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Ferenczi Á, Cserni G. Changes in breast cancer grade from biopsy to excision following surgery or primary chemotherapy. Pathologica 2024; 116:22-31. [PMID: 38482672 PMCID: PMC10938276 DOI: 10.32074/1591-951x-958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare histological grade (G) of breast cancer and its components (scores for tubule formation - T, nuclear pleomorphism - P and mitotic counts - M) in core needle biopsies (CNBs) and surgical excision specimens (EXC) in patients treated with primary surgery (CHIR) or primary chemotherapy (PST). Methods Grade of matched pairs of carcinomas in CNB and EXC was assessed according to the Nottingham grading system. Results PST cases tended to have higher pretreatment G. Concordance rates in the CHIR (n = 760) and PST (n = 148) groups for T, P, M and G were 79%, 70%, 75%, 71% and 77%, 70%, 50%, 62%, respectively; differences in concordance rates were significant in M (p < 0.0001) and G (p = 0.024). For discordant cases in the CHIR group, CNBs tended to overestimate T and underestimate P, M and G, whereas in the PST group, the same trends were identified for T and P, but there was a significant tendency for M and G to be lower in EXC specimens. Conclusions The reversal of M and G underestimation in CNB to "overestimation" in the PST group can only be explained with the effect of mitosis reduction following chemotherapy. Whether the posttreatment decrease in G reflects any prognostic value remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Ferenczi
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Cserni
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Pathology, Bács-Kiskun County Teaching Hospital, Kecskemét, Hungary
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2
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Hemida AS, Shabaan MI, Taha MA, Abdou AG. Impact of immunohistochemical expression of kinesin family member 18A (Kif18A) and β-catenin in infiltrating breast carcinoma of no special type. World J Surg Oncol 2024; 22:15. [PMID: 38195458 PMCID: PMC10777553 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND KIF18A is a regulator of the cell cycle that stimulates the proliferation of cancer cells. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is involved in different issues' carcinogenesis and is being examined as a therapeutic target. The relationship between KIF18A and β-catenin in breast cancer was not previously investigated. Therefore, this work aims to study the immunohistochemical expression and correlation of KIF18A and β-catenin in breast-infiltrating duct carcinoma (IDC) and their relation to prognosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Slides cut from paraffin blocks of 135 IDC and 40 normal breast tissues were stained by KIF18A and β-catenin antibodies. KIF18A cytoplasmic or nucleocytoplasmic staining and β-catenin aberrant expression either nucleo-cytoplasmic or cytoplasmic staining were considered. RESULTS Normal breast tissue and IDC showed a significant difference regarding KIF18A and aberrant β-catenin expression. High KIF18A and β-catenin H score values were associated with poor prognostic factors such as high grade, advanced stage, distant metastasis, high Ki67 status, and Her2neu-enriched subtype. There was a significant direct correlation between KIF18A and β-catenin as regards percent and H score values. Prolonged overall survival (OS) was significantly associated with mild intensity and low H score of KIF18A, and low β-catenin H score. CONCLUSIONS KIF18A could be involved in breast carcinogenesis by activating β-catenin. Overexpression of KIF18A and aberrant expression of β-catenin are considered proto-oncogenes of breast cancer development. KIF18A and β-catenin could be poor prognostic markers and predictors of aggressive behavior of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiat Shaban Hemida
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Yassin Abd Elghafar Street, Shebin El Kom, 32511, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed Ibrahim Shabaan
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Yassin Abd Elghafar Street, Shebin El Kom, 32511, Egypt
| | - Mennatallah Ahmed Taha
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Yassin Abd Elghafar Street, Shebin El Kom, 32511, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Gaber Abdou
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Yassin Abd Elghafar Street, Shebin El Kom, 32511, Egypt
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3
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Gaglia G, Kabraji S, Rammos D, Dai Y, Verma A, Wang S, Mills CE, Chung M, Bergholz JS, Coy S, Lin JR, Jeselsohn R, Metzger O, Winer EP, Dillon DA, Zhao JJ, Sorger PK, Santagata S. Temporal and spatial topography of cell proliferation in cancer. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:316-326. [PMID: 35292783 PMCID: PMC8959396 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00860-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proliferation is a fundamental trait of cancer cells, but its properties and spatial organization in tumours are poorly characterized. Here we use highly multiplexed tissue imaging to perform single-cell quantification of cell cycle regulators and then develop robust, multivariate, proliferation metrics. Across diverse cancers, proliferative architecture is organized at two spatial scales: large domains, and smaller niches enriched for specific immune lineages. Some tumour cells express cell cycle regulators in the (canonical) patterns expected of freely growing cells, a phenomenon we refer to as 'cell cycle coherence'. By contrast, the cell cycles of other tumour cell populations are skewed towards specific phases or exhibit non-canonical (incoherent) marker combinations. Coherence varies across space, with changes in oncogene activity and therapeutic intervention, and is associated with aggressive tumour behaviour. Thus, multivariate measures from high-plex tissue images capture clinically significant features of cancer proliferation, a fundamental step in enabling more precise use of anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Gaglia
