 2020 and reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines following registration in PROSPERO (CRD42020186744). All relevant texts relating to immunohistochemical analysis and PSMA-based imaging in UC were included and collated. Additionally, FOLH1 (gene encoding PSMA) expression according to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was analysed as well as according to consensus and TCGA molecular classification subtypes and subsequently compared with clinical outcomes. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS PSMA expression across UC tumour tissue was heterogeneous (0-100%) but appeared to decrease with increased grade and stage. The TCGA analysis demonstrated loss of FOLH1 expression with increasing T stage (p = 0.0180) and N stage (p = 0.0269), and reduced FOLH1 expression was associated with worse disease-free survival. PSMA expression in UC neovasculature was variable but mostly increased (44-100%). Eleven reports of PSMA-based imaging for UC were identified, reporting on 18 patients. PSMA positron emission tomography (PET) imaging was positive in 17 out of 18 patients. The included literature review data were limited by mostly low-quality, retrospective studies. CONCLUSIONS Tissue PSMA, or FOLH1 expression, may inversely be associated with pathological and survival outcomes in localised UC. PSMA PET imaging may improve detection of metastatic disease and response to systemic therapy due to PSMA expression in neovasculature. Available evidence is limited; thus, larger, prospective studies are required to confirm early results and define populations that benefit most. PATIENT SUMMARY In this systematic review, we assess the potential role of prostate-specific membrane antigen in urothelial cancer. We found that its utility is in expression of blood vessels surrounding metastasis. We conclude that it may be beneficial in detecting metastasis and response to systemic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsalan Tariq
- Department of Urology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amy E McCart Reed
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew Morton
- Department of Urology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sima Porten
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ian Vela
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elizabeth D Williams
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - John W Yaxley
- Department of Urology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter C Black
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Matthew J Roberts
- Department of Urology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Department of Urology, Redcliffe Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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15
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Indeterminate skeletal and lymph node lesion on 18F PSMA 1007 PET/CT scanning: lessons from a review at 12 months with PSMA-RADS. Nucl Med Commun 2022; 43:1034-1041. [PMID: 35833288 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS OF THE STUDY The study utilizes the prostate-specific membrane antigen-reporting and data system (PSMA-RADS) version 1.0 in a real-world patient scenario in the evaluation of equivocal lesions using the PSMA-RADS categorization for patient management and communication in multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 203 patients who had 18F PSMA PET/CT for either restaging or staging over 12 months was undertaken. The scans were evaluated for local disease, lymph node involvement and distant metastases. The scan findings were classified as suspicious for metastases, and equivocal and benign lesions. Experience with PSMA ligand imaging was considered while classifying the lesions, equivocal lesions were assessed with PSMA-RADS and followed up with complementary imaging and/or clinical follow-up assessment or MDT for further patient management. RESULTS A total of 91 of 203 patients had equivocal lesions. Follow-up assessment was performed in 47 of 91 patients with imaging (n = 36) or MDT discussion (n = 11).On follow-up imaging (n = 36), equivocal lesion was seen in skeletal lesions (n = 24), pelvic lymph nodes (n = 6), both skeletal and pelvic nodes (n = 4), hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes (n = 1) and spleen (n = 1). The patients were reclassified as benign, metastatic with few lesion remained equivocal. Overall follow-up assessment impacted clinical management in 47% patients. CONCLUSION 18F PSMA PET/CT may show equivocal lesions; many of them in the skeleton, a small proportion of which are ultimately proven metastatic. In contrast, a higher proportion of the equivocal nodes in the pelvis end up being metastatic on follow-up. A structured reporting with PSMA-RADS grading helps in the proper classification of lesions and standardization of reports.
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16
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Adnan A, Raju S, Kumar R, Basu S. An Appraisal and Update of Fluorodeoxyglucose and Non-Fluorodeoxyglucose-PET Tracers in Thyroid and Non-Thyroid Endocrine Neoplasms. PET Clin 2022; 17:343-367. [PMID: 35717097 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine neoplasms and malignancies are a diverse group of tumors with varied clinical, histopathologic, and functional features. These tumors vary from sporadic to hereditary, isolated entities to multiple neoplastic syndromes, functioning and non functioning tumors, unifocal locally invasive, and advanced to multifocal tumors with disseminated distant metastases. The presence of various specific biomarkers and specific receptor targets serves as valuable tools for diagnosis, prognosis, and management. PET-CT with FDG and a multitude of novel and specific radiotracers towards specific therapeutic targets mandates personalization of their use, so as to ensure maximum clinical benefit in the management of these neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadil Adnan
- Radiation Medicine Centre (B.A.R.C), Tata Memorial Centre Annexe, Parel, Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Shobhana Raju
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandip Basu
- Radiation Medicine Centre (B.A.R.C), Tata Memorial Centre Annexe, Parel, Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.
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17
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Geysen A, Goffin K, Van Weehaeghe D, Van Laere K, Deroose CM. Increased Uptake of 18F-PSMA-1007 in Corpus Luteum Demonstrated by PET/CT. Clin Nucl Med 2022; 47:e331-e332. [PMID: 35025782 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000004013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Two women were referred for an 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT in follow-up of an adenoid cystic tumor of the subglottic region and the bronchus, respectively. Only limited tracer uptake was seen in the region of local recurrence and in the region of known metastases. Unexpectedly, an incidental finding consisting of a high tracer uptake at a corpus luteum in the ovary was found in both women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Geysen
- From the Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven
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18
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Unger C, Bronsert P, Michalski K, Bicker A, Juhasz-Böss I. Expression of Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) in Breast Cancer. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2022; 82:50-58. [PMID: 35027860 PMCID: PMC8747897 DOI: 10.1055/a-1638-9429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a promising protein for breast cancer patients. It has not only been detected in prostate cancer but is also expressed by tumor cells and the endothelial cells of tumor vessels in breast cancer patients. PSMA plays a role in tumor progression and tumor angiogenesis. For this reason, a number of diagnostic and therapeutic methods to target PSMA have been developed. Method This paper provides a general structured overview of PSMA and its oncogenic potential, with a special focus on its role in breast cancer. This narrative review is based on a selective literature search carried out in PubMed and the library of Freiburg University Clinical Center. The following key words were used for the search: "PSMA", "PSMA and breast cancer", "PSMA PET/CT", "PSMA tumor progression". Relevant articles were explicitly read through, processed, and summarized. Conclusion PSMA could be a new diagnostic and therapeutic alternative, particularly for triple-negative breast cancer. It appears to be a potential predictive and prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Unger
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Bronsert
- Institut für Klinische Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Michalski
- Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna Bicker
- Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe in den St. Vincentius Kliniken, Karslruhe, Germany
| | - Ingolf Juhasz-Böss
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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19
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DePalatis L, Martiniova L, de Almeida Graff T, Ravizzini G. Applications of PSMA-PET in tumors other than prostate cancer. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00116-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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20
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Jiang J, Tang X, Pu Y, Yang Y, Yang C, Yang F, Tian Y, Li J, Sun H, Zhao S, Chen L. The Value of Multimodality PET/CT Imaging in Detecting Prostate Cancer Biochemical Recurrence. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:897513. [PMID: 35712249 PMCID: PMC9197252 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.897513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) induced death is the predominant cause of cancer-related death among men in 48 countries. After radical treatment, biochemical recurrence has become an important factor for prognosis. The early detection and diagnosis of recurrent lesions are very helpful in guiding treatment and improving the prognosis. PET/CT is a promising method for early detection of lesions in patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer. This article reviews the progress of the research on PET/CT in the PCa biochemical recurrence and aims to introduce new technologies and provide more direction for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jiang
- Department of PET/CT Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoxia Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
| | - Yongzhu Pu
- Department of PET/CT Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Urology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
| | - Conghui Yang
- Department of PET/CT Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
| | - Fake Yang
- Department of PET/CT Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
| | - Yadong Tian
- Department of PET/CT Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
| | - Jindan Li
- Department of PET/CT Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
| | - Hua Sun
- Department of PET/CT Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
- *Correspondence: Long Chen, ; Hua Sun, ; Sheng Zhao,
| | - Sheng Zhao
- Department of PET/CT Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
- *Correspondence: Long Chen, ; Hua Sun, ; Sheng Zhao,
| | - Long Chen
- Department of PET/CT Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
- *Correspondence: Long Chen, ; Hua Sun, ; Sheng Zhao,
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21
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Hoberück S, Löck S, Borkowetz A, Sommer U, Winzer R, Zöphel K, Fedders D, Michler E, Kotzerke J, Kopka K, Hölscher T, Braune A. Intraindividual comparison of [ 68 Ga]-Ga-PSMA-11 and [ 18F]-F-PSMA-1007 in prostate cancer patients: a retrospective single-center analysis. EJNMMI Res 2021; 11:109. [PMID: 34665337 PMCID: PMC8526666 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-021-00845-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The analysis aimed to compare the radiotracers [68Ga]-Ga-PSMA-11 and [18F]-F-PSMA-1007 intraindividually in terms of malignant lesions, mi(molecular-imaging)TNM staging and presumable unspecific lesions retrospectively as used in routine clinical practice. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 46 prostate cancer patients (median age: 71 years) who underwent consecutive [68Ga]-Ga-PSMA-11- and [18F]-F-PSMA-1007-PET/CT or PET/MRI within a mean of 12 ± 8.0 days was performed. MiTNM staging was performed in both studies by two nuclear medicine physicians who were blinded to the results of the other tracer. After intradisciplinary and interdisciplinary consensus with two radiologists was reached, differences in both malignant and presumable nonspecific tracer accumulation were analyzed. RESULTS Differences in terms of miTNM stages in both studies occurred in nine of the 46 patients (19.6%). The miT stages differed in five patients (10.9%), the miN stages differed in three patients (6.5%), and different miM stages occurred only in one patient who was upstaged in [18F]-F-PSMA-1007 PET. Concordant miTNM stages were obtained in 37 patients (80.4%). There was no significant difference between [18F]-F-PSMA-1007 and [68Ga]-Ga-PSMA-11 in the SUVmax locally (31.5 vs. 32.7; p = 0.658), in lymph node metastases (28.9 vs. 24.9; p = 0.30) or in bone metastases (22.9 vs. 27.6; p = 0.286). In [18F]-F-PSMA-1007 PET, more patients featured presumable unspecific uptake in the lymph nodes (52.2% vs. 28.3%; p: < 0.001), bones (71.7% vs. 23.9%; p < 0.001) and ganglia (71.7% vs. 43.5%; p < 0.001). Probable unspecific, exclusively [18F]-F-PSMA-1007-positive lesions mainly occurred in the ribs (58.7%), axillary lymph nodes (39.1%) and cervical ganglia (28.3%). CONCLUSION In terms of miTNM staging, both tracers appeared widely exchangeable, as no tracer relevantly outperformed the other. The differences between the two tracers were far more common in presumable unspecific lesions than in malignant spots. A routinely performed two-tracer study could not be shown to be superior. Since it seems at least challenging for most nuclear medicine departments to provide both [18F]-F-PSMA-1007 and [68Ga]-Ga-PSMA-11, it appears reasonable to choose the PSMA radiotracer depending on local availability with attention to the greater occurrence of nonspecific bone findings with [18F]-F-PSMA-1007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hoberück
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Helios Klinikum Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany.