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sheheryar Kabraji
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Danae Rammos
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yang Dai
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana Verma
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shu Wang
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Caitlin E Mills
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mirra Chung
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Johann S Bergholz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shannon Coy
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jia-Ren Lin
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rinath Jeselsohn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Otto Metzger
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric P Winer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deborah A Dillon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean J Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter K Sorger
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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4
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Lee W, Law T, Lu Y, Lee TK, Ibarra JA. Mitotic counts in one high power field in breast core biopsies is equivalent to counts in 10 high power fields. Pathology 2021; 54:43-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cree IA, Tan PH, Travis WD, Wesseling P, Yagi Y, White VA, Lokuhetty D, Scolyer RA. Counting mitoses: SI(ze) matters! Mod Pathol 2021; 34:1651-1657. [PMID: 34079071 PMCID: PMC8376633 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-021-00825-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mitoses are often assessed by pathologists to assist the diagnosis of cancer, and to grade malignancy, informing prognosis. Historically, this has been done by expressing the number of mitoses per n high power fields (HPFs), ignoring the fact that microscope fields may differ substantially, even at the same high power (×400) magnification. Despite a requirement to define HPF size in scientific papers, many authors fail to address this issue adequately. The problem is compounded by the switch to digital pathology systems, where ×400 equivalent fields are rectangular and also vary in the area displayed. The potential for error is considerable, and at times this may affect patient care. This is easily solved by the use of standardized international (SI) units. We, therefore, recommend that features such as mitoses are always counted per mm2, with an indication of the area to be counted and the method used (usually "hotspot" or "average") to obtain the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Cree
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France.
| | - Puay Hoon Tan
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - William D Travis
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pieter Wesseling
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers/VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yukako Yagi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valerie A White
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Dilani Lokuhetty
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia and Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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6
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Meuten DJ, Moore FM, Donovan TA, Bertram CA, Klopfleisch R, Foster RA, Smedley RC, Dark MJ, Milovancev M, Stromberg P, Williams BH, Aubreville M, Avallone G, Bolfa P, Cullen J, Dennis MM, Goldschmidt M, Luong R, Miller AD, Miller MA, Munday JS, Roccabianca P, Salas EN, Schulman FY, Laufer-Amorim R, Asakawa MG, Craig L, Dervisis N, Esplin DG, George JW, Hauck M, Kagawa Y, Kiupel M, Linder K, Meichner K, Marconato L, Oblak ML, Santos RL, Simpson RM, Tvedten H, Whitley D. International Guidelines for Veterinary Tumor Pathology: A Call to Action. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:766-794. [PMID: 34282984 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211013712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Standardization of tumor assessment lays the foundation for validation of grading systems, permits reproducibility of oncologic studies among investigators, and increases confidence in the significance of study results. Currently, there is minimal methodological standardization for assessing tumors in veterinary medicine, with few attempts to validate published protocols and grading schemes. The current article attempts to address these shortcomings by providing standard guidelines for tumor assessment parameters and protocols for evaluating specific tumor types. More detailed information is available in the Supplemental Files, the intention of which is 2-fold: publication as part of this commentary, but more importantly, these will be available as "living documents" on a website (www.vetcancerprotocols.org), which will be updated as new information is presented in the peer-reviewed literature. Our hope is that veterinary pathologists will agree that this initiative is needed, and will contribute to and utilize this information for routine diagnostic work and oncologic studies. Journal editors and reviewers can utilize checklists to ensure publications include sufficient detail and standardized methods of tumor assessment. To maintain the relevance of the guidelines and protocols, it is critical that the information is periodically updated and revised as new studies are published and validated with the intent of providing a repository of this information. Our hope is that this initiative (a continuation of efforts published in this journal in 2011) will facilitate collaboration and reproducibility between pathologists and institutions, increase case numbers, and strengthen clinical research findings, thus ensuring continued progress in veterinary oncologic pathology and improving patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christof A Bertram
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pompei Bolfa
- Ross University, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - John Cullen
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nick Dervisis
- VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Keith Linder
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Renato L Santos
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - R Mark Simpson
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Harold Tvedten
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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7
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Donovan TA, Moore FM, Bertram CA, Luong R, Bolfa P, Klopfleisch R, Tvedten H, Salas EN, Whitley DB, Aubreville M, Meuten DJ. Mitotic Figures-Normal, Atypical, and Imposters: A Guide to Identification. Vet Pathol 2020; 58:243-257. [PMID: 33371818 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820980049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Counting mitotic figures (MF) in hematoxylin and eosin-stained histologic sections is an integral part of the diagnostic pathologist's tumor evaluation. The mitotic count (MC) is used alone or as part of a grading scheme for assessment of prognosis and clinical decisions. Determining MCs is subjective, somewhat laborious, and has interobserver variation. Proposals for standardizing this parameter in the veterinary field are limited to terminology (use of the term MC) and area (MC is counted in an area measuring 2.37 mm2). Digital imaging techniques are now commonplace and widely used among veterinary pathologists, and field of view area can be easily calculated with digital imaging software. In addition to standardizing the methods of counting MF, the morphologic characteristics of MF and distinguishing atypical mitotic figures (AMF) versus mitotic-like figures (MLF) need to be defined. This article provides morphologic criteria for MF identification and for distinguishing normal phases of MF from AMF and MLF. Pertinent features of digital microscopy and application of computational pathology (CPATH) methods are discussed. Correct identification of MF will improve MC consistency, reproducibility, and accuracy obtained from manual (glass slide or whole-slide imaging) and CPATH approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pompei Bolfa
- 41635Ross University, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | | | - Harold Tvedten
- 8095Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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8
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Kudo T, Kamiie J, Aihara N, Doi M, Sumi A, Omachi T, Shirota K. Malignant Leydig cell tumor in dogs: two cases and a review of the literature. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019; 31:557-561. [PMID: 31248354 PMCID: PMC6857010 DOI: 10.1177/1040638719854791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant Leydig cell tumor (MLCT) is a rare testicular tumor in dogs. We report herein 2 dogs with MLCT and cutaneous metastasis. Grossly, marked enlargement and distortion of the involved testes were noted; on cut surface, the parenchyma was completely replaced by neoplastic tissue. In addition, these tumors had extensive necrosis and hemorrhage. Case 1 had a rapidly growing cutaneous mass in the left angle of the mouth; the lesion was well-circumscribed and had an indistinct lobular pattern. Case 2 had multiple cutaneous masses in the dorsal neck region, the thoracic back region, and the right hindlimb. Microscopically, the tumor lobules were composed of oval-to-polyhedral cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and resembled testicular tumors. By immunohistochemistry, the neoplastic cells in both the testicular and cutaneous tumors were positive for inhibin-alpha and melan A. The mitotic counts of the primary tumors from cases 1 and 2 were 21 and 11 per 10 high-power fields, respectively. Based on these findings, the cases were diagnosed as MLCT with cutaneous metastasis. Ki-67 expression in the neoplastic cells of the 2 cases was higher than in benign Leydig cell tumors. Our findings may be helpful for the diagnosis of canine MLCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoo Kudo
- PATHO LABO, Shizuoka, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School
of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Junichi Kamiie
- PATHO LABO, Shizuoka, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School
of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Aihara
- PATHO LABO, Shizuoka, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School
of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaki Doi
- PATHO LABO, Shizuoka, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School
of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ayumi Sumi
- PATHO LABO, Shizuoka, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School
of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Omachi
- PATHO LABO, Shizuoka, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School
of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kinji Shirota
- Kinji Shirota,
Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Azabu University, 1-17-71
Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan.