| | - Steffen Löck
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Angelika Borkowetz
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sommer
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Winzer
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Zöphel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Chemnitz gGmbH, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Dieter Fedders
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Enrico Michler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Kotzerke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Hölscher
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Braune
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
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22
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Şahin Ö, Kaya B, Aydın Z, Karaağaç M, Kanyılmaz G. Late PET/CT Findings of COVID-19 Pneumonia With 2 Different Radiopharmaceuticals in a Patient: PSMA Avidity Higher Than FDGs. Clin Nucl Med 2021; 46:e521-e522. [PMID: 34477606 PMCID: PMC8411601 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000003720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT We present the 68Ga-PSMA and 18F-FDG PET/CT findings comparatively of a 67-year-old prostate cancer and malignant melanoma patient who had COVID-19 pneumonia 3 months ago. In 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT, ground-glass opacities showing markedly increased PSMA uptake were observed in the patient's lungs. It was learned that the patient had COVID-19 pneumonia 3 months ago and was treated in the intensive care unit for 13 days. In 18F-FDG PET/CT, FDG uptake was minimal in the same areas. In the midterm period after COVID-19 pneumonia, lung PSMA uptake is more intense than FDG, which may help better understand the disease's healing phase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Buğra Kaya
- From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine
| | | | | | - Gül Kanyılmaz
- Radiation Oncology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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23
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Moreau A, Cruel T, Giraudet AL, Derolland P, Kryza D. Incidental Finding of Hibernoma in Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen PET/CT. Clin Nucl Med 2021; 46:e469-e470. [PMID: 34028409 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000003691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT We reported the case of a 76-year-old man followed up since 2008 for a prostatic adenocarcinoma with pelvic and retroperitoneal nodes. He was initially treated by hormonotherapy with a good biological response. Twelve years after, he demonstrated an increased PSA level up to 10.2 ng/mL. He underwent a 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT, which shown an intense uptake by a left iliac extern mass, suspected of recurrence. The histology concluded in a hibernoma.
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24
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Viglialoro R, Esposito E, Zanca R, Gessi M, Depalo T, Aghakhanyan G, Bartoli F, Sollini M, Erba PA. What to Trust, PSA or [ 68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11: Learn from Experience. Res Rep Urol 2021; 13:597-601. [PMID: 34447724 PMCID: PMC8384575 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s316446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases from prostate cancer typically occur in the more advanced stages of the disease. Clinically, the early diagnosis of visceral disease is crucial, impacting on patient’s management and prognosis. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the modality of choice for the detection of brain metastases, it is not routinely performed in the surveillance of prostate cancer patients unless neurological manifestations appear. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a glycoprotein, a membrane-bound metallopeptidase, overexpressed in more than 90% of prostate cancer cells. This molecular target is a suitable tissue biomarker for prostate cancer functional imaging. We present a case of a 73-year gentleman diagnosed with prostate adenocarcinoma and surgically treated (pT3bN1Mx, Gleason Score of 9) in February 2016. Subsequently, he underwent androgen deprivation therapy because of the occurrence of a bone metastasis. Between 2016 and January 2019 PSA levels were maintained under control. Starting from September 2019, it progressively raised up to 0.85 ng/mL with a doubling time of 3.3 months. Therefore, he performed a [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT which showed a focal radiopharmaceutical uptake in the right temporal lobe corresponding to the presence of a rounded cystic lesion on brain MRI. The subsequent excisional biopsy diagnosed a prostate adenocarcinoma metastasis. PSMA expression has been reported in brain parenchyma after ischemic strokes and in some brain tumors including gliomas, meningiomas, and neurofibromas. In our case, the lack of symptoms and the relatively low PSA level raised questions about the nature of the lesion, posing the differential diagnosis between brain metastases and primary brain tumor. Finally, our case shows the capability of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT to detect metachronous distant brain metastases in a low biochemical recurrent asymptomatic prostate cancer patient, indicating that proper acquisition – from the vertex to thigh – should be always considered, regardless of the PSA level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Viglialoro
- Regional Center of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrica Esposito
- Regional Center of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberta Zanca
- Regional Center of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Gessi
- Neuropathology Unit, Division of Pathology Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A.Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Tommaso Depalo
- Regional Center of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gayane Aghakhanyan
- Regional Center of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Bartoli
- Regional Center of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Martina Sollini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090, Italy.,IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Anna Erba
- Regional Center of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Centre, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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25
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Evolving Castration Resistance and Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen Expression: Implications for Patient Management. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143556. [PMID: 34298770 PMCID: PMC8307676 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains an incurable disease, despite multiple novel treatment options. The role of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in the process of mCRPC development has long been underestimated. During the last years, a new understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of rising PSMA expression and its association with disease progression has emerged. Accurate understanding of these complex interactions is indispensable for a precise diagnostic process and ultimately successful treatment of advanced prostate cancer. The combination of different novel therapeutics such as androgen deprivation agents, 177LU-PSMA radioligand therapy and PARP inhibitors promises a new kind of efficacy. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the most relevant molecular mechanisms around PSMA in mCRPC development and how they can be implemented in mCRPC management.