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9
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A high-resolution transcriptome map of cell cycle reveals novel connections between periodic genes and cancer. Cell Res 2016; 26:946-62. [PMID: 27364684 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2016.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Progression through the cell cycle is largely dependent on waves of periodic gene expression, and the regulatory networks for these transcriptome dynamics have emerged as critical points of vulnerability in various aspects of tumor biology. Through RNA-sequencing of human cells during two continuous cell cycles (>2.3 billion paired reads), we identified over 1 000 mRNAs, non-coding RNAs and pseudogenes with periodic expression. Periodic transcripts are enriched in functions related to DNA metabolism, mitosis, and DNA damage response, indicating these genes likely represent putative cell cycle regulators. Using our set of periodic genes, we developed a new approach termed "mitotic trait" that can classify primary tumors and normal tissues by their transcriptome similarity to different cell cycle stages. By analyzing >4 000 tumor samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and other expression data sets, we found that mitotic trait significantly correlates with genetic alterations, tumor subtype and, notably, patient survival. We further defined a core set of 67 genes with robust periodic expression in multiple cell types. Proteins encoded by these genes function as major hubs of protein-protein interaction and are mostly required for cell cycle progression. The core genes also have unique chromatin features including increased levels of CTCF/RAD21 binding and H3K36me3. Loss of these features in uterine and kidney cancers is associated with altered expression of the core 67 genes. Our study suggests new chromatin-associated mechanisms for periodic gene regulation and offers a predictor of cancer patient outcomes.
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- D. J. Meuten
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - F. M. Moore
- Marshfield Laboratories, Veterinary Services, Marshfield, WI, USA
| | - J. W. George
- School of Veterinary Medicine, UC-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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11
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Validation of mitosis counting by automated phosphohistone H3 (PHH3) digital image analysis in a breast carcinoma tissue microarray. Pathology 2015; 47:329-34. [DOI: 10.1097/pat.0000000000000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Pathological non-response to chemotherapy in a neoadjuvant setting of breast cancer: an inter-institutional study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 148:511-23. [PMID: 25395316 PMCID: PMC4243004 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-3192-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To identify markers of non-response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) that could be used in the adjuvant setting. Sixteen pathologists of the European Working Group for Breast Screening Pathology reviewed the core biopsies of breast cancers treated with NAC and recorded the clinico-pathological findings (histological type and grade; estrogen, progesterone receptors, and HER2 status; Ki67; mitotic count; tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes; necrosis) and data regarding the pathological response in corresponding surgical resection specimens. Analyses were carried out in a cohort of 490 cases by comparing the groups of patients showing pathological complete response (pCR) and partial response (pPR) with the group of non-responders (pathological non-response: pNR). Among other parameters, the lobular histotype and the absence of inflammation were significantly more common in pNR (p < 0.001). By ROC curve analyses, cut-off values of 9 mitosis/2 mm(2) and 18% of Ki67-positive cells best discriminated the pNR and pCR + pPR categories (p = 0.018 and < 0.001, respectively). By multivariable analysis, only the cut-off value of 9 mitosis discriminated the different response categories (p = 0.036) in the entire cohort. In the Luminal B/HER2- subgroup, a mitotic count <9, although not statistically significant, showed an OR of 2.7 of pNR. A lobular histotype and the absence of inflammation were independent predictors of pNR (p = 0.024 and <0.001, respectively). Classical morphological parameters, such as lobular histotype and inflammation, confirmed their predictive value in response to NAC, particularly in the Luminal B/HER2- subgroup, which is a challenging breast cancer subtype from a therapeutic point of view. Mitotic count could represent an additional marker but has a poor positive predictive value.
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13
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Evaluation of Ki67 expression across distinct categories of breast cancer specimens: a population-based study of matched surgical specimens, core needle biopsies and tissue microarrays. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112121. [PMID: 25375149 PMCID: PMC4223011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tumor cell proliferation in breast cancer is strongly prognostic and may also predict response to chemotherapy. However, there is no consensus on counting areas or cut-off values for patient stratification. Our aim was to assess the matched level of proliferation by Ki67 when using different tissue categories (whole sections, WS; core needle biopsies, CNB; tissue microarrays, TMA), and the corresponding prognostic value. Methods We examined a retrospective, population-based series of breast cancer (n = 534) from the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program. The percentage of Ki67 positive nuclei was evaluated by visual counting on WS (n = 534), CNB (n = 154) and TMA (n = 459). Results The median percentage of Ki67 expression was 18% on WS (hot-spot areas), 13% on CNB, and 7% on TMA, and this difference was statistically significant in paired cases. Increased Ki67 expression by all evaluation methods was associated with aggressive tumor features (large tumor diameter, high histologic grade, ER negativity) and reduced patient survival. Conclusion There is a significant difference in tumor cell proliferation by Ki67 across different sample categories. Ki67 is prognostic over a wide range of cut-off points and for different sample types, although Ki67 results derived from TMA sections are lower compared with those obtained using specimens from a clinical setting. Our findings indicate that specimen specific cut-off values should be applied for practical use.
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