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Ceci F, Oprea-Lager DE, Emmett L, Adam JA, Bomanji J, Czernin J, Eiber M, Haberkorn U, Hofman MS, Hope TA, Kumar R, Rowe SP, Schwarzenboeck SM, Fanti S, Herrmann K. E-PSMA: the EANM standardized reporting guidelines v1.0 for PSMA-PET. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:1626-1638. [PMID: 33604691 PMCID: PMC8113168 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05245-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The development of consensus guidelines for interpretation of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA)-Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is needed to provide more consistent reports in clinical practice. The standardization of PSMA-PET interpretation may also contribute to increasing the data reproducibility within clinical trials. Finally, guidelines in PSMA-PET interpretation are needed to communicate the exact location of findings to referring physicians, to support clinician therapeutic management decisions. METHODS A panel of worldwide experts in PSMA-PET was established. Panelists were selected based on their expertise and publication record in the diagnosis or treatment of PCa, in their involvement in clinical guidelines and according to their expertise in the clinical application of radiolabeled PSMA inhibitors. Panelists were actively involved in all stages of a modified, nonanonymous, Delphi consensus process. RESULTS According to the findings obtained by modified Delphi consensus process, panelist recommendations were implemented in a structured report for PSMA-PET. CONCLUSIONS The E-PSMA standardized reporting guidelines, a document supported by the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM), provide consensus statements among a panel of experts in PSMA-PET imaging, to develop a structured report for PSMA-PET in prostate cancer and to harmonize diagnostic interpretation criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ceci
- Nuclear Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela E Oprea-Lager
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Louise Emmett
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Department of Theranostics and Nuclear Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Judit A Adam
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jamshed Bomanji
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Johannes Czernin
- Ahmanson Translational Theranostics Division, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Matthias Eiber
- School of Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe Haberkorn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael S Hofman
- Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas A Hope
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Steven P Rowe
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Stefano Fanti
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ken Herrmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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Arslan E, Aksoy T, Cin M, Çakır C, Can Trabulus FD, Çermik TF. 68Ga PSMA Uptake at Roux-en-Y Eso-jejunostomy Junction Mimicking the Recurrence of Gastric Carcinoma in PET/CT. Mol Imaging Radionucl Ther 2021; 30:63-66. [PMID: 33586413 PMCID: PMC7885274 DOI: 10.4274/mirt.galenos.2020.86729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A 67-year-old male patient had undergone total gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y eso-jejunostomy 3 years ago for the treatment of tubular adenocarcinoma located at the corpus of the stomach. The patient was diagnosed with Gleason score 8 (4+4) metastatic prostate cancer during the follow-up period and received hormone therapy. Owing to his elevated prostate-specific antigen levels (77 ng/mL), his clinician referred him gallium-68 (68Ga) prostate-specific membrane antigen 11 (PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for restaging. PET/CT showed multiple 68Ga PSMA receptor-positive skeletal lesions and linear PSMA activity at the eso-jejunostomy junction. He was then referred to undergo 18fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT to screen for gastric carcinoma recurrence. PET/CT images demonstrated no 18F-FDG avid lesion. However, endoscopy and biopsy performed with samples from the eso-jejunostomy junction revealed superficial benign squamous epithelial fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Arslan
- University of Health and Sciences Turkey, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Tamer Aksoy
- University of Health and Sciences Turkey, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Cin
- University of Health and Sciences Turkey, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Coşkun Çakır
- University of Health and Sciences Turkey, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fadime Didem Can Trabulus
- University of Health and Sciences Turkey, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Fikret Çermik
- University of Health and Sciences Turkey, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
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Mettler J, Drzezga A, Dietlein M, Hucho T, Kobe C. Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Uptake in a Peripheral Nerve and Respective Ganglia on 68Ga-Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-HBED-CC PET/CT. Clin Nucl Med 2021; 46:69-70. [PMID: 33208621 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000003401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A 74-year-old man with a history of prostate cancer with proven osseous metastatic disease underwent Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT under antiandrogen therapy. The scan revealed a long segment of increased PSMA tracer uptake within the right sciatic nerve, which appeared edematous and swollen, and the respective ganglia. Clinically, the patient suffered from pain and paresis in the right leg. As infiltration of a long segment of a single nerve seems unlikely, primarily neuronal disease such as neuritis (induced by metastases or radiotherapy) was considered. The observed uptake of PSMA-targeting PET tracers may then represent a peripheral nerve disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Mettler
- From the Department for Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Center for Integrated, Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- From the Department for Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Center for Integrated, Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf
| | - Markus Dietlein
- From the Department for Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Center for Integrated, Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf
| | - Tim Hucho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Carsten Kobe
- From the Department for Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Center for Integrated, Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf
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29
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Yilmaz A, Cui H, Caligiuri MA, Yu J. Chimeric antigen receptor-engineered natural killer cells for cancer immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:168. [PMID: 33287875 PMCID: PMC7720606 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00998-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a critical component of the innate immune system. Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) re-direct NK cells toward tumor cells carrying corresponding antigens, creating major opportunities in the fight against cancer. CAR NK cells have the potential for use as universal CAR cells without the need for human leukocyte antigen matching or prior exposure to tumor-associated antigens. Exciting data from recent clinical trials have renewed interest in the field of cancer immunotherapy due to the potential of CAR NK cells in the production of "off-the-shelf" anti-cancer immunotherapeutic products. Here, we provide an up-to-date comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in key areas of CAR NK cell research and identify under-investigated research areas. We summarize improvements in CAR design and structure, advantages and disadvantages of using CAR NK cells as an alternative to CAR T cell therapy, and list sources to obtain NK cells. In addition, we provide a list of tumor-associated antigens targeted by CAR NK cells and detail challenges in expanding and transducing NK cells for CAR production. We additionally discuss barriers to effective treatment and suggest solutions to improve CAR NK cell function, proliferation, persistence, therapeutic effectiveness, and safety in solid and liquid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Yilmaz
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Hanwei Cui
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Michael A Caligiuri
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, KCRB, Bldg. 158, 3rd Floor, Room 3017, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, KCRB, Bldg. 158, 3rd Floor, Room 3017, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA.
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA.
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA.
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA.
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30
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Moreau A, Marie E, Bonneville-Levard A, Basle A, Kryza D. Skull vault hemangioma mimicking neoplastic lesion on [ 68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in a patient with glioblastoma: A case report. Radiol Case Rep 2020; 15:2598-2601. [PMID: 33088371 PMCID: PMC7557882 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the case of a 47-year-old woman treated by radiochimotherapy for a glioblastoma which underwent a [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11-PET/CT to distinguish postradiation changes from an evolutionary process. This demonstrated a weak homogeneous uptake surrounding the lesion. There was a focal and moderate uptake of a pseudo lytic skull diploe lesion near to the glioblastoma, finally attributed to a calvaria hemangioma. Calvaria hemangiomas are less frequent than vertebral hemangiomas and may demonstrate a modest PSMA uptake that one should keep in mind so as not to misinterpret the examination in patients followed for glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edouard Marie
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - David Kryza
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,UNIV Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
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31
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Abstract
Prostate cancer is the commonest malignancy to affect men in the United Kingdom. Extraprostatic disease detection at staging and in the setting of biochemical recurrence is essential in determining treatment strategy. Conventional imaging including computed tomography and bone scintigraphy are limited in their ability to detect sites of loco-regional nodal and metastatic bone disease, particularly at clinically relevant low prostate-specific antigen levels. The use of positron emission tomography-computed tomography has helped overcome these deficiencies and is leading a paradigm shift in the management of prostate cancer using a wide range of radiopharmaceuticals. Their mechanisms of action, utility in both staging and biochemical recurrence, and comparative strengths and weaknesses will be covered in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manil Subesinghe
- King's College London & Guy's & St. Thomas' PET Centre, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK; Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Meghana Kulkarni
- Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gary J Cook
- King's College London & Guy's & St. Thomas' PET Centre, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK; Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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32
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Clinical application of Fluciclovine PET, choline PET and gastrin-releasing polypeptide receptor (bombesin) targeting PET in prostate cancer. Curr Opin Urol 2020; 30:641-648. [PMID: 32701717 DOI: 10.1097/mou.0000000000000794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this review is to explore the clinical application of different PET radiopharmaceuticals in prostate cancer (PCa), beyond inhibitors of the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). RECENT FINDINGS Choline PET represented in the last decades the standard of reference for PET imaging in PCa and has been recently included in clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of metastasis-directed therapy in oligo-metastatic disease. Fluciclovine, as synthetic amino acid, has been proposed for investigating PCa. The results obtained by the first prospective studies led to FDA approval in 2016 in patients with biochemical recurrence. Recently, phase II/III trials explored its accuracy compared with PSMA PET and its impact on patient management. Imaging the gastrin-releasing polypeptide receptor (GRPR) recently drawn attention. Radio-labelled GRPR antagonists have the potential to be used as theranostic agents. Further evaluation is needed to understand the relation between GRPR expression and hormonal-resistant PCa, and for tumors characterized by heterogeneity of receptors expressed (e.g. PSMA-negative) on their cell surface. SUMMARY Other new generation PET tracers may play an important role in PCa, namely in case of PSMA-negative phenotypes.
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33
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Impact of PSMA PET/CT in prostate cancer patient’s clinical management: a pictorial essay of interesting cases with histologic confirmation. Clin Transl Imaging 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-020-00372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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34
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Ahn T, Roberts MJ, Abduljabar A, Joshi A, Perera M, Rhee H, Wood S, Vela I. A Review of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) in Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC). Mol Imaging Biol 2020; 21:799-807. [PMID: 30617728 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-01307-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is a disease that portends poor prognosis despite an increasing number of novel systemic treatment options including new targeted therapies and immunotherapy. Ablative intervention directed at oligometastatic RCC has demonstrated survival benefit. Consequently, developing techniques for improved staging of mRCC on contemporary imaging modalities including X-ray computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or bone scan (BS) is a clinical priority. This is relevant for metastatic deposits too small to characterize or lymph nodes within physiological normality. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein highly expressed on prostate cancer epithelial cells. Recently, small molecules targeting the PSMA receptor, linked to radioactive isotopes have been developed for use with positron emission tomography (PET). Despite its nomenclature, PSMA has also been found to be expressed in the neovasculature of non-prostate cancers such as renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and hence PSMA PET/CT imaging has been proposed as an alternative staging modality. Preliminary small studies involving the use of PSMA PET/CT imaging in mRCC have been encouraging with evidence of improved staging sensitivity which has directly led to change in management in some cases. Given these early encouraging reports, we performed a comprehensive narrative review on the available evidence, including the scientific basis for PSMA expression in RCC, the role of PSMA PET/CT imaging with potential clinical implications in mRCC, its limitations and future opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ahn
- Department of Urology, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. .,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Matthew J Roberts
- Department of Urology, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aous Abduljabar
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andre Joshi
- Department of Urology, Townsville Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Kidney Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marlon Perera
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Handoo Rhee
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simon Wood
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Kidney Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ian Vela
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Center Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Abstract
A 71-year-old man with a history of high-risk prostate adenocarcinoma (Gleason score 4 + 5 = 9) treated with brachytherapy in 2016 was referred for a Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-HBED-CC PET/CT scan for suspected cancer recurrence on a background of slowly rising serum prostate-specific antigen (0.95 ng/mL; reference, <0.2 ng/mL). This revealed PSMA-avid dura-based hyperdense lesions in the brain, suggestive of cerebral metastases. Biopsy demonstrated the presence of acid-fast bacilli, and with further clinical and microbiological testing, a diagnosis of PSMA-avid cerebral tuberculous mycobacterium infection was made.
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68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer and first treatment results with 177Lu-PSMA-617. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:18. [PMID: 32144510 PMCID: PMC7060303 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-0610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer. Treatment with surgery, radioactive iodine (RAI), and TSH suppression is effective in most patients. Five to 15% of patients become RAI refractory and need alternative therapy; however, treatment options are limited. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT, originally developed for prostate cancer, is also applicable to other malignancies, including thyroid carcinoma. The uptake of PSMA in thyroid carcinoma gives opportunities for imaging and therapy of RAI-refractory DTC. The aim of this study was to analyze imaging on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and evaluate the response to 177Lu-PSMA-617 therapy in patients with RAI-refractory DTC. Materials and methods Five patients with RAI-refractory DTC underwent 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT to determine their eligibility for 177Lu-PSMA-617 therapy. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CTs were analyzed visually and quantitatively. Response to 177Lu-PSMA-617 therapy was evaluated using imaging and thyroglobulin (Tg) values. Results Tracer uptake suspicious for distant metastases was depicted in all 68Ga-PSMA PET/CTs. Based on tracer uptake, three patients were eligible for 177Lu-PSMA-617 therapy, of whom two were treated. One patient showed disease progression on imaging 1 month later, while her Tg values gradually increased from 18 to 63 μg/L in the months after treatment. Another patient showed partial, temporary response of lung and liver metastases. Her Tg levels initially decreased from 17 to 9 μg/L. However, 7 months after treatment, there was disease progression on imaging and Tg levels had increased to 14 μg/L. Imaging with 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT could be compared to 18FDG PET/CT in three patients. Two patients showed additional lesions on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT, and one patient showed concordant imaging. Conclusion 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT appears to have added value in patients with RAI-refractory DTC, as it is able to detect various types of lesions, some of which were not picked up by 18FDG PET/CT. Furthermore, 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT might be used to identify patients eligible for treatment with 177Lu-PSMA-617. One of the two patients who underwent 177Lu-PSMA-617 therapy showed a modest, temporary response. To draw conclusions about the effectiveness of this therapy, more research is needed.
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Vornov JJ, Peters D, Nedelcovych M, Hollinger K, Rais R, Slusher BS. Looking for Drugs in All the Wrong Places: Use of GCPII Inhibitors Outside the Brain. Neurochem Res 2019; 45:1256-1267. [PMID: 31749072 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02909-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In tribute to our friend and colleague Michael Robinson, we review his involvement in the identification, characterization and localization of the metallopeptidase glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII), originally called NAALADase. While Mike was characterizing NAALADase in the brain, the protein was independently identified by other laboratories in human prostate where it was termed prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and in the intestines where it was named Folate Hydrolase 1 (FOLH1). It was almost a decade to establish that NAALADase, PSMA, and FOLH1 are encoded by the same gene. The enzyme has emerged as a therapeutic target outside of the brain, with the most notable progress made in the treatment of prostate cancer and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). PSMA-PET imaging with high affinity ligands is proving useful for the clinical diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer. A molecular radiotherapy based on similar ligands is in trials for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. New PSMA inhibitor prodrugs that preferentially block kidney and salivary gland versus prostate tumor enzyme may improve the clinical safety of this radiotherapy. The wide clinical use of PSMA-PET imaging in prostate cancer has coincidentally led to clinical documentation of GCPII upregulation in a wide variety of tumors and inflammatory diseases, likely associated with angiogenesis. In IBD, expression of the FOLH1 gene that codes for GCPII is strongly upregulated, as is the enzymatic activity in diseased patient biopsies. In animal models of IBD, GCPII inhibitors show substantial efficacy, suggesting potential theranostic use of GCPII ligands for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Vornov
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Medpace, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Diane Peters
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mike Nedelcovych
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kristen Hollinger
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Rana Rais
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Moreau A, Febvey O, Mognetti T, Frappaz D, Kryza D. Contribution of Different Positron Emission Tomography Tracers in Glioma Management: Focus on Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1134. [PMID: 31737567 PMCID: PMC6839136 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although rare, glioblastomas account for the majority of primary brain lesions, with a dreadful prognosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is currently the imaging method providing the higher resolution. However, it does not always succeed in distinguishing recurrences from non-specific temozolomide, have been shown to improve -related changes caused by the combination of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy, also called pseudoprogression. Strenuous attempts to overcome this issue is highly required for these patients with a short life expectancy for both ethical and economic reasons. Additional reliable information may be obtained from positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The development of this technique, along with the emerging of new classes of tracers, can help in the diagnosis, prognosis, and assessment of therapies. We reviewed the current data about the commonly used tracers, such as 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) and radiolabeled amino acids, as well as different PET tracers recently investigated, to report their strengths, limitations, and relevance in glioblastoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - David Kryza
- UNIV Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LAGEPP UMR 5007 CNRS Villeurbanne, Villeurbanne, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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39
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Niiro E, Kawahara N, Yamada Y, Yoshimoto C, Shimada K, Sudo T, Kobayashi H. Immunohistochemical expression of CD44v9 and 8‐OHdG in ovarian endometrioma and the benign endometriotic lesions adjacent to clear cell carcinoma. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2019; 45:2260-2266. [DOI: 10.1111/jog.14093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Niiro
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyNara Medical University Nara Japan
| | - Naoki Kawahara
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyNara Medical University Nara Japan
| | - Yuki Yamada
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyNara Medical University Nara Japan
| | - Chiharu Yoshimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyNara Medical University Nara Japan
| | - Keiji Shimada
- Department of Diagnostic PathologyNara City Hospital Nara Japan
| | - Tamotsu Sudo
- Section of Translational Research, Hyogo Cancer Center Hyogo Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyNara Medical University Nara Japan
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Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) Expression in the Neovasculature of Gynecologic Malignancies: Implications for PSMA-targeted Therapy. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2019; 25:271-276. [PMID: 26862945 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the study was to examine expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in neovasculature of gynecologic cancers, as PSMA-targeted therapy has showed a promise in treatment of advanced carcinomas. The study included cervical carcinoma (n=28), vulvar carcinoma (n=20), endometrial carcinoma (n=23), primary ovarian carcinoma (n=21), metastatic ovarian carcinoma (n=25), and normal cervix (n=12) as negative control. All cases were immunostained using anti-CD31 antibody to delineate capillary endothelial cells. In parallel, all cases were immunostained using anti-PSMA antibody. The PSMA staining was assessed in tumor capillaries and in normal tissues and scored as a percentage of CD31 staining. PSMA expression was found in the tumor neovasculature, and no significant expression was identified in vasculature of normal tissues. The extent of PSMA staining in tumor capillaries varied from high expression in ovarian and endometrial cancers, to medium expression in cervical squamous cell carcinomas, and low expression in cervical adenocarcinomas and vulvar cancers. All (100%) cases of primary ovarian carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma metastases, and primary endometrial carcinoma showed PSMA expression in tumor vasculature, which was diffuse in majority of cases. The expression of PSMA in ovarian cancer metastases was similar among different metastatic foci of the same tumor. Fifteen percent of cervical squamous cell carcinoma, 50% of cervical adenocarcinoma, and 75% of vulvar carcinomas showed no capillary expression of PSMA. In conclusion, PSMA is highly and specifically expressed in the neovasculature of ovarian, endometrial, and cervical squamous carcinoma, rendering it a potential therapeutic vascular target.
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Sheikhbahaei S, Werner RA, Solnes LB, Pienta KJ, Pomper MG, Gorin MA, Rowe SP. Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA)-Targeted PET Imaging of Prostate Cancer: An Update on Important Pitfalls. Semin Nucl Med 2019; 49:255-270. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Prostate-specific membrane antigen expression in hepatocellular carcinoma: potential use for prognosis and diagnostic imaging. Oncotarget 2019; 10:4149-4160. [PMID: 31289613 PMCID: PMC6609242 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is currently being established as a potent diagnostic marker in many tumor types. So far, its evidence in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is sparse. The aim of our study was a comprehensive evaluation of PSMA expression and its prognostic role in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma as well as feasibility test of PSMA as an agent for diagnostic imaging. Methods The cohort for immunohistochemistry consisted of 153 patients with HCC. For validation purposes the HCC cohort (n = 359) of The Cancer Genome Atlas was analyzed on transcript level as well. Results On immunohistochemistry, non-tumorous liver tissue showed PSMA expression on canalicular membranes in all cases. In tumor tissue two patterns of expression, with a canalicular (41.1% of tumors) and a neovascular (89.9% of tumors) staining were seen. Completely negative for both two patterns were only 4.1% of tumors; conversely, 79.2% of the tumors showed high levels of PSMA protein expression at any location. At mRNA level higher FOLH1 (PSMA) expression rates were statistically significant and independently associated with longer overall survival times.Additionally, a case report of successful diagnostic 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in a patient with HCC progression on multiple therapy lines is provided. Conclusions Majority of hepatocellular carcinomas show high levels of PSMA expression on tumor vessels and on canalicular membrane of the tumor cells. Putative diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic value of PSMA in HCC warrants further clinically oriented investigations.
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Lodewijk L, Willems SM, Dreijerink KMA, de Keizer B, van Diest PJ, Schepers A, Morreau H, Bonenkamp HJ, Van Engen-van Grunsven IACH, Kruijff S, van Hemel BM, Links TP, Nieveen van Dijkum E, van Eeden S, Valk GD, Borel Rinkes IHM, Vriens MR. The theranostic target prostate-specific membrane antigen is expressed in medullary thyroid cancer. Hum Pathol 2018; 81:245-254. [PMID: 30055186 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lutske Lodewijk
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Surgery, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan M Willems
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Pathology, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Koen M A Dreijerink
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Endocrine Oncology, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart de Keizer
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Radiology, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J van Diest
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Pathology, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Abbey Schepers
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Morreau
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Han J Bonenkamp
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands
| | | | - Schelto Kruijff
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Surgery, 9700RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bettien M van Hemel
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology, 9700RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thera P Links
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Internal Medicine, 9700RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Els Nieveen van Dijkum
- Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne van Eeden
- Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerlof D Valk
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Endocrine Oncology, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inne H M Borel Rinkes
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Surgery, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Menno R Vriens
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Surgery, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Damjanovic J, Janssen JC, Furth C, Diederichs G, Walter T, Amthauer H, Makowski MR. 68 Ga-PSMA-PET/CT for the evaluation of pulmonary metastases and opacities in patients with prostate cancer. Cancer Imaging 2018; 18:20. [PMID: 29769114 PMCID: PMC5956855 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-018-0154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the imaging properties of pulmonary metastases and benign opacities in 68Ga-PSMA positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with prostate cancer (PC). Methods 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT scans of 739 PC patients available in our database were evaluated retrospectively for lung metastases and non-solid focal pulmonary opacities. Maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) were assessed by two- and three-dimensional regions of interest (2D/3D ROI). Additionally CT features of the lesions, such as location, morphology and size were identified. Results Ninety-one pulmonary metastases and fourteen opacities were identified in 34 PC patients. In total, 66 PSMA-positive (72.5%) and 25 PSMA-negative (27.5%) metastases were identified. The mean SUVmax of pulmonary opacities was 2.2±0.7 in 2D ROI and 2.4±0.8 in 3D ROI. The mean SUVmax of PSMA-positive pulmonary metastases was 4.5±2.7 in 2D ROI and in 4.7±2.9 in 3D ROI; this was significantly higher than the SUVmax of pulmonary opacities in both 2D and 3D ROI (p<0.001). The mean SUVmax of PSMA-negative metastases was 1.0±0.5 in 2D ROI and 1.0±0.4 in 3D ROI, and significantly lower than that of the pulmonary opacities (p<0.001). A significant (p<0.05) weak linear correlation between size and 3D SUVmax in lung metastases (ρSpearman=0.207) was found. Conclusion Based on the SUVmax in 68Ga-PSMA-PET alone, it was not possible to differentiate between pulmonary metastases and pulmonary opacities. The majority of lung metastases highly overexpressed PSMA, while a relevant number of metastases were PSMA-negative. Pulmonary opacities demonstrated a moderate tracer uptake, significantly lower than PSMA-positive lung metastases, yet significantly higher than PSMA-negative metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan-Carlo Janssen
- Department of Radiology, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Furth
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd Diederichs
- Department of Radiology, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thula Walter
- Department of Radiology, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Amthauer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus R Makowski
- Department of Radiology, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences, London, UK
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In vivo Molecular Imaging of Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II Expression in Re-endothelialisation after Percutaneous Balloon Denudation in a Rat Model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7411. [PMID: 29743623 PMCID: PMC5943322 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25863-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The short- and long-term success of intravascular stents depends on a proper re-endothelialisation after the intervention-induced endothelial denudation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of in vivo molecular imaging of glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII; identical with prostate-specific membrane antigen PSMA) expression as a marker of re-endothelialisation. Fifteen Sprague Dawley rats underwent unilateral balloon angioplasty of the common carotid artery (CCA). Positron emission tomography (PET) using the GCPII-targeting tracer [18F]DCFPyL was performed after 5-21 days (scan 60-120 min post injection). In two animals, the GCPII inhibitor PMPA (23 mg/kg BW) was added to the tracer solution. After PET, both CCAs were removed, dissected, and immunostained with the GCPII specific antibody YPSMA-1. Difference of GCPII expression between both CCAs was established by PCR analysis. [18F]DCFPyL uptake was significantly higher in the ipsilateral compared to the contralateral CCA with an ipsi-/contralateral ratio of 1.67 ± 0.39. PMPA blocked tracer binding. The selective expression of GCPII in endothelial cells of the treated CCA was confirmed by immunohistological staining. PCR analysis verified the site-specific GCPII expression. By using a molecular imaging marker of GCPII expression, we provide the first non-invasive in vivo delineation of re-endothelialisation after angioplasty.
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Salas Fragomeni RA, Amir T, Sheikhbahaei S, Harvey SC, Javadi MS, Solnes LB, Kiess AP, Allaf ME, Pomper MG, Gorin MA, Rowe SP. Imaging of Nonprostate Cancers Using PSMA-Targeted Radiotracers: Rationale, Current State of the Field, and a Call to Arms. J Nucl Med 2018; 59:871-877. [PMID: 29545375 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.203570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that is highly overexpressed on prostate cancer epithelial cells and for which there is a growing body of literature examining the role of small-molecule and antibody radiotracers targeted against this protein for prostate cancer detection and therapy. Despite its name, PSMA is also expressed, to varying degrees, in the neovasculature of a wide variety of nonprostate cancers; indeed, the pathology literature is replete with promising immunohistochemistry findings. Several groups have begun to correlate those pathology-level results with in vivo imaging and therapy in nonprostate cancers using the same PSMA-targeted agents that have been so successful in prostate cancer. The potential to leverage radiotracers targeted to PSMA beyond prostate cancer is a promising approach for many cancers, and PSMA-targeted agents may be able to supplement or fill gaps left by other agents. However, to date, most of the reported findings with PSMA-targeted radiotracers in nonprostate malignancies have been in case reports and small case series, and the field must adopt a more thorough approach to the design and execution of larger prospective trials to realize the potential of these promising agents outside prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto A Salas Fragomeni
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tali Amir
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sara Sheikhbahaei
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Susan C Harvey
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mehrbod S Javadi
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lilja B Solnes
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ana P Kiess
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Mohamad E Allaf
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael A Gorin
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steven P Rowe
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland .,James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Abstract
This interesting image illustrates a case of biopsy-proven pulmonary anthracosilicosis, a mixed dust pneumoconiosis, associated with Ga-PSMA-ligand uptake. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is an emerging imaging biomarker, with clinical application in evaluation of prostate cancer using Ga-PSMA-ligand PET/CT. Contrary to its name, PSMA is expressed in a number of other normal tissues and pathological states. Prostate-specific membrane antigen expression has been linked to tumor angiogenesis in various other epithelial neoplasms, as well as neovasculature associated with tissue regeneration and repair. Awareness of nonneoplastic inflammatory conditions associated with Ga-PSMA-ligand uptake aids in patient assessment and management.
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Prostate-specific membrane antigen in breast cancer: a comprehensive evaluation of expression and a case report of radionuclide therapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 169:447-455. [PMID: 29455299 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4717-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a protein product of the folate hydrolase 1 (FOLH1) gene, is gaining increasing acceptance as a target for positron emission tomography/computer tomography (PET/CT) imaging in patients with several cancer types, including breast cancer. So far, PSMA expression in breast cancer endothelia has not been sufficiently characterized. METHODS This study comprised 315 cases of invasive carcinoma of no special type (NST) and lobular breast cancer (median follow-up time 9.0 years). PSMA expression on tumor endothelia was detected by immunohistochemistry. Further, vascular mRNA expression of the FOLH1 gene (PSMA) was investigated in a cohort of patients with invasive breast cancer provided by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). RESULTS Sixty percent of breast cancer cases exhibited PSMA-positive endothelia with higher expression rates in tumors of higher grade, NST subtype with Her2-positivity, and lack of hormone receptors. These findings were confirmed on mRNA expression levels. The highest PSMA rates were observed in triple-negative carcinomas (4.5 × higher than in other tumors). Further, a case of a patient with metastatic breast cancer showing PSMA expression in PET/CT imaging and undergoing PSMA radionuclide therapy is discussed in detail. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a rationale for the further development of PSMA-targeted imaging in breast cancer, especially in triple-negative tumors.
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Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression in breast cancer and its metastases. Clin Exp Metastasis 2018; 34:479-490. [PMID: 29426963 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-018-9878-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in normal breast tissues, in cancerous breast tissues and in distant metastases from patients with breast cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to determine PSMA expression and angiogenic activity using anti-PSMA mAb and anti-CD31 mAb respectively. Immunofluorescence staining was applied to confirm the exact co-localization of PSMA and CD31. We observed different patterns of PSMA expression between normal and cancerous tissues. Normal breast tissues showed PSMA expression only in normal glandular cells. However, primary breast tumors and distant metastases showed PSMA expression in tumor cells and in tumor-associated neovasculature. PSMA score group status in primary breast tumors was significantly associated with histologic type and tumor grade (p = 0.026 and p = 0.004 respectively). Distant metastases showed higher PSMA expression in tumor-associated neovasculature comparing with primary tumors. Moreover, brain tumor-associated neovasculture had significantly higher expression of PSMA comparing with bone tumor-associated neovasculture. The localized binding of PSMA mAb to the neovasculature endothelium was confirmed with the double Immunofluorescence staining. 68Ga-PSAM imaging of a patient with metastatic breast cancer showed strong tracer uptake in all known skeletal metastases. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the second one that has assessed PSMA expression in a large number of breast cancer patients. Our findings showed that PSMA is particularly expressed in tumor-associated neovasculature of breast tumors and its distant metastases, thus enhancing the evidence on the potential usefulness of PSMA as a therapeutic vascular target.
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Taborska P, Stakheev D, Strizova Z, Vavrova K, Podrazil M, Bartunkova J, Smrz D. Personalized ex vivo multiple peptide enrichment and detection of T cells reactive to multiple tumor-associated antigens in prostate cancer patients. Med Oncol 2017; 34:173. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-1035-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